blender/intern/cycles/util/util_math.h

/*
 * Copyright 2011-2013 Blender Foundation
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef __UTIL_MATH_H__
#define __UTIL_MATH_H__

/* Math
 *
 * Basic math functions on scalar and vector types. This header is used by
 * both the kernel code when compiled as C++, and other C++ non-kernel code. */

#ifndef __KERNEL_GPU__
#  include <cmath>
#endif

#ifndef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
#  include <float.h>
#  include <math.h>
#  include <stdio.h>
#endif /* __KERNEL_OPENCL__ */

#include "util/util_types.h"

CCL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

/* Float Pi variations */

/* Division */
#ifndef M_PI_F
#  define M_PI_F (3.1415926535897932f) /* pi */
#endif
#ifndef M_PI_2_F
#  define M_PI_2_F (1.5707963267948966f) /* pi/2 */
#endif
#ifndef M_PI_4_F
#  define M_PI_4_F (0.7853981633974830f) /* pi/4 */
#endif
#ifndef M_1_PI_F
#  define M_1_PI_F (0.3183098861837067f) /* 1/pi */
#endif
#ifndef M_2_PI_F
#  define M_2_PI_F (0.6366197723675813f) /* 2/pi */
#endif
#ifndef M_1_2PI_F
#  define M_1_2PI_F (0.1591549430918953f) /* 1/(2*pi) */
#endif
#ifndef M_SQRT_PI_8_F
#  define M_SQRT_PI_8_F (0.6266570686577501f) /* sqrt(pi/8) */
#endif
#ifndef M_LN_2PI_F
#  define M_LN_2PI_F (1.8378770664093454f) /* ln(2*pi) */
#endif

/* Multiplication */
#ifndef M_2PI_F
#  define M_2PI_F (6.2831853071795864f) /* 2*pi */
#endif
#ifndef M_4PI_F
#  define M_4PI_F (12.566370614359172f) /* 4*pi */
#endif

/* Float sqrt variations */
#ifndef M_SQRT2_F
#  define M_SQRT2_F (1.4142135623730950f) /* sqrt(2) */
#endif
#ifndef M_LN2_F
#  define M_LN2_F (0.6931471805599453f) /* ln(2) */
#endif
#ifndef M_LN10_F
#  define M_LN10_F (2.3025850929940457f) /* ln(10) */
#endif

/* Scalar */

#ifdef _WIN32
#  ifndef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
ccl_device_inline float fmaxf(float a, float b)
{
  return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

ccl_device_inline float fminf(float a, float b)
{
  return (a < b) ? a : b;
}
#  endif /* !__KERNEL_OPENCL__ */
#endif   /* _WIN32 */

#ifndef __KERNEL_GPU__
using std::isfinite;
using std::isnan;
using std::sqrt;

ccl_device_inline int abs(int x)
{
  return (x > 0) ? x : -x;
}

ccl_device_inline int max(int a, int b)
{
  return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

ccl_device_inline int min(int a, int b)
{
  return (a < b) ? a : b;
}

ccl_device_inline float max(float a, float b)
{
  return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

ccl_device_inline float min(float a, float b)
{
  return (a < b) ? a : b;
}

ccl_device_inline double max(double a, double b)
{
  return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

ccl_device_inline double min(double a, double b)
{
  return (a < b) ? a : b;
}

/* These 2 guys are templated for usage with registers data.
 *
 * NOTE: Since this is CPU-only functions it is ok to use references here.
 * But for other devices we'll need to be careful about this.
 */

template<typename T> ccl_device_inline T min4(const T &a, const T &b, const T &c, const T &d)
{
  return min(min(a, b), min(c, d));
}

template<typename T> ccl_device_inline T max4(const T &a, const T &b, const T &c, const T &d)
{
  return max(max(a, b), max(c, d));
}
#endif /* __KERNEL_GPU__ */

ccl_device_inline float min4(float a, float b, float c, float d)
{
  return min(min(a, b), min(c, d));
}

ccl_device_inline float max4(float a, float b, float c, float d)
{
  return max(max(a, b), max(c, d));
}

#ifndef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
/* Int/Float conversion */

ccl_device_inline int as_int(uint i)
{
  union {
    uint ui;
    int i;
  } u;
  u.ui = i;
  return u.i;
}

ccl_device_inline uint as_uint(int i)
{
  union {
    uint ui;
    int i;
  } u;
  u.i = i;
  return u.ui;
}

ccl_device_inline uint as_uint(float f)
{
  union {
    uint i;
    float f;
  } u;
  u.f = f;
  return u.i;
}

ccl_device_inline int __float_as_int(float f)
{
  union {
    int i;
    float f;
  } u;
  u.f = f;
  return u.i;
}

ccl_device_inline float __int_as_float(int i)
{
  union {
    int i;
    float f;
  } u;
  u.i = i;
  return u.f;
}

ccl_device_inline uint __float_as_uint(float f)
{
  union {
    uint i;
    float f;
  } u;
  u.f = f;
  return u.i;
}

ccl_device_inline float __uint_as_float(uint i)
{
  union {
    uint i;
    float f;
  } u;
  u.i = i;
  return u.f;
}

ccl_device_inline int4 __float4_as_int4(float4 f)
{
#  ifdef __KERNEL_SSE__
  return int4(_mm_castps_si128(f.m128));
#  else
  return make_int4(
      __float_as_int(f.x), __float_as_int(f.y), __float_as_int(f.z), __float_as_int(f.w));
#  endif
}

ccl_device_inline float4 __int4_as_float4(int4 i)
{
#  ifdef __KERNEL_SSE__
  return float4(_mm_castsi128_ps(i.m128));
#  else
  return make_float4(
      __int_as_float(i.x), __int_as_float(i.y), __int_as_float(i.z), __int_as_float(i.w));
#  endif
}
#endif /* __KERNEL_OPENCL__ */

/* Versions of functions which are safe for fast math. */
ccl_device_inline bool isnan_safe(float f)
{
  unsigned int x = __float_as_uint(f);
  return (x << 1) > 0xff000000u;
}

ccl_device_inline bool isfinite_safe(float f)
{
  /* By IEEE 754 rule, 2*Inf equals Inf */
  unsigned int x = __float_as_uint(f);
  return (f == f) && (x == 0 || x == (1u << 31) || (f != 2.0f * f)) && !((x << 1) > 0xff000000u);
}

ccl_device_inline float ensure_finite(float v)
{
  return isfinite_safe(v) ? v : 0.0f;
}

#ifndef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
ccl_device_inline int clamp(int a, int mn, int mx)
{
  return min(max(a, mn), mx);
}

ccl_device_inline float clamp(float a, float mn, float mx)
{
  return min(max(a, mn), mx);
}

ccl_device_inline float mix(float a, float b, float t)
{
  return a + t * (b - a);
}
#endif /* __KERNEL_OPENCL__ */

#ifndef __KERNEL_CUDA__
ccl_device_inline float saturate(float a)
{
  return clamp(a, 0.0f, 1.0f);
}
#endif /* __KERNEL_CUDA__ */

ccl_device_inline int float_to_int(float f)
{
  return (int)f;
}

ccl_device_inline int floor_to_int(float f)
{
  return float_to_int(floorf(f));
}

ccl_device_inline int quick_floor_to_int(float x)
{
  return float_to_int(x) - ((x < 0) ? 1 : 0);
}

ccl_device_inline int ceil_to_int(float f)
{
  return float_to_int(ceilf(f));
}

ccl_device_inline float signf(float f)
{
  return (f < 0.0f) ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
}

ccl_device_inline float nonzerof(float f, float eps)
{
  if (fabsf(f) < eps)
    return signf(f) * eps;
  else
    return f;
}

ccl_device_inline float smoothstepf(float f)
{
  float ff = f * f;
  return (3.0f * ff - 2.0f * ff * f);
}

ccl_device_inline int mod(int x, int m)
{
  return (x % m + m) % m;
}

ccl_device_inline float3 float2_to_float3(const float2 a)
{
  return make_float3(a.x, a.y, 0.0f);
}

ccl_device_inline float3 float4_to_float3(const float4 a)
{
  return make_float3(a.x, a.y, a.z);
}

ccl_device_inline float4 float3_to_float4(const float3 a)
{
  return make_float4(a.x, a.y, a.z, 1.0f);
}

ccl_device_inline float inverse_lerp(float a, float b, float x)
{
  return (x - a) / (b - a);
}

/* Cubic interpolation between b and c, a and d are the previous and next point. */
ccl_device_inline float cubic_interp(float a, float b, float c, float d, float x)
{
  return 0.5f *
             (((d + 3.0f * (b - c) - a) * x + (2.0f * a - 5.0f * b + 4.0f * c - d)) * x +
              (c - a)) *
             x +
         b;
}

CCL_NAMESPACE_END

#include "util/util_math_int2.h"
#include "util/util_math_int3.h"
#include "util/util_math_int4.h"

#include "util/util_math_float2.h"
#include "util/util_math_float3.h"
#include "util/util_math_float4.h"

#include "util/util_rect.h"

CCL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

#ifndef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
/* Interpolation */

template<class A, class B> A lerp(const A &a, const A &b, const B &t)
{
  return (A)(a * ((B)1 - t) + b * t);
}

#endif /* __KERNEL_OPENCL__ */

/* Triangle */

#ifndef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
ccl_device_inline float triangle_area(const float3 &v1, const float3 &v2, const float3 &v3)
#else
ccl_device_inline float triangle_area(const float3 v1, const float3 v2, const float3 v3)
#endif
{
  return len(cross(v3 - v2, v1 - v2)) * 0.5f;
}

/* Orthonormal vectors */

ccl_device_inline void make_orthonormals(const float3 N, float3 *a, float3 *b)
{
#if 0
  if (fabsf(N.y) >= 0.999f) {
    *a = make_float3(1, 0, 0);
    *b = make_float3(0, 0, 1);
    return;
  }
  if (fabsf(N.z) >= 0.999f) {
    *a = make_float3(1, 0, 0);
    *b = make_float3(0, 1, 0);
    return;
  }
#endif

  if (N.x != N.y || N.x != N.z)
    *a = make_float3(N.z - N.y, N.x - N.z, N.y - N.x);  //(1,1,1)x N
  else
    *a = make_float3(N.z - N.y, N.x + N.z, -N.y - N.x);  //(-1,1,1)x N

  *a = normalize(*a);
  *b = cross(N, *a);
}

/* Color division */

ccl_device_inline float3 safe_invert_color(float3 a)
{
  float x, y, z;

  x = (a.x != 0.0f) ? 1.0f / a.x : 0.0f;
  y = (a.y != 0.0f) ? 1.0f / a.y : 0.0f;
  z = (a.z != 0.0f) ? 1.0f / a.z : 0.0f;

  return make_float3(x, y, z);
}

ccl_device_inline float3 safe_divide_color(float3 a, float3 b)
{
  float x, y, z;

  x = (b.x != 0.0f) ? a.x / b.x : 0.0f;
  y = (b.y != 0.0f) ? a.y / b.y : 0.0f;
  z = (b.z != 0.0f) ? a.z / b.z : 0.0f;

  return make_float3(x, y, z);
}

ccl_device_inline float3 safe_divide_even_color(float3 a, float3 b)
{
  float x, y, z;

  x = (b.x != 0.0f) ? a.x / b.x : 0.0f;
  y = (b.y != 0.0f) ? a.y / b.y : 0.0f;
  z = (b.z != 0.0f) ? a.z / b.z : 0.0f;

  /* try to get gray even if b is zero */
  if (b.x == 0.0f) {
    if (b.y == 0.0f) {
      x = z;
      y = z;
    }
    else if (b.z == 0.0f) {
      x = y;
      z = y;
    }
    else
      x = 0.5f * (y + z);
  }
  else if (b.y == 0.0f) {
    if (b.z == 0.0f) {
      y = x;
      z = x;
    }
    else
      y = 0.5f * (x + z);
  }
  else if (b.z == 0.0f) {
    z = 0.5f * (x + y);
  }

  return make_float3(x, y, z);
}

/* Rotation of point around axis and angle */

ccl_device_inline float3 rotate_around_axis(float3 p, float3 axis, float angle)
{
  float costheta = cosf(angle);
  float sintheta = sinf(angle);
  float3 r;

  r.x = ((costheta + (1 - costheta) * axis.x * axis.x) * p.x) +
        (((1 - costheta) * axis.x * axis.y - axis.z * sintheta) * p.y) +
        (((1 - costheta) * axis.x * axis.z + axis.y * sintheta) * p.z);

  r.y = (((1 - costheta) * axis.x * axis.y + axis.z * sintheta) * p.x) +
        ((costheta + (1 - costheta) * axis.y * axis.y) * p.y) +
        (((1 - costheta) * axis.y * axis.z - axis.x * sintheta) * p.z);

  r.z = (((1 - costheta) * axis.x * axis.z - axis.y * sintheta) * p.x) +
        (((1 - costheta) * axis.y * axis.z + axis.x * sintheta) * p.y) +
        ((costheta + (1 - costheta) * axis.z * axis.z) * p.z);

  return r;
}

/* NaN-safe math ops */

ccl_device_inline float safe_sqrtf(float f)
{
  return sqrtf(max(f, 0.0f));
}

ccl_device float safe_asinf(float a)
{
  return asinf(clamp(a, -1.0f, 1.0f));
}

ccl_device float safe_acosf(float a)
{
  return acosf(clamp(a, -1.0f, 1.0f));
}

ccl_device float compatible_powf(float x, float y)
{
#ifdef __KERNEL_GPU__
  if (y == 0.0f) /* x^0 -> 1, including 0^0 */
    return 1.0f;

  /* GPU pow doesn't accept negative x, do manual checks here */
  if (x < 0.0f) {
    if (fmodf(-y, 2.0f) == 0.0f)
      return powf(-x, y);
    else
      return -powf(-x, y);
  }
  else if (x == 0.0f)
    return 0.0f;
#endif
  return powf(x, y);
}

ccl_device float safe_powf(float a, float b)
{
  if (UNLIKELY(a < 0.0f && b != float_to_int(b)))
    return 0.0f;

  return compatible_powf(a, b);
}

ccl_device float safe_divide(float a, float b)
{
  return (b != 0.0f) ? a / b : 0.0f;
}

ccl_device float safe_logf(float a, float b)
{
  if (UNLIKELY(a <= 0.0f || b <= 0.0f))
    return 0.0f;

  return safe_divide(logf(a), logf(b));
}

ccl_device float safe_modulo(float a, float b)
{
  return (b != 0.0f) ? fmodf(a, b) : 0.0f;
}

ccl_device_inline float sqr(float a)
{
  return a * a;
}

ccl_device_inline float pow20(float a)
{
  return sqr(sqr(sqr(sqr(a)) * a));
}

ccl_device_inline float pow22(float a)
{
  return sqr(a * sqr(sqr(sqr(a)) * a));
}

ccl_device_inline float beta(float x, float y)
{
#ifndef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
  return expf(lgammaf(x) + lgammaf(y) - lgammaf(x + y));
#else
  return expf(lgamma(x) + lgamma(y) - lgamma(x + y));
#endif
}

ccl_device_inline float xor_signmask(float x, int y)
{
  return __int_as_float(__float_as_int(x) ^ y);
}

ccl_device float bits_to_01(uint bits)
{
  return bits * (1.0f / (float)0xFFFFFFFF);
}

/* projections */
ccl_device_inline float2 map_to_tube(const float3 co)
{
  float len, u, v;
  len = sqrtf(co.x * co.x + co.y * co.y);
  if (len > 0.0f) {
    u = (1.0f - (atan2f(co.x / len, co.y / len) / M_PI_F)) * 0.5f;
    v = (co.z + 1.0f) * 0.5f;
  }
  else {
    u = v = 0.0f;
  }
  return make_float2(u, v);
}

ccl_device_inline float2 map_to_sphere(const float3 co)
{
  float l = len(co);
  float u, v;
  if (l > 0.0f) {
    if (UNLIKELY(co.x == 0.0f && co.y == 0.0f)) {
      u = 0.0f; /* othwise domain error */
    }
    else {
      u = (1.0f - atan2f(co.x, co.y) / M_PI_F) / 2.0f;
    }
    v = 1.0f - safe_acosf(co.z / l) / M_PI_F;
  }
  else {
    u = v = 0.0f;
  }
  return make_float2(u, v);
}

/* Compares two floats.
 * Returns true if their absolute difference is smaller than abs_diff (for numbers near zero)
 * or their relative difference is less than ulp_diff ULPs.
 * Based on
 * https://randomascii.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/comparing-floating-point-numbers-2012-edition/
 */

ccl_device_inline float compare_floats(float a, float b, float abs_diff, int ulp_diff)
{
  if (fabsf(a - b) < abs_diff) {
    return true;
  }

  if ((a < 0.0f) != (b < 0.0f)) {
    return false;
  }

  return (abs(__float_as_int(a) - __float_as_int(b)) < ulp_diff);
}

CCL_NAMESPACE_END

#endif /* __UTIL_MATH_H__ */