gpl.html 46 KB

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869870871872873874875876877878879880881882883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897898899900901902903904905906907908909910911912913914915916917918919920921922923924925926927928929930931932933934935936937938939940941942943944945946947948949950951
  1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
  2. "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
  3. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
  4. <head>
  5. <!-- start of server/head-include-1.html -->
  6. <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  7. <link rev="made" href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org" />
  8. <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/graphics/gnu-head-mini.png" />
  9. <meta name="ICBM" content="42.355469,-71.058627" />
  10. <meta name="DC.title" content="gnu.org" />
  11. <!-- end of server/head-include-1.html -->
  12. <!-- end of server/header.html -->
  13. <!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
  14. <title>The GNU General Public License v3.0
  15. - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
  16. <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml"
  17. href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.rdf" />
  18. <!-- begin translist file -->
  19. <!-- end translist file -->
  20. <!-- start of server/banner.html -->
  21. <!-- start of head-include-2.html -->
  22. <link rel="stylesheet" href="/combo.css" media="screen" />
  23. <link rel="stylesheet" href="/mini.css" media="handheld" />
  24. <link rel="stylesheet" href="/layout.css" media="screen" />
  25. <link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" media="print" />
  26. <!-- end of head-include-2.html -->
  27. </head>
  28. <body>
  29. <div class="inner">
  30. <!-- start of server/body-include-1.html -->
  31. <div id="toplinks">
  32. <a href="#content">Skip to main text</a>
  33. </div> <!-- /toplinks -->
  34. <div id="searcher">
  35. <form method="get" action="//www.gnu.org/cgi-bin/estseek.cgi">
  36. <div>
  37. <input name="phrase" id="phrase" type="text" size="18" accesskey="s"
  38. value="Why GNU/Linux?" onfocus="this.value=''" />
  39. <input type="submit" value="Search" />
  40. </div>
  41. </form>
  42. </div><!-- /searcher -->
  43. <div id="translations">
  44. <p>
  45. <span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en" href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
  46. <span dir="ltr"><a lang="ar" hreflang="ar" href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.ar.html">العربية</a>&nbsp;[ar]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
  47. <span dir="ltr"><a lang="ca" hreflang="ca" href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.ca.html">català</a>&nbsp;[ca]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
  48. <span dir="ltr"><a lang="de" hreflang="de" href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
  49. <span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr" href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.fr.html">français</a>&nbsp;[fr]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
  50. <span dir="ltr"><a lang="ja" hreflang="ja" href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.ja.html">日本語</a>&nbsp;[ja]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
  51. <span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru" href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.ru.html">русский</a>&nbsp;[ru]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
  52. </p>
  53. </div>
  54. <!-- end of server/body-include-1.html -->
  55. <!-- start of server/body-include-2 -->
  56. <div id="header">
  57. <div id="fsf-frame">
  58. <p id="join-fsf"><a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=4052">JOIN&nbsp;THE&nbsp;FSF</a></p>
  59. <div id="fssbox">
  60. <p><a href="http://www.fsf.org/fss">Free Software Supporter</a></p>
  61. <form action="https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create&amp;reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
  62. <div>
  63. <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
  64. <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
  65. <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
  66. <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
  67. </div>
  68. <p>
  69. <input type="text" id="frmEmail" name="email-Primary" size="18" maxlength="80"
  70. value="email address" onfocus="this.value=''"/>
  71. <input type="submit" name="_qf_Edit_next" value="Sign up" />
  72. </p>
  73. </form>
  74. </div><!-- /fssbox -->
  75. </div><!-- /fsf-frame -->
  76. <div id="gnu-banner">
  77. <a href="/">
  78. <img src="/graphics/heckert_gnu.small.png" alt=" [A GNU head] " /><strong>GNU</strong> Operating System</a>
  79. </div><!-- /gnu-banner -->
  80. <p id="fsf-support">Sponsored by the <a href="#mission-statement">Free Software Foundation</a></p>
  81. </div><!-- /header -->
  82. <div id="navigation">
  83. <ul>
  84. <li id="tabAboutGNU"><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">About&nbsp;GNU</a></li>
  85. <li id="tabPhilosophy"><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Philosophy</a></li>
  86. <li id="tabLicenses"><a href="/licenses/licenses.html">Licenses</a></li>
  87. <li id="tabEducation"><a href="/education/education.html">Education</a></li>
  88. <li id="tabSoftware"><a href="/software/software.html">Software</a></li>
  89. <li id="tabDoc"><a href="/doc/doc.html">Documentation</a></li>
  90. <li id="tabHelp"><a href="/help/help.html">Help&nbsp;GNU</a></li>
  91. </ul>
  92. </div><!-- /navigation -->
  93. <!-- end of server/body-include-2 -->
  94. <div id="content">
  95. <!-- end of server/banner.html -->
  96. <h2>GNU General Public License</h2>
  97. <img src="/graphics/gplv3-127x51.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
  98. <ul>
  99. <li><a href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.html">A Quick Guide to GPLv3</a></li>
  100. <li><a href="/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html">Why Upgrade to GPLv3</a></li>
  101. <li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions about
  102. the GNU licenses</a></li>
  103. <li><a href="/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your
  104. own software</a></li>
  105. <li><a href="/licenses/translations.html">Translations
  106. of the GPL</a></li>
  107. <li>The GPL in other formats:
  108. <a href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt">plain text</a>,
  109. <a href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.texi">Texinfo</a>,
  110. <a href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.tex">LaTeX</a>,
  111. <a href="/licenses/gpl-3.0-standalone.html">standalone HTML</a>,
  112. <a href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.odt">ODF</a>,
  113. <a href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.dbk">Docbook</a>
  114. </li>
  115. <li><a href="/graphics/license-logos.html">GPLv3 logos</a> to use
  116. with your project</li>
  117. <li><a href="/licenses/old-licenses/old-licenses.html#GPL">Old
  118. versions of the GNU GPL</a></li>
  119. <li><a href="/licenses/gpl-violation.html">What to do if you see a
  120. possible GPL violation</a></li>
  121. </ul>
  122. <hr style="clear: both;" />
  123. <!-- The license text is in English and appears broken in RTL as
  124. Arabic, Farsi, etc. Explicitly set the direction to override the
  125. one defined in the translation. -->
  126. <div dir="ltr">
  127. <h3 style="text-align: center;">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</h3>
  128. <p style="text-align: center;">Version 3, 29 June 2007</p>
  129. <p>Copyright &copy; 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  130. &lt;<a href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a>&gt;</p><p>
  131. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  132. of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p>
  133. <h3><a name="preamble"></a>Preamble</h3>
  134. <p>The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
  135. software and other kinds of works.</p>
  136. <p>The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
  137. to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
  138. the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
  139. share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
  140. software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
  141. GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
  142. any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
  143. your programs, too.</p>
  144. <p>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
  145. price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
  146. have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
  147. them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
  148. want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
  149. free programs, and that you know you can do these things.</p>
  150. <p>To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
  151. these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
  152. certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
  153. you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.</p>
  154. <p>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
  155. gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
  156. freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
  157. or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
  158. know their rights.</p>
  159. <p>Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
  160. (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
  161. giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.</p>
  162. <p>For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
  163. that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
  164. authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
  165. changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
  166. authors of previous versions.</p>
  167. <p>Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
  168. modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
  169. can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
  170. protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic
  171. pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
  172. use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we
  173. have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
  174. products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
  175. stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
  176. of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.</p>
  177. <p>Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
  178. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
  179. software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
  180. avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
  181. make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that
  182. patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.</p>
  183. <p>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
  184. modification follow.</p>
  185. <h3><a name="terms"></a>TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>
  186. <h4><a name="section0"></a>0. Definitions.</h4>
  187. <p>&ldquo;This License&rdquo; refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.</p>
  188. <p>&ldquo;Copyright&rdquo; also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
  189. works, such as semiconductor masks.</p>
  190. <p>&ldquo;The Program&rdquo; refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
  191. License. Each licensee is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;. &ldquo;Licensees&rdquo; and
  192. &ldquo;recipients&rdquo; may be individuals or organizations.</p>
  193. <p>To &ldquo;modify&rdquo; a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
  194. in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
  195. exact copy. The resulting work is called a &ldquo;modified version&rdquo; of the
  196. earlier work or a work &ldquo;based on&rdquo; the earlier work.</p>
  197. <p>A &ldquo;covered work&rdquo; means either the unmodified Program or a work based
  198. on the Program.</p>
  199. <p>To &ldquo;propagate&rdquo; a work means to do anything with it that, without
  200. permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
  201. infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
  202. computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
  203. distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
  204. public, and in some countries other activities as well.</p>
  205. <p>To &ldquo;convey&rdquo; a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
  206. parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
  207. a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.</p>
  208. <p>An interactive user interface displays &ldquo;Appropriate Legal Notices&rdquo;
  209. to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
  210. feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
  211. tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
  212. extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
  213. work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
  214. the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
  215. menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.</p>
  216. <h4><a name="section1"></a>1. Source Code.</h4>
  217. <p>The &ldquo;source code&rdquo; for a work means the preferred form of the work
  218. for making modifications to it. &ldquo;Object code&rdquo; means any non-source
  219. form of a work.</p>
  220. <p>A &ldquo;Standard Interface&rdquo; means an interface that either is an official
  221. standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
  222. interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
  223. is widely used among developers working in that language.</p>
  224. <p>The &ldquo;System Libraries&rdquo; of an executable work include anything, other
  225. than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
  226. packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
  227. Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
  228. Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
  229. implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
  230. &ldquo;Major Component&rdquo;, in this context, means a major essential component
  231. (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
  232. (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
  233. produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.</p>
  234. <p>The &ldquo;Corresponding Source&rdquo; for a work in object code form means all
  235. the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
  236. work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
  237. control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
  238. System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
  239. programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
  240. which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
  241. includes interface definition files associated with source files for
  242. the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
  243. linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
  244. such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
  245. subprograms and other parts of the work.</p>
  246. <p>The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
  247. can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
  248. Source.</p>
  249. <p>The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
  250. same work.</p>
  251. <h4><a name="section2"></a>2. Basic Permissions.</h4>
  252. <p>All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
  253. copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
  254. conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
  255. permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
  256. covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
  257. content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
  258. rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.</p>
  259. <p>You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
  260. convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
  261. in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
  262. of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
  263. with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
  264. the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
  265. not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
  266. for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
  267. and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
  268. your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.</p>
  269. <p>Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
  270. the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
  271. makes it unnecessary.</p>
  272. <h4><a name="section3"></a>3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.</h4>
  273. <p>No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
  274. measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
  275. 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
  276. similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
  277. measures.</p>
  278. <p>When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
  279. circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
  280. is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
  281. the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
  282. modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
  283. users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
  284. technological measures.</p>
  285. <h4><a name="section4"></a>4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.</h4>
  286. <p>You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
  287. receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
  288. appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
  289. keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
  290. non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
  291. keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
  292. recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.</p>
  293. <p>You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
  294. and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.</p>
  295. <h4><a name="section5"></a>5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.</h4>
  296. <p>You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
  297. produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
  298. terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:</p>
  299. <ul>
  300. <li>a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
  301. it, and giving a relevant date.</li>
  302. <li>b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
  303. released under this License and any conditions added under section
  304. 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
  305. &ldquo;keep intact all notices&rdquo;.</li>
  306. <li>c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
  307. License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
  308. License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
  309. additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
  310. regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
  311. permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
  312. invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.</li>
  313. <li>d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
  314. Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
  315. interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
  316. work need not make them do so.</li>
  317. </ul>
  318. <p>A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
  319. works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
  320. and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
  321. in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
  322. &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
  323. used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
  324. beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
  325. in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
  326. parts of the aggregate.</p>
  327. <h4><a name="section6"></a>6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.</h4>
  328. <p>You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
  329. of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
  330. machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
  331. in one of these ways:</p>
  332. <ul>
  333. <li>a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
  334. (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
  335. Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
  336. customarily used for software interchange.</li>
  337. <li>b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
  338. (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
  339. written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
  340. long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
  341. model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
  342. copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
  343. product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
  344. medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
  345. more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
  346. conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
  347. Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.</li>
  348. <li>c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
  349. written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
  350. alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
  351. only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
  352. with subsection 6b.</li>
  353. <li>d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
  354. place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
  355. Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
  356. further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
  357. Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
  358. copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
  359. may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
  360. that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
  361. clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
  362. Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
  363. Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
  364. available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.</li>
  365. <li>e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
  366. you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
  367. Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
  368. charge under subsection 6d.</li>
  369. </ul>
  370. <p>A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
  371. from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
  372. included in conveying the object code work.</p>
  373. <p>A &ldquo;User Product&rdquo; is either (1) a &ldquo;consumer product&rdquo;, which means any
  374. tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
  375. or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
  376. into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
  377. doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
  378. product received by a particular user, &ldquo;normally used&rdquo; refers to a
  379. typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
  380. of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
  381. actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
  382. is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
  383. commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
  384. the only significant mode of use of the product.</p>
  385. <p>&ldquo;Installation Information&rdquo; for a User Product means any methods,
  386. procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
  387. and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
  388. a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
  389. suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
  390. code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
  391. modification has been made.</p>
  392. <p>If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
  393. specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
  394. part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
  395. User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
  396. fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
  397. Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
  398. by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
  399. if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
  400. modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
  401. been installed in ROM).</p>
  402. <p>The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
  403. requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
  404. for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
  405. the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
  406. network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
  407. adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
  408. protocols for communication across the network.</p>
  409. <p>Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
  410. in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
  411. documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
  412. source code form), and must require no special password or key for
  413. unpacking, reading or copying.</p>
  414. <h4><a name="section7"></a>7. Additional Terms.</h4>
  415. <p>&ldquo;Additional permissions&rdquo; are terms that supplement the terms of this
  416. License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
  417. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
  418. be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
  419. that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
  420. apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
  421. under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
  422. this License without regard to the additional permissions.</p>
  423. <p>When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
  424. remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
  425. it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
  426. removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
  427. additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
  428. for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.</p>
  429. <p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
  430. add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
  431. that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:</p>
  432. <ul>
  433. <li>a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
  434. terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or</li>
  435. <li>b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
  436. author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
  437. Notices displayed by works containing it; or</li>
  438. <li>c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
  439. requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
  440. reasonable ways as different from the original version; or</li>
  441. <li>d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
  442. authors of the material; or</li>
  443. <li>e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
  444. trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or</li>
  445. <li>f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
  446. material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
  447. it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
  448. any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
  449. those licensors and authors.</li>
  450. </ul>
  451. <p>All other non-permissive additional terms are considered &ldquo;further
  452. restrictions&rdquo; within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
  453. received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
  454. governed by this License along with a term that is a further
  455. restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
  456. a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
  457. License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
  458. of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
  459. not survive such relicensing or conveying.</p>
  460. <p>If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
  461. must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
  462. additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
  463. where to find the applicable terms.</p>
  464. <p>Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
  465. form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
  466. the above requirements apply either way.</p>
  467. <h4><a name="section8"></a>8. Termination.</h4>
  468. <p>You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
  469. provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
  470. modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
  471. this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
  472. paragraph of section 11).</p>
  473. <p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
  474. license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
  475. provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
  476. finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
  477. holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
  478. prior to 60 days after the cessation.</p>
  479. <p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
  480. reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
  481. violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
  482. received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
  483. copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
  484. your receipt of the notice.</p>
  485. <p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
  486. licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
  487. this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
  488. reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
  489. material under section 10.</p>
  490. <h4><a name="section9"></a>9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.</h4>
  491. <p>You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
  492. run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
  493. occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
  494. to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
  495. nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
  496. modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
  497. not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
  498. covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.</p>
  499. <h4><a name="section10"></a>10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.</h4>
  500. <p>Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
  501. receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
  502. propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
  503. for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.</p>
  504. <p>An &ldquo;entity transaction&rdquo; is a transaction transferring control of an
  505. organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
  506. organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
  507. work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
  508. transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
  509. licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
  510. give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
  511. Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
  512. the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.</p>
  513. <p>You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
  514. rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
  515. not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
  516. rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
  517. (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
  518. any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
  519. sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.</p>
  520. <h4><a name="section11"></a>11. Patents.</h4>
  521. <p>A &ldquo;contributor&rdquo; is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
  522. License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
  523. work thus licensed is called the contributor's &ldquo;contributor version&rdquo;.</p>
  524. <p>A contributor's &ldquo;essential patent claims&rdquo; are all patent claims
  525. owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
  526. hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
  527. by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
  528. but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
  529. consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
  530. purposes of this definition, &ldquo;control&rdquo; includes the right to grant
  531. patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
  532. this License.</p>
  533. <p>Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
  534. patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
  535. make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
  536. propagate the contents of its contributor version.</p>
  537. <p>In the following three paragraphs, a &ldquo;patent license&rdquo; is any express
  538. agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
  539. (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
  540. sue for patent infringement). To &ldquo;grant&rdquo; such a patent license to a
  541. party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
  542. patent against the party.</p>
  543. <p>If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
  544. and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
  545. to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
  546. publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
  547. then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
  548. available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
  549. patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
  550. consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
  551. license to downstream recipients. &ldquo;Knowingly relying&rdquo; means you have
  552. actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
  553. covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
  554. in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
  555. country that you have reason to believe are valid.</p>
  556. <p>If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
  557. arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
  558. covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
  559. receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
  560. or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
  561. you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
  562. work and works based on it.</p>
  563. <p>A patent license is &ldquo;discriminatory&rdquo; if it does not include within
  564. the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
  565. conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
  566. specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
  567. work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
  568. in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
  569. to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
  570. the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
  571. parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
  572. patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
  573. conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
  574. for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
  575. contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
  576. or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.</p>
  577. <p>Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
  578. any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
  579. otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.</p>
  580. <h4><a name="section12"></a>12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.</h4>
  581. <p>If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
  582. otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
  583. excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
  584. covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
  585. License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
  586. not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
  587. to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
  588. the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
  589. License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.</p>
  590. <h4><a name="section13"></a>13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.</h4>
  591. <p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
  592. permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
  593. under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
  594. combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
  595. License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
  596. but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
  597. section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
  598. combination as such.</p>
  599. <h4><a name="section14"></a>14. Revised Versions of this License.</h4>
  600. <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
  601. the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
  602. be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
  603. address new problems or concerns.</p>
  604. <p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
  605. Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
  606. Public License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the
  607. option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
  608. version or of any later version published by the Free Software
  609. Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
  610. GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
  611. by the Free Software Foundation.</p>
  612. <p>If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
  613. versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
  614. public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
  615. to choose that version for the Program.</p>
  616. <p>Later license versions may give you additional or different
  617. permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
  618. author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
  619. later version.</p>
  620. <h4><a name="section15"></a>15. Disclaimer of Warranty.</h4>
  621. <p>THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
  622. APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
  623. HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM &ldquo;AS IS&rdquo; WITHOUT WARRANTY
  624. OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
  625. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
  626. PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
  627. IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
  628. ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.</p>
  629. <h4><a name="section16"></a>16. Limitation of Liability.</h4>
  630. <p>IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
  631. WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
  632. THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
  633. GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
  634. USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
  635. DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
  636. PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
  637. EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  638. SUCH DAMAGES.</p>
  639. <h4><a name="section17"></a>17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.</h4>
  640. <p>If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
  641. above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
  642. reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
  643. an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
  644. Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
  645. copy of the Program in return for a fee.</p>
  646. <p>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</p>
  647. <h3><a name="howto"></a>How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</h3>
  648. <p>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
  649. possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
  650. free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.</p>
  651. <p>To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
  652. to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
  653. state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
  654. the &ldquo;copyright&rdquo; line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.</p>
  655. <pre> &lt;one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.&gt;
  656. Copyright (C) &lt;year&gt; &lt;name of author&gt;
  657. This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  658. it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  659. the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  660. (at your option) any later version.
  661. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  662. but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  663. MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
  664. GNU General Public License for more details.
  665. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  666. along with this program. If not, see &lt;http://www.gnu.org/licenses/&gt;.
  667. </pre>
  668. <p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.</p>
  669. <p>If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
  670. notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:</p>
  671. <pre> &lt;program&gt; Copyright (C) &lt;year&gt; &lt;name of author&gt;
  672. This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
  673. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
  674. under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
  675. </pre>
  676. <p>The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
  677. parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
  678. might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an &ldquo;about box&rdquo;.</p>
  679. <p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
  680. if any, to sign a &ldquo;copyright disclaimer&rdquo; for the program, if necessary.
  681. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
  682. &lt;<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>&gt;.</p>
  683. <p>The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
  684. into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
  685. may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
  686. the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
  687. Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
  688. &lt;<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html</a>&gt;.</p>
  689. </div>
  690. </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
  691. <!-- begin server/footer-text.html -->
  692. <div id="fsf-links">
  693. <ul>
  694. <li><a href="/">GNU&nbsp;home&nbsp;page</a></li>
  695. <li><a href="http://www.fsf.org/">FSF&nbsp;home&nbsp;page</a></li>
  696. <li><a href="/graphics/graphics.html">GNU&nbsp;Art</a></li>
  697. <li><a href="/fun/fun.html">GNU&nbsp;Fun</a></li>
  698. <li><a href="/people/people.html">GNU's&nbsp;Who?</a></li>
  699. <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free&nbsp;Software&nbsp;Directory</a></li>
  700. <li><a href="/server/sitemap.html">Site&nbsp;map</a></li>
  701. </ul>
  702. </div><!-- /fsf-links -->
  703. <div id="mission-statement">
  704. <blockquote>
  705. <p><a href="http://www.fsf.org"><img id="fsfbanner"
  706. src="/graphics/fsf-logo-notext.png" alt=" [FSF logo] "/></a><strong>&ldquo;Our
  707. mission is to preserve, protect and promote the freedom to use, study,
  708. copy, modify, and redistribute computer software, and to defend the
  709. rights of Free Software users.&rdquo;</strong></p>
  710. </blockquote>
  711. <p>The <a href="http://www.fsf.org">Free Software Foundation</a> is
  712. the principal organizational sponsor of the GNU Operating System.
  713. <strong>Support GNU and the FSF</strong> by <a
  714. href="http://shop.fsf.org/">buying manuals and gear</a>, <a
  715. href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=4052">
  716. <strong>joining the FSF</strong></a> as an associate member, or making
  717. a <strong>donation</strong>, either <a
  718. href="http://donate.fsf.org/">directly to the FSF</a> or <a
  719. href="http://flattr.com/thing/313733/gnuproject-on-Flattr">via
  720. Flattr</a>.</p>
  721. <p id="backtotop"><a href="#header">back to top</a></p>
  722. </div><!-- /mission-statement -->
  723. <!-- end server/footer-text.html -->
  724. <div id="footer">
  725. <div class="unprintable">
  726. <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
  727. <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
  728. There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
  729. the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
  730. to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
  731. <p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
  732. replace it with the translation of these two:
  733. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
  734. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
  735. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
  736. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
  737. &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
  738. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
  739. our web pages, see <a
  740. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
  741. README</a>. -->
  742. Please see the <a
  743. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
  744. README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
  745. of this article.</p>
  746. </div>
  747. <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
  748. files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
  749. be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
  750. without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
  751. Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
  752. document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
  753. document was modified, or published.
  754. If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
  755. Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
  756. years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
  757. year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
  758. being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
  759. There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
  760. Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
  761. <p>Copyright notice above.</p>
  762. <p>
  763. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  764. </p>
  765. <!-- start of server/bottom-notes.html -->
  766. <div class="unprintable">
  767. <p><a href="http://www.fsf.org/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></p>
  768. </div>
  769. <!-- end of server/bottom-notes.html -->
  770. <p class="unprintable">Updated:
  771. <!-- timestamp start -->
  772. $Date: 2014/04/12 12:39:51 $
  773. <!-- timestamp end -->
  774. </p>
  775. </div>
  776. </div>
  777. </body>
  778. </html>