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libreboot


			
				
					
						
						
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	<title>How to replace the default GRUB configuration file on a libreboot system</title>
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<body>
	<div class="section">
		<h1 id="pagetop">How to replace the default GRUB configuration file on a libreboot system</h1>
			<p>
				Libreboot on x86 uses the GRUB <a href="http://www.coreboot.org/Payloads#GRUB_2">payload</a> 
				by default, which means that the GRUB configuration file 
				(where your GRUB menu comes from) is stored directly alongside libreboot
				and its GRUB payload executable, inside
				the flash chip. In context, this means that installing distributions and managing them 
				is handled slightly differently compared to traditional BIOS systems.
			</p>
			<p>
				A libreboot (or coreboot) ROM image is not simply &quot;flat&quot;; there is an actual 
				filesystem inside called CBFS (coreboot filesystem). A utility called 'cbfstool' 
				allows you to change the contents of the ROM image. In this case, libreboot is configured 
				such that the 'grub.cfg' and 'grubtest.cfg' files exist directly inside CBFS instead of 
				inside the GRUB payload 'memdisk' (which is itself stored in CBFS).
			</p>
			<p>
				You can either modify
				the GRUB configuration stored in the flash chip, or you can modify a GRUB configuration
				file on the main storage which the libreboot GRUB payload will automatically search for.
			</p>
			<p>
				Here is an excellent writeup about CBFS (coreboot filesystem): 
				<a href="http://lennartb.home.xs4all.nl/coreboot/col5.html">http://lennartb.home.xs4all.nl/coreboot/col5.html</a>.
			</p>
			<p>
				<b>This guide is *only* for the GRUB payload. If you use the depthcharge payload, ignore this section entirely.</b>
			</p>
			<p>
				<a href="index.html">Back to previous index</a>
			</p>
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<h1>Table of Contents</h1>

			<ul>
				<li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
				<li><a href="#option1_dont_reflash">1st option: don't re-flash</a></li>
				<li>
					<a href="#option2_reflash">2nd option: re-flash</a>
					<ul>
						<li><a href="#tools">Acquire the necessary utilities</a></li>
						<li><a href="#rom">Acquiring the correct ROM image</a></li>
						<li><a href="#extract_testconfig">Extract grubtest from the ROM image</a>
						<li><a href="#reinsert_modified_testconfig">Re-insert the modified grubtest.cfg into the ROM image</a></li>
						<li><a href="#testing">Testing</a>
						<li><a href="#final_steps">Final steps</a></li>
					</ul>
				</li>
			</ul>
			
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>

			<p>
				Download the latest release from 
				<a href="http://libreboot.org/">http://libreboot.org/</a>
				<br/><b>If you downloaded from git, refer to 
				<a href="../git/index.html#build_meta">../git/index.html#build_meta</a> before continuing.</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
			</p>

			<p>
				There are several advantages to modifying the GRUB configuration stored in CBFS, but
				this also means that you have to flash a new libreboot ROM image on your system (some users
				feel intimidated by this, to say the least).
				Doing so can be risky if not handled correctly, because it can result in a bricked
				system (recovery is easy if you have the <a href="../install/bbb_setup.html">equipment</a>
				for it, but most people don't). If you aren't up to that then don't worry; it is possible
				to use a custom GRUB menu without flashing a new image, by loading a GRUB configuration
				from a partition on the main storage instead.
			</p>

			
	</div>

	<div class="section">
		
		<h2 id="option1_dont_reflash">1st option: don't re-flash</h2>

			<p>
				By default, GRUB in libreboot is configured to scan all partitions on the main storage
				for /boot/grub/libreboot_grub.cfg or /grub/libreboot_grub.cfg(for systems where /boot
				is on a dedicated partition), and then use it automatically.
			</p>
			<p>
				Simply create your custom GRUB configuration and save it to <b>/boot/grub/libreboot_grub.cfg</b>
				on the running system. The next time you boot, GRUB (in libreboot) will automatically switch to
				this configuration file. <b>This means that you do not have to re-flash, recompile or otherwise
				modify libreboot at all!</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				Ideally, your distribution should automatically generate a libreboot_grub.cfg file that is written
				specifically under the assumption that it will be read and used on a libreboot system that uses
				GRUB as a payload. If your distribution does not do this, then you can try to add that feature
				yourself or politely ask someone involved with or otherwise knowledgeable about the distribution
				to do it for you. The libreboot_grub.cfg could either contain the full configuration, or it could
				chainload another GRUB ELF executable (built to be used as a coreboot payload) that is located in
				a partition on the main storage.
			</p>
			
			<p>
				If you want to adapt a copy of the existing <i>libreboot</i> GRUB configuration and use that for the libreboot_grub.cfg file, then
				follow <a href="#tools">#tools</a>, <a href="#rom">#rom</a> and
				<a href="#extract_testconfig">#extract_testconfig</a> to get the <b><i>grubtest.cfg</i></b>. 
				Rename <b><i>grubtest.cfg</i></b> to <b><i>libreboot_grub.cfg</i></b> and save it to <b><i>/boot/grub/</i></b>
				on the running system where it is intended to be used. Modify the file at that location however you see fit, 
				and then stop reading this guide (the rest of this page is irrelevant to you); <b>in libreboot_grub.cfg on disk,
				if you are adapting it based on grub.cfg from CBFS then remove the check for libreboot_grub.cfg otherwise it will loop.</b>.
			</p>

			<p>
				This is all well and good, but what should you actually put in your GRUB configuration file?
				Read <a href="grub_config.html">grub_config.html</a> for more information.
			</p>

			<p>
				<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
			</p>
			
	</div>

	<div class="section">
		
		<h2 id="option2_reflash">2nd option: re-flash</h2>

			<p>
				You can modify what is stored inside the flash chip quite easily. Read on to find out how.
			</p>

			<p>
				<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
			</p>
			
	</div>
	<div class="section">
		<h2 id="tools">Acquire the necessary utilities</h2>

			<p>
				Use <b><i>cbfstool</i></b> and <b><i>flashrom</i></b>. There are available in the <i>libreboot_util</i> release archive,
				or they can be compiled (see <a href="../git/index.html#build_flashrom">../git/index.html#build_flashrom</a>).
				Flashrom is also available from the repositories:<br/>
				# <b>pacman -S flashrom</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
			</p>
			
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<h2 id="rom">Acquiring the correct ROM image</h2>

			<p>
				You can either work directly with one of the ROM images already included in the libreboot ROM archives, or re-use the ROM that
				you have currently flashed. For the purpose of this tutorial it is assumed that your ROM image file is named <i>libreboot.rom</i>,
				so please make sure to adapt.
			</p>
			<p>
				ROM images are included pre-compiled in libreboot. You can also dump your current firmware, using flashrom:<br/>
				$ <b>sudo flashrom -p internal -r libreboot.rom</b><br/>
				# <b>flashrom -p internal -r libreboot.rom</b><br/>
				If you are told to specify the chip, add the option <b>-c {your chip}</b> to the command, for example:<br/>
				# <b>flashrom -c MX25L6405 -p internal -r libreboot.rom</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
			</p>
			
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<h2 id="extract_testconfig">Extract grubtest.cfg from the ROM image</h2>

			<p>
				You can check the contents of the ROM image, inside CBFS:<br/>
				<b>$ cd .../libreboot_util/cbfstool</b>
				<b>$ ./cbfstool libreboot.rom print</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				The files <i>grub.cfg</i> and <i>grubtest.cfg</i> should be present. grub.cfg is loaded by default, 
				with a menuentry for switching to grubtest.cfg. In this tutorial, you will first modify and test <i>grubtest.cfg</i>.
				This is to reduce the possibility of bricking your device, so DO NOT SKIP THIS!
			</p>

			<p>
				Extract grubtest.cfg from the ROM image:<br/>
				<b>$ ./cbfstool libreboot.rom extract -n grubtest.cfg -f grubtest.cfg</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				Modify the grubtest.cfg accordingly.
			</p>

			<p>
				This is all well and good, but what should you actually put in your GRUB configuration file?
				Read <a href="grub_config.html">grub_config.html</a> for more information.
			</p>

			<p>
				<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
			</p>
			
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<h2 id="reinsert_modified_testconfig">Re-insert the modified grubtest.cfg into the ROM image</h2>

			<p>
				Once your grubtest.cfg is modified and saved, delete the unmodified config from the ROM image:<br/>
				<b>$ ./cbfstool libreboot.rom remove -n grubtest.cfg</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				Next, insert the modified version:<br/>
				<b>$ ./cbfstool libreboot.rom add -n grubtest.cfg -f grubtest.cfg -t raw</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
			</p>
			
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<h2 id="testing">Testing</h2>

			<p>
				<b>
					Now you have a modified ROM. Refer back to <a href="../install/index.html#flashrom">../install/index.html#flashrom</a> for information
					on how to flash it.<br/>
					$ <b>cd /libreboot_util</b>
					# <b>./flash update libreboot.rom</b><br/>
					Ocassionally, coreboot changes the name of a given board. If flashrom complains about a board mismatch, but you are sure that you chose the correct ROM image, then run this alternative command:<br/>
					# <b>./flash forceupdate libreboot.rom</b><br/>
					You should see <b>&quot;Verifying flash... VERIFIED.&quot;</b> written at the end of the flashrom output.
					Once you have done that, shut down and then boot up with your new test configuration.
				</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				Choose (in GRUB) the menu entry that switches to grubtest.cfg. If it works, then your config is safe and you can continue below.
			</p>

			<p>
				<b>
					If it does not work like you want it to, if you are unsure or sceptical in any way, 
					then re-do the steps above until you get it right! Do *not* proceed past this point
					unless you are 100% sure that your new configuration is safe (or desirable) to use.
				</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
			</p>
			
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<h2 id="final_steps">Final steps</h2>

			<p>
				When you are satisfied booting from grubtest.cfg, you can create a copy of grubtest.cfg, called grub.cfg. This is the same except for one difference: 
				the menuentry 'Switch to grub.cfg' will be changed to 'Switch to grubtest.cfg' and inside it,
				all instances of grub.cfg to grubtest.cfg. This is so that the main config still
				links (in the menu) to grubtest.cfg, so that you don't have to manually switch to it, in
				case you ever want to follow this guide again in the future (modifying the already modified config). From /libreboot_util/cbfstool, do:<br/>
				$ <b>sed -e 's:(cbfsdisk)/grub.cfg:(cbfsdisk)/grubtest.cfg:g' -e 's:Switch to grub.cfg:Switch to grubtest.cfg:g' &lt; grubtest.cfg &gt; grub.cfg</b><br/>
			</p>

			<p>
				Delete the grub.cfg that remained inside the ROM:<br/>
				<b>$ ./cbfstool libreboot.rom remove -n grub.cfg</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				Add the modified version that you just made:<br/>
				<b>$ ./cbfstool libreboot.rom add -n grub.cfg -f grub.cfg -t raw</b>
			</p>

			<p>
				<b>
					Now you have a modified ROM. Again, refer back to <a href="../install/index.html#flashrom">../install/index.html#flashrom</a> for information
					on how to flash it. It's the same method as you used before. Shut down and then boot up with your new configuration.
				</b>
			</p>

			<p>
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			</p>
			
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<p>
			Copyright &copy;  2014, 2015 Leah Rowe &lt;info@minifree.org&gt;<br/>
			Copyright &copy;  2015 Jeroen Quint &lt;jezza@diplomail.ch&gt;<br/>
			Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
			under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
			or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
			with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
			A copy of the license can be found at <a href="../gfdl-1.3.txt">../gfdl-1.3.txt</a>
		</p>

		<p>
			Updated versions of the license (when available) can be found at
			<a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.html">https://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.html</a>
		</p>

		<p>
			UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE
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