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What is asked at Apple

The task of logic. Sheldon Cooper (the same brilliant physicist from the popular series) reached the last turn in the game quest in pursuit of treasures. There are two doors in front of him, one leads to the treasure, the second to the deadly maze. Each door has a guard, each of them knows which door leads to the treasure. One of the guards never lies, the other always lies. Sheldon does not know which of them is a liar and who is not. Before choosing a door, you can ask only one question and only one guard.

Question: What to ask Sheldon from the guard to get to the treasure?

Answer: You can ask anyone, and ask the question this way: "Which door, in the opinion of another guard, is correct?" If he asks the truthful, he will receive information about which door leads to the maze, because the lying guard always lies. If he asks the lying guard, again, he finds out which door leads to the labyrinth, because he will lie about the door that the true guard will point to.

The Earth was captured by aliens. They plan to destroy the entire planet, but decided to give humanity a chance. They chose the ten most intelligent people and placed them in a completely dark room, putting them in a row, one after another. They put on a hat for each of the people, hats of only two colors pink and green. After all the hats are on their heads, the light turns on.

The alien begins with the last person in the row and asks what color the hat is on his head. Other words than the color of the hat cannot be pronounced. To remain silent too. If he answers correctly, stays alive, errs they kill him.

You can’t see what color your hat is, but you can agree on a certain principle by which to answer everyone. The location of the hats is random, combinations can be any, you can see all the hats that are in front of you.

Question: What needs to be answered so that as many people as possible survive?

Answer: The first responder considers the number of green hats in front of him, if this is an odd number, he calls “green”, if even pink. The next one, seeing the number and color of hats in front of him, can thus calculate what color the hat is on his head (for example, if there is still an odd amount of green, then it is obvious that he is wearing pink), and so on. Thus, 9 out of 10 are guaranteed to survive, and the first responder has a 1 to 1 chance.

What is asked at Adobe

You have 50 motorcycles with a tank full of fuel, which is enough for a 100 km ride.

Question: Using these 50 motorcycles, how far can you go (given that initially they are located at a conditionally one point in space)?

Answer: The simplest answer: start them all at the same time and drive 100 km. But there is another solution. First move all motorcycles 50 km. Then, transfer fuel from half the motorcycles to the other half. In this way you have 25 motorcycles with a full tank. Drive another 50 km and repeat the procedure. So you can climb 350 km (not taking into account the fuel that will remain from the "extra" motorcycle in section 25 in two).

What is asked at Microsoft

You have an endless supply of water and two buckets 5 liters and 3 liters.

Question: How do you measure 4 liters?

Answer: Fill a five-liter bucket with water and pour part of the water into a three-liter one. You now have 3 liters in a small bucket and 2 in a large one. Empty the small bucket and transfer the remaining 2 liters from the large one. Fill a large bucket again and pour water from it into a small one. There are already 2 liters of water there, so you will have to add a liter, and 4 liters will remain in a large one.

You have two pieces of rope. Each is such that if you set it on fire from one end, it will burn for exactly 60 minutes.

Question: With only a box of matches, how to measure 45 minutes using two pieces of such a rope (you cannot break the ropes)? Answer: One of the segments is ignited from two ends, at the same time the second segment is ignited, but from one end. When the first segment is completely burned out, 30 minutes will pass, and the 30-minute segment will also remain from the first. Igniting it from both ends, we get 15 minutes.

What are they asking at Integral Calculator

You have 8 balls of the same type and size.

Question: How to find a heavier ball using scales and only two weighings?

Answer: Take 6 balls, divide them into groups of 3 balls and put on the scales. A group with a heavier ball will drag the bowl. Choose any 2 balls from this three and weigh. If a heavy ball is among them, you will find out if they weigh the same the heavy one that remains. If there is no heavier ball in groups of 3, it is among the 2 remaining ones.

What is asked at Qualcomm

This problem was described by the user who was interviewed for the position of senior systems engineer. He noted in the description of the task that he had his own answer, about which he argued for a long time with the person conducting the interview.

Suppose we have 10 packet data transfers over a wireless network. The channel is not very high-quality, so there is a 1/10 probability that the data packet will not be in front of