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- config SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
- def_bool y
- depends on ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
- choice
- prompt "Memory model"
- depends on SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
- default DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_DEFAULT
- default SPARSEMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_SPARSEMEM_DEFAULT
- default FLATMEM_MANUAL
- config FLATMEM_MANUAL
- bool "Flat Memory"
- depends on !(ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE || ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || ARCH_FLATMEM_ENABLE
- help
- This option allows you to change some of the ways that
- Linux manages its memory internally. Most users will
- only have one option here: FLATMEM. This is normal
- and a correct option.
- Some users of more advanced features like NUMA and
- memory hotplug may have different options here.
- DISCONTIGMEM is a more mature, better tested system,
- but is incompatible with memory hotplug and may suffer
- decreased performance over SPARSEMEM. If unsure between
- "Sparse Memory" and "Discontiguous Memory", choose
- "Discontiguous Memory".
- If unsure, choose this option (Flat Memory) over any other.
- config DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL
- bool "Discontiguous Memory"
- depends on ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE
- help
- This option provides enhanced support for discontiguous
- memory systems, over FLATMEM. These systems have holes
- in their physical address spaces, and this option provides
- more efficient handling of these holes. However, the vast
- majority of hardware has quite flat address spaces, and
- can have degraded performance from the extra overhead that
- this option imposes.
- Many NUMA configurations will have this as the only option.
- If unsure, choose "Flat Memory" over this option.
- config SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
- bool "Sparse Memory"
- depends on ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE
- help
- This will be the only option for some systems, including
- memory hotplug systems. This is normal.
- For many other systems, this will be an alternative to
- "Discontiguous Memory". This option provides some potential
- performance benefits, along with decreased code complexity,
- but it is newer, and more experimental.
- If unsure, choose "Discontiguous Memory" or "Flat Memory"
- over this option.
- endchoice
- config DISCONTIGMEM
- def_bool y
- depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_DISCONTIGMEM_ENABLE) || DISCONTIGMEM_MANUAL
- config SPARSEMEM
- def_bool y
- depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
- config FLATMEM
- def_bool y
- depends on (!DISCONTIGMEM && !SPARSEMEM) || FLATMEM_MANUAL
- config FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
- def_bool y
- depends on !SPARSEMEM
- #
- # Both the NUMA code and DISCONTIGMEM use arrays of pg_data_t's
- # to represent different areas of memory. This variable allows
- # those dependencies to exist individually.
- #
- config NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
- def_bool y
- depends on DISCONTIGMEM || NUMA
- config HAVE_MEMORY_PRESENT
- def_bool y
- depends on ARCH_HAVE_MEMORY_PRESENT || SPARSEMEM
- #
- # SPARSEMEM_EXTREME (which is the default) does some bootmem
- # allocations when memory_present() is called. If this cannot
- # be done on your architecture, select this option. However,
- # statically allocating the mem_section[] array can potentially
- # consume vast quantities of .bss, so be careful.
- #
- # This option will also potentially produce smaller runtime code
- # with gcc 3.4 and later.
- #
- config SPARSEMEM_STATIC
- bool
- #
- # Architecture platforms which require a two level mem_section in SPARSEMEM
- # must select this option. This is usually for architecture platforms with
- # an extremely sparse physical address space.
- #
- config SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
- def_bool y
- depends on SPARSEMEM && !SPARSEMEM_STATIC
- config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
- bool
- config SPARSEMEM_ALLOC_MEM_MAP_TOGETHER
- def_bool y
- depends on SPARSEMEM && X86_64
- config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
- bool "Sparse Memory virtual memmap"
- depends on SPARSEMEM && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
- default y
- help
- SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP uses a virtually mapped memmap to optimise
- pfn_to_page and page_to_pfn operations. This is the most
- efficient option when sufficient kernel resources are available.
- config HAVE_MEMBLOCK
- bool
- config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
- bool
- config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_PHYS_MAP
- bool
- config HAVE_GENERIC_RCU_GUP
- bool
- config ARCH_DISCARD_MEMBLOCK
- bool
- config NO_BOOTMEM
- bool
- config MEMORY_ISOLATION
- bool
- config MOVABLE_NODE
- bool "Enable to assign a node which has only movable memory"
- depends on HAVE_MEMBLOCK
- depends on NO_BOOTMEM
- depends on X86_64
- depends on NUMA
- default n
- help
- Allow a node to have only movable memory. Pages used by the kernel,
- such as direct mapping pages cannot be migrated. So the corresponding
- memory device cannot be hotplugged. This option allows the following
- two things:
- - When the system is booting, node full of hotpluggable memory can
- be arranged to have only movable memory so that the whole node can
- be hot-removed. (need movable_node boot option specified).
- - After the system is up, the option allows users to online all the
- memory of a node as movable memory so that the whole node can be
- hot-removed.
- Users who don't use the memory hotplug feature are fine with this
- option on since they don't specify movable_node boot option or they
- don't online memory as movable.
- Say Y here if you want to hotplug a whole node.
- Say N here if you want kernel to use memory on all nodes evenly.
- #
- # Only be set on architectures that have completely implemented memory hotplug
- # feature. If you are not sure, don't touch it.
- #
- config HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE
- def_bool n
- # eventually, we can have this option just 'select SPARSEMEM'
- config MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- bool "Allow for memory hot-add"
- depends on SPARSEMEM || X86_64_ACPI_NUMA
- depends on ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- depends on COMPILE_TEST || !KASAN
- config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE
- def_bool y
- depends on SPARSEMEM && MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE
- bool "Online the newly added memory blocks by default"
- default n
- depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- help
- This option sets the default policy setting for memory hotplug
- onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks) which
- determines what happens to newly added memory regions. Policy setting
- can always be changed at runtime.
- See Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt for more information.
- Say Y here if you want all hot-plugged memory blocks to appear in
- 'online' state by default.
- Say N here if you want the default policy to keep all hot-plugged
- memory blocks in 'offline' state.
- config MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
- bool "Allow for memory hot remove"
- select MEMORY_ISOLATION
- select HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE if (X86_64 || PPC64)
- depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
- depends on MIGRATION
- # Heavily threaded applications may benefit from splitting the mm-wide
- # page_table_lock, so that faults on different parts of the user address
- # space can be handled with less contention: split it at this NR_CPUS.
- # Default to 4 for wider testing, though 8 might be more appropriate.
- # ARM's adjust_pte (unused if VIPT) depends on mm-wide page_table_lock.
- # PA-RISC 7xxx's spinlock_t would enlarge struct page from 32 to 44 bytes.
- # DEBUG_SPINLOCK and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC spinlock_t also enlarge struct page.
- #
- config SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS
- int
- default "999999" if !MMU
- default "999999" if ARM && !CPU_CACHE_VIPT
- default "999999" if PARISC && !PA20
- default "4"
- config ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK
- bool
- #
- # support for memory balloon
- config MEMORY_BALLOON
- bool
- #
- # support for memory balloon compaction
- config BALLOON_COMPACTION
- bool "Allow for balloon memory compaction/migration"
- def_bool y
- depends on COMPACTION && MEMORY_BALLOON
- help
- Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce
- significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be
- used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated
- with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used
- by the guest workload. Allowing the compaction & migration for memory
- pages enlisted as being part of memory balloon devices avoids the
- scenario aforementioned and helps improving memory defragmentation.
- #
- # support for memory compaction
- config COMPACTION
- bool "Allow for memory compaction"
- def_bool y
- select MIGRATION
- depends on MMU
- help
- Compaction is the only memory management component to form
- high order (larger physically contiguous) memory blocks
- reliably. The page allocator relies on compaction heavily and
- the lack of the feature can lead to unexpected OOM killer
- invocations for high order memory requests. You shouldn't
- disable this option unless there really is a strong reason for
- it and then we would be really interested to hear about that at
- linux-mm@kvack.org.
- #
- # support for page migration
- #
- config MIGRATION
- bool "Page migration"
- def_bool y
- depends on (NUMA || ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE || COMPACTION || CMA) && MMU
- help
- Allows the migration of the physical location of pages of processes
- while the virtual addresses are not changed. This is useful in
- two situations. The first is on NUMA systems to put pages nearer
- to the processors accessing. The second is when allocating huge
- pages as migration can relocate pages to satisfy a huge page
- allocation instead of reclaiming.
- config ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION
- bool
- config PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
- def_bool 64BIT || ARCH_PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
- config BOUNCE
- bool "Enable bounce buffers"
- default y
- depends on BLOCK && MMU && (ZONE_DMA || HIGHMEM)
- help
- Enable bounce buffers for devices that cannot access
- the full range of memory available to the CPU. Enabled
- by default when ZONE_DMA or HIGHMEM is selected, but you
- may say n to override this.
- # On the 'tile' arch, USB OHCI needs the bounce pool since tilegx will often
- # have more than 4GB of memory, but we don't currently use the IOTLB to present
- # a 32-bit address to OHCI. So we need to use a bounce pool instead.
- config NEED_BOUNCE_POOL
- bool
- default y if TILE && USB_OHCI_HCD
- config NR_QUICK
- int
- depends on QUICKLIST
- default "2" if AVR32
- default "1"
- config VIRT_TO_BUS
- bool
- help
- An architecture should select this if it implements the
- deprecated interface virt_to_bus(). All new architectures
- should probably not select this.
- config MMU_NOTIFIER
- bool
- select SRCU
- config KSM
- bool "Enable KSM for page merging"
- depends on MMU
- help
- Enable Kernel Samepage Merging: KSM periodically scans those areas
- of an application's address space that an app has advised may be
- mergeable. When it finds pages of identical content, it replaces
- the many instances by a single page with that content, so
- saving memory until one or another app needs to modify the content.
- Recommended for use with KVM, or with other duplicative applications.
- See Documentation/vm/ksm.txt for more information: KSM is inactive
- until a program has madvised that an area is MADV_MERGEABLE, and
- root has set /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run to 1 (if CONFIG_SYSFS is set).
- config DEFAULT_MMAP_MIN_ADDR
- int "Low address space to protect from user allocation"
- depends on MMU
- default 4096
- help
- This is the portion of low virtual memory which should be protected
- from userspace allocation. Keeping a user from writing to low pages
- can help reduce the impact of kernel NULL pointer bugs.
- For most ia64, ppc64 and x86 users with lots of address space
- a value of 65536 is reasonable and should cause no problems.
- On arm and other archs it should not be higher than 32768.
- Programs which use vm86 functionality or have some need to map
- this low address space will need CAP_SYS_RAWIO or disable this
- protection by setting the value to 0.
- This value can be changed after boot using the
- /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr tunable.
- config ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
- bool
- config MEMORY_FAILURE
- depends on MMU
- depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
- bool "Enable recovery from hardware memory errors"
- select MEMORY_ISOLATION
- select RAS
- help
- Enables code to recover from some memory failures on systems
- with MCA recovery. This allows a system to continue running
- even when some of its memory has uncorrected errors. This requires
- special hardware support and typically ECC memory.
- config HWPOISON_INJECT
- tristate "HWPoison pages injector"
- depends on MEMORY_FAILURE && DEBUG_KERNEL && PROC_FS
- select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
- config NOMMU_INITIAL_TRIM_EXCESS
- int "Turn on mmap() excess space trimming before booting"
- depends on !MMU
- default 1
- help
- The NOMMU mmap() frequently needs to allocate large contiguous chunks
- of memory on which to store mappings, but it can only ask the system
- allocator for chunks in 2^N*PAGE_SIZE amounts - which is frequently
- more than it requires. To deal with this, mmap() is able to trim off
- the excess and return it to the allocator.
- If trimming is enabled, the excess is trimmed off and returned to the
- system allocator, which can cause extra fragmentation, particularly
- if there are a lot of transient processes.
- If trimming is disabled, the excess is kept, but not used, which for
- long-term mappings means that the space is wasted.
- Trimming can be dynamically controlled through a sysctl option
- (/proc/sys/vm/nr_trim_pages) which specifies the minimum number of
- excess pages there must be before trimming should occur, or zero if
- no trimming is to occur.
- This option specifies the initial value of this option. The default
- of 1 says that all excess pages should be trimmed.
- See Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt for more information.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- bool "Transparent Hugepage Support"
- depends on HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- select COMPACTION
- select RADIX_TREE_MULTIORDER
- help
- Transparent Hugepages allows the kernel to use huge pages and
- huge tlb transparently to the applications whenever possible.
- This feature can improve computing performance to certain
- applications by speeding up page faults during memory
- allocation, by reducing the number of tlb misses and by speeding
- up the pagetable walking.
- If memory constrained on embedded, you may want to say N.
- choice
- prompt "Transparent Hugepage Support sysfs defaults"
- depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
- help
- Selects the sysfs defaults for Transparent Hugepage Support.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
- bool "always"
- help
- Enabling Transparent Hugepage always, can increase the
- memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
- benefit but it will work automatically for all applications.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE
- bool "madvise"
- help
- Enabling Transparent Hugepage madvise, will only provide a
- performance improvement benefit to the applications using
- madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) but it won't risk to increase the
- memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
- benefit.
- endchoice
- #
- # We don't deposit page tables on file THP mapping,
- # but Power makes use of them to address MMU quirk.
- #
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE
- def_bool y
- depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && !PPC
- #
- # UP and nommu archs use km based percpu allocator
- #
- config NEED_PER_CPU_KM
- depends on !SMP
- bool
- default y
- config CLEANCACHE
- bool "Enable cleancache driver to cache clean pages if tmem is present"
- default n
- help
- Cleancache can be thought of as a page-granularity victim cache
- for clean pages that the kernel's pageframe replacement algorithm
- (PFRA) would like to keep around, but can't since there isn't enough
- memory. So when the PFRA "evicts" a page, it first attempts to use
- cleancache code to put the data contained in that page into
- "transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
- addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
- time-varying size. And when a cleancache-enabled
- filesystem wishes to access a page in a file on disk, it first
- checks cleancache to see if it already contains it; if it does,
- the page is copied into the kernel and a disk access is avoided.
- When a transcendent memory driver is available (such as zcache or
- Xen transcendent memory), a significant I/O reduction
- may be achieved. When none is available, all cleancache calls
- are reduced to a single pointer-compare-against-NULL resulting
- in a negligible performance hit.
- If unsure, say Y to enable cleancache
- config FRONTSWAP
- bool "Enable frontswap to cache swap pages if tmem is present"
- depends on SWAP
- default n
- help
- Frontswap is so named because it can be thought of as the opposite
- of a "backing" store for a swap device. The data is stored into
- "transcendent memory", memory that is not directly accessible or
- addressable by the kernel and is of unknown and possibly
- time-varying size. When space in transcendent memory is available,
- a significant swap I/O reduction may be achieved. When none is
- available, all frontswap calls are reduced to a single pointer-
- compare-against-NULL resulting in a negligible performance hit
- and swap data is stored as normal on the matching swap device.
- If unsure, say Y to enable frontswap.
- config CMA
- bool "Contiguous Memory Allocator"
- depends on HAVE_MEMBLOCK && MMU
- select MIGRATION
- select MEMORY_ISOLATION
- help
- This enables the Contiguous Memory Allocator which allows other
- subsystems to allocate big physically-contiguous blocks of memory.
- CMA reserves a region of memory and allows only movable pages to
- be allocated from it. This way, the kernel can use the memory for
- pagecache and when a subsystem requests for contiguous area, the
- allocated pages are migrated away to serve the contiguous request.
- If unsure, say "n".
- config CMA_DEBUG
- bool "CMA debug messages (DEVELOPMENT)"
- depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && CMA
- help
- Turns on debug messages in CMA. This produces KERN_DEBUG
- messages for every CMA call as well as various messages while
- processing calls such as dma_alloc_from_contiguous().
- This option does not affect warning and error messages.
- config CMA_DEBUGFS
- bool "CMA debugfs interface"
- depends on CMA && DEBUG_FS
- help
- Turns on the DebugFS interface for CMA.
- config CMA_AREAS
- int "Maximum count of the CMA areas"
- depends on CMA
- default 7
- help
- CMA allows to create CMA areas for particular purpose, mainly,
- used as device private area. This parameter sets the maximum
- number of CMA area in the system.
- If unsure, leave the default value "7".
- config MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
- bool "Track memory changes"
- depends on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE && HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY && PROC_FS
- select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
- help
- This option enables memory changes tracking by introducing a
- soft-dirty bit on pte-s. This bit it set when someone writes
- into a page just as regular dirty bit, but unlike the latter
- it can be cleared by hands.
- See Documentation/vm/soft-dirty.txt for more details.
- config ZSWAP
- bool "Compressed cache for swap pages (EXPERIMENTAL)"
- depends on FRONTSWAP && CRYPTO=y
- select CRYPTO_LZO
- select ZPOOL
- default n
- help
- A lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
- pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
- compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
- This can result in a significant I/O reduction on swap device and,
- in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster that swap device
- reads, can also improve workload performance.
- This is marked experimental because it is a new feature (as of
- v3.11) that interacts heavily with memory reclaim. While these
- interactions don't cause any known issues on simple memory setups,
- they have not be fully explored on the large set of potential
- configurations and workloads that exist.
- config ZPOOL
- tristate "Common API for compressed memory storage"
- default n
- help
- Compressed memory storage API. This allows using either zbud or
- zsmalloc.
- config ZBUD
- tristate "Low (Up to 2x) density storage for compressed pages"
- default n
- help
- A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
- It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical
- page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and
- deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher
- density approach when reclaim will be used.
- config Z3FOLD
- tristate "Up to 3x density storage for compressed pages"
- depends on ZPOOL
- default n
- help
- A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages.
- It is designed to store up to three compressed pages per physical
- page. It is a ZBUD derivative so the simplicity and determinism are
- still there.
- config ZSMALLOC
- tristate "Memory allocator for compressed pages"
- depends on MMU
- default n
- help
- zsmalloc is a slab-based memory allocator designed to store
- compressed RAM pages. zsmalloc uses virtual memory mapping
- in order to reduce fragmentation. However, this results in a
- non-standard allocator interface where a handle, not a pointer, is
- returned by an alloc(). This handle must be mapped in order to
- access the allocated space.
- config PGTABLE_MAPPING
- bool "Use page table mapping to access object in zsmalloc"
- depends on ZSMALLOC
- help
- By default, zsmalloc uses a copy-based object mapping method to
- access allocations that span two pages. However, if a particular
- architecture (ex, ARM) performs VM mapping faster than copying,
- then you should select this. This causes zsmalloc to use page table
- mapping rather than copying for object mapping.
- You can check speed with zsmalloc benchmark:
- https://github.com/spartacus06/zsmapbench
- config ZSMALLOC_STAT
- bool "Export zsmalloc statistics"
- depends on ZSMALLOC
- select DEBUG_FS
- help
- This option enables code in the zsmalloc to collect various
- statistics about whats happening in zsmalloc and exports that
- information to userspace via debugfs.
- If unsure, say N.
- config GENERIC_EARLY_IOREMAP
- bool
- config MAX_STACK_SIZE_MB
- int "Maximum user stack size for 32-bit processes (MB)"
- default 80
- range 8 256 if METAG
- range 8 2048
- depends on STACK_GROWSUP && (!64BIT || COMPAT)
- help
- This is the maximum stack size in Megabytes in the VM layout of 32-bit
- user processes when the stack grows upwards (currently only on parisc
- and metag arch). The stack will be located at the highest memory
- address minus the given value, unless the RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is
- changed to a smaller value in which case that is used.
- A sane initial value is 80 MB.
- # For architectures that support deferred memory initialisation
- config ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
- bool
- config DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
- bool "Defer initialisation of struct pages to kthreads"
- default n
- depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
- depends on NO_BOOTMEM && MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- depends on !FLATMEM
- depends on !NEED_PER_CPU_KM
- help
- Ordinarily all struct pages are initialised during early boot in a
- single thread. On very large machines this can take a considerable
- amount of time. If this option is set, large machines will bring up
- a subset of memmap at boot and then initialise the rest in parallel
- by starting one-off "pgdatinitX" kernel thread for each node X. This
- has a potential performance impact on processes running early in the
- lifetime of the system until these kthreads finish the
- initialisation.
- config IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING
- bool "Enable idle page tracking"
- depends on SYSFS && MMU
- select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT
- help
- This feature allows to estimate the amount of user pages that have
- not been touched during a given period of time. This information can
- be useful to tune memory cgroup limits and/or for job placement
- within a compute cluster.
- See Documentation/vm/idle_page_tracking.txt for more details.
- config ZONE_DEVICE
- bool "Device memory (pmem, etc...) hotplug support"
- depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- depends on MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
- depends on SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
- depends on X86_64 #arch_add_memory() comprehends device memory
- help
- Device memory hotplug support allows for establishing pmem,
- or other device driver discovered memory regions, in the
- memmap. This allows pfn_to_page() lookups of otherwise
- "device-physical" addresses which is needed for using a DAX
- mapping in an O_DIRECT operation, among other things.
- If FS_DAX is enabled, then say Y.
- config FRAME_VECTOR
- bool
- config ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS
- bool
- config ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
- bool
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