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x86-bare-metal-examples
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README.md

x86 Bare Metal Examples

Hello world programs that run without an operating system.

  1. Examples
    1. printf
    2. min
    3. No ld script
    4. BIOS
      1. one char
      2. hello world
        1. NASM
      3. newline
      4. carriage return
      5. cursor position
      6. color
      7. background
      8. scroll
        1. clear screen
      9. pixel
        1. pixel line
      10. keyboard
        1. keyboard loop
      11. disk load
    5. reboot
    6. Not testable in userland
      1. Segment registers real mode
        1. SS (TODO)
      2. Interrupt
        1. Interrupt zero divide
        2. Interrupt loop
      3. in
        1. in keyboard
        2. in RTC
        3. in PIT (TODO)
        4. in beep
        5. in beep_illinois
        6. in mouse (TODO)
      4. Protected mode
    7. APM
      1. APM shutdown
      2. APM shutdown 2
    8. Multiboot
    9. GRUB
    10. TODO not working
      1. UEFI
    11. Misc
      1. hajji
  2. Theory
    1. Modes of operation
    2. Formats
      1. MBR
    3. IO
      1. BIOS
      2. APM
    4. Bibliography
  3. TODO

Getting started

sudo apt-get install bochs bochs-sdl build-essential gnu-efi qemu nasm xorriso

Emulator

Run the default program on QEMU:

make run

Run a given program:

make run RUN=min
make run RUN=bios_one_char

Use Bochs instead of QEMU:

make bochs RUN=min

Tested on Ubuntu 14.04 AMD64.

Real hardware

Insert an USB, determine its device (/dev/sdX) with:

sudo lsblk
sudo fdisk -l

Pick the .img file that you wan to run and:

sudo dd if=bios_hello_world.img of=/dev/sdX

Then:

  • insert the USB in a computer
  • during boot, hit some special hardware dependant key, usually F12, Esc
  • choose to boot from the USB

When you are done, just hit the power button to shutdown.

Tested on: ThinkPad T400.

Big image

Create a big.img that contains all examples that can be booted from GRUB:

make big-img

Now if you do:

sudo dd if=big.img of=/dev/sdX

you can test several examples with a single USB burn, which is much faster.

You will also want to change the boot order to put the USB first from the F12 BIOS menu. This way you don't have to hit F12 like a madman every time.