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- PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.0 page 12.1
- CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 12
- INPUT AND OUTPUT
INPUT AND OUTPUT
INPUT AND OUTPUT
- 12.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1
- 12.2. The Underlying Primitives for Input and Output. . . . 12.1
- 12.3. Opening, Closing, and Selecting Channels. . . . . . 12.5
- 12.4. Functions for Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8
- 12.5. Functions for Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.16
- 12.5.1. Reading S-Expression . . . . . . . . . . 12.16
- 12.5.2. Reading Files into PSL . . . . . . . . . 12.17
- 12.5.3. Reading Single Characters . . . . . . . . 12.20
- 12.5.4. Reading Tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.21
- 12.5.5. Read Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.30
- 12.6. Scan Table Utility Functions. . . . . . . . . . 12.31
- 12.7. I/O to and from Lists and Strings . . . . . . . . 12.32
- 12.8. Example of Simple I/O in PSL. . . . . . . . . . 12.34
- 12.1. Introduction
12.1. Introduction
12.1. Introduction
- Most LISP programs are written with no sophisticated I/O, so this chapter
- may be skimmed by those with simple I/O requirements. Section
- 12.8 contains an example showing the use of some I/O functions. This
- should help the beginning PSL user get started. Sections 12.5 and
- 12.6 deal extensively with customizing the scanner and reader, which is of
- interest only to the sophisticated user.
- 12.2. The Underlying Primitives for Input and Output
12.2. The Underlying Primitives for Input and Output
12.2. The Underlying Primitives for Input and Output
- All input and output functions are implemented in terms of operations on
- 1
- _______
"channels". A channel is just a small integer which has 3 functions and
- some other information associated with it. The three functions are:
- a. A reading function, which is called with the channel as its
- _______
argument and returns the integer ASCII value of the next
- _______________
- 1
- The range of channel numbers is from 0 to MaxChannels, where MaxChannels
- is a system-dependent constant, currently 31, defined in IO-DATA.RED.
- MaxChannels is a WCONST, and is not available for use at runtime.
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.2 section 12.2
- character of the input stream. If the channel is for writing
- WriteOnlyChannel
WriteOnlyChannel
only, this function is WriteOnlyChannel. If the channel has not
- ChannelNotOpen
ChannelNotOpen
been opened, this function is ChannelNotOpen. The reading
- function is responsible for echoing characters if the flag
- WriteChar
WriteChar
!*ECHO is T. It should use the function WriteChar to echo the
- character. It may not be appropriate for a read function to
- echo characters. For example, the "disk" reading function does
- Compress
Compress
echoing, while the reader used to implement the Compress
- function does not.
- The read function must also be concerned with the handling of
- ends of "files" (actually, ends of channels) and ends of lines.
- It should return the ASCII code for an end of file character
- (system dependent) when reaching the end of a channel. It
- should return the ASCII code for a line feed character to
- indicate an end of line (or "newline"). This may require that
- the ASCII code for carriage return be ignored when read, not
- returned.
- b. A writing function, which is called with the channel as its
- _______
first argument and the integer ASCII value of the character to
- write as its second argument. If the channel is for reading
- ReadOnlyChannel
ReadOnlyChannel
only, this function is ReadOnlyChannel. If the channel has not
- ChannelNotOpen
ChannelNotOpen
been opened, this function is ChannelNotOpen.
- c. A closing function, which is called with the channel as its
- argument and performs any action necessary for the graceful
- termination of input and/or output operations to that channel.
- ChannelNotOpen
ChannelNotOpen
If the channel is not open, this function is ChannelNotOpen.
- The other information associated with a channel includes the current
- Posn
Posn
position in the output line (used by Posn), the maximum line length allowed
- LineLength
LineLength
(used by LineLength and the printing functions), the single character input
- backup buffer (used by the token scanner), and other system-dependent
- information.
- Ordinarily, the user need not be aware of the existence of this
- mechanism. However, because of its generality, it is possible to implement
- operations other than just reading from and writing to files using it. In
- Explode Compress
Explode Compress
particular, the LISP functions Explode and Compress are performed by
- ____ ____
writing to a list and reading from a list, respectively (on channels 3 and
- 4 respectively).
- Ordinarily, user interaction with the system is done by reading from the
- standard input channel and writing to the standard output channel. These
- are 0 and 1 respectively, to which the GLOBAL variables STDIN!* and
- STDOUT!* are bound. These channels usually refer to the user's terminal,
- and cannot be closed. Other files are accessed by calling the function
- Open
Open
Open, which returns a channel. Most functions which perform input and
- output come in two forms, one which takes a channel as its first argument,
- Rds
Rds
and one which uses the "currently selected channel". The functions Rds and
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.2 page 12.3
- Wrs
Wrs
Wrs are used to change the currently selected input and output channels.
- The GLOBAL variables IN!* and OUT!* are bound to these channels.
- GLOBAL variables containing information about channels are listed below.
- __________ ______
IN!* [Initially: 0] global
- Contains the currently selected input channel. This is changed
- Rds
Rds
by the function Rds.
- __________ ______
OUT!* [Initially: 1] global
- Contains the currently selected output channel. This is changed
- Wrs
Wrs
by the function Wrs.
- __________ ______
STDIN!* [Initially: 0] global
- The standard input channel.
- __________ ______
STDOUT!* [Initially: 1] global
- The standard output channel.
- __________ ______
BREAKIN!* [Initially: NIL] global
- BREAK
BREAK
The channel from which the BREAK loop gets its input. It has
- been set to default to STDIN!*, but may have to be changed on
- some systems with buffered-IO.
- __________ ______
BREAKOUT!* [Initially: NIL] global
- BREAK
BREAK
The channel to which the BREAK loop sends its output. It has
- been set to default to STDOUT!*, but may have to be changed on
- some systems with buffered-IO.
- __________ ______
HELPIN!* [Initially: NIL] global
- Help
Help
The channel used for input by the Help mechanism.
- __________ ______
HELPOUT!* [Initially: NIL] global
- Help
Help
The channel used for output by the Help mechanism.
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.4 section 12.2
- __________ ______
ERROUT!* [Initially: 1] global
- ErrorPrintF
ErrorPrintF
The channel used by the ErrorPrintF.
- __________ ______
PROMPTSTRING!* [Initially: "lisp>"] global
- Displayed as a prompt when any input is taken from TTY. Thus
- prompts should not be directly printed. Instead the value should
- be bound to PROMPTSTRING!*.
- 12.3. Opening, Closing, and Selecting Channels
12.3. Opening, Closing, and Selecting Channels
12.3. Opening, Closing, and Selecting Channels
- Open
Open ________ ______ __________ __ _______ __ _______ ____
(Open FILENAME:string ACCESSTYPE:id): CHANNEL:io-channel expr
- Eq
__________ Eq
If ACCESSTYPE is Eq to INPUT or OUTPUT, an attempt is made to
- ________
access the system-dependent FILENAME for reading or writing. If
- the attempt is unsuccessful, an error is generated; otherwise a
- free channel is returned and initialized to the default
- conditions for ordinary file input or output.
- Eq
__________ Eq
If ACCESSTYPE is Eq to SPECIAL and the GLOBAL variables
- SPECIALREADFUNCTION!*, SPECIALWRITEFUNCTION!*, and
- __
SPECIALCLOSEFUNCTION!* are bound to ids, then a free channel is
- returned and its associated functions are set to the values of
- these variables. Other non system-dependent status is set to
- default conditions, which can later be overridden. The functions
- ReadOnlyChannel WriteOnlyChannel
ReadOnlyChannel WriteOnlyChannel
ReadOnlyChannel and WriteOnlyChannel are available as error
- ________
handlers. The parameter FILENAME is used only if an error
- occurs.
- [??? We should replace these globals and SPECIAL option by a
[??? We should replace these globals and SPECIAL option by a
[??? We should replace these globals and SPECIAL option by a
- (SPECIALOPEN Readfunction writefunction closefunction) call
(SPECIALOPEN Readfunction writefunction closefunction) call
(SPECIALOPEN Readfunction writefunction closefunction) call
- ???]
???]
???]
- If none of these conditions hold, a file is not available, or
- there are no free channels, an error is generated.
- ***** Unknown access type
- ***** Improperly set-up special IO open call
- ***** File not found
- ***** No free channels
- FileP
FileP
One can use FileP to find out whether a file exists.
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.3 page 12.5
- FileP
FileP ____ ______ _______ ____
(FileP NAME:string): boolean expr
- ____
This function will return T if file NAME can be opened, and NIL
- if not, e.g. if it does not exist.
- Close
Close _______ __ _______ __ _______ ____
(Close CHANNEL:io-channel): io-channel expr
- _______
The closing function associated with CHANNEL is called, with
- _______ _______
CHANNEL as its argument. If it is illegal to close CHANNEL, if
- _______ _______
CHANNEL is not open, or if CHANNEL is associated with a file and
- the file cannot be closed by the operating system, this function
- _______
generates an error. Otherwise, CHANNEL is marked as free and is
- returned.
- Shut
Shut _ ______ ____ ________ _____
(Shut [L:string]): None Returned macro
- Shut
_ Shut
Closes the output files in the list L. Note that Shut takes file
- Close
Close __ _______
names as arguments, while Close takes an io-channel. The RLISP
- IN
IN
IN function maintains a stack of file-name . io-channel
- shut
shut
associations for this purpose. Thus a shut will also correctly
- select the previous file for further output.
- EvShut
EvShut _ ______ ____ ____ ________ ____
(EvShut L:string-list): none Returned expr
- Shut
Shut
Does the same as Shut but evaluates its arguments.
- Rds
Rds _______ __ _______ ___ __ _______ ____
(Rds {CHANNEL:io-channel, NIL}): io-channel expr
- Rds
Rds
Rds sets IN!* to the value of its argument, and returns the
- previous value of IN!*. In addition, if SPECIALRDSACTION!* is
- non-NIL, it should be a function of 2 arguments, which is called
- _______ _______
with the old CHANNEL as its first argument and the new CHANNEL as
- Rds Rds
Rds Rds
its second argument. Rds(NIL) does the same as Rds(STDIN!*).
- Wrs
Wrs _______ __ _______ ___ __ _______ ____
(Wrs {CHANNEL:io-channel, NIL}): io-channel expr
- Wrs
Wrs
Wrs sets OUT!* to the value of its argument and returns the
- previous value of OUT!*. In addition, if SPECIALWRSACTION!* is
- non-NIL, it should be a function of 2 arguments, which is called
- _______ _______
with the old CHANNEL as its first argument and the new CHANNEL as
- Wrs Wrs
Wrs Wrs
its second argument. Wrs(NIL) does the same as Wrs(STDOUT!*).
- Out
Out _ ______ ____ ________ _____
(Out U:string): None Returned macro
- _
Opens file U for output, redirecting standard output. Note that
- Out Wrs
Out ______ Wrs __ _______
Out takes a string as an argument, while Wrs takes an io-channel.
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.6 section 12.3
- EvOut
EvOut _ ______ ____ ____ ________ ____
(EvOut L:string-list): None Returned expr
- _
L is a list containing one file name which must be a string.
- EvOut Out
EvOut Out
EvOut is the called by Out after evaluating its argument.
- The reading and writing functions come in two flavors: those that read or
- RDS WRS
RDS WRS
write to the current channel, as set by a previous RDS or WRS into IN!* or
- OUT!*, and those that explicitly designate the desired input or output
- Channel
Channel
channel. The latter typically have a Channel as part of their name.
- ________
The following GLOBALs are used by the functions in this section.
- __________ ______
SPECIALCLOSEFUNCTION!* [Initially: NIL] global
- __________ ______
SPECIALRDSACTION!* [Initially: NIL] global
- __________ ______
SPECIALREADFUNCTION!* [Initially: NIL] global
- __________ ______
SPECIALWRITEFUNCTION!* [Initially: NIL] global
- __________ ______
SPECIALWRSACTION!* [Initially: NIL] global
- 12.4. Functions for Printing
12.4. Functions for Printing
12.4. Functions for Printing
- ChannelWriteChar
ChannelWriteChar _______ __ _______ __ _________ _________ ____
(ChannelWriteChar CHANNEL:io-channel CH:character): character expr
- _______
Write one character to CHANNEL. All output is defined in terms
- __
of this function. If CH is equal to char EOL (ASCII LF, 8#12)
- _______
the line counter POSN associated with CHANNEL is set to zero.
- Otherwise, it is increased by one. The writing function
- _______ _______ __
associated with CHANNEL is called with CHANNEL and CH as its
- arguments.
- WriteChar
WriteChar __ _________ _________ ____
(WriteChar CH:character): character expr
- Write single character to current output.
- (de WRITECHAR (CH)
- (CHANNELWRITECHAR OUT!* CH))
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.4 page 12.7
- ChannelPrin1
ChannelPrin1 ____ __ _______ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____
(ChannelPrin1 CHAN:io-channel ITM:any): ITM:any expr
- ChannelPrin1
ChannelPrin1
ChannelPrin1 is the basic LISP printing function. For
- well-formed, non-circular (non-self-referential) structures, the
- Read
Read
result can be parsed by the function Read.
- ______
- Strings are printed surrounded by double quotes (").
- __
- Delimiters inside ids are preceded by the escape character
- (!).
- _____
- Floats are printed as {-}nnn.nnn{E{-}nn}.
- _______
- Integers are printed as {-}nnn, unless the value of
- OUTPUTBASE!* is not 10, in which case they are printed as
- {-}r#nnn; r is the value of OutPutBase!*.
- ____
- Pairs are printed in list-notation. For example,
- (a . (b . c))
- is printed as
- (a b . c)
- while
- (a . (b . (c . NIL)))
- is printed as
- (a b c)
- ______ ______
- Vectors are printed in vector-notation; a vector of three
- elements a, b, and c is printed as [a b c].
- Read
Read
The following items can be printed, but cannot be parsed by Read.
- ____ _______
- code-pointers are printed as
- ________ _____ _____ _______ _____ _______
#<Code argument-count octal-address>. where octal-address
- is the octal machine address of the entry point of the code
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.8 section 12.4
- ______ ________ _____
vector, and argument-count is the number of arguments that
- the code takes. The argument count cannot always be
- determined, in which case nothing is printed for the
- ________ _____
argument-count.
- - Anything else is printed as #<Unknown:nnnn>, where nnnn is
- the octal value found in the argument register. Such items
- are not legal LISP entities and may cause garbage collector
- errors if they are found in the heap.
- Prin1
Prin1 ___ ___ ___ ___ ____
(Prin1 ITM:any): ITM:any expr
- ErrPrin
ErrPrin _ ___ ____ ________ ____
(ErrPrin U:any): None Returned expr
- Prin1
Prin1 _
Prin1 with special quotes to highlight U.
- ChannelPrin2
ChannelPrin2 ____ __ _______ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____
(ChannelPrin2 CHAN:io-channel ITM:any): ITM:any expr
- ChannelPrin2 ChannelPrin1
ChannelPrin2 ChannelPrin1 ______
ChannelPrin2 is similar to ChannelPrin1, except that strings are
- printed without the surrounding double quotes, and delimiters
- __
within ids are not preceded by the escape character.
- Prin2
Prin2 ___ ___ ___ ___ ____
(Prin2 ITM:any): ITM:any expr
- ChannelPrinC
ChannelPrinC ____ __ _______ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____
(ChannelPrinC CHAN:io-channel ITM:any): ITM:any expr
- ChannelPrint2
ChannelPrint2
Same function as ChannelPrint2.
- PrinC
PrinC ___ ___ ___ ___ ____
(PrinC ITM:any): ITM:any expr
- Prin2
Prin2
Same function as Prin2.
- ChannelPrint
ChannelPrint ____ __ _______ _ ___ _ ___ ____
(ChannelPrint CHAN:io-channel U:any): U:any expr
- ChannelPrin1
_ ChannelPrin1
Display U using ChannelPrin1 and terminate line using
- ChannelTerpri
ChannelTerpri
ChannelTerpri.
- Print
Print _ ___ _ ___ ____
(Print U:any): U:any expr
- ChannelPrint
ChannelPrint _
ChannelPrint U to current output channel, OUT!*.
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.4 page 12.9
- ChannelPrintF
ChannelPrintF ____ __ _______ ______ ______ ____ ___ ___ ____
(ChannelPrintF CHAN:io-channel FORMAT:string [ARGS:any]): NIL expr
- ChannelPrintF
ChannelPrintF
ChannelPrintF is a simple routine for formatted printing, similar
- ______
to the function with the same name in the C language[22]. FORMAT
- ______
is either a LISP or SYSLISP string, which is printed on the
- currently selected output channel. However, if a % is
- ______
encountered in the string, the character following it is a
- formatting directive, used to interpret and print the other
- ChannelPrintF
ChannelPrintF
arguments to ChannelPrintF in order. The following format
- characters are currently supported:
- - For SYSLISP arguments, use:
- _______
%d print the next argument as a decimal integer
- _______
%o print the next argument as an octal integer
- _______
%x print the next argument as a hexadecimal integer
- %c print the next argument as a single character
- ______
%s print the next argument as a string
- - For LISP tagged items, use:
- %p print the next argument as a LISP item, using
- Prin1
Prin1
Prin1
- %w print the next argument as a LISP item, using
- Prin2
Prin2
Prin2
- %r print the next argument as a LISP item, using
- ErrPrin Prin2 Prin1 Prin2
ErrPrin Prin2 Prin1 Prin2
ErrPrin (Ordinarily Prin2 "`"; Prin1 Arg; Prin2
- "'" )
- %l same as %w, except lists are printed without top
- level parens; NIL is printed as a blank
- %e eval the next argument for side-effect -- most
- eval
eval
useful if the thing evaled does some printing
- - Control formats:
- %b take next argument as an integer and print that
- many blanks
- %f "fresh-line", print an end-of-line character if
- not at the beginning of the output line (does not
- use a matching argument)
- %n print end-of-line character (does not use a
- matching argument)
- %t take the next argument as an integer, and
- ChannelTab
ChannelTab
ChannelTab to that position
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.10 section 12.4
- If the character following % is not either one of the above or
- another %, it causes an error. Thus, to include a % in the
- format to be printed, use %%.
- There is no checking for correspondence between the number of
- ______
arguments the FORMAT expects and the number given. If the number
- ______
given is less than the number in the FORMAT string, then garbage
- will be inserted for the missing arguments. If the number given
- ______
is greater than the number in the FORMAT string, then the extra
- ones are ignored.
- PrintF
PrintF ______ ______ ____ ___ ___ ____
(PrintF FORMAT:string [ARGS:any]): NIL expr
- ChannelPrintF
ChannelPrintF
ChannelPrintF to the current output channel, OUT!*.
- ErrorPrintF
ErrorPrintF ______ ______ ____ ___ ___ ____
(ErrorPrintF FORMAT:string [ARGS:any]): NIL expr
- ErrorPrintF PrintF
ErrorPrintF PrintF
ErrorPrintF is similar to PrintF, except that instead of using
- the currently selected output channel, ERROUT!* is used. Also,
- an end-of-line character is always printed after the message, and
- an end-of-line character is printed before the message if the
- line position of ERROUT!* is greater than zero.
- ChannelTerPri
ChannelTerPri ____ __ _______ ___ ____
(ChannelTerPri CHAN:io-channel): NIL expr
- ____
Terminate OUTPUT line on channel CHAN, and reset the POSN counter
- to 0.
- TerPri
TerPri ___ ____
(TerPri ): NIL expr
- Terminate current OUTPUT line, and reset the POSN counter to 0.
- ChannelEject
ChannelEject ____ __ _______ ___ ____
(ChannelEject CHAN:io-channel): NIL expr
- ____
Skip to top of next output page on channel CHAN.
- Eject
Eject ___ ____
(Eject ): NIL expr
- Skip to top of next output page on current output channel.
- ChannelPosn
ChannelPosn ____ __ _______ _______ ____
(ChannelPosn CHAN:io-channel): integer expr
- Returns number of characters output on this line (i.e. POSN
- counter since last Terpri) on this channel.
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.4 page 12.11
- Posn
Posn _______ ____
(Posn ): integer expr
- Returns number of characters output on this line (i.e. POSN
- counter since last Terpri)
- ChannelLPosn
ChannelLPosn ____ __ _______ _______ ____
(ChannelLPosn CHAN:io-channel): integer expr
- LPosn
LPosn
Returns number of lines output on this page (i.e. LPosn counter
- since last Eject) on this channel.
- LPosn
LPosn _______ ____
(LPosn ): integer expr
- LPosn
LPosn
Returns number of lines output on this page (i.e. LPosn counter
- since last Eject).
- ChannelLineLength
ChannelLineLength ____ __ _______ ___ _______ ___ _______ ____
(ChannelLineLength CHAN:io-channel LEN:{integer, NIL}): integer expr
- ____ _______
Set maximum output line length on CHAN if a positive integer,
- returning previous value. If NIL just return previous value.
- Terpri
Terpri
Controls the insertion of automatic Terpri's.
- LineLength
LineLength ___ _______ ___ _______ ____
(LineLength LEN:{integer, NIL}): integer expr
- Set maximum output line length on current channel OUT!* if a
- _______
positive integer, returning previous value. If NIL just return
- Terpri
Terpri
previous value. Controls the insertion of automatic Terpri's.
- RPrint
RPrint _ ____ ___ ____
(RPrint U:form): NIL expr
- Print in RLISP format. Autoloading.
- PrettyPrint
PrettyPrint _ ____ _ ____
(PrettyPrint U:form): U expr
- _
Prettyprints U. Autoloading.
- Prin2L
Prin2L _ ___ _ ____
(Prin2L L:any): L expr
- Prin2
Prin2 ____
Prin2, except that a list is printed without the top level
- parens.
- ChannelSpaces
ChannelSpaces ____ __ _______ _ _______ ___ ____
(ChannelSpaces CHAN:io-channel N:integer): NIL expr
- ChannelPrin2
ChannelPrin2 _ _
ChannelPrin2 N spaces. Will continue across multiple lines if N
- is greater than the number of positions in the output buffer.
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.12 section 12.4
- POSN LINELENGTH
POSN LINELENGTH
(See POSN and LINELENGTH)
- Spaces
Spaces _ _______ ___ ____
(Spaces N:integer): NIL expr
- Prin2
Prin2 _
Prin2 N spaces.
- ChannelPrin2T
ChannelPrin2T ____ __ _______ _ ___ ___ ____
(ChannelPrin2T CHAN:io-channel X:any): any expr
- ChannelPrin2
_ ChannelPrin2
Output X using ChannelPrin2 and terminate line with
- ChannelTerpri
ChannelTerpri
ChannelTerpri.
- Prin2T
Prin2T _ ___ ___ ____
(Prin2T X:any): any expr
- ChannelPrin2T
ChannelPrin2T _
ChannelPrin2T X to the current output channel, OUT!*.
- ChannelTab
ChannelTab ____ __ _______ _ _______ ___ ____
(ChannelTab CHAN:io-channel N:integer): NIL expr
- _ ____
Move to position N on channel CHAN, emitting spaces as needed.
- ChannelTerPri
ChannelTerPri _
Calls ChannelTerPri if past column N.
- Tab
Tab _ _______ ___ ____
(Tab N:integer): NIL expr
- TerPri
_ TerPri
Move to position N, emitting spaces as needed. TerPri() if past
- _
column N.
- _________ __________
The fluid variables PRINLEVEL and PRINLENGTH allow the user to control
- how deep the printer will print and how many elements at a given level the
- printer will print. This is useful for debugging or dealing large or deep
- Prin1 Prin2 PrinC Print
Prin1 Prin2 PrinC Print
objects. These variables affect the functions Prin1, Prin2, PrinC, Print,
- PrintF
PrintF
and PrintF (and the corresponding Channel functions). The documentation of
- these variables is from the Common Lisp Manual.
- __________ ______
PRINLEVEL [Initially: Nil] global
- Controls how many levels deep a nested data object will print.
- _________
If PRINLEVEL is NIL, then no control is exercised. Otherwise the
- value should be an integer, indicating the maximum level to be
- printed. An object to be printed is at level 0.
- __________ ______
PRINLENGTH [Initially: Nil] global
- Controls how many elements at a given level are printed. A value
- of NIL indicates that there be no limit to the number of
- __________
components printed. Otherwise the value of PRINLENGTH should be
- an integer.
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.5 page 12.13
- 12.5. Functions for Reading
12.5. Functions for Reading
12.5. Functions for Reading
- 12.5.1. Reading S-Expression
12.5.1. Reading S-Expression
12.5.1. Reading S-Expression
- ChannelRead
ChannelRead ____ __ _______ ___ ____
(ChannelRead CHAN:io-channel): any expr
- ____
Reads and returns the next S-expression from input channel CHAN.
- Valid input forms are: vector-notation, pair-notation, list-
- ______ ____ _______ ______ __________
notation, numbers, code-pointers, strings, and identifiers.
- Intern
__________ Intern
Identifiers are interned (see the Intern function in Chapter 6),
- ChannelRead
ChannelRead
unless the FLUID variable !*COMPRESSING is non-NIL. ChannelRead
- returns the value of the global variable !$EOF!$ when the end of
- the currently selected input channel is reached.
- ChannelRead ChannelReadToken
ChannelRead ChannelReadToken
ChannelRead uses the ChannelReadToken function, with tokens
- scanned according to the "Lisp scan table". The user can define
- similar read functions for use with other scan tables.
- ____ _____
____ _____
____ _____
ChannelRead Read macro
ChannelRead Read macro
ChannelRead uses the Read macro mechanism to do S-expression
- parsing. See section 12.5.5 for more information on read macros
- and how to add extensions. The following read macros are defined
- initially:
- ( Starts a scan collecting S-expressions according to
- ____ ____
list or dot notation until terminated by a ). A pair
- ____
or list is returned.
- [ Starts a scan collecting S-expressions according to
- ______
vector notation until terminated by a ]. A vector is
- returned.
- Read
Read
' Calls Read to get an S-expression, x, and then returns
- Quote
Quote
the list (Quote x).
- !$EOF!$ Generates an error when still inside an S-expression:
-
- ***** Unexpected EOF while reading on channel
- . Otherwise !$EOF!$ is returned.
- Read
Read ___ ____
(Read ): any expr
- Reads and returns an S-expression from the current input channel.
- ChannelRead
ChannelRead
That is, it does a ChannelRead(IN!*).
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.14 section 12.5
- 12.5.2. Reading Files into PSL
12.5.2. Reading Files into PSL
12.5.2. Reading Files into PSL
- The following procedures are used to read complete files into PSL, by
- Open
Open
first calling Open, and then looping until end of file. The effect is
- similar to what would happen if the file were typed into PSL. Recall that
- file names are strings, and therefore one needs string-quotes (") around
- file names. File names may be given using full system dependent file name
- conventions, including directories and sub-directories, "links" and
- "logical-device-names", as appropriate on the specific system.
- __________ ______
!*ECHO [Initially: Nil] switch
- ____
The switch !*ECHO is used to control the echoing of input. When
- (On Echo) is placed in an input file, the contents of the file
- Dskin
Dskin
are echoed on the standard output device. Dskin does not change
- ____
the value of !*ECHO, so one may say (On Echo) before calling
- Dskin
Dskin
Dskin, and the input will be echoed.
- DskIn
DskIn _ ______ ____ ________ ____
(DskIn F:string): None Returned expr
- Read Eval Print
Read Eval Print _
Enters a Read-Eval-Print loop on the contents of the file F.
- DskIn
DskIn _
DskIn expects LISP syntax in the file F. Use the following
- format: (DskIn "File").
- LapIn
LapIn _ ______ ____ ________ ____
(LapIn U:string): None Returned expr
- Reads a single LISP file as "quietly" as possible, i.e., it does
- LapIn
LapIn
not echo or return values. Note that LapIn can be used only for
- LISP files. By convention, files with the extension ".LAP" are
- LapIn
LapIn
intended to be read by LapIn. These files are typically used to
- load modules made up of several binary (also known as FASL)
- Load
Load
files. The use of the Load function is normally preferable to
- LapIn
LapIn
using LapIn. For information about fast loading of files of
- Load FaslIn
Load FaslIn
compiled functions (FASL files) see FASL and the Load and FaslIn
- functions in Chapter 18.
- The following functions are present in RLISP, they can be used from
- Bare-PSL by loading RLISP.
- In
In _ ______ ____ ________ _____
(In [L:string]): None Returned macro
- DskIn
DskIn
Similar to DskIn but expects RLISP syntax in the files it reads
- unless it can determine that the files are not in RLISP syntax.
- In
In
Also In can take more than one file name as an argument. On most
- In
In
systems the function In expects files with extension .LSP and .SL
- to be written in LISP syntax, not in RLISP. This is convenient
- when using both LISP and RLISP files. It is conventional to use
- the extension .RED (or .R) for RLISP files and use .LSP or .SL
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.5 page 12.15
- only for fully parenthesized LISP files. There are some system
- programs, such as TAGS on the DEC-20, which expect RLISP files to
- have the extension .RED.
- If it is not desired to have the contents of the file echoed as
- In
In
it is read, either end the In command with a "$" in RLISP, as
- In "FILE1.RED","FILE2.SL"$
- Off
Off ____
or include the statement "Off ECHO;" in your file.
- PathIn
PathIn ________ ____ ______ ____ ________ ____
(PathIn FileName-Tail:string): None Returned expr
- IN
IN
Allows the use of a directory search path with the Rlisp IN
- function. It finds a list of search paths in the fluid variable
- PATHIN!*. These are successively concatenated onto the front of
- PathIn
PathIn
the string argument to PathIn until an existing file is found
- FileP In
FileP In
(using FileP. If one is found, In will be invoked on this file.
- If not, a continuable error occurs. For example on the VAX,
- (Setq PathIn!* '( "" "/u/psl/" "/u/smith/"))
- (PathIn "foo.red")
- will attempt to open "foo.red", then "/u/psl/foo.red", and
- finally "/u/smith/foo.red" until a successful open is achieved.
- Pathin
Pathin
To use Pathin in Bare-PSL, load PATHIN as well as RLISP.
- EvIn
EvIn _ ______ ____ ____ ________ ____
(EvIn L:string-list): None Returned expr
- EvIn
_ EvIn
L must be a list of strings that are filenames. EvIn is the
- In In
In In
function called by In after evaluating its arguments. In is
- EvIn
EvIn
useful only at the top-level, while EvIn can be used inside
- functions with file names passed as parameters.
- 12.5.3. Reading Single Characters
12.5.3. Reading Single Characters
12.5.3. Reading Single Characters
- ChannelReadChar
ChannelReadChar _______ __ _______ _________ ____
(ChannelReadChar CHANNEL:io-channel): character expr
- _______ _______
Reads one character (an integer) from CHANNEL. All input is
- _______
defined in terms of this function. If CHANNEL is not open or is
- open for writing only, an error is generated. If there is a
- _______
non-zero value in the backup buffer associated with CHANNEL, the
- buffer is emptied (set to zero) and the value returned.
- _______
Otherwise, the reading function associated with CHANNEL is called
- _______
with CHANNEL as argument, and the value it returns is returned by
- ChannelReadChar
ChannelReadChar
ChannelReadChar.
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.16 section 12.5
- ***** Channel not open
- ***** Channel open for write only
- ReadChar
ReadChar _________ ____
(ReadChar ): character expr
- Reads one character from the current input channel.
- ChannelReadCH
ChannelReadCH ____ __ _______ __ ____
(ChannelReadCH CHAN:io-channel): id expr
- ChannelReadChar
ChannelReadChar __
Like ChannelReadChar, but returns the id for the character rather
- than its ASCII code.
- ReadCH
ReadCH __ ____
(ReadCH ): id expr
- ChannelReadCH
ChannelReadCH
ChannelReadCH from the current input channel.
- ChannelUnReadChar
ChannelUnReadChar ____ __ _______ __ _________ _________ ____
(ChannelUnReadChar CHAN:io-channel CH:character): Undefined expr
- __
The input backup function. CH is deposited in the backup buffer
- ____
associated with CHAN. This function should be only called after
- ChannelReadChar
ChannelReadChar
ChannelReadChar is called, before any intervening input
- operations, since it is used by the token scanner.
- UnReadChar
UnReadChar __ _________ _________ ____
(UnReadChar CH:character): Undefined expr
- Backup on the current input channel.
- 12.5.4. Reading Tokens
12.5.4. Reading Tokens
12.5.4. Reading Tokens
- The functions described here pertain to the token scanner and reader.
- Globals and switches used by these functions are defined at the end of this
- section.
- ChannelReadToken
ChannelReadToken _______ __ _______ __ ______ ______ ____
(ChannelReadToken CHANNEL:io-channel): {id, number, string} expr
- This is the basic LISP token scanner. The value returned is a
- LISP item corresponding to the next token from the input stream.
- __
Ids are interned, unless the FLUID variable !*COMPRESSING is
- non-NIL. The GLOBAL variable TOKTYPE!* is set to:
- __
0 if the token is an ordinary id,
- ______
1 if the token is a string,
- ______
2 if the token is a number, or
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.5 page 12.17
- 3 if the token is an unescaped delimiter.
- __
In the last case, the value returned is the id whose print name
- is the same as the delimiter.
- The precise behavior of this function depends on two FLUID
- variables:
- CURRENTSCANTABLE!*
- ______
Is bound to a vector known as a scan table. Described
- below.
- CURRENTREADMACROINDICATOR!*
- __
Bound to an id known as a read macro indicator.
- Described below.
- Scan tables have 129 entries, indexed by 0 through 128. 0
- _______
through 127 are indexed by ASCII character code to get an integer
- code determining the treatment of the corresponding character.
- _______ __
The last entry is not an integer, but rather an id which
- _________ _________
specifies a Diphthong Indicator for the token scanner.
- [??? A future implementation may replace the FLUID
[??? A future implementation may replace the FLUID
[??? A future implementation may replace the FLUID
- CURRENTREADMACROINDICATOR!* with another entry in the scan
CURRENTREADMACROINDICATOR!* with another entry in the scan
CURRENTREADMACROINDICATOR!* with another entry in the scan
- table. ???]
table. ???]
table. ???]
- The following encoding for characters is used.
- 0 ... 9 DIGIT: indicates the character is a digit, and gives
- the corresponding numeric value.
- 10 LETTER: indicates that the character is a letter.
- 11 DELIMITER: indicates that the character is a delimiter
- which is not the starting character of a diphthong.
- 12 COMMENT: indicates that the character begins a comment
- terminated by an end of line.
- 13 DIPHTHONG: indicates that the character is a delimiter
- which may be the starting character of a diphthong. (A
- diphthong is a two character sequence read as one
- token, i.e., "<<" or ":=".)
- 14 IDESCAPE: indicates that the character is an escape
- character, to cause the following character to be taken
- __
as part of an id. (Ordinarily an exclamation point,
- i.e. "!".)
- 15 STRINGQUOTE: indicates that the character is a string
- quote. (Ordinarily a double quote, i.e. '"'.)
- 16 PACKAGE: indicates that the character is used to
- introduce explicit package names. (Ordinarily "\".)
- 17 IGNORE: indicates that the character is to be ignored.
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.18 section 12.5
- (Ordinarily BLANK, TAB, EOL and NULL.)
- 18 MINUS: indicates that the character is a minus sign.
- 19 PLUS: indicates that the character is a plus sign.
- 20 DECIMAL: indicates that the character is a decimal
- point.
- 21 IDSURROUND: indicates that the character is to act for
- identifiers as a string quote acts for strings.
- Although this is not used in the default scan table,
- the intended character for this function is a vertical
- bar, |.)
- System builders who wish to define their own parsers can bind an
- appropriate scan table to CURRENTSCANTABLE!* and then call
- ChannelReadToken ChannelReadTokenWithHooks
ChannelReadToken ChannelReadTokenWithHooks
ChannelReadToken or ChannelReadTokenWithHooks for lexical
- scanning. Utility functions for building scan tables are
- described in the next section.
- The following standards for scanning tokens are used.
- __
- Ids begin with a letter or any character preceded by an
- escape character. They may contain letters, digits and
- __
escaped characters. Ids may also start with a digit, if the
- first non-digit following is a plus sign, minus sign, or
- letter other than "b" or "e". This is to allow identifiers
- such as "1+" which occur in some LISPs. Finally, a string
- of characters bounded by the IDSURROUND character is treated
- __
as an id.
- If !*RAISE is non-NIL, unescaped lower case letters are
- __
folded to upper case. The maximum size of an id (or any
- other token) is currently 5000 characters.
- __________
Note: Using lower case letters in identifiers may cause
- portability problems. Lower case letters are automatically
- converted to upper case if the !*RAISE switch is T. This
- __
case conversion is done only for id input, not for single
- character or string input.
- [??? Can we retain input Case, but Compare RAISEd ???]
[??? Can we retain input Case, but Compare RAISEd ???]
[??? Can we retain input Case, but Compare RAISEd ???]
- Here are some examples, using the RLISP scan table. Note
- that the first and second examples are read as the same
- identifier if !*RAISE is T. The fourth and fifth examples
- are read as the same identifier.
- * ThisIsALongIdentifier
- * THISISALONGIDENTIFIER
- * ThisIsALongIdentifierAndDifferentFromTheOther
- * this_is_a_long_identifier_with_underscores
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.5 page 12.19
- * this!_is!_a!_long!_identifier!_with!_underscores
- * an!-identifier!-with!-dashes
- * !*RAISE
- * !2222
- The following examples show the same identifiers in a form
- accepted by the LISP scan table. Note that most characters
- are treated as letters by the LISP scan table, while they
- are treated as delimiters by the RLISP scan table.
- * ThisIsALongIdentifier
- * THISISALONGIDENTIFIER
- * ThisIsALongIdentifierAndDifferentFromTheOther
- * this_is_a_long_identifier_with_underscores
- * this!_is!_a!_long!_identifier!_with!_underscores
- * an-identifier-with-dashes
- * *RAISE
- * !2222
- ______
- Strings begin with a double quote (") and include all
- characters up to a closing double quote. A double quote can
- ______ ______
be included in a string by doubling it. An empty string,
- consisting of only the enclosing quote marks, is allowed.
- ______
The characters of a string are not affected by the value of
- the !*RAISE. Examples:
- * "This is a string"
- * "This is a ""string"""
- * ""
- ____ _______
- Code-pointers cannot be read directly, but can be printed
- and constructed. Currently printed as
- ________ _____ _____ _______
#<Code argument-count octal-address>.
- _______
- Integers begin with a digit, optionally preceded by a + or
- - sign, and consist only of digits. The GLOBAL input radix
- is 10; there is no way to change this. However, numbers of
- different radices may be read by the following convention.
- A decimal number from 2 to 36 followed by a sharp sign (#),
- causes the digits (and possibly letters) that follow to be
- 2
- read in the radix of the number preceding the #. Thus 63
- _______________
- 2
- Octal numbers can also be written as a string of digits followed by the
- letter "B". This "feature" may be removed in the future.
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.20 section 12.5
- may be entered as 8#77, or 255 as 16#ff or 16#FF. The
- output radix can be changed, by setting OUTPUTBASE!*. If
- _______
OutPutBase!* is not 10, the printed integer appears with
- appropriate radix. Leading zeros are suppressed and a minus
- _______
sign precedes the digits if the integer is negative.
- Examples:
- * 100
- * +5234
- * -8#44 (equal to -36)
- [??? Should we permit trailing . in integers for
[??? Should we permit trailing . in integers for
[??? Should we permit trailing . in integers for
- compatibility with some LISPs and require digits on each
compatibility with some LISPs and require digits on each
compatibility with some LISPs and require digits on each
- side of . for floats ???]
side of . for floats ???]
side of . for floats ???]
- _____
- Floats have a period and/or a letter "e" or "E" in them.
- _____
Any of the following are read as floats. The value appears
- in the format [-]n.nn...nnE[-]mm if the magnitude of the
- number is too large or small to display in [-]nnnn.nnnn
- format. The crossover point is determined by the
- _____
implementation. In BNF, floats are recognized by the
- grammar:
- <base> ::= <unsigned-integer>.|
- .<unsigned-integer>|
- <unsigned-integer>.<unsigned-integer>
- <ebase> ::= <base>|<unsigned-integer>
- <unsigned-float> ::= <base>|
- <ebase>e<unsigned-integer>|
- <ebase>e-<unsigned-integer>|
- <ebase>e+<unsigned-integer>|
- <ebase>E<unsigned-integer>|
- <ebase>E-<unsigned-integer>|
- <ebase>E+<unsigned-integer>
- <float> ::= <unsigned-float>|
- +<unsigned-float>|
- -<unsigned-float>
- That is:
- * [+|-][nnn][.]nnn{e|E}[+|-]nnn
- * nnn.
- * .nnn
- * nnn.nnn
- Examples:
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.5 page 12.21
- * 1e6
- * .2
- * 2.
- * 2.0
- * -1.25E-9
- RAtom
RAtom __ ______ ______ ____
(RAtom ): {id, number, string} expr
- Reads a token from the current input channel. (Not called
- ReadToken
ReadToken
ReadToken for historical reasons.)
- [??? Should we bind CurrentScanTable!* for this function too
[??? Should we bind CurrentScanTable!* for this function too
[??? Should we bind CurrentScanTable!* for this function too
- ???]
???]
???]
- __________ ______
!*COMPRESSING [Initially: NIL] switch
- ChannelReadToken
ChannelReadToken
If !*COMPRESSING is non-NIL, ChannelReadToken does not intern
- __
ids.
- __________ ______
!*EOLINSTRINGOK [Initially: NIL] switch
- If !*EOLINSTRINGOK is non-NIL, the warning message
- *** STRING CONTINUED OVER END-OF-LINE
- is suppressed.
- __________ ______
!*RAISE [Initially: T] switch
- __
If !*RAISE is non-NIL, all characters input for ids through PSL
- input functions are raised to upper case. If !*RAISE is NIL,
- ______
characters are input as is. A string is unaffected by !*RAISE.
- __________ ______
CURRENTSCANTABLE!* [Initially: ] global
- Read
Read
This variable is set to LISPSCANTABLE!* by the Read function (the
- "Lisp syntax" reader). The RLISP reader sets it to
- RLISPSCANTABLE!* or LISPSCANTABLE!* depending on the syntax it
- expects.
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.22 section 12.5
- __________ ______
LISPSCANTABLE!* [Initially: as shown in following table] global
- 0 ^@ IGNORE 32 IGNORE 64 @ LETTER 96 ` DELIMITER
- 1 ^A LETTER 33 ! IDESCAPECHAR 65 A LETTER 97 a LETTER
- 2 ^B LETTER 34 " STRINGQUOTE 66 B LETTER 98 b LETTER
- 3 ^C LETTER 35 # LETTER 67 C LETTER 99 c LETTER
- 4 ^D LETTER 36 $ LETTER 68 D LETTER 100 d LETTER
- 5 ^E LETTER 37 % COMMENTCHAR 69 E LETTER 101 e LETTER
- 6 ^F LETTER 38 & LETTER 70 F LETTER 102 f LETTER
- 7 ^G LETTER 39 ' DELIMITER 71 G LETTER 103 g LETTER
- 8 ^H LETTER 40 ( DELIMITER 72 H LETTER 104 h LETTER
- 9 <tab> IGNORE 41 ) DELIMITER 73 I LETTER 105 i LETTER
- 10 <lf> IGNORE 42 * LETTER 74 J LETTER 106 j LETTER
- 11 ^K LETTER 43 + PLUSSIGN 75 K LETTER 107 k LETTER
- 12 ^L IGNORE 44 , DIPHTHONGSTART 76 L LETTER 108 l LETTER
- 13 <cr> IGNORE 45 - MINUSSIGN 77 M LETTER 109 m LETTER
- 14 ^N LETTER 46 . DECIMALPOINT 78 N LETTER 110 n LETTER
- 15 ^O LETTER 47 / LETTER 79 O LETTER 111 o LETTER
- 16 ^P LETTER 48 0 DIGIT 80 P LETTER 112 p LETTER
- 17 ^Q LETTER 49 1 DIGIT 81 Q LETTER 113 q LETTER
- 18 ^R LETTER 50 2 DIGIT 82 R LETTER 114 r LETTER
- 19 ^S LETTER 51 3 DIGIT 83 S LETTER 115 s LETTER
- 20 ^T LETTER 52 4 DIGIT 84 T LETTER 116 t LETTER
- 21 ^U LETTER 53 5 DIGIT 85 U LETTER 117 u LETTER
- 22 ^V LETTER 54 6 DIGIT 86 V LETTER 118 v LETTER
- 23 ^W LETTER 55 7 DIGIT 87 W LETTER 119 w LETTER
- 24 ^X LETTER 56 8 DIGIT 88 X LETTER 120 x LETTER
- 25 ^Y LETTER 57 9 DIGIT 89 Y LETTER 121 y LETTER
- 26 ^Z DELIMITER 58 : LETTER 90 Z LETTER 122 z LETTER
- 27 $ LETTER 59 ; LETTER 91 [ DELIMITER 123 { LETTER
- 28 ^\ LETTER 60 < LETTER 92 \ PACKAGE 124 | LETTER
- 29 ^] LETTER 61 = LETTER 93 ] DELIMITER 125 } LETTER
- 30 ^^ LETTER 62 > LETTER 94 ^ LETTER 126 ~ LETTER
- 31 ^_ LETTER 63 ? LETTER 95 _ LETTER 127 <rubout>
- LETTER
- _________ _________
The Diphthong Indicator in the 128th entry is the identifier
- LISPDIPTHONG.
- [??? Note that LISPDIPTHONG should be spelled LISPDIPHTHONG, this will
[??? Note that LISPDIPTHONG should be spelled LISPDIPHTHONG, this will
[??? Note that LISPDIPTHONG should be spelled LISPDIPHTHONG, this will
- probably be corrected in the future. ???]
probably be corrected in the future. ???]
probably be corrected in the future. ???]
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.5 page 12.23
- __________ ______
RLISPSCANTABLE!* [Initially: as shown in following table] global
- 0 ^@ IGNORE 32 IGNORE 64 @ DELIMITER 96 ` DELIMITER
- 1 ^A DELIMITER 33 ! IDESCAPECHAR 65 A LETTER 97 a LETTER
- 2 ^B DELIMITER 34 " STRINGQUOTE 66 B LETTER 98 b LETTER
- 3 ^C DELIMITER 35 # DELIMITER 67 C LETTER 99 c LETTER
- 4 ^D DELIMITER 36 $ DELIMITER 68 D LETTER 100 d LETTER
- 5 ^E DELIMITER 37 % COMMENTCHAR 69 E LETTER 101 e LETTER
- 6 ^F DELIMITER 38 & DELIMITER 70 F LETTER 102 f LETTER
- 7 ^G DELIMITER 39 ' DELIMITER 71 G LETTER 103 g LETTER
- 8 ^H DELIMITER 40 ( DELIMITER 72 H LETTER 104 h LETTER
- 9 <tab> IGNORE 41 ) DELIMITER 73 I LETTER 105 i LETTER
- 10 <lf> IGNORE 42 * DIPHTHONGSTART 74 J LETTER 106 j LETTER
- 11 ^K DELIMITER 43 + DELIMITER 75 K LETTER 107 k LETTER
- 12 ^L IGNORE 44 , DELIMITER 76 L LETTER 108 l LETTER
- 13 <cr> IGNORE 45 - DELIMITER 77 M LETTER 109 m LETTER
- 14 ^N DELIMITER 46 . DECIMALPOINT 78 N LETTER 110 n LETTER
- 15 ^O DELIMITER 47 / DELIMITER 79 O LETTER 111 o LETTER
- 16 ^P DELIMITER 48 0 DIGIT 80 P LETTER 112 p LETTER
- 17 ^Q DELIMITER 49 1 DIGIT 81 Q LETTER 113 q LETTER
- 18 ^R DELIMITER 50 2 DIGIT 82 R LETTER 114 r LETTER
- 19 ^S DELIMITER 51 3 DIGIT 83 S LETTER 115 s LETTER
- 20 ^T DELIMITER 52 4 DIGIT 84 T LETTER 116 t LETTER
- 21 ^U DELIMITER 53 5 DIGIT 85 U LETTER 117 u LETTER
- 22 ^V DELIMITER 54 6 DIGIT 86 V LETTER 118 v LETTER
- 23 ^W DELIMITER 55 7 DIGIT 87 W LETTER 119 w LETTER
- 24 ^X DELIMITER 56 8 DIGIT 88 X LETTER 120 x LETTER
- 25 ^Y DELIMITER 57 9 DIGIT 89 Y LETTER 121 y LETTER
- 26 ^Z DELIMITER 58 : DIPHTHONGSTART 90 Z LETTER 122 z LETTER
- 27 $ DELIMITER 59 ; DELIMITER 91 [ DELIMITER 123 { DELIMITER
- 28 ^\ DELIMITER 60 < DIPHTHONGSTART 92 \ PACKAGE 124 | DELIMITER
- 29 ^] DELIMITER 61 = DELIMITER 93 ] DELIMITER 125 } DELIMITER
- 30 ^^ DELIMITER 62 > DIPHTHONGSTART 94 ^ DELIMITER 126 ~ DELIMITER
- 31 ^_ DELIMITER 63 ? DELIMITER 95 _ LETTER 127 <rubout>
- DELIMITER
- _________ _________
The Diphthong Indicator in the 128th entry is the identifier
- RLISPDIPTHONG.
- [??? Note that RLISPDIPTHONG should be spelled RLISPDIPHTHONG, this
[??? Note that RLISPDIPTHONG should be spelled RLISPDIPHTHONG, this
[??? Note that RLISPDIPTHONG should be spelled RLISPDIPHTHONG, this
- will probably be corrected in the future. ???]
will probably be corrected in the future. ???]
will probably be corrected in the future. ???]
- [??? What about the RlispRead scantable ???]
[??? What about the RlispRead scantable ???]
[??? What about the RlispRead scantable ???]
- [??? Perhaps describe one basic table, and changes from one to other,
[??? Perhaps describe one basic table, and changes from one to other,
[??? Perhaps describe one basic table, and changes from one to other,
- since mostly the same ???]
since mostly the same ???]
since mostly the same ???]
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.24 section 12.5
- __________ ______
OUTPUTBASE!* [Initially: 10] global
- This global can be set to control the radix in which integers are
- printed out. If the radix is not 10, the radix is given before a
- sharp sign, e.g. 8#20 is"20" in base 8, or 16.
- __________ ______
TOKTYPE!* [Initially: 3] global
- ChannelReadToken
ChannelReadToken
ChannelReadToken sets TOKTYPE!* to:
- __
0 if the token is an ordinary id,
- ______
1 if the token is a string,
- ______
2 if the token is a number, or
- 3 if the token is an unescaped delimiter.
- __
In the last case, the value returned is the id whose print name
- is the same as the delimiter.
- 12.5.5. Read Macros
12.5.5. Read Macros
12.5.5. Read Macros
- Channel Token
Channel Token
A function of two arguments (Channel, Token) can be associated with any
- DELIMITER or DIPHTHONG token (i.e. those that have TOKTYPE!*=3) by calling
- PutReadMacro ChannelReadTokenWithHooks
PutReadMacro _________ ChannelReadTokenWithHooks
PutReadMacro. A ReadMacro function is called by ChannelReadTokenWithHooks
- ChannelReadToken
ChannelReadToken
if the appropriate token with TOKTYPE!*=3 is returned by ChannelReadToken.
- This function can then take over the reading (or scanning) process, finally
- returning a token (actually an S-expression) to be returned in place of the
- token itself.
- Quote
Quote
Example: The quote mark, 'x converting to (Quote x), is done by the
- PutReadMacro
PutReadMacro
following example which makes use of the function PutReadMacro which is
- defined in Section 12.6.
- In LISP:
- (de DOQUOTE (CHANNEL TOKEN))
- (LIST 'QUOTE (CHANNELREAD CHANNEL))
- (PUTREADMACRO LISPSCANTABLE!* '!' (FUNCTION DOQUOTE))
- _________
A ReadMacro is installed on the property list of the macro-character as a
- function under the indicators 'LISPREADMACRO, 'RLISPREADMACRO, etc. A
- _________
Diphthong is installed on the property list of the first character as
- (second-character . diphthong) under the indicators 'LISPDIPHTHONG,
- 'RLISPDIPHTHONG, etc.
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.6 page 12.25
- 12.6. Scan Table Utility Functions
12.6. Scan Table Utility Functions
12.6. Scan Table Utility Functions
- The following functions are provided to manage scan tables, in the
- READ-UTILS module (use via LOAD READ-UTILS):
- PrintScanTable
PrintScanTable _____ ______ ___ ____
(PrintScanTable TABLE:vector): NIL expr
- Prints the entire scantable, gives the 0 ... 127 entries with the
- name of the character class. Also prints the indicator used for
- diphthongs.
- [??? Make smarter, reduce output, use nice names for control
[??? Make smarter, reduce output, use nice names for control
[??? Make smarter, reduce output, use nice names for control
- characters, ala EMODE. ???]
characters, ala EMODE. ???]
characters, ala EMODE. ???]
- CopyScanTable
CopyScanTable ________ ______ ___ ______ ____
(CopyScanTable OLDTABLE:{vector, NIL}): vector expr
- Copies the existing scantable (or CURRENTSCANTABLE!* if given
- GenSym
GenSym
NIL). Currently GenSym()'s the indicators used for diphthongs.
- [??? Change when we use Property Lists in extra slots of the
[??? Change when we use Property Lists in extra slots of the
[??? Change when we use Property Lists in extra slots of the
- Scan-Table ???]
Scan-Table ???]
Scan-Table ???]
- PutDipthong
PutDipthong _____ ______ __ __ ___ __ ___ __ ___ ____
(PutDipthong TABLE:vector, D1:id ID2:id DIP:id): NIL expr
- ___ ___ ___
Installs DIP as the name of the diphthong ID1 followed by ID2 in
- the given scan table.
- [??? Note that PutDipthong should be spelled PutDiphthong,
[??? Note that PutDipthong should be spelled PutDiphthong,
[??? Note that PutDipthong should be spelled PutDiphthong,
- this will probably be corrected in the future. ???]
this will probably be corrected in the future. ???]
this will probably be corrected in the future. ???]
- PutReadMacro
PutReadMacro _____ ______ ___ __ _____ __ ___ ____
(PutReadMacro TABLE:vector ID1:id FNAME:id): NIL expr
- ____ _____
____ _____
____ _____
Read macro
_____ Read macro
Installs FNAME as the name of the Read macro function for the
- ___
___
___
[not
___ [not
delimiter or diphthong ID1 in the given scan table. [not
- ___________ ___
___________ ___
___________ ___
implemented yet]
implemented yet]
implemented yet]
- 12.7. I/O to and from Lists and Strings
12.7. I/O to and from Lists and Strings
12.7. I/O to and from Lists and Strings
- Digit
Digit _ ___ _______ ____
(Digit U:any): boolean expr
- _
Returns T if U is a digit, otherwise NIL. Effectively this is:
- (de DIGIT (U)
- (IF (MEMQ U '(!0 !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !8 !9)) T NIL))
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.26 section 12.7
- Liter
Liter _ ___ _______ ____
(Liter U:any): boolean expr
- _
Returns T if U is a character of the alphabet, NIL otherwise.
- This is effectively:
- (de LITER(U)
- (IF (MEMQ U '(A B C D E F G H I J K L M
- N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f
- g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y
- z)) T NIL))
- Explode
Explode _ ___ __ ____ ____
(Explode U:any): id-list expr
- Explode
Explode
Explode takes the constituent characters of an S-expression and
- ____ __
forms a list of single character ids. It is implemented via the
- ChannelPrin1
ChannelPrin1 ____
function ChannelPrin1, with a list rather than a file or terminal
- ____
as destination. Returned is a list of interned characters
- _
representing the characters required to print the value of U.
- Example:
- - Explode 'FOO; => (F O O)
- - Explode '(A . B); => (!( A ! !. ! B !))
- [??? add print macros. cf. UCI lisp ???]
[??? add print macros. cf. UCI lisp ???]
[??? add print macros. cf. UCI lisp ???]
- Explode2
Explode2 _ ____ ______ __ ____ ____
(Explode2 U:{atom}-{vector}): id-list expr
- Prin2 Explode
Prin2 Explode
Prin2 version of Explode.
- Compress
Compress _ __ ____ ____ ______ ____
(Compress U:id-list): {atom}-{vector} expr
- _ ____
U is a list of single character identifiers which is built into a
- ______ ______
PSL entity and returned. Recognized are numbers, strings, and
- __________
identifiers with the escape character prefixing special
- characters. The formats of these items appear in the "Primitive
- __________ ___
Data Types" Section, Section 4.1.2. Identifiers are not interned
- ________ _______
on the ID-HASH-TABLE. Function pointers may not be compressed.
- _
If an entity cannot be parsed out of U or characters are left
- over after parsing an error occurs:
- ***** Poorly formed atom in COMPRESS
PSL Manual 7 February 1983 Input and Output
- section 12.7 page 12.27
- Implode
Implode _ __ ____ ____ ____
(Implode U:id-list): atom expr
- Compress
Compress __
Compress with ids interned.
- FlatSize
FlatSize _ ___ _______ ____
(FlatSize U:any): integer expr
- Prin1
Prin1
Character length of Prin1 S-expression.
- FlatSize2
FlatSize2 _ ___ _______ ____
(FlatSize2 U:any): integer expr
- Prin2 flatsize
Prin2 flatsize
Prin2 version of flatsize.
- BldMsg
BldMsg ______ ______ ____ ___ ______ ____
(BldMsg FORMAT:string, [ARGS:any]): string expr
- PrintF BldMsg
PrintF ______ BldMsg ______
PrintF to string. BldMsg returns a string stating that the
- ______
string could not be constructed if overflow occurs.
- 12.8. Example of Simple I/O in PSL
12.8. Example of Simple I/O in PSL
12.8. Example of Simple I/O in PSL
- In the following example a list of S-expressions is read, one expression
- at a time, from a file STUFF.IN and is written to a file STUFF.OUT.
- Following is the contents of STUFF.IN:
- (r e d)
- (a b c)
- (1 2 3 4)
- "ho ho ho"
- 6.78
- 5000
- xyz
- The following shows the execution of the function TRYIO.
Input and Output 7 February 1983 PSL Manual
- page 12.28 section 12.8
- @psl:psl
- PSL 3.1, 15-Nov-82
- 1 lisp> (On Echo)
- NIL
- 2 lisp> (Dskin "Exampio.Sl")
- (De Tryio (Fil1 Fil2)
- (Prog (Oldin Oldout Exp)
- (Setq Oldin (Rds (Open Fil1 'input)))
- (Setq Oldout (Wrs (Open Fil2 'output)))
- (While (Neq (Setq Exp (Read)) !$EOF!$)
- (Print Exp))
- (Close (Rds Oldin))
- (Close (Wrs Oldout))))
- TRYIO
- NIL
- 3 lisp> (Off Echo)
- NIL
- 4 lisp> (Tryio "Stuff.In" "Stuff.Out")
- NIL
- The output file STUFF.OUT contains the following.
- (R E D)
- (A B C)
- (1 2 3 4)
- "ho ho ho"
- 6.78
- 5000
- XYZ
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