asterisk/doc/README.realtime

The Asterisk Realtime Architecture
----------------------------------

The Asterisk Realtime Architecture is a new set of drivers and 
functions implemented in Asterisk 1.2. The benefits of this 
architecture are many, both from a code management
standpoint and from an installation perspective. 

Additional information on the configuration of Realtime with Asterisk 
can be found in README.extconfig

The ARA is designed to be independent of storage. Currently, most
drivers are based on SQL, but the architecture should be able to handle
other storage methods in the future, like LDAP.

The main benefit comes in the database support. In Asterisk v1.0 some 
functions supported MySQL database, some PostgreSQL and other ODBC.
With the ARA, we have a unified database interface internally in Asterisk,
so if one function supports database integration, all databases that has a 
realtime driver will be supported in that function.

Currently there are three realtime database drivers:

* ODBC: Support for UnixODBC, integrated into Asterisk
  The UnixODBC subsystem supports many different databases,
  please check www.unixodbc.org for more information.
* MySQL: Found in the asterisk-addons cvs archive on cvs.digium.com
* Res_perl: Found in the asterisk-addons cvs archive on cvs.digium.com


* Two modes: Static and Realtime
--------------------------------
The ARA realtime mode is used to dynamically load and update objects.
This mode is used in the SIP and IAX2 channels, as well as in the voicemail
system. For SIP and IAX2 this is similar to the v1.0 MYSQL_FRIENDS 
functionality. With the ARA, we now support many more databases for
dynamic configuration of phones.

The ARA static mode is used to load configuration files. For the Asterisk
modules that read configurations, there's no difference between a static
file in the file system, like extensions.conf, and a configuration loaded
from a database.

* Realtime SIP friends
----------------------
The SIP realtime objects are users and peers that are loaded in memory 
when needed, then deleted. This means that Asterisk currently can't handle
voicemail notification and NAT keepalives for these peers. Other than that,
most of the functionality works the same way for realtime friends as for
the ones in static configuration.

There is some work to create a solution for Realtime SIP devices that
loads from database and stays in memory for the duration of a call or
a registration, but that work is not integrated into Asterisk yet.

* New function in the dial plan: The Realtime Switch
----------------------------------------------------
The realtime switch is more than a port of functionality in v1.0 to the
new architecture, this is a new feature of Asterisk based on the 
ARA. The realtime switch lets your Asterisk server do database lookups
of extensions in realtime from your dial plan. You can have many Asterisk
servers sharing a dynamically updated dial plan in real time with this
solution.

Note that this switch does _NOT_ support Caller ID matching, only
extension name/pattern matching.

* So what can you do?
---------------------
The realtime Architecture lets you store all of your configuration in
databases and reload it whenever you want. You can force a reload over
the AMI, Asterisk Manager Interface or by calling Asterisk from a 
shell script with 
	asterisk -rx "reload"

You may also dynamically add SIP and IAX devices and extensions 
and making them available without a reload, by using the realtime
objects and the realtime switch.


* Configuration in extconfig.conf
---------------------------------
You configure the ARA in extconfig.conf (yes, it's a strange name, but
is was defined in the early days of the realtime architecture and kind
of stuck). Please see README.extconfig for database schemas.

The part of Asterisk that connects to the ARA use a well defined family
name to find the proper database driver. The syntax is easy:
   <family> => <realtime driver>,<db name>[,<table>]

The options following the realtime driver identified depends on the
driver.

Defined well-known family names are:

* sippeers, sipusers	SIP peers and users
* iaxfriends		IAX2 peers
* voicemail		Voicemail accounts 

There is documentation of the SQL database in the file
README.extconfig in your Asterisk source code tree, the /doc
directory.

For voicemail storage with the support of ODBC, there is a 
README.odbcstorage documentation file.


* FreeTDS not supported
-----------------------
Due to architectural constraints in the FreeTDS libraries, FreeTDS is not
supported for use with realtime at this time.