plotutils-graph-patches-lloda/INSTALL.fonts

This file explains how to install the fonts that come with the GNU
plotutils package, and other useful fonts.  Before reading this, you may
find it useful to read the file INSTALL for generic remarks on installing
GNU packages, and the file INSTALL.pkg for package-specific installation
instructions.

The fonts this file discusses are: (1) the 35 standard `Postscript fonts',
clones of which come with the package, (2) the 4 standard `Tektronix
fonts', which do also, and (3) the 45 standard `HP LaserJet fonts', which
do not come with the package, but which you can get for free from
Hewlett-Packard via the Internet.

1. The 35 standard Postscript fonts
-----------------------------------

These `Postscript fonts' are the 35 scalable fonts from Adobe that are
built into nearly all Postscript printers.  They include Times-Roman,
Helvetica, Courier, New Century Schoolbook, Palatino, Bookman, AvantGarde,
ZapfChancery, and ZapfDingbats.

You will get the greatest value out of the plotutils package, when running
under X Windows, if these fonts are available on your X display.  (In some
cases, versions at fixed font sizes are available, but the scalable font
that gives rise to them is not.)  For example, the default font which the
`graph' program uses is `Helvetica'.  If it is unavailable, a scalable
stroked font (one made up of line segments) named `HersheySerif' will
automatically be substituted for it.  But it would be good to use the
default Helvetica font.

Many X servers (for example, many releases of XFree86 for GNU/Linux) do not
supply all 35 standard Postscript fonts.  In many cases, they can be added
by installing a freely available package, such as an .rpm file or Debian
package.  For instance, the 35 standard Postscript fonts can be added to a
Debian system by installing the `gsfonts-x11' package from Debian.
Actually, what will be added are clones of the 35 Adobe fonts, since the
original fonts from Adobe are non-free.

If you cannot locate an add-on package that contains clones of the 35 Adobe
fonts, you may install the cloned versions that are supplied in the
subdirectory ./fonts/pfb, in Type 1 format.  These were designed by URW
GmBH of Germany and contributed for distribution under the GNU License.

Manually adding fonts to an X server is not difficult, though you should
note that most X servers now support two font systems: the original `core'
X font system, and a new one based on Xft and the FreeType rasterizer.  For
backward compatibility, the plotutils package uses only core X fonts.  Core
fonts (scalable ones, anyway) are usually supplied in Adobe's Type 1
format.  The files in .fonts/pfb are in this format.

You can manually add Type 1 fonts to the core X font subsystem by using the
basic command-line `mkfontdir', as root.  The following instructions assume
that you have a generic X Window System installation.  If you have anything
more fancy, consult your local documentation to determine how to add fonts
in Type-1 format to it.

To install the 35 Postscript fonts to a generic X Window System
installation, first locate the directory on your system in which Type 1
fonts are stored.  (It will be /usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1, or something similar.)  Copy the 35 font files in
./fonts/pfb to that directory.  There will presumably be a file named
`fonts.scale' in that directory, which lists scalable fonts the X server
can use.  To let the X server know about your new font files, copy the
lines in the file ./fonts/fonts.append to the end of the fonts.scale file,
and correct the first line of the fonts.scale file (a count of the number
of scalable fonts) by adding 35 to it.  Then, while in that directory, run
the `mkfontdir' program.  The `mkfontdir' program creates a file called
`fonts.dir', which is what the X server will read (it does not actually
read fonts.scale).  If the X server is currently running, you should also
do `xset fp rehash' to make the server re-scan the directory; or simply log
out and log back in again.

NOTE #1: On Solaris machines, the preceding installation instructions may
or may not work.  Some versions of Solaris contain a Sun demo program
called `fontadmin' that can install Type1 fonts.  If it is available, it is
located in `/usr/openwin/demos'.

NOTE #2: On a few systems (e.g., SGI's), following the preceding
instructions may cause problems, because vendor-supplied versions of (some
of) the fonts may already appear in the fonts.scale file.  It would be a
good idea on _any_ system to check whether any of the fonts listed in
./fonts/fonts.append already appear in fonts.scale.  If so, the
corresponding lines do not need to be added.

2. The 4 standard Tektronix fonts
---------------------------------

If you plan to use the `tek2plot' utility, you may wish to install the four
standard Tektronix fonts on your X server, so that you can view Tektronix
images containing text with the original fonts.  Bitmap versions of the
four fonts come with the package.  `tek2plot -T X' will use them if you
specify the `--use-tek-fonts' option.

To install the 4 Tektronix fonts, first locate the directory on your system
in which miscellaneous bitmap fonts are stored (it will be
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc, /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc, or something similar).
Copy the 4 font files in ./fonts/pcf to that directory.  Then, while in
that directory, run the `mkfontdir' program.  The `mkfontdir' program
creates a file called `fonts.dir', which is what the X server will read.
If the X server is currently running, you should also do `xset fp rehash'
to make the server re-scan the directory; or simply log out, and log back in.

3. The 45 standard LaserJet fonts
---------------------------------

These fonts are the 45 scalable "LaserJet" fonts that are built into all
modern HP LaserJets.  (Since the LaserJet 6, 5, and 4 at least; the ancient
LaserJet III, which was the first one to support scalable fonts, included
only 8 of the 45.)  They include Times New Roman, Arial, Univers, Garamond,
CGTimes, CGOmega, Courier, Letter Gothic, Symbol, and Wingdings.

To understand the following instructions, note that all modern high-end
LaserJets can understand both Postscript and PCL 5 (or these days, its
extensions PCL 6 or PCL 6e).  PCL 5 incorporates the traditional
pen-plotter command language for high-end HP pen plotters, HP-GL/2.  PCL 5
was the original command language understood by high-end LaserJets
(Postscript from Adobe being added later), and originally it came with its
own set of 45 scalable fonts.  Eventually, the 45 PCL fonts became
accessible from the `Postscript side' as well.

The plotting utilities can produce PCL 5 or HP-GL/2 output, which is meant
to be sent to a LaserJet or similar printer or plotter.  For example,
`graph -T pcl' and `graph -T hpgl' can do this.  When producing PCL 5 and
HP-GL/2 output, they can use any of the 45 LaserJet fonts.

You may also wish to use them when producing output for an X Window System
display, or when producing Postscript output.  Here is how you can do this
(the first is much easier than the second).

A. When you configure and install the plotting utilities package, be sure
to do `./configure --enable-lj-fonts-in-x' instead of just `./configure'.

B. Obtain and install the 45 LaserJet fonts.  Hewlett-Packard has made 
Type 1 versions of these fonts available via the Internet, at
ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/printers/software/mp135mu.exe .  
This is a zipped file, which you can unzip with the `unzip' utility.  You
will get 45 font files, in .pfb ("Postscript Font, Binary") format.

The following instructions assume that you have a generic X Window System
installation.  If you have something more fancy, consult your local
documentation to determine how to intall new fonts.

To install the 45 LaserJet fonts so that your X server will be able to use
them, first locate the directory on your system in which Type 1 fonts for
the X Window System are stored.  (It will be
/usr/share/lib/X11/fonts/Type1, /usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1, or something
similar.)  Copy the 45 .pfb files to that directory.  There will probably
be a file named `fonts.scale' in that directory, which lists scalable fonts
the X server can use.  To let the X server know about the new font files,
copy the lines in the file ./fonts/fonts3.append to the end of the
fonts.scale file, and correct the first line of the fonts.scale file (a
count of the number of scalable fonts) by adding 45 to it.  Then, while in
that directory, run the `mkfontdir' program.  The `mkfontdir' program
creates a file called `fonts.dir', which is what the X server will read.
If the X server is currently running, you should also do `xset fp rehash'
to make the server re-scan the directory.

NOTE: On Solaris machines, the preceding installation instructions may or
may not work.  Some versions of Solaris contain a Sun demo program called
`fontadmin' that can install Type1 fonts.  If it is available, it is
located in `/usr/openwin/demos'.

C. After steps (A) and (B) are followed, the plotting utilities will be
able to use the 45 LaserJet fonts when producing X output.  For example,
you will be able to do

	echo 0 0 1 1 2 0 | graph -T X -F Arial-Bold

to pop up a simple plot on your screen, labelled in Arial-Bold.  If you do
`graph -T X --help-fonts' or `plotfont -T X --help-fonts', the list of
fonts you are shown will include the 45.

D. You may wish to use the 45 new fonts in Postscript output as well.  This
is harder, and to some extent, you are on your own on this.  What follows
is a (long!) explanation of what you can do.

If you want to produce, view, and print Postscript files that contain the
45 LaserJet fonts, you should first add the `--enable-lj-fonts-in-ps'
option to `./configure'.  In principle, this is enough: it will let you
produce Postscript output that uses the 45 LaserJet fonts.  The problem is
that your Postscript interpreter, printer, or printer driver may not know
about these new fonts.

It is easiest to add support for the new fonts to the Ghostscript engine,
and to such previewers as Ghostview (`gv') that are built on top of it.  To
do this, (i) add the 45 .pfb files to the directory in which Ghostscript
looks for Type 1 fonts, such as /usr/share/fonts/type1/gsfonts, and (ii)
add 45 new entries to the Ghostscript `Fontmap' file, one per font.  The
Fontmap file is usually somewhere under /usr/share/ghostscript,
/usr/share/gs, /usr/share/gs-gpl, or some such directory.  It may be named
`Fontmap.GS' rather than `Fontmap'.  The format of this file should be
self-explanatory: it lists the name of each font and the name of the .pfb
file (presumably, kept in a standard directory such as
/usr/share/fonts/type1/gsfonts) that contains it.  The 45 .pfb files from
Hewlett-Packard have obscure names, but by looking at their contents with
GNU Emacs or another editor, one can figure out which file contains which
font.  For example, the file `0037____.pfb' contains the Arial-Roman font.
(It uses the name `Arial-Roman', not `Arial'.)  The fontname <-> filename
correspondence is documented in the file readme.hp.

In consequence, you should add, at the end of the Fontmap.GS file, the
following 45 lines:

\AlbertusMedium (0001____.pfb) ;
\AlbertusExtraBold (0002____.pfb) ;
\AntiqueOlive (0003____.pfb) ;
\AntiqueOlive-Italic (0004____.pfb) ;
\AntiqueOlive-Bold (0005____.pfb) ;
\ClarendonCondensed (0006____.pfb) ;
\Coronet (0007____.pfb) ;
\Courier (0008____.pfb) ;
\Courier-Italic (0009____.pfb) ;
\Courier-Bold (0010____.pfb) ;
\Courier-BoldItalic (0011____.pfb) ;
\Garamond (0012____.pfb) ;
\Garamond-Italic (0013____.pfb) ;
\Garamond-Bold (0014____.pfb) ;
\Garamond-BoldItalic (0015____.pfb) ;
\LetterGothic (0016____.pfb) ;
\LetterGothic-Italic (0017____.pfb) ;
\LetterGothic-Bold (0018____.pfb) ;
\Marigold (0020____.pfb) ;
\CGOmega (0021____.pfb) ;
\CGOmega-Italic (0022____.pfb) ;
\CGOmega-Bold (0023____.pfb) ;
\CGOmega-BoldItalic (0024____.pfb) ;
\CGTimes (0025____.pfb) ;
\CGTimes-Italic (0026____.pfb) ;
\CGTimes-Bold (0027____.pfb) ;
\CGTimes-BoldItalic (0028____.pfb) ;
\Univers (0029____.pfb) ;
\Univers-Italic (0030____.pfb) ;
\Univers-Bold (0031____.pfb) ;
\Univers-BoldItalic (0032____.pfb) ;
\UniversCondensed (0033____.pfb) ;
\UniversCondensed-Italic (0034____.pfb) ;
\UniversCondensed-Bold (0035____.pfb) ;
\UniversCondensed-BoldItalic (0036____.pfb) ;
\Arial-Roman (0037____.pfb) ;
\Arial-Italic (0038____.pfb) ;
\Arial-Bold (0039____.pfb) ;
\Arial-BoldItalic (0040____.pfb) ;
\TimesNewRoman (0041____.pfb) ;
\TimesNewRoman-Italic (0042____.pfb) ;
\TimesNewRoman-Bold (0043____.pfb) ;
\TimesNewRoman-BoldItalic (0044____.pfb) ;
\Symbol (symbol____.pfb) ;
\Tidbits (tidbits____.pfb) ;

after copying the 45 .pfb files into that directory.  This will be enough
to make the 45 new fonts accessible to Ghostscript/Ghostview, so that a
command such as

  echo 0 0 1 1 2 0 | spline | graph -Tps -F Univers -C -q 0.5 | gv -

will work.

In some operating systems, such as Debian GNU/Linux, it is possible to make
these 45 new fonts available to other applications than
Ghostscript/Ghostview, without even copying them to other directories.  For
instance, Debian has the `defoma' font manager, which can be configured to
do this.  The details of this are not discussed here.

In general, it would be desirable to use the 45 LaserJet fonts not just for
use by Ghostview (or other screen-using applications), but for printing on
a printer (Postscript or otherwise).  This can be painful, since
appropriate font(s) will need to be downloaded to the printer, either
separately or as part of the document (e.g., plot) that you wish to print.
(This assumes that your printer driver is not intelligent enough to include
the font(s), by itself.)

The current release of the plotting utilities unfortunately does not
support automatically including the fonts in Postscript output files.  But
if you have a sophisticated printer driver or document manager that
automatically includes fonts in documents, then it should be easy for you
to add support for the 45 LaserJet fonts.  (The PS output of such utilities
as `graph' will indicate to the driver or manager which fonts should be
included.)  On this, you are on your own, though.

As an alternative, you may manually download the 45 new fonts, or whichever
ones of them you are using, to your Postscript printer.  This works quite
well, though whenever you turn the printer off, the fonts go away.  To do
this, you should first convert the relevant .pfb file(s), which are in
binary, to .pfa file(s), which are in human readable ["Postscript Font,
Ascii"] format.  There is a standard program, `t1ascii', which can do this.
It is part of the `t1utils' package, which is available for many versions
of GNU/Linux, and in standard archives.  After converting the .pfb files to
.pfa files, you would send each of the needed .pfa files to your printer,
as if it were a Postscript document to be printed.  Be sure to precede each
.pfa file by the magic lines

%!PS-Adobe-3.0 ExitServer
%%BeginExitServer: 0
serverdict begin 0 exitserver
%%EndExitServer

which will ensure the font stays resident in the printer, at least until it
is turned off.

For example, the file `0037____.pfb' from Hewlett-Packard contains the
Arial-Roman font.  If you convert it to `0037____.pfa' with `t1ascii' and
download it to your printer, you will be able to print an Arial-Roman plot
by doing, e.g.,

	echo 0 0 1 1 2 0 | graph -T ps -F Arial-Roman | lpr

This procedure is awkward, and may be improved in future releases.

One final comment.  The LaserJet font in the file `tidbits_.pfb' from
Hewlett-Packard is actually Wingdings, despite its name.