milis/talimatname/genel/b/bind/bind.okubeni

#
# Configuring BIND
# 

Config files
------------
named.conf, root.hints, 127.0.0, rndc.conf and resolv.conf
Configuration Information



BIND will be configured to run in a chroot jail as an unprivileged user (named). This configuration is more secure in that a DNS compromise can only affect a few files in the named user's HOME directory.

The unprivileged user and group named are alredy setup

Set up some files, directories and devices needed by BIND:

cd /srv/named &&
mkdir -p dev etc/namedb/{slave,pz} usr/lib/engines var/run/named &&
mknod /srv/named/dev/null c 1 3 &&
mknod /srv/named/dev/random c 1 8 &&
chmod 666 /srv/named/dev/{null,random} &&
cp /etc/localtime etc &&
touch /srv/named/managed-keys.bind &&
cp /usr/lib/engines/libgost.so usr/lib/engines &&
[ $(uname -m) = x86_64 ] && ln -sv lib usr/lib64

The rndc.conf file contains information for controlling named operations with the rndc utility. Generate a key for use in the named.conf and rdnc.conf with the rndc-confgen command:

rndc-confgen -r /dev/urandom -b 512 > /etc/rndc.conf &&
sed '/conf/d;/^#/!d;s:^# ::' /etc/rndc.conf > /srv/named/etc/named.conf

Complete the named.conf file from which named will read the location of zone files, root name servers and secure DNS keys:

cat >> /srv/named/etc/named.conf << "EOF"
options {
        directory "/etc/namedb";
        pid-file "/var/run/named.pid";
        statistics-file "/var/run/named.stats";
};
zone "." {
        type hint;
        file "root.hints";
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "pz/127.0.0";
};

// Bind 9 now logs by default through syslog (except debug).
// These are the default logging rules.

logging {
        category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
        category unmatched { null; };

        channel default_syslog {
                        syslog daemon;                      // send to syslog's daemon
                                                            // facility
                        severity info;                      // only send priority info
                                                            // and higher
 };

        channel default_debug {
                        file "named.run";                   // write to named.run in
                                                            // the working directory
                                                            // Note: stderr is used instead
                                                            // of "named.run"
                                                            // if the server is started
                                                            // with the '-f' option.
                        severity dynamic;                   // log at the server's
                                                            // current debug level
};

       channel default_stderr {
                        stderr;                             // writes to stderr
                        severity info;                      // only send priority info
                                                            // and higher
};

       channel null {
                        null;                               // toss anything sent to
                                                            // this channel
};
};
EOF

Create a zone file with the following contents:

cat > /srv/named/etc/namedb/pz/127.0.0 << "EOF"
$TTL 3D
@      IN      SOA     ns.local.domain. hostmaster.local.domain. (
                                1       ; Serial
                                                        8H      ; Refresh
                                                                                2H      ; Retry
                                                                                                        4W      ; Expire
                                                                                                                                1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                NS      ns.local.domain.
                1               PTR     localhost.
                EOF

                Create the root.hints file with the following commands:
                [Note]
                Note

                Caution must be used to ensure there are no leading spaces in this file.

cat > /srv/named/etc/namedb/root.hints << "EOF"
.                       6D  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D  IN      NS      M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       198.41.0.4
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.228.79.201
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       199.7.91.13
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.203.230.10
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.112.36.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       128.63.2.53
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.36.148.17
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       192.58.128.30
K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       193.0.14.129
L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       199.7.83.42
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     6D  IN      A       202.12.27.33
EOF

The root.hints file is a list of root name servers. This file must be updated periodically with the dig utility. A current copy of root.hints can be obtained from ftp://rs.internic.net/domain/named.root. Consult the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual for details.

Create or modify resolv.conf to use the new name server with the following commands:
[Note]   Replace <yourdomain.com> with your own valid domain name.

cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak &&
cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
search <yourdomain.com>
nameserver 127.0.0.1
EOF

Set permissions on the chroot jail with the following command:
chown -R named:named /srv/named

Boot Script
Now start BIND with the new boot script:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/bind start

Testing BIND
Test out the new BIND 9 installation. First query the local host address with dig:

dig -x 127.0.0.1

Now try an external name lookup, taking note of the speed difference in repeated lookups due to the caching. Run the dig command twice on the same address:

dig www.linuxfromscratch.org &&
dig www.linuxfromscratch.org

You can see almost instantaneous results with the named caching lookups. Consult the BIND Administrator Reference Manual located at doc/arm/Bv9ARM.html in the package source tree, for further configuration options.