dsaravanan
/
reference


			
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							<!-- Creator     : groff version 1.22.3 -->
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</style>
<title>YOUTUBE&minus;DL</title>

</head>
<body>

<h1 align="center">YOUTUBE&minus;DL</h1>

<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
<a href="#CONFIGURATION">CONFIGURATION</a><br>
<a href="#OUTPUT TEMPLATE">OUTPUT TEMPLATE</a><br>
<a href="#FORMAT SELECTION">FORMAT SELECTION</a><br>
<a href="#VIDEO SELECTION">VIDEO SELECTION</a><br>
<a href="#FAQ">FAQ</a><br>
<a href="#DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS">DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS</a><br>
<a href="#EMBEDDING YOUTUBE&minus;DL">EMBEDDING YOUTUBE&minus;DL</a><br>
<a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a><br>
<a href="#COPYRIGHT">COPYRIGHT</a><br>

<hr>


<h2>NAME
<a name="NAME"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">youtube&minus;dl
&minus; download videos from youtube.com or other video
platforms</p>

<h2>SYNOPSIS
<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>youtube&minus;dl</b>
[OPTIONS] URL [URL...]</p>

<h2>DESCRIPTION
<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>youtube&minus;dl</b>
is a small command&minus;line program to download videos
from YouTube.com and a few more sites. It requires the
Python interpreter, version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and it is not
platform specific. It should work on your Unix box, on
Windows or on Mac OS X. It is released to the public domain,
which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it
however you like.</p>

<h2>OPTIONS
<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>&minus;h,
&minus;&minus;help</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Print this help text and
exit</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;version</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Print program version and
exit</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;U,
&minus;&minus;update</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Update this program to latest
version. Make sure that you have sufficient permissions (run
with sudo if needed)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;i,
&minus;&minus;ignore&minus;errors</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Continue on download errors,
for example to skip unavailable videos in a playlist</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;abort&minus;on&minus;error</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Abort downloading of further
videos (in the playlist or the command line) if an error
occurs</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;dump&minus;user&minus;agent</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Display the current browser
identification</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;list&minus;extractors</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">List all supported
extractors</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;extractor&minus;descriptions</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Output descriptions of all
supported extractors</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;force&minus;generic&minus;extractor</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Force extraction to use the
generic extractor</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;default&minus;search</b>
<i>PREFIX</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use this prefix for unqualified
URLs. For example &quot;gvsearch2:&quot; downloads two
videos from google videos for youtube&minus;dl &quot;large
apple&quot;. Use the value &quot;auto&quot; to let
youtube&minus;dl guess (&quot;auto_warning&quot; to emit a
warning when guessing). &quot;error&quot; just throws an
error. The default value &quot;fixup_error&quot; repairs
broken URLs, but emits an error if this is not possible
instead of searching.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;ignore&minus;config</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not read configuration
files. When given in the global configuration file /etc
/youtube&minus;dl.conf: Do not read the user configuration
in ~/.config/youtube&minus; dl/config
(%APPDATA%/youtube&minus;dl/config.txt on Windows)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;flat&minus;playlist</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not extract the videos of a
playlist, only list them.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;color</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not emit color codes in
output</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Network
Options: <br>
&minus;&minus;proxy</b> <i>URL</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS
proxy. Pass in an empty string (&minus;&minus;proxy
&quot;&quot;) for direct connection</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;socket&minus;timeout</b>
<i>SECONDS</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Time to wait before giving up,
in seconds</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;source&minus;address</b>
<i>IP</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Client&minus;side IP address to
bind to (experimental)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;4,
&minus;&minus;force&minus;ipv4</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Make all connections via IPv4
(experimental)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;6,
&minus;&minus;force&minus;ipv6</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Make all connections via IPv6
(experimental)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;cn&minus;verification&minus;proxy</b>
<i>URL</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use this proxy to verify the IP
address for some Chinese sites. The default proxy specified
by &minus;&minus;proxy (or none, if the options is not
present) is used for the actual downloading.
(experimental)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Video
Selection: <br>
&minus;&minus;playlist&minus;start</b> <i>NUMBER</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Playlist video to start at
(default is 1)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;playlist&minus;end</b>
<i>NUMBER</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Playlist video to end at
(default is last)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;playlist&minus;items</b>
<i>ITEM_SPEC</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Playlist video items to
download. Specify indices of the videos in the playlist
separated by commas like:
&quot;&minus;&minus;playlist&minus;items 1,2,5,8&quot; if
you want to download videos indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the
playlist. You can specify range:
&quot;&minus;&minus;playlist&minus;items
1&minus;3,7,10&minus;13&quot;, it will download the videos
at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;match&minus;title</b>
<i>REGEX</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download only matching titles
(regex or caseless sub&minus;string)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;reject&minus;title</b>
<i>REGEX</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Skip download for matching
titles (regex or caseless sub&minus;string)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;max&minus;downloads</b>
<i>NUMBER</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Abort after downloading NUMBER
files</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;min&minus;filesize</b>
<i>SIZE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not download any videos
smaller than SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;max&minus;filesize</b>
<i>SIZE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not download any videos
larger than SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;date</b>
<i>DATE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download only videos uploaded
in this date</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;datebefore</b>
<i>DATE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download only videos uploaded
on or before this date (i.e. inclusive)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;dateafter</b>
<i>DATE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download only videos uploaded
on or after this date (i.e. inclusive)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;min&minus;views</b>
<i>COUNT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not download any videos with
less than COUNT views</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;max&minus;views</b>
<i>COUNT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not download any videos with
more than COUNT views</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;match&minus;filter</b>
<i>FILTER</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Generic video filter
(experimental). Specify any key (see help for &minus;o for a
list of available keys) to match if the key is present, !key
to check if the key is not present,key &gt; NUMBER (like
&quot;comment_count &gt; 12&quot;, also works with &gt;=,
&lt;, &lt;=, !=, =) to compare against a number, and &amp;
to require multiple matches. Values which are not known are
excluded unless you put a question mark (?) after the
operator.For example, to only match videos that have been
liked more than 100 times and disliked less than 50 times
(or the dislike functionality is not available at the given
service), but who also have a description, use
&minus;&minus;match&minus;filter &quot;like_count &gt; 100
&amp; dislike_count &lt;? 50 &amp; description&quot; .</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;playlist</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download only the video, if the
URL refers to a video and a playlist.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;yes&minus;playlist</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download the playlist, if the
URL refers to a video and a playlist.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;age&minus;limit</b>
<i>YEARS</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download only videos suitable
for the given age</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;download&minus;archive</b>
<i>FILE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download only videos not listed
in the archive file. Record the IDs of all downloaded videos
in it.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;include&minus;ads</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download advertisements as well
(experimental)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Download
Options: <br>
&minus;r, &minus;&minus;rate&minus;limit</b>
<i>LIMIT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Maximum download rate in bytes
per second (e.g. 50K or 4.2M)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;R,
&minus;&minus;retries</b> <i>RETRIES</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Number of retries (default is
10), or &quot;infinite&quot;.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;buffer&minus;size</b>
<i>SIZE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Size of download buffer (e.g.
1024 or 16K) (default is 1024)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;resize&minus;buffer</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not automatically adjust the
buffer size. By default, the buffer size is automatically
resized from an initial value of SIZE.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;playlist&minus;reverse</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download playlist videos in
reverse order</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;xattr&minus;set&minus;filesize</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Set file xattribute
ytdl.filesize with expected filesize (experimental)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;hls&minus;prefer&minus;native</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use the native HLS downloader
instead of ffmpeg (experimental)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;external&minus;downloader</b>
<i>COMMAND</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use the specified external
downloader. Currently supports
aria2c,axel,curl,httpie,wget</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;external&minus;downloader&minus;args</b>
<i>ARGS</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Give these arguments to the
external downloader</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Filesystem
Options: <br>
&minus;a, &minus;&minus;batch&minus;file</b> <i>FILE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">File containing URLs to
download ('&minus;' for stdin)</p>

<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
       cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="6%">


<p><b>&minus;&minus;id</b></p></td>
<td width="5%"></td>
<td width="46%">


<p>Use only video ID in file name</p></td>
<td width="32%">
</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;o,
&minus;&minus;output</b> <i>TEMPLATE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Output filename template. Use
%(title)s to get the title, %(uploader)s for the uploader
name, %(uploader_id)s for the uploader nickname if
different, %(autonumber)s to get an automatically
incremented number, %(ext)s for the filename extension,
%(format)s for the format description (like &quot;22 &minus;
1280x720&quot; or &quot;HD&quot;), %(format_id)s for the
unique id of the format (like YouTube's itags:
&quot;137&quot;), %(upload_date)s for the upload date
(YYYYMMDD), %(extractor)s for the provider (youtube,
metacafe, etc), %(id)s for the video id, %(playlist_title)s,
%(playlist_id)s, or %(playlist)s (=title if present, ID
otherwise) for the playlist the video is in,
%(playlist_index)s for the position in the playlist.
%(height)s and %(width)s for the width and height of the
video format. %(resolution)s for a textual description of
the resolution of the video format. %% for a literal
percent. Use &minus; to output to stdout. Can also be used
to download to a different directory, for example with
&minus;o '/my/downloads/%(uploader)s
/%(title)s&minus;%(id)s.%(ext)s' .</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;autonumber&minus;size</b>
<i>NUMBER</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify the number of digits in
%(autonumber)s when it is present in output filename
template or &minus;&minus;auto&minus;number option is
given</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;restrict&minus;filenames</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Restrict filenames to only
ASCII characters, and avoid &quot;&amp;&quot; and spaces in
filenames</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;A,
&minus;&minus;auto&minus;number</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">[deprecated; use &minus;o
&quot;%(autonumber)s&minus;%(title)s.%(ext)s&quot; ] Number
downloaded files starting from 00000</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;t,
&minus;&minus;title</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">[deprecated] Use title in file
name (default)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;l,
&minus;&minus;literal</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">[deprecated] Alias of
&minus;&minus;title</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;w,
&minus;&minus;no&minus;overwrites</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not overwrite files</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;c,
&minus;&minus;continue</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Force resume of partially
downloaded files. By default, youtube&minus;dl will resume
downloads if possible.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;continue</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not resume partially
downloaded files (restart from beginning)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;part</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not use .part files &minus;
write directly into output file</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;mtime</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not use the
Last&minus;modified header to set the file modification
time</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;write&minus;description</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write video description to a
.description file</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;write&minus;info&minus;json</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write video metadata to a
.info.json file</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;write&minus;annotations</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write video annotations to a
.annotations.xml file</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;load&minus;info</b>
<i>FILE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">JSON file containing the video
information (created with the
&quot;&minus;&minus;write&minus;info&minus;json&quot;
option)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;cookies</b>
<i>FILE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">File to read cookies from and
dump cookie jar in</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;cache&minus;dir</b>
<i>DIR</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Location in the filesystem
where youtube&minus;dl can store some downloaded information
permanently. By default $XDG_CACHE_HOME /youtube&minus;dl or
~/.cache/youtube&minus;dl . At the moment, only YouTube
player files (for videos with obfuscated signatures) are
cached, but that may change.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;cache&minus;dir</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Disable filesystem caching</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;rm&minus;cache&minus;dir</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Delete all filesystem cache
files</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Thumbnail
images: <br>
&minus;&minus;write&minus;thumbnail</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write thumbnail image to
disk</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;write&minus;all&minus;thumbnails</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write all thumbnail image
formats to disk</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;list&minus;thumbnails</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate and list all available
thumbnail formats</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Verbosity /
Simulation Options: <br>
&minus;q, &minus;&minus;quiet</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Activate quiet mode</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;warnings</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Ignore warnings</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;s,
&minus;&minus;simulate</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not download the video and
do not write anything to disk</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;skip&minus;download</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not download the video</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;g,
&minus;&minus;get&minus;url</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print
URL</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;e,
&minus;&minus;get&minus;title</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print
title</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;get&minus;id</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print
id</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;get&minus;thumbnail</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print
thumbnail URL</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;get&minus;description</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print video
description</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;get&minus;duration</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print video
length</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;get&minus;filename</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print
output filename</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;get&minus;format</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print
output format</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;j,
&minus;&minus;dump&minus;json</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print JSON
information. See &minus;&minus;output for a description of
available keys.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;J,
&minus;&minus;dump&minus;single&minus;json</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Simulate, quiet but print JSON
information for each command&minus;line argument. If the URL
refers to a playlist, dump the whole playlist information in
a single line.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;print&minus;json</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Be quiet and print the video
information as JSON (video is still being downloaded).</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;newline</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Output progress bar as new
lines</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;progress</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not print progress bar</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;console&minus;title</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Display progress in console
titlebar</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;v,
&minus;&minus;verbose</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Print various debugging
information</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;dump&minus;pages</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Print downloaded pages encoded
using base64 to debug problems (very verbose)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;write&minus;pages</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write downloaded intermediary
pages to files in the current directory to debug
problems</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;print&minus;traffic</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Display sent and read HTTP
traffic</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;C,
&minus;&minus;call&minus;home</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Contact the youtube&minus;dl
server for debugging</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;call&minus;home</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do NOT contact the
youtube&minus;dl server for debugging</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Workarounds:
<br>
&minus;&minus;encoding</b> <i>ENCODING</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Force the specified encoding
(experimental)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;check&minus;certificate</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Suppress HTTPS certificate
validation</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;prefer&minus;insecure</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use an unencrypted connection
to retrieve information about the video. (Currently
supported only for YouTube)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;user&minus;agent</b>
<i>UA</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify a custom user agent</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;referer</b>
<i>URL</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify a custom referer, use
if the video access is restricted to one domain</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;add&minus;header</b>
<i>FIELD:VALUE</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify a custom HTTP header
and its value, separated by a colon ':'. You can use this
option multiple times</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;bidi&minus;workaround</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Work around terminals that lack
bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv or fribidi
executable in PATH</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;sleep&minus;interval</b>
<i>SECONDS</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Number of seconds to sleep
before each download.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Video Format
Options: <br>
&minus;f, &minus;&minus;format</b> <i>FORMAT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Video format code, see the
&quot;FORMAT SELECTION&quot; for all the info</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;all&minus;formats</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download all available video
formats</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;prefer&minus;free&minus;formats</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Prefer free video formats
unless a specific one is requested</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;F,
&minus;&minus;list&minus;formats</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">List all available formats of
requested videos</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;youtube&minus;skip&minus;dash&minus;manifest</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not download the DASH
manifests and related data on YouTube videos</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;merge&minus;output&minus;format</b>
<i>FORMAT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">If a merge is required (e.g.
bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given container format. One
of mkv, mp4, ogg, webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is
required</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Subtitle
Options: <br>
&minus;&minus;write&minus;sub</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write subtitle file</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;write&minus;auto&minus;sub</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write automatically generated
subtitle file (YouTube only)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;all&minus;subs</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Download all the available
subtitles of the video</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;list&minus;subs</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">List all available subtitles
for the video</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;sub&minus;format</b>
<i>FORMAT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Subtitle format, accepts
formats preference, for example: &quot;srt&quot; or
&quot;ass/srt/best&quot;</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;sub&minus;lang</b>
<i>LANGS</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Languages of the subtitles to
download (optional) separated by commas, use IETF language
tags like 'en,pt'</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Authentication
Options: <br>
&minus;u, &minus;&minus;username</b> <i>USERNAME</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Login with this account ID</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;p,
&minus;&minus;password</b> <i>PASSWORD</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Account password. If this
option is left out, youtube&minus;dl will ask
interactively.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;2,
&minus;&minus;twofactor</b> <i>TWOFACTOR</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Two&minus;factor auth code</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;n,
&minus;&minus;netrc</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use .netrc authentication
data</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;video&minus;password</b>
<i>PASSWORD</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Video password (vimeo, smotri,
youku)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Post&minus;processing
Options: <br>
&minus;x, &minus;&minus;extract&minus;audio</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Convert video files to
audio&minus;only files (requires ffmpeg or avconv and
ffprobe or avprobe)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;audio&minus;format</b>
<i>FORMAT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify audio format:
&quot;best&quot;, &quot;aac&quot;, &quot;vorbis&quot;,
&quot;mp3&quot;, &quot;m4a&quot;, &quot;opus&quot;, or
&quot;wav&quot;; &quot;best&quot; by default</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;audio&minus;quality</b>
<i>QUALITY</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio
quality, insert a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse) for
VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K (default 5)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;recode&minus;video</b>
<i>FORMAT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Encode the video to another
format if necessary (currently supported:
mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv|avi)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;postprocessor&minus;args</b>
<i>ARGS</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Give these arguments to the
postprocessor</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;k,
&minus;&minus;keep&minus;video</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Keep the video file on disk
after the post&minus; processing; the video is erased by
default</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;no&minus;post&minus;overwrites</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not overwrite
post&minus;processed files; the post&minus;processed files
are overwritten by default</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;embed&minus;subs</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Embed subtitles in the video
(only for mkv and mp4 videos)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;embed&minus;thumbnail</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Embed thumbnail in the audio as
cover art</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;add&minus;metadata</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write metadata to the video
file</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;metadata&minus;from&minus;title</b>
<i>FORMAT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Parse additional metadata like
song title / artist from the video title. The format syntax
is the same as &minus;&minus;output, the parsed parameters
replace existing values. Additional templates: %(album)s,
%(artist)s. Example:
&minus;&minus;metadata&minus;from&minus;title
&quot;%(artist)s &minus; %(title)s&quot; matches a title
like &quot;Coldplay &minus; Paradise&quot;</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;xattrs</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Write metadata to the video
file's xattrs (using dublin core and xdg standards)</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;fixup</b>
<i>POLICY</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Automatically correct known
faults of the file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the default; fix file if we
can, warn otherwise)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;prefer&minus;avconv</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for
running the postprocessors (default)</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;prefer&minus;ffmpeg</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for
running the postprocessors</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;ffmpeg&minus;location</b>
<i>PATH</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Location of the ffmpeg/avconv
binary; either the path to the binary or its containing
directory.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;exec</b>
<i>CMD</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Execute a command on the file
after downloading, similar to find's &minus;exec syntax.
Example: &minus;&minus;exec 'adb push {} /sdcard/Music/
&amp;&amp; rm {}'</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>&minus;&minus;convert&minus;subtitles</b>
<i>FORMAT</i></p>

<p style="margin-left:22%;">Convert the subtitles to other
format (currently supported: srt|ass|vtt)</p>

<h2>CONFIGURATION
<a name="CONFIGURATION"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">You can
configure youtube&minus;dl by placing any supported command
line option to a configuration file. On Linux, the system
wide configuration file is located at
<tt>/etc/youtube&minus;dl.conf</tt> and the user wide
configuration file at
<tt>~/.config/youtube&minus;dl/config</tt>. On Windows, the
user wide configuration file locations are
<tt>%APPDATA%\youtube&minus;dl\config.txt</tt> or
<tt>C:\Users\&lt;user&nbsp;name&gt;\youtube&minus;dl.conf</tt>.
For example, with the following configuration file
youtube&minus;dl will always extract the audio, not copy the
mtime and use a proxy:</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">&minus;&minus;extract&minus;audio
&minus;&minus;no&minus;mtime
&minus;&minus;proxy&nbsp;127.0.0.1:3128</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">You can use
<tt>&minus;&minus;ignore&minus;config</tt> if you want to
disable the configuration file for a particular
youtube&minus;dl run.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Authentication
with</b> <tt>.netrc</tt> <b>file</b> <br>
You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage
for extractors that support authentication (by providing
login and password with <tt>&minus;&minus;username</tt> and
<tt>&minus;&minus;password</tt>) in order not to pass
credentials as command line arguments on every
youtube&minus;dl execution and prevent tracking plain text
passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this
using a <tt>.netrc</tt> file
(http://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on per extractor
basis. For that you will need to create a<tt>.netrc</tt>
file in your <tt>$HOME</tt> and restrict permissions to
read/write by you only:</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">touch&nbsp;$HOME/.netrc
chmod&nbsp;a&minus;rwx,u+rw&nbsp;$HOME/.netrc</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">After that you
can add credentials for extractor in the following format,
where <i>extractor</i> is the name of extractor in
lowercase:</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">machine&nbsp;&lt;extractor&gt;&nbsp;login&nbsp;&lt;login&gt;&nbsp;password&nbsp;&lt;password&gt;</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For
example:</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">machine&nbsp;youtube&nbsp;login&nbsp;myaccount@gmail.com&nbsp;password&nbsp;my_youtube_password
machine&nbsp;twitch&nbsp;login&nbsp;my_twitch_account_name&nbsp;password&nbsp;my_twitch_password</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To activate
authentication with the <tt>.netrc</tt> file you should pass
<tt>&minus;&minus;netrc</tt> to youtube&minus;dl or place it
in the configuration file (#configuration).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">On Windows you
may also need to setup the <tt>%HOME%</tt> environment
variable manually.</p>

<h2>OUTPUT TEMPLATE
<a name="OUTPUT TEMPLATE"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The
<tt>&minus;o</tt> option allows users to indicate a template
for the output file names. The basic usage is not to set any
template arguments when downloading a single file, like in
<tt>youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;o&nbsp;funny_video.flv&nbsp;&quot;http://some/video&quot;</tt>.
However, it may contain special sequences that will be
replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences
have the format <tt>%(NAME)s</tt>. To clarify, that is a
percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses, followed
by a lowercase S. Allowed names are:</p>

<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
       cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>id</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by the video
identifier.</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>url</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by the video
URL.</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>uploader</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by the
nickname of the person who uploaded the video.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>upload_date</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by
the upload date in YYYYMMDD format.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>title</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by the
video title.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>ext</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by the
appropriate extension (like flv or mp4).</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>epoch</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by the
Unix epoch when creating the file.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>autonumber</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by a
five&minus;digit number that will be increased with each
download, starting at zero.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>playlist</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by the
name or the id of the playlist that contains the video.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>playlist_index</tt>: The sequence will be replaced
by the index of the video in the playlist padded with
leading zeros according to the total length of the
playlist.</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>format_id</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by the
format code specified by <tt>&minus;&minus;format</tt>.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p><tt>duration</tt>: The sequence will be replaced by the
length of the video in seconds.</p></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The current
default template is
<tt>%(title)s&minus;%(id)s.%(ext)s</tt>.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In some cases,
you don't want special characters such as &auml;&cedil;,
spaces, or &amp;, such as when transferring the downloaded
filename to a Windows system or the filename through an
8bit&minus;unsafe channel. In these cases, add the
<tt>&minus;&minus;restrict&minus;filenames</tt> flag to get
a shorter title:</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">$&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;&minus;get&minus;filename&nbsp;&minus;o&nbsp;&quot;%(title)s.%(ext)s&quot;&nbsp;BaW_jenozKc
youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;test&nbsp;video&nbsp;''_&Atilde;&curren;&acirc;&eth;.mp4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#&nbsp;All&nbsp;kinds&nbsp;of&nbsp;weird&nbsp;characters
$&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;&minus;get&minus;filename&nbsp;&minus;o&nbsp;&quot;%(title)s.%(ext)s&quot;&nbsp;BaW_jenozKc&nbsp;&minus;&minus;restrict&minus;filenames
youtube&minus;dl_test_video_.mp4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#&nbsp;A&nbsp;simple&nbsp;file&nbsp;name</pre>


<h2>FORMAT SELECTION
<a name="FORMAT SELECTION"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">By default
youtube&minus;dl tries to download the best quality, but
sometimes you may want to download in a different format.
The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for
example <tt>&minus;f&nbsp;22</tt>. You can get the list of
available formats using
<tt>&minus;&minus;list&minus;formats</tt>, you can also use
a file extension (currently it supports aac, m4a, mp3, mp4,
ogg, wav, webm) or the special names <tt>best</tt>,
<tt>bestvideo</tt>, <tt>bestaudio</tt> and
<tt>worst</tt>.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you want to
download multiple videos and they don't have the same
formats available, you can specify the order of preference
using slashes, as in <tt>&minus;f&nbsp;22/17/18</tt>. You
can also filter the video results by putting a condition in
brackets, as in
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;&quot;best[height=720]&quot;</tt> (or
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;&quot;[filesize&gt;10M]&quot;</tt>). This
works for filesize, height, width, tbr, abr, vbr, asr, and
fps and the comparisons &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;=, =, != and
for ext, acodec, vcodec, container, and protocol and the
comparisons =, != . Formats for which the value is not known
are excluded unless you put a question mark (?) after the
operator. You can combine format filters, so
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;&quot;[height&nbsp;&lt;=?&nbsp;720][tbr&gt;500]&quot;</tt>
selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not
known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. Use commas to
download multiple formats, such as
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio</tt>.
You can merge the video and audio of two formats into a
single file using
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;&lt;video&minus;format&gt;+&lt;audio&minus;format&gt;</tt>
(requires ffmpeg or avconv), for example
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;bestvideo+bestaudio</tt>. Format selectors
can also be grouped using parentheses, for example if you
want to download the best mp4 and webm formats with a height
lower than 480 you can use
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;'(mp4,webm)[height&lt;480]'</tt>.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Since the end
of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26 youtube&minus;dl uses
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;bestvideo+bestaudio/best</tt> as default
format selection (see #5447, #5456). If ffmpeg or avconv are
installed this results in downloading <tt>bestvideo</tt> and
<tt>bestaudio</tt> separately and muxing them together into
a single file giving the best overall quality available.
Otherwise it falls back to <tt>best</tt> and results in
downloading the best available quality served as a single
file. <tt>best</tt> is also needed for videos that don't
come from YouTube because they don't provide the audio and
video in two different files. If you want to only download
some dash formats (for example if you are not interested in
getting videos with a resolution higher than 1080p), you can
add
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;bestvideo[height&lt;=?1080]+bestaudio/best</tt>
to your configuration file. Note that if you use
youtube&minus;dl to stream to <tt>stdout</tt> (and most
likely to pipe it to your media player then), i.e. you
explicitly specify output template as
<tt>&minus;o&nbsp;&minus;</tt>, youtube&minus;dl still uses
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;best</tt> format selection in order to
start content delivery immediately to your player and not to
wait until <tt>bestvideo</tt> and <tt>bestaudio</tt> are
downloaded and muxed.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you want to
preserve the old format selection behavior (prior to
youtube&minus;dl 2015.04.26), i.e. you want to download the
best available quality media served as a single file, you
should explicitly specify your choice with
<tt>&minus;f&nbsp;best</tt>. You may want to add it to the
configuration file (#configuration) in order not to type it
every time you run youtube&minus;dl.</p>

<h2>VIDEO SELECTION
<a name="VIDEO SELECTION"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Videos can be
filtered by their upload date using the options
<tt>&minus;&minus;date</tt>,
<tt>&minus;&minus;datebefore</tt> or
<tt>&minus;&minus;dateafter</tt>. They accept dates in two
formats:</p>

<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
       cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">Absolute dates: Dates in the
format <tt>YYYYMMDD</tt>.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="86%">


<p>Relative dates: Dates in the format
<tt>(now|today)[+&minus;][0&minus;9](day|week|month|year)(s)?</tt></p> </td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Examples:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">#&nbsp;Download&nbsp;only&nbsp;the&nbsp;videos&nbsp;uploaded&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;last&nbsp;6&nbsp;months
$&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;&minus;dateafter&nbsp;now&minus;6months

#&nbsp;Download&nbsp;only&nbsp;the&nbsp;videos&nbsp;uploaded&nbsp;on&nbsp;January&nbsp;1,&nbsp;1970
$&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;&minus;date&nbsp;19700101


$&nbsp;#&nbsp;Download&nbsp;only&nbsp;the&nbsp;videos&nbsp;uploaded&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;200x&nbsp;decade
$&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;&minus;dateafter&nbsp;20000101&nbsp;&minus;&minus;datebefore&nbsp;20091231</pre>


<h2>FAQ
<a name="FAQ"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>How do I
update youtube&minus;dl?</b> <br>
If you've followed our manual installation instructions
(http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html), you can
simply run <tt>youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;U</tt> (or, on
Linux,
<tt>sudo&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;U</tt>).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you have
used pip, a simple
<tt>sudo&nbsp;pip&nbsp;install&nbsp;&minus;U&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl</tt>
is sufficient to update.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you have
installed youtube&minus;dl using a package manager like
<i>apt&minus;get</i> or <i>yum</i>, use the standard system
update mechanism to update. Note that distribution packages
are often outdated. As a rule of thumb, youtube&minus;dl
releases at least once a month, and often weekly or even
daily. Simply go to http://yt&minus;dl.org/ to find out the
current version. Unfortunately, there is nothing we
youtube&minus;dl developers can do if your distribution
serves a really outdated version. You can (and should)
complain to your distribution in their bugtracker or support
forum.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">As a last
resort, you can also uninstall the version installed by your
package manager and follow our manual installation
instructions. For that, remove the distribution's package,
with a line like</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">sudo&nbsp;apt&minus;get&nbsp;remove&nbsp;&minus;y&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Afterwards,
simply follow our manual installation instructions
(http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html):</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">sudo&nbsp;wget&nbsp;https://yt&minus;dl.org/latest/youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;O&nbsp;/usr/local/bin/youtube&minus;dl
sudo&nbsp;chmod&nbsp;a+x&nbsp;/usr/local/bin/youtube&minus;dl
hash&nbsp;&minus;r</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Again, from
then on you'll be able to update with
<tt>sudo&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;U</tt>.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>I'm getting
an error</b> <tt><br>
Unable&nbsp;to&nbsp;extract&nbsp;OpenGraph&nbsp;title</tt>
on YouTube playlists</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">YouTube changed
their playlist format in March 2014 and later on, so you'll
need at least youtube&minus;dl 2014.07.25 to download all
YouTube videos.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you have
installed youtube&minus;dl with a package manager, pip,
setup.py or a tarball, please use that to update. Note that
Ubuntu packages do not seem to get updated anymore. Since we
are not affiliated with Ubuntu, there is little we can do.
Feel free to report bugs
(https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/youtube-dl/+filebug)
to the Ubuntu packaging guys
(mailto:ubuntu-motu@lists.ubuntu.com?subject=outdated%20version%20of%20youtube-dl)
&minus; all they have to do is update the package to a
somewhat recent version. See above for a way to update.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Do I always
have to pass</b> <tt>&minus;citw</tt><b>?</b> <br>
By default, youtube&minus;dl intends to have the best
options (incidentally, if you have a convincing case that
these should be different, please file an issue where you
explain that (https://yt-dl.org/bug)). Therefore, it is
unnecessary and sometimes harmful to copy long option
strings from webpages. In particular, the only option out of
<tt>&minus;citw</tt> that is regularly useful is
<tt>&minus;i</tt>.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Can you
please put the</b> <tt>&minus;b</tt> <b>option back?</b>
<br>
Most people asking this question are not aware that
youtube&minus;dl now defaults to downloading the highest
available quality as reported by YouTube, which will be
1080p or 720p in some cases, so you no longer need the
<tt>&minus;b</tt> option. For some specific videos, maybe
YouTube does not report them to be available in a specific
high quality format you're interested in. In that case,
simply request it with the <tt>&minus;f</tt> option and
youtube&minus;dl will try to download it.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>I get HTTP
error 402 when trying to download a video. What's</b> <br>
this?</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Apparently
YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download
too much. We're considering to provide a way to let you
solve the CAPTCHA
(https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/154), but at the
moment, your best course of action is pointing a webbrowser
to the youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart
youtube&minus;dl.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Do I need
any other programs?</b> <br>
youtube&minus;dl works fine on its own on most sites.
However, if you want to convert video/audio, you'll need
avconv (https://libav.org/) or ffmpeg
(https://www.ffmpeg.org/). On some sites &minus; most
notably YouTube &minus; videos can be retrieved in a higher
quality format without sound. youtube&minus;dl will detect
whether avconv/ffmpeg is present and automatically pick the
best option.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Videos or video
formats streamed via RTMP protocol can only be downloaded
when rtmpdump (https://rtmpdump.mplayerhq.hu/) is installed.
Downloading MMS and RTSP videos requires either mplayer
(http://mplayerhq.hu/) or mpv (https://mpv.io/) to be
installed.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>I have
downloaded a video but how can I play it?</b> <br>
Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player,
such as vlc (http://www.videolan.org) or mplayer
(http://www.mplayerhq.hu/).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>I extracted
a video URL with</b> <tt>&minus;g</tt><b>, but it does not
play on</b> <br>
another machine / in my webbrowser.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">It depends a
lot on the service. In many cases, requests for the video
(to download/play it) must come from the same IP address and
with the same cookies. Use the
<tt>&minus;&minus;cookies</tt> option to write the required
cookies into a file, and advise your downloader to read
cookies from that file. Some sites also require a common
user agent to be used, use
<tt>&minus;&minus;dump&minus;user&minus;agent</tt> to see
the one in use by youtube&minus;dl.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">It may be
beneficial to use IPv6; in some cases, the restrictions are
only applied to IPv4. Some services (sometimes only for a
subset of videos) do not restrict the video URL by IP
address, cookie, or user&minus;agent, but these are the
exception rather than the rule.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Please bear in
mind that some URL protocols are <b>not</b> supported by
browsers out of the box, including RTMP. If you are using
<tt>&minus;g</tt>, your own downloader must support these as
well.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you want to
play the video on a machine that is not running
youtube&minus;dl, you can relay the video content from the
machine that runs youtube&minus;dl. You can use
<tt>&minus;o&nbsp;&minus;</tt> to let youtube&minus;dl
stream a video to stdout, or simply allow the player to
download the files written by youtube&minus;dl in turn.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>ERROR: no
fmt_url_map or conn information found in video info</b> <br>
YouTube has switched to a new video info format in July 2011
which is not supported by old versions of youtube&minus;dl.
See above (#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update
youtube&minus;dl.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>ERROR:
unable to download video</b> <br>
YouTube requires an additional signature since September
2012 which is not supported by old versions of
youtube&minus;dl. See above (#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl)
for how to update youtube&minus;dl.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Video URL
contains an ampersand and I'm getting some strange</b> <br>
output <tt>[1]&nbsp;2839</tt> or
<tt>'v'&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;recognized&nbsp;as&nbsp;an&nbsp;internal&nbsp;or&nbsp;external&nbsp;command</tt></p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">That's actually
the output from your shell. Since ampersand is one of the
special shell characters it's interpreted by the shell
preventing you from passing the whole URL to
youtube&minus;dl. To disable your shell from interpreting
the ampersands (or any other special characters) you have to
either put the whole URL in quotes or escape them with a
backslash (which approach will work depends on your
shell).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For example if
your URL is
https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&amp;v=BaW_jenozKc you
should end up with following command:</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><tt>youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&amp;v=BaW_jenozKc'</tt></p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">or</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><tt>youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4\&amp;v=BaW_jenozKc</tt></p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For Windows you
have to use the double quotes:</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><tt>youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&amp;v=BaW_jenozKc&quot;</tt></p>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>ExtractorError:
Could not find JS function u'OF'</b> <br>
In February 2015, the new YouTube player contained a
character sequence in a string that was misinterpreted by
old versions of youtube&minus;dl. See above
(#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update
youtube&minus;dl.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>HTTP Error
429: Too Many Requests or 402: Payment Required</b> <br>
These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking
your IP address because of overuse. Contact the service and
ask them to unblock your IP address, or &minus; if you have
acquired a whitelisted IP address already &minus; use the
<tt>&minus;&minus;proxy</tt> or
<tt>&minus;&minus;source&minus;address</tt> options
(#network-options) to select another IP address.</p>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>SyntaxError:
Non&minus;ASCII character</b> <br>
The error</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">File&nbsp;&quot;youtube&minus;dl&quot;,&nbsp;line&nbsp;2
SyntaxError:&nbsp;Non&minus;ASCII&nbsp;character&nbsp;'\x93'&nbsp;...</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">means you're
using an outdated version of Python. Please update to Python
2.6 or 2.7.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>What is this
binary file? Where has the code gone?</b> <br>
Since June 2012 (#342) youtube&minus;dl is packed as an
executable zipfile, simply unzip it (might need renaming to
<tt>youtube&minus;dl.zip</tt> first on some systems) or
clone the git repository, as laid out above. If you modify
the code, you can run it by executing the
<tt>__main__.py</tt> file. To recompile the executable, run
<tt>make&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl</tt>.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>The exe
throws a</b> <i>Runtime error from Visual C++</i> <br>
To run the exe you need to install first the Microsoft
Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable Package
(http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=29).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>On Windows,
how should I set up ffmpeg and youtube&minus;dl? Where
should</b> <br>
I put the exe files?</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you put
youtube&minus;dl and ffmpeg in the same directory that
you're running the command from, it will work, but that's
rather cumbersome.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To make a
different directory work &minus; either for ffmpeg, or for
youtube&minus;dl, or for both &minus; simply create the
directory (say, <tt>C:\bin</tt>, or
<tt>C:\Users\&lt;User&nbsp;name&gt;\bin</tt>), put all the
executables directly in there, and then set your PATH
environment variable
(https://www.java.com/en/download/help/path.xml) to include
that directory.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">From then on,
after restarting your shell, you will be able to access both
youtube&minus;dl and ffmpeg (and youtube&minus;dl will be
able to find ffmpeg) by simply typing
<tt>youtube&minus;dl</tt> or <tt>ffmpeg</tt>, no matter what
directory you're in.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>How do I put
downloads into a specific folder?</b> <br>
Use the <tt>&minus;o</tt> to specify an output template
(#output-template), for example
<tt>&minus;o&nbsp;&quot;/home/user/videos/%(title)s&minus;%(id)s.%(ext)s&quot;</tt>.
If you want this for all of your downloads, put the option
into your configuration file (#configuration).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>How do I
download a video starting with a</b>
<tt>&minus;</tt><b>?</b> <br>
Either prepend <tt>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=</tt> or
separate the ID from the options with
<tt>&minus;&minus;</tt>:</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;&minus;&nbsp;&minus;wNyEUrxzFU
youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=&minus;wNyEUrxzFU&quot;</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>How do I
pass cookies to youtube&minus;dl?</b> <br>
Use the <tt>&minus;&minus;cookies</tt> option, for example
<tt>&minus;&minus;cookies&nbsp;/path/to/cookies/file.txt</tt>.
Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape
format and the first line of the cookies file must be either
<tt>#&nbsp;HTTP&nbsp;Cookie&nbsp;File</tt> or
<tt>#&nbsp;Netscape&nbsp;HTTP&nbsp;Cookie&nbsp;File</tt>.
Make sure you have correct newline format
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) in the cookies file
and convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your
OS, namely <tt>CRLF</tt> (<tt>\r\n</tt>) for Windows,
<tt>LF</tt> (<tt>\n</tt>) for Linux and <tt>CR</tt>
(<tt>\r</tt>) for Mac OS.
<tt>HTTP&nbsp;Error&nbsp;400:&nbsp;Bad&nbsp;Request</tt>
when using <tt>&minus;&minus;cookies</tt> is a good sign of
invalid newline format.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Passing cookies
to youtube&minus;dl is a good way to workaround login when a
particular extractor does not implement it explicitly.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Can you add
support for this anime video site, or site which shows</b>
<br>
current movies for free?</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">As a matter of
policy (as well as legality), youtube&minus;dl does not
include support for services that specialize in infringing
copyright. As a rule of thumb, if you cannot easily find a
video that the service is quite obviously allowed to
distribute (i.e. that has been uploaded by the creator, the
creator's distributor, or is published under a free
license), the service is probably unfit for inclusion to
youtube&minus;dl.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">A note on the
service that they don't host the infringing content, but
just link to those who do, is evidence that the service
should <b>not</b> be included into youtube&minus;dl. The
same goes for any DMCA note when the whole front page of the
service is filled with videos they are not allowed to
distribute. A &quot;fair use&quot; note is equally
unconvincing if the service shows copyright&minus;protected
videos in full without authorization.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Support
requests for services that <b>do</b> purchase the rights to
distribute their content are perfectly fine though. If in
doubt, you can simply include a source that mentions the
legitimate purchase of content.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>How can I
speed up work on my issue?</b> <br>
(Also known as: Help, my important issue not being solved!)
The youtube&minus;dl core developer team is quite small.
While we do our best to solve as many issues as possible,
sometimes that can take quite a while. To speed up your
issue, here's what you can do:</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">First of all,
please do report the issue at our issue tracker
(https://yt-dl.org/bugs). That allows us to coordinate all
efforts by users and developers, and serves as a unified
point. Unfortunately, the youtube&minus;dl project has grown
too large to use personal email as an effective
communication channel.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Please read the
bug reporting instructions (#bugs) below. A lot of bugs lack
all the necessary information. If you can, offer proxy, VPN,
or shell access to the youtube&minus;dl developers. If you
are able to, test the issue from multiple computers in
multiple countries to exclude local censorship or
misconfiguration issues.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If nobody is
interested in solving your issue, you are welcome to take
matters into your own hands and submit a pull request (or
coerce/pay somebody else to do so).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Feel free to
bump the issue from time to time by writing a small comment
(&quot;Issue is still present in youtube&minus;dl version
...from France, but fixed from Belgium&quot;), but please
not more than once a month. Please do not declare your issue
as <tt>important</tt> or <tt>urgent</tt>.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>How can I
detect whether a given URL is supported by
youtube&minus;dl?</b> <br>
For one, have a look at the list of supported sites
(docs/supportedsites.md). Note that it can sometimes happen
that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from
http://example.com/video/1234567 to
http://example.com/v/1234567 ) and youtube&minus;dl reports
an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In that
case, simply report a bug.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">It is
<i>not</i> possible to detect whether a URL is supported or
not. That's because youtube&minus;dl contains a generic
extractor which matches <b>all</b> URLs. You may be tempted
to disable, exclude, or remove the generic extractor, but
the generic extractor not only allows users to extract
videos from lots of websites that embed a video from another
service, but may also be used to extract video from a
service that it's hosting itself. Therefore, we neither
recommend nor support disabling, excluding, or removing the
generic extractor.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you want to
find out whether a given URL is supported, simply call
youtube&minus;dl with it. If you get no videos back, chances
are the URL is either not referring to a video or
unsupported. You can find out which by examining the output
(if you run youtube&minus;dl on the console) or catching an
<tt>UnsupportedError</tt> exception if you run it from a
Python program.</p>

<h2>DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS
<a name="DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Most users do
not need to build youtube&minus;dl and can download the
builds (http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html) or
get them from their distribution.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To run
youtube&minus;dl as a developer, you don't need to build
anything either. Simply execute</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">python&nbsp;&minus;m&nbsp;youtube_dl</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To run the
test, simply invoke your favorite test runner, or execute a
test file directly; any of the following work:</p>

<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">python&nbsp;&minus;m&nbsp;unittest&nbsp;discover
python&nbsp;test/test_download.py
nosetests</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If you want to
create a build of youtube&minus;dl yourself, you'll need</p>

<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
       cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="14%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">python</p></td>
<td width="72%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="14%">


<p>make</p></td>
<td width="72%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="14%">


<p>pandoc</p></td>
<td width="72%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="14%">


<p>zip</p></td>
<td width="72%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="14%">


<p>nosetests</p></td>
<td width="72%">
</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Adding
support for a new site</b> <br>
If you want to add support for a new site, you can follow
this quick list (assuming your service is called
<tt>yourextractor</tt>):</p>

<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
       cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="12%"></td>
<td width="3%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">1.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">Fork this repository
(https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/fork)</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="12%"></td>
<td width="3%">


<p>2.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p>Check out the source code with
<tt>git&nbsp;clone&nbsp;git@github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/youtube&minus;dl.git</tt></p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="12%"></td>
<td width="3%">


<p>3.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p>Start a new git branch with
<tt>cd&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl;&nbsp;git&nbsp;checkout&nbsp;&minus;b&nbsp;yourextractor</tt></p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="12%"></td>
<td width="3%">


<p>4.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p>Start with this simple template and save it to
<tt>youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py</tt>:</p> </td></tr>
</table>
<pre style="margin-left:28%; margin-top: 1em">#&nbsp;coding:&nbsp;utf&minus;8
from&nbsp;__future__&nbsp;import&nbsp;unicode_literals

from&nbsp;.common&nbsp;import&nbsp;InfoExtractor


class&nbsp;YourExtractorIE(InfoExtractor):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    _VALID_URL&nbsp;=&nbsp;r'https?://(?:www\.)?yourextractor\.com/watch/(?P&lt;id&gt;[0&minus;9]+)'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    _TEST&nbsp;=&nbsp;{&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        'url':&nbsp;'http://yourextractor.com/watch/42',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        'md5':&nbsp;'TODO:&nbsp;md5&nbsp;sum&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;10241&nbsp;bytes&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;video&nbsp;file&nbsp;(use&nbsp;&minus;&minus;test)',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        'info_dict':&nbsp;{&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            'id':&nbsp;'42',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            'ext':&nbsp;'mp4',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            'title':&nbsp;'Video&nbsp;title&nbsp;goes&nbsp;here',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            'thumbnail':&nbsp;'re:^https?://.*\.jpg$',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            #&nbsp;TODO&nbsp;more&nbsp;properties,&nbsp;either&nbsp;as:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            #&nbsp;*&nbsp;A&nbsp;value&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            #&nbsp;*&nbsp;MD5&nbsp;checksum;&nbsp;start&nbsp;the&nbsp;string&nbsp;with&nbsp;md5:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            #&nbsp;*&nbsp;A&nbsp;regular&nbsp;expression;&nbsp;start&nbsp;the&nbsp;string&nbsp;with&nbsp;re:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            #&nbsp;*&nbsp;Any&nbsp;Python&nbsp;type&nbsp;(for&nbsp;example&nbsp;int&nbsp;or&nbsp;float)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        }&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    }&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

    def&nbsp;_real_extract(self,&nbsp;url):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        video_id&nbsp;=&nbsp;self._match_id(url)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        webpage&nbsp;=&nbsp;self._download_webpage(url,&nbsp;video_id)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

        #&nbsp;TODO&nbsp;more&nbsp;code&nbsp;goes&nbsp;here,&nbsp;for&nbsp;example&nbsp;...&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        title&nbsp;=&nbsp;self._html_search_regex(r'&lt;h1&gt;(.+?)&lt;/h1&gt;',&nbsp;webpage,&nbsp;'title')&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;


        return&nbsp;{&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            'id':&nbsp;video_id,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            'title':&nbsp;title,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            'description':&nbsp;self._og_search_description(webpage),&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            'uploader':&nbsp;self._search_regex(r'&lt;div[^&gt;]+id=&quot;uploader&quot;[^&gt;]*&gt;([^&lt;]+)&lt;',&nbsp;webpage,&nbsp;'uploader',&nbsp;fatal=False),&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
            #&nbsp;TODO&nbsp;more&nbsp;properties&nbsp;(see&nbsp;youtube_dl/extractor/common.py)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        }</pre>


<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
       cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="12%"></td>
<td width="3%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">5.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">Add an import in
<tt>youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py</tt>
(https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py).</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="12%"></td>
<td width="3%">


<p>6.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p>Run
<tt>python&nbsp;test/test_download.py&nbsp;TestDownload.test_YourExtractor</tt>.
This <i>should fail</i> at first, but you can continually
re&minus;run it until you're done. If you decide to add more
than one test, then rename <tt>_TEST</tt> to <tt>_TESTS</tt>
and make it into a list of dictionaries. The tests will then
be named <tt>TestDownload.test_YourExtractor</tt>,
<tt>TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1</tt>,
<tt>TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2</tt>, etc.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="12%"></td>
<td width="3%">


<p>7.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p>Have a look at <tt>youtube_dl/extractor/common.py</tt>
(https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py)
for possible helper methods and a detailed description of
what your extractor should and may return
(https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L62-L200).
Add tests and code for as many as you want.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="12%"></td>
<td width="3%">


<p>8.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p>If you can, check the code with flake8
(https://pypi.python.org/pypi/flake8).</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="12%"></td>
<td width="3%">


<p>9.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p>When the tests pass, add
(http://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files and commit
(http://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and push
(http://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like
this:</p> </td></tr>
</table>

<pre style="margin-left:28%; margin-top: 1em">$&nbsp;git&nbsp;add&nbsp;youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py
$&nbsp;git&nbsp;add&nbsp;youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py
$&nbsp;git&nbsp;commit&nbsp;&minus;m&nbsp;'[yourextractor]&nbsp;Add&nbsp;new&nbsp;extractor'
$&nbsp;git&nbsp;push&nbsp;origin&nbsp;yourextractor</pre>


<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
       cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="4%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">10.</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">Finally, create a pull request
(https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request).
We'll then review and merge it.</p></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In any case,
thank you very much for your contributions!</p>

<h2>EMBEDDING YOUTUBE&minus;DL
<a name="EMBEDDING YOUTUBE&minus;DL"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">youtube&minus;dl
makes the best effort to be a good command&minus;line
program, and thus should be callable from any programming
language. If you encounter any problems parsing its output,
feel free to create a report
(https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/new).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">From a Python
program, you can embed youtube&minus;dl in a more powerful
fashion, like this:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">from&nbsp;__future__&nbsp;import&nbsp;unicode_literals
import&nbsp;youtube_dl


ydl_opts&nbsp;=&nbsp;{}
with&nbsp;youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts)&nbsp;as&nbsp;ydl:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])</pre>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Most likely,
you'll want to use various options. For a list of what can
be done, have a look at <tt>youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py</tt>
(https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py#L121-L269).
For a start, if you want to intercept youtube&minus;dl's
output, set a <tt>logger</tt> object.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Here's a more
complete example of a program that outputs only errors (and
a short message after the download is finished), and
downloads/converts the video to an mp3 file:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">from&nbsp;__future__&nbsp;import&nbsp;unicode_literals
import&nbsp;youtube_dl


class&nbsp;MyLogger(object):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    def&nbsp;debug(self,&nbsp;msg):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        pass&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

    def&nbsp;warning(self,&nbsp;msg):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        pass&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

    def&nbsp;error(self,&nbsp;msg):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        print(msg)


def&nbsp;my_hook(d):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    if&nbsp;d['status']&nbsp;==&nbsp;'finished':&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        print('Done&nbsp;downloading,&nbsp;now&nbsp;converting&nbsp;...')


ydl_opts&nbsp;=&nbsp;{&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    'format':&nbsp;'bestaudio/best',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    'postprocessors':&nbsp;[{&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        'key':&nbsp;'FFmpegExtractAudio',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        'preferredcodec':&nbsp;'mp3',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        'preferredquality':&nbsp;'192',&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    }],&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    'logger':&nbsp;MyLogger(),&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    'progress_hooks':&nbsp;[my_hook],
}
with&nbsp;youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts)&nbsp;as&nbsp;ydl:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])</pre>


<h2>BUGS
<a name="BUGS"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Bugs and
suggestions should be reported at:
&lt;https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues&gt;. Unless you
were prompted so or there is another pertinent reason (e.g.
GitHub fails to accept the bug report), please do not send
bug reports via personal email. For discussions, join us in
the IRC channel #youtube&minus;dl
(irc://chat.freenode.net/#youtube-dl) on freenode (webchat
(http://webchat.freenode.net/?randomnick=1&amp;channels=youtube-dl)).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Please
include the full output of youtube&minus;dl when run
with</b> <tt>&minus;v, i.e. add &minus;v flag to your
command line, copy the</tt> <b>whole</b> <tt>output and post
it in the issue body wrapped in &lsquo;&lsquo;&lsquo; for
better formatting. It should look similar to this:</tt></p>


<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><tt>$&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;v&nbsp;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj
<br>
[debug]&nbsp;System&nbsp;config:&nbsp;[] <br>
[debug]&nbsp;User&nbsp;config:&nbsp;[] <br>

[debug]&nbsp;Command&minus;line&nbsp;args:&nbsp;[u'&minus;v',&nbsp;u'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj']
<br>

[debug]&nbsp;Encodings:&nbsp;locale&nbsp;cp1251,&nbsp;fs&nbsp;mbcs,&nbsp;out&nbsp;cp866,&nbsp;pref&nbsp;cp1251
<br>
[debug]&nbsp;youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;version&nbsp;2015.12.06
<br>
[debug]&nbsp;Git&nbsp;HEAD:&nbsp;135392e <br>

[debug]&nbsp;Python&nbsp;version&nbsp;2.6.6&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;Windows&minus;2003Server&minus;5.2.3790&minus;SP2
<br>

[debug]&nbsp;exe&nbsp;versions:&nbsp;ffmpeg&nbsp;N&minus;75573&minus;g1d0487f,&nbsp;ffprobe&nbsp;N&minus;75573&minus;g1d0487f,&nbsp;rtmpdump&nbsp;2.4
<br>
[debug]&nbsp;Proxy&nbsp;map:&nbsp;{} <br>
...</tt></p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Do not post
screenshots of verbose log only plain text is
acceptable.</b></p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The output
(including the first lines) contains important debugging
information. Issues without the full output are often not
reproducible and therefore do not get solved in short order,
if ever.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Please
re&minus;read your issue once again to avoid a couple of
common mistakes (you can and should use this as a
checklist):</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Is the
description of the issue itself sufficient?</b> <br>
We often get issue reports that we cannot really decipher.
While in most cases we eventually get the required
information after asking back multiple times, this poses an
unnecessary drain on our resources. Many contributors,
including myself, are also not native speakers, so we may
misread some parts.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">So please
elaborate on what feature you are requesting, or what bug
you want to be fixed. Make sure that it's obvious</p>

<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
       cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="64%">


<p style="margin-top: 1em">What the problem is</p></td>
<td width="22%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="64%">


<p>How it could be fixed</p></td>
<td width="22%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="1%">


<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="64%">


<p>How your proposed solution would look like</p></td>
<td width="22%">
</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If your report
is shorter than two lines, it is almost certainly missing
some of these, which makes it hard for us to respond to it.
We're often too polite to close the issue outright, but the
missing info makes misinterpretation likely. As a committer
myself, I often get frustrated by these issues, since the
only possible way for me to move forward on them is to ask
for clarification over and over.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For bug
reports, this means that your report should contain the
<i>complete</i> output of youtube&minus;dl when called with
the <tt>&minus;v</tt> flag. The error message you get for
(most) bugs even says so, but you would not believe how many
of our bug reports do not contain this information.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If your server
has multiple IPs or you suspect censorship, adding
<tt>&minus;&minus;call&minus;home</tt> may be a good idea to
get more diagnostics. If the error is
<tt>ERROR:&nbsp;Unable&nbsp;to&nbsp;extract&nbsp;...</tt>
and you cannot reproduce it from multiple countries, add
<tt>&minus;&minus;dump&minus;pages</tt> (warning: this will
yield a rather large output, redirect it to the file
<tt>log.txt</tt> by adding
<tt>&gt;log.txt&nbsp;2&gt;&amp;1</tt> to your
command&minus;line) or upload the <tt>.dump</tt> files you
get when you add <tt>&minus;&minus;write&minus;pages</tt>
somewhere (https://gist.github.com/).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Site support
requests must contain an example URL</b>. An example URL is
a URL you might want to download, like
<tt>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc</tt>. There
should be an obvious video present. Except under very
special circumstances, the main page of a video service
(e.g. <tt>http://www.youtube.com/</tt>) is <i>not</i> an
example URL.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Are you
using the latest version?</b> <br>
Before reporting any issue, type
<tt>youtube&minus;dl&nbsp;&minus;U</tt>. This should report
that you're up&minus;to&minus;date. About 20% of the reports
we receive are already fixed, but people are using outdated
versions. This goes for feature requests as well.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Is the issue
already documented?</b> <br>
Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue
you're trying to open. Search at the top of the window or
browse the GitHub Issues
(https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/search?type=Issues) of
this repository. If there is an issue, feel free to write
something along the lines of &quot;This affects me as well,
with version 2015.01.01. Here is some more information on
the issue: ...&quot;. While some issues may be old, a new
post into them often spurs rapid activity.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Why are
existing options not enough?</b> <br>
Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at
the list of supported options
(https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/README.md#synopsis).
Many feature requests are for features that actually exist
already! Please, absolutely do show off your work in the
issue report and detail how the existing similar options do
<i>not</i> solve your problem.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Is there
enough context in your bug report?</b> <br>
People want to solve problems, and often think they do us a
favor by breaking down their larger problems (e.g. wanting
to skip already downloaded files) to a specific request
(e.g. requesting us to look whether the file exists before
downloading the info page). However, what often happens is
that they break down the problem into two steps: One simple,
and one impossible (or extremely complicated one).</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">We are then
presented with a very complicated request when the original
problem could be solved far easier, e.g. by recording the
downloaded video IDs in a separate file. To avoid this, you
must include the greater context where it is
non&minus;obvious. In particular, every feature request that
does not consist of adding support for a new site should
contain a use case scenario that explains in what situation
the missing feature would be useful.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Does the
issue involve one problem, and one problem only?</b> <br>
Some of our users seem to think there is a limit of issues
they can or should open. There is no limit of issues they
can or should open. While it may seem appealing to be able
to dump all your issues into one ticket, that means that
someone who solves one of your issues cannot mark the issue
as closed. Typically, reporting a bunch of issues leads to
the ticket lingering since nobody wants to attack that
behemoth, until someone mercifully splits the issue into
multiple ones.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In particular,
every site support request issue should only pertain to
services at one site (generally under a common domain, but
always using the same backend technology). Do not request
support for vimeo user videos, Whitehouse podcasts, and
Google Plus pages in the same issue. Also, make sure that
you don't post bug reports alongside feature requests. As a
rule of thumb, a feature request does not include outputs of
youtube&minus;dl that are not immediately related to the
feature at hand. Do not post reports of a network error
alongside the request for a new video service.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Is anyone
going to need the feature?</b> <br>
Only post features that you (or an incapacitated friend you
can personally talk to) require. Do not post features
because they seem like a good idea. If they are really
useful, they will be requested by someone who requires
them.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Is your
question about youtube&minus;dl?</b> <br>
It may sound strange, but some bug reports we receive are
completely unrelated to youtube&minus;dl and relate to a
different or even the reporter's own application. Please
make sure that you are actually using youtube&minus;dl. If
you are using a UI for youtube&minus;dl, report the bug to
the maintainer of the actual application providing the UI.
On the other hand, if your UI for youtube&minus;dl fails in
some way you believe is related to youtube&minus;dl, by all
means, go ahead and report the bug.</p>

<h2>COPYRIGHT
<a name="COPYRIGHT"></a>
</h2>


<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">youtube&minus;dl
is released into the public domain by the copyright
holders.</p>

<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This README
file was originally written by Daniel Bolton
(https://github.com/dbbolton) and is likewise released into
the public domain.</p>
<hr>
</body>
</html>