guix-cookbook.fr.po 373 KB

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  1. # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
  2. # Copyright (C) 2021 the authors of Guix (msgids) and the following authors (msgstr)
  3. # This file is distributed under the same license as the guix manual package.
  4. # Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>, 2021, 2022, 2023.
  5. # Francois Polito <francois@polito.se>, 2021.
  6. # tisse vert <tissevert+fedora@marvid.fr>, 2021.
  7. msgid ""
  8. msgstr ""
  9. "Project-Id-Version: guix manual checkout\n"
  10. "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-guix@gnu.org\n"
  11. "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-05-07 03:18+0000\n"
  12. "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-28 18:20+0000\n"
  13. "Last-Translator: Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>\n"
  14. "Language-Team: French <https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook/fr/>\n"
  15. "Language: fr\n"
  16. "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
  17. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
  18. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
  19. "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
  20. "X-Generator: Weblate 4.17\n"
  21. #. type: Plain text
  22. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7
  23. msgid "@documentencoding UTF-8"
  24. msgstr ""
  25. "@documentencoding UTF-8\n"
  26. "@documentlanguage fr\n"
  27. "@frenchspacing on"
  28. #. type: top
  29. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:41
  30. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:55
  31. #, no-wrap
  32. msgid "GNU Guix Cookbook"
  33. msgstr "Livre de recettes de GNU Guix"
  34. #. type: copying
  35. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:26
  36. msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 2019, 2022 Ricardo Wurmus@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber@* Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Joshua Branson@* Copyright @copyright{} 2022 Maxim Cournoyer@* Copyright @copyright{} 2023 Ludovic Courtès"
  37. msgstr ""
  38. "Copyright @copyright{} 2019, 2022 Ricardo Wurmus@*\n"
  39. "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@*\n"
  40. "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@*\n"
  41. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@*\n"
  42. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@*\n"
  43. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@*\n"
  44. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@*\n"
  45. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@*\n"
  46. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber@*\n"
  47. "Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Joshua Branson@*\n"
  48. "Copyright @copyright{} 2022 Maxim Cournoyer@*\n"
  49. "Copyright @copyright{} 2023 Ludovic Courtès"
  50. #. type: copying
  51. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:33
  52. msgid "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''."
  53. msgstr "Vous avez la permission de copier, distribuer ou modifier ce document sous les termes de la Licence GNU Free Documentation, version 1.3 ou toute version ultérieure publiée par la Free Software Foundation ; sans section invariante, texte de couverture et sans texte de quatrième de couverture. Une copie de la licence est incluse dans la section intitulée « GNU Free Documentation License »."
  54. #. type: dircategory
  55. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:35
  56. #, no-wrap
  57. msgid "System administration"
  58. msgstr "Administration système"
  59. #. type: menuentry
  60. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:38
  61. msgid "Guix cookbook: (guix-cookbook)"
  62. msgstr "Livre de recettes de Guix: (guix-cookbook.fr)"
  63. #. type: menuentry
  64. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:38
  65. msgid "Tutorials and examples for GNU Guix."
  66. msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples pour GNU Guix."
  67. #. type: subtitle
  68. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:42
  69. #, no-wrap
  70. msgid "Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager"
  71. msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples d'utilisation du gestionnaire de paquets GNU Guix"
  72. #. type: author
  73. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:43
  74. #, no-wrap
  75. msgid "The GNU Guix Developers"
  76. msgstr "Les développeurs de GNU Guix"
  77. #. type: node
  78. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:54
  79. #, no-wrap
  80. msgid "Top"
  81. msgstr "Top"
  82. #. type: Plain text
  83. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:61
  84. msgid "This document presents tutorials and detailed examples for GNU@tie{}Guix, a functional package management tool written for the GNU system. Please @pxref{Top,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual} for details about the system, its API, and related concepts."
  85. msgstr "Ce document propose des didacticiels et des exemples détaillés pour GNU@tie{}Guix, un outil de gestion des paquets fonctionnel écrit pour le système GNU. @pxref{Top,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix} pour plus de détails sur le système, son API et les concepts associés."
  86. #. You can replace the following paragraph with information on
  87. #. type: Plain text
  88. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:71
  89. msgid "This manual is also available in French (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook.fr, Livre de recettes de GNU Guix}) and German (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook.de, GNU-Guix-Kochbuch}). If you would like to translate this document in your native language, consider joining @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate} (@pxref{Translating Guix,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual})."
  90. msgstr "Ce manuel est aussi disponible en anglais (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook, GNU Guix Cookbook}) et en allemand (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook.de, GNU-Guix-Kochbuch}). Si vous désirez traduire ce document dans votre langue maternelle, rejoignez @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate} (@pxref{Traduire Guix,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix})."
  91. #. type: chapter
  92. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:131
  93. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:132
  94. #, no-wrap
  95. msgid "Scheme tutorials"
  96. msgstr "Didacticiels pour Scheme"
  97. #. type: menuentry
  98. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80
  99. msgid "Meet your new favorite language!"
  100. msgstr "Découvrez votre nouveau langage préféré !"
  101. #. type: chapter
  102. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:89
  103. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:353 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:354
  104. #, no-wrap
  105. msgid "Packaging"
  106. msgstr "Empaquetage"
  107. #. type: menuentry
  108. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80
  109. msgid "Packaging tutorials"
  110. msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"
  111. #. type: chapter
  112. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:93
  113. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1411 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1412
  114. #, no-wrap
  115. msgid "System Configuration"
  116. msgstr "Configuration du système"
  117. #. type: menuentry
  118. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80
  119. msgid "Customizing the GNU System"
  120. msgstr "Personnalisation du système GNU"
  121. #. type: chapter
  122. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:107
  123. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2759 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2760
  124. #, no-wrap
  125. msgid "Containers"
  126. msgstr "Conteneurs"
  127. #. type: menuentry
  128. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80
  129. msgid "Isolated environments and nested systems"
  130. msgstr "Environnements isolés et systèmes imbriqués"
  131. #. type: chapter
  132. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:112
  133. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3158 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3159
  134. #, no-wrap
  135. msgid "Advanced package management"
  136. msgstr "Gestion avancée des paquets"
  137. #. type: menuentry
  138. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80
  139. msgid "Power to the users!"
  140. msgstr "Le pouvoir aux utilisateurs !"
  141. #. type: chapter
  142. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:116
  143. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3557 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3558
  144. #, no-wrap
  145. msgid "Environment management"
  146. msgstr "Gestion de l'environnement"
  147. #. type: menuentry
  148. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80
  149. msgid "Control environment"
  150. msgstr "Environnement de contrôle"
  151. #. type: chapter
  152. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:120
  153. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3682 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3683
  154. #, no-wrap
  155. msgid "Installing Guix on a Cluster"
  156. msgstr "Installer Guix sur une grappe de calcul"
  157. #. type: menuentry
  158. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80
  159. msgid "High-performance computing."
  160. msgstr "Calcul haute-performance."
  161. #. type: chapter
  162. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4055
  163. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4056
  164. #, no-wrap
  165. msgid "Acknowledgments"
  166. msgstr "Remerciements"
  167. #. type: menuentry
  168. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84
  169. msgid "Thanks!"
  170. msgstr "Merci !"
  171. #. type: appendix
  172. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4082
  173. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4083
  174. #, no-wrap
  175. msgid "GNU Free Documentation License"
  176. msgstr "La licence GNU Free Documentation"
  177. #. type: menuentry
  178. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84
  179. msgid "The license of this document."
  180. msgstr "La licence de ce document."
  181. #. type: unnumbered
  182. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4088
  183. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4089
  184. #, no-wrap
  185. msgid "Concept Index"
  186. msgstr "Index des concepts"
  187. #. type: menuentry
  188. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84
  189. msgid "Concepts."
  190. msgstr "Les concepts."
  191. #. type: menuentry
  192. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:87
  193. msgid "--- The Detailed Node Listing ---"
  194. msgstr "--- Liste détaillée des nœuds ---"
  195. #. type: section
  196. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:91 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:365
  197. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:367 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:368
  198. #, no-wrap
  199. msgid "Packaging Tutorial"
  200. msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"
  201. #. type: menuentry
  202. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:91 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:365
  203. msgid "A tutorial on how to add packages to Guix."
  204. msgstr "Un didacticiel sur la manière d'ajouter des paquets à Guix."
  205. #. type: section
  206. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  207. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1435 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1436
  208. #, no-wrap
  209. msgid "Auto-Login to a Specific TTY"
  210. msgstr "Connexion automatique à un TTY donné"
  211. #. type: menuentry
  212. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  213. msgid "Automatically Login a User to a Specific TTY"
  214. msgstr "Connecter automatiquement un utilisateur sur un TTY donné"
  215. #. type: section
  216. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  217. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1480 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1481
  218. #, no-wrap
  219. msgid "Customizing the Kernel"
  220. msgstr "Personnalisation du noyau"
  221. #. type: menuentry
  222. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  223. msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System."
  224. msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé sur le système Guix."
  225. #. type: section
  226. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  227. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1718 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1719
  228. #, no-wrap
  229. msgid "Guix System Image API"
  230. msgstr "L'API de création d'images du système Guix"
  231. #. type: menuentry
  232. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  233. msgid "Customizing images to target specific platforms."
  234. msgstr "Personnaliser des images pour des plateformes particulières."
  235. #. type: section
  236. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  237. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1929 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1930
  238. #, no-wrap
  239. msgid "Using security keys"
  240. msgstr "Utiliser des clés de sécurité"
  241. #. type: menuentry
  242. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  243. msgid "How to use security keys with Guix System."
  244. msgstr "Comment utiliser des clés de sécurité avec le système Guix."
  245. #. type: section
  246. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  247. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1988 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1989
  248. #, no-wrap
  249. msgid "Connecting to Wireguard VPN"
  250. msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard"
  251. #. type: menuentry
  252. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  253. msgid "Connecting to a Wireguard VPN."
  254. msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard."
  255. #. type: section
  256. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  257. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2065 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2066
  258. #, no-wrap
  259. msgid "Customizing a Window Manager"
  260. msgstr "Personnaliser un gestionnaire de fenêtres"
  261. #. type: menuentry
  262. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  263. msgid "Handle customization of a Window manager on Guix System."
  264. msgstr "Gérer la personnalisation d'un gestionnaire de fenêtres sur le système Guix."
  265. #. type: section
  266. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  267. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2156 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2157
  268. #, no-wrap
  269. msgid "Running Guix on a Linode Server"
  270. msgstr "Lancer Guix sur un serveur Linode"
  271. #. type: section
  272. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  273. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2399 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2400
  274. #, no-wrap
  275. msgid "Setting up a bind mount"
  276. msgstr "Mettre en place un montage dupliqué"
  277. #. type: menuentry
  278. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  279. msgid "Setting up a bind mount in the file-systems definition."
  280. msgstr "Mettre en place un montage dupliqué dans une définition de système de fichiers."
  281. #. type: section
  282. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  283. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2448 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2449
  284. #, no-wrap
  285. msgid "Getting substitutes from Tor"
  286. msgstr "Récupérer des substituts via Tor"
  287. #. type: menuentry
  288. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  289. msgid "Configuring Guix daemon to get substitutes through Tor."
  290. msgstr "Configurer le démon Guix pour récupérer les substituts via Tor."
  291. #. type: section
  292. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  293. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2512 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2513
  294. #, no-wrap
  295. msgid "Setting up NGINX with Lua"
  296. msgstr "Configurer NGINX avec Lua"
  297. #. type: menuentry
  298. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  299. msgid "Configuring NGINX web-server to load Lua modules."
  300. msgstr "Configurer le serveur web NGINX pour qu'il charge des modules Lua."
  301. #. type: section
  302. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  303. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2569 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2570
  304. #, no-wrap
  305. msgid "Music Server with Bluetooth Audio"
  306. msgstr "Serveur de musique avec l'audio bluetooth"
  307. #. type: menuentry
  308. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
  309. msgid "Headless music player with Bluetooth output."
  310. msgstr "Lecteur de musique sans affichage avec entrée bluetooth."
  311. #. type: section
  312. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:110 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2786
  313. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2788 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2789
  314. #, no-wrap
  315. msgid "Guix Containers"
  316. msgstr "Conteneurs Guix"
  317. #. type: menuentry
  318. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:110 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2786
  319. msgid "Perfectly isolated environments"
  320. msgstr "Environnements parfaitement isolés"
  321. #. type: section
  322. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:110 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2786
  323. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2937 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2938
  324. #, no-wrap
  325. msgid "Guix System Containers"
  326. msgstr "Conteneurs pour le système Guix"
  327. #. type: menuentry
  328. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:110 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2786
  329. msgid "A system inside your system"
  330. msgstr "Un système dans votre système"
  331. #. type: section
  332. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:114 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3172
  333. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3174 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3175
  334. #, no-wrap
  335. msgid "Guix Profiles in Practice"
  336. msgstr "Les profils Guix en pratique"
  337. #. type: menuentry
  338. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:114 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3172
  339. msgid "Strategies for multiple profiles and manifests."
  340. msgstr "Stratégies pour gérer plusieurs profils et manifestes."
  341. #. type: section
  342. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:118 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3565
  343. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3567 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3568
  344. #, no-wrap
  345. msgid "Guix environment via direnv"
  346. msgstr "Environnement Guix avec direnv"
  347. #. type: menuentry
  348. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:118 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3565
  349. msgid "Setup Guix environment with direnv"
  350. msgstr "Créer un environnement Guix avec direnv"
  351. #. type: section
  352. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  353. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3713 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3714
  354. #, no-wrap
  355. msgid "Setting Up a Head Node"
  356. msgstr "Mettre en place un nœud principal"
  357. #. type: menuentry
  358. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  359. msgid "The node that runs the daemon."
  360. msgstr "Le nœud qui fait tourner le démon."
  361. #. type: section
  362. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  363. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3809 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3810
  364. #, no-wrap
  365. msgid "Setting Up Compute Nodes"
  366. msgstr "Mettre en place des nœuds de calcul"
  367. #. type: menuentry
  368. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  369. msgid "Client nodes."
  370. msgstr "Les nœuds clients."
  371. #. type: node
  372. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  373. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3895
  374. #, no-wrap
  375. msgid "Cluster Network Access"
  376. msgstr "Accès réseau de la grappe"
  377. #. type: menuentry
  378. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  379. msgid "Dealing with network access restrictions."
  380. msgstr "Gérer les restrictions d'accès réseau."
  381. #. type: node
  382. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  383. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3981
  384. #, no-wrap
  385. msgid "Cluster Disk Usage"
  386. msgstr "Utilisation de disque de la grappe"
  387. #. type: menuentry
  388. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  389. msgid "Disk usage considerations."
  390. msgstr "Considérations d'utilisation de l'espace disque."
  391. #. type: node
  392. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  393. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4026
  394. #, no-wrap
  395. msgid "Cluster Security Considerations"
  396. msgstr "Considérations de sécurité de la grappe"
  397. #. type: menuentry
  398. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:126 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3711
  399. msgid "Keeping the cluster secure."
  400. msgstr "Garder votre grappe sécurisée."
  401. #. type: Plain text
  402. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:138
  403. msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix is written in the general purpose programming language Scheme, and many of its features can be accessed and manipulated programmatically. You can use Scheme to generate package definitions, to modify them, to build them, to deploy whole operating systems, etc."
  404. msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix est écrit dans le langage de programmation Scheme. Nombre de ses fonctionnalités peuvent être consultées et manipulées par programmation. Vous pouvez utiliser Scheme entre autres pour générer des définitions de paquets, pour les modifier, pour les compiler ou pour déployer des systèmes d'exploitation entiers."
  405. #. type: Plain text
  406. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:142
  407. msgid "Knowing the basics of how to program in Scheme will unlock many of the advanced features Guix provides --- and you don't even need to be an experienced programmer to use them!"
  408. msgstr "Connaître les bases de la programmation en Scheme vous permettra d'utiliser de nombreuses fonctionnalités avancées de Guix --- et vous n'avez pas besoin d'être un·e programmeur·euse chevronné·e !"
  409. #. type: Plain text
  410. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:144
  411. msgid "Let's get started!"
  412. msgstr "C'est parti !"
  413. #. type: section
  414. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:145 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:146
  415. #, no-wrap
  416. msgid "A Scheme Crash Course"
  417. msgstr "Cours accéléré du langage Scheme"
  418. #. type: cindex
  419. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:148
  420. #, no-wrap
  421. msgid "Scheme, crash course"
  422. msgstr "Scheme, cours accéléré"
  423. #. type: Plain text
  424. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:154
  425. msgid "Guix uses the Guile implementation of Scheme. To start playing with the language, install it with @code{guix install guile} and start a @dfn{REPL}---short for @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{read-eval-print loop}}---by running @code{guile} from the command line."
  426. msgstr "Guix utilise l'implémentation Guile du langage Scheme. Pour commencer à jouer avec le langage, installez-le avec @code{guix install guile} et démarrer une @dfn{BLÉA} (@dfn{REPL} en anglais), une @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{boucle de lecture, évaluation, affichage}}, en lançant @code{guile} sur la ligne de commande."
  427. #. type: Plain text
  428. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:157
  429. msgid "Alternatively you can also run @code{guix shell guile -- guile} if you'd rather not have Guile installed in your user profile."
  430. msgstr "Vous pouvez également lancer la commande @code{guix shell guile -- guile} si vous préférez ne pas installer Guile dans votre profil utilisateur."
  431. #. type: Plain text
  432. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:163
  433. msgid "In the following examples, lines show what you would type at the REPL; lines starting with ``@result{}'' show evaluation results, while lines starting with ``@print{}'' show things that get printed. @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, for more details on the REPL."
  434. msgstr "Dans les exemples suivants, les lignes montrent ce que vous devez taper sur la REPL ; les lignes commençant par « @result{} » montrent le résultat de l'évaluation, tandis que les lignes commençant par « @print{} » montrent ce qui est affiché. @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, pour plus d'information sur la REPL."
  435. #. type: itemize
  436. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:171
  437. msgid "Scheme syntax boils down to a tree of expressions (or @emph{s-expression} in Lisp lingo). An expression can be a literal such as numbers and strings, or a compound which is a parenthesized list of compounds and literals. @code{#true} and @code{#false} (abbreviated @code{#t} and @code{#f}) stand for the Booleans ``true'' and ``false'', respectively."
  438. msgstr "La syntaxe de Scheme se résume à un arbre d'expressions (ou une @emph{s-expression} dans le jargon Lisp). Une expression peut être un litéral comme un nombre ou une chaîne de caractères, ou composée d'une liste d'autres éléments composés et litéraux, entourée de parenthèses. @code{#true} et @code{#false} (abrégés @code{#t} et @code{#f}) correspondent aux booléens « vrai » et « faux »."
  439. #. type: itemize
  440. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:173
  441. msgid "Examples of valid expressions:"
  442. msgstr "Voici des exemples d'expressions valides :"
  443. #. type: lisp
  444. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:177
  445. #, no-wrap
  446. msgid ""
  447. "\"Hello World!\"\n"
  448. "@result{} \"Hello World!\"\n"
  449. "\n"
  450. msgstr ""
  451. "\"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
  452. "@result{} \"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
  453. "\n"
  454. #. type: lisp
  455. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:180
  456. #, no-wrap
  457. msgid ""
  458. "17\n"
  459. "@result{} 17\n"
  460. "\n"
  461. msgstr ""
  462. "17\n"
  463. "@result{} 17\n"
  464. "\n"
  465. #. type: lisp
  466. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:184
  467. #, no-wrap
  468. msgid ""
  469. "(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  470. "@print{} Hello Guix!\n"
  471. "@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
  472. msgstr ""
  473. "(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  474. "@print{} Bonjour Guix\n"
  475. "@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
  476. #. type: itemize
  477. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:191
  478. msgid "This last example is a function call nested in another function call. When a parenthesized expression is evaluated, the first term is the function and the rest are the arguments passed to the function. Every function returns the last evaluated expression as its return value."
  479. msgstr "Ce dernier exemple est un appel de fonction imbriqué dans un autre appel de fonction. Lorsqu'une expression parenthésée est évaluée, le premier élément est la fonction et le reste sont les arguments passés à la fonction. Chaque fonction renvoie la dernière expression évaluée."
  480. #. type: itemize
  481. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:194
  482. msgid "Anonymous functions are declared with the @code{lambda} term:"
  483. msgstr "On peut déclarer des fonctions anonymes avec le terme @code{lambda} :"
  484. #. type: lisp
  485. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:198
  486. #, no-wrap
  487. msgid ""
  488. "(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
  489. "@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
  490. msgstr ""
  491. "(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
  492. "@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
  493. #. type: itemize
  494. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:203
  495. msgid "The above procedure returns the square of its argument. Since everything is an expression, the @code{lambda} expression returns an anonymous procedure, which can in turn be applied to an argument:"
  496. msgstr "La procédure ci-dessus renvoie le carré de son argument. Comme tout est une expression, l'expression @code{lambda} renvoie une procédure anonyme, qui peut ensuite être appliquée à un argument :"
  497. #. type: lisp
  498. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:207
  499. #, no-wrap
  500. msgid ""
  501. "((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
  502. "@result{} 9\n"
  503. msgstr ""
  504. "((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
  505. "@result{} 9\n"
  506. #. type: itemize
  507. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:211
  508. msgid "Anything can be assigned a global name with @code{define}:"
  509. msgstr "On peut assigner un nom global à tout ce qu'on veut avec @code{define} :"
  510. #. type: lisp
  511. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:217
  512. #, no-wrap
  513. msgid ""
  514. "(define a 3)\n"
  515. "(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
  516. "(square a)\n"
  517. "@result{} 9\n"
  518. msgstr ""
  519. "(define a 3)\n"
  520. "(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
  521. "(square a)\n"
  522. "@result{} 9\n"
  523. #. type: itemize
  524. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:221
  525. msgid "Procedures can be defined more concisely with the following syntax:"
  526. msgstr "On peut définir des procédure de manière plus concise avec la syntaxe suivante :"
  527. #. type: lisp
  528. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:224
  529. #, no-wrap
  530. msgid "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
  531. msgstr "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
  532. #. type: itemize
  533. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:228
  534. msgid "A list structure can be created with the @code{list} procedure:"
  535. msgstr "On peut créer une structure de liste avec la procédure @code{list} :"
  536. #. type: lisp
  537. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:232
  538. #, no-wrap
  539. msgid ""
  540. "(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
  541. "@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
  542. msgstr ""
  543. "(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
  544. "@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
  545. #. type: itemize
  546. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:239
  547. msgid "The @dfn{quote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression: the first term is not called over the other terms (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Thus it effectively returns a list of terms."
  548. msgstr "La @dfn{quote} (l'apostrophe) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée : le premier élément n'est pas appelé avec les autres éléments en argument (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Donc, il renvoie une liste de termes."
  549. #. type: lisp
  550. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:243
  551. #, no-wrap
  552. msgid ""
  553. "'(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  554. "@result{} (display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  555. "\n"
  556. msgstr ""
  557. "'(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  558. "@result{} (display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  559. "\n"
  560. #. type: lisp
  561. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:246
  562. #, no-wrap
  563. msgid ""
  564. "'(2 a 5 7)\n"
  565. "@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
  566. msgstr ""
  567. "'(2 a 5 7)\n"
  568. "@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
  569. #. type: itemize
  570. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:252
  571. msgid "The @dfn{quasiquote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression until @dfn{unquote} (a comma) re-enables it. Thus it provides us with fine-grained control over what is evaluated and what is not."
  572. msgstr "La @dfn{quasiquote} (l'apostrophe à l'envers) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée jusqu'à ce qu'un @dfn{unquote} (une virgule) la réactive. De cette manière, on garde un contrôle fin sur ce qui est évalué et sur ce qui ne l'est pas."
  573. #. type: lisp
  574. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:256
  575. #, no-wrap
  576. msgid ""
  577. "`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
  578. "@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
  579. msgstr ""
  580. "`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
  581. "@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
  582. #. type: itemize
  583. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:260
  584. msgid "Note that the above result is a list of mixed elements: numbers, symbols (here @code{a}) and the last element is a list itself."
  585. msgstr "Remarquez que le résultat ci-dessus est une liste d'éléments mixtes : des nombres, des symboles (ici @code{a}) et le dernier élément est aussi une liste."
  586. #. type: itemize
  587. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:264
  588. msgid "Multiple variables can be named locally with @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}):"
  589. msgstr "On peut nommer localement plusieurs variables avec @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}) :"
  590. #. type: lisp
  591. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:271
  592. #, no-wrap
  593. msgid ""
  594. "(define x 10)\n"
  595. "(let ((x 2)\n"
  596. " (y 3))\n"
  597. " (list x y))\n"
  598. "@result{} (2 3)\n"
  599. "\n"
  600. msgstr ""
  601. "(define x 10)\n"
  602. "(let ((x 2)\n"
  603. " (y 3))\n"
  604. " (list x y))\n"
  605. "@result{} (2 3)\n"
  606. "\n"
  607. #. type: lisp
  608. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:274
  609. #, no-wrap
  610. msgid ""
  611. "x\n"
  612. "@result{} 10\n"
  613. "\n"
  614. msgstr ""
  615. "x\n"
  616. "@result{} 10\n"
  617. "\n"
  618. #. type: lisp
  619. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:277
  620. #, no-wrap
  621. msgid ""
  622. "y\n"
  623. "@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
  624. msgstr ""
  625. "y\n"
  626. "@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
  627. #. type: itemize
  628. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:281
  629. msgid "Use @code{let*} to allow later variable declarations to refer to earlier definitions."
  630. msgstr "On peut utiliser @code{let*} pour permettre au déclarations de variables ultérieures d'utiliser les définitions précédentes."
  631. #. type: lisp
  632. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:287
  633. #, no-wrap
  634. msgid ""
  635. "(let* ((x 2)\n"
  636. " (y (* x 3)))\n"
  637. " (list x y))\n"
  638. "@result{} (2 6)\n"
  639. msgstr ""
  640. "(let* ((x 2)\n"
  641. " (y (* x 3)))\n"
  642. " (list x y))\n"
  643. "@result{} (2 6)\n"
  644. #. type: itemize
  645. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:294
  646. msgid "@dfn{Keywords} are typically used to identify the named parameters of a procedure. They are prefixed by @code{#:} (hash, colon) followed by alphanumeric characters: @code{#:like-this}. @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."
  647. msgstr "On utilise typiquement des @dfn{mot-clés} pour identifier les paramètres nommés d'une procédure. Ils sont précédés de @code{#:} (dièse, deux-points) suivi par des caractères alphanumériques : @code{#:comme-ça}. @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."
  648. #. type: itemize
  649. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:299
  650. msgid "The percentage @code{%} is typically used for read-only global variables in the build stage. Note that it is merely a convention, like @code{_} in C. Scheme treats @code{%} exactly the same as any other letter."
  651. msgstr "On utilise souvent le signe pourcent @code{%} pour les variables globales non modifiables à l'étape de construction. Remarquez que ce n'est qu'une convention, comme @code{_} en C. Scheme traite @code{%} de la même manière que les autres lettres."
  652. #. type: itemize
  653. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:303
  654. msgid "Modules are created with @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). For instance"
  655. msgstr "On peut créer des modules avec @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Par exemple :"
  656. #. type: lisp
  657. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:309
  658. #, no-wrap
  659. msgid ""
  660. "(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
  661. " #:use-module (guix store)\n"
  662. " #:export (ruby-build\n"
  663. " ruby-build-system))\n"
  664. msgstr ""
  665. "(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
  666. " #:use-module (guix store)\n"
  667. " #:export (ruby-build\n"
  668. " ruby-build-system))\n"
  669. #. type: itemize
  670. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:315
  671. msgid "defines the module @code{guix build-system ruby} which must be located in @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} somewhere in the Guile load path. It depends on the @code{(guix store)} module and it exports two variables, @code{ruby-build} and @code{ruby-build-system}."
  672. msgstr "défini le module @code{guix build-system ruby} qui doit se situer dans @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} quelque part dans le chemin de recherche de Guile. Il dépend du module @code{(guix store)} et exporte deux variables, @code{ruby-build} et @code{ruby-build-system}."
  673. #. type: quotation
  674. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:317
  675. #, no-wrap
  676. msgid "Going further"
  677. msgstr "Pour aller plus loin"
  678. #. type: quotation
  679. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:321
  680. msgid "Scheme is a language that has been widely used to teach programming and you'll find plenty of material using it as a vehicle. Here's a selection of documents to learn more about Scheme:"
  681. msgstr "Scheme est un langage qui a été beaucoup utilisé pour enseigner la programmation et vous trouverez plein de supports qui l'utilisent. Voici une liste de documents qui vous en apprendront plus sur le Scheme :"
  682. #. type: itemize
  683. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:326
  684. msgid "@uref{https://spritely.institute/static/papers/scheme-primer.html, @i{A Scheme Primer}}, by Christine Lemmer-Webber and the Spritely Institute."
  685. msgstr "@uref{https://spritely.institute/static/papers/scheme-primer.html, @i{A Scheme Primer}}, par Christine Lemmer-Webber et le Spritely Institute."
  686. #. type: itemize
  687. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:330
  688. msgid "@uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, @i{Scheme at a Glance}}, by Steve Litt."
  689. msgstr "@uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, par Steve Litt."
  690. #. type: itemize
  691. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:337
  692. msgid "@uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, @i{Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}}, by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman, with Julie Sussman. Colloquially known as ``SICP'', this book is a reference."
  693. msgstr "@uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, @i{Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}}, par Harold Abelson et Gerald Jay Sussman, avec Julie Sussman. Souvent appelé ``SICP'', ce livre est une référence."
  694. #. type: itemize
  695. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:339
  696. msgid "You can also install it and read it from your computer:"
  697. msgstr "Vous pouvez aussi l'installer et le lire sur votre ordinateur :"
  698. #. type: example
  699. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:343
  700. #, no-wrap
  701. msgid ""
  702. "guix install sicp info-reader\n"
  703. "info sicp\n"
  704. msgstr ""
  705. "guix install sicp info-reader\n"
  706. "info sicp\n"
  707. #. type: quotation
  708. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:349
  709. msgid "You'll find more books, tutorials and other resources at @url{https://schemers.org/}."
  710. msgstr "Vous trouverez plus de livres, de didacticiels et d'autres ressources sur @url{https://schemers.org/}."
  711. #. type: cindex
  712. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:356
  713. #, no-wrap
  714. msgid "packaging"
  715. msgstr "empaquetage"
  716. #. type: Plain text
  717. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:362
  718. msgid "This chapter is dedicated to teaching you how to add packages to the collection of packages that come with GNU Guix. This involves writing package definitions in Guile Scheme, organizing them in package modules, and building them."
  719. msgstr "Ce chapitre est conçu pour vous enseigner comment ajouter des paquets à la collection de paquets de GNU Guix. Pour cela, vous devrez écrire des définitions de paquets en Guile Scheme, les organiser en modules et les construire."
  720. #. type: Plain text
  721. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:376
  722. msgid "GNU Guix stands out as the @emph{hackable} package manager, mostly because it uses @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, a powerful high-level programming language, one of the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29, Scheme} dialects from the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29, Lisp family}."
  723. msgstr "GNU Guix se démarque des autres gestionnaire de paquets en étant @emph{bidouillable}, surtout parce qu'il utilise @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/,GNU Guile}, un langage de programmation de haut-niveau puissant, l'un des dialectes @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme, Scheme} de @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp, la famille Lisp}."
  724. #. type: Plain text
  725. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:380
  726. msgid "Package definitions are also written in Scheme, which empowers Guix in some very unique ways, unlike most other package managers that use shell scripts or simple languages."
  727. msgstr "Les définitions de paquets sont aussi écrites en Scheme, ce qui le rend plus puissant de manière assez unique par rapport aux autres gestionnaires de paquets qui utilisent des scripts shell ou des langages simples."
  728. #. type: itemize
  729. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:385
  730. msgid "Use functions, structures, macros and all of Scheme expressiveness for your package definitions."
  731. msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser des fonctions, des structures, des macros et toute l'expressivité de Scheme dans vos définitions de paquets."
  732. #. type: itemize
  733. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:389
  734. msgid "Inheritance makes it easy to customize a package by inheriting from it and modifying only what is needed."
  735. msgstr "L'héritage facilite la personnalisation d'un paquet en héritant d'un autre et en modifiant uniquement les points nécessaires."
  736. #. type: itemize
  737. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:399
  738. msgid "Batch processing: the whole package collection can be parsed, filtered and processed. Building a headless server with all graphical interfaces stripped out? It's possible. Want to rebuild everything from source using specific compiler optimization flags? Pass the @code{#:make-flags \"...\"} argument to the list of packages. It wouldn't be a stretch to think @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, Gentoo USE flags} here, but this goes even further: the changes don't have to be thought out beforehand by the packager, they can be @emph{programmed} by the user!"
  739. msgstr "Traitement par lot : la collection des paquets entière peut être analysée, filtrée et traitée. Vous voulez construire un serveur sans interface graphique ? C'est possible. Vous voulez tout reconstruire à partir des sources avec des drapeaux d'optimisation spécifiques ? Passez l'argument @code{#:make-flags \"…\"} à la liste des paquets. Ce ne serait pas aberrant de penser @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, au drapeau USE de Gentoo}, mais cela va plus loin : la personne qui crée les paquets n'a pas besoin de penser à l'avance à ces changements, ils peuvent être @emph{programmés} par l'utilisateur ou l'utilisatrice !"
  740. #. type: Plain text
  741. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:405
  742. msgid "The following tutorial covers all the basics around package creation with Guix. It does not assume much knowledge of the Guix system nor of the Lisp language. The reader is only expected to be familiar with the command line and to have some basic programming knowledge."
  743. msgstr "Le didacticiel suivant traite des bases de la création de paquets avec Guix. Il ne présuppose aucune connaissance du système Guix ni du langage Lisp. On ne s'attend qu'à ce que vous aillez une certaine familiarité avec la ligne de commande et des connaissances de base en programmation."
  744. #. type: subsection
  745. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:406 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:407
  746. #, no-wrap
  747. msgid "A ``Hello World'' package"
  748. msgstr "Un paquet « hello world »"
  749. #. type: Plain text
  750. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:412
  751. msgid "The ``Defining Packages'' section of the manual introduces the basics of Guix packaging (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). In the following section, we will partly go over those basics again."
  752. msgstr "La section « Définir des paquets » du manuel explique les bases de l'empaquetage avec Guix (@pxref{Définir des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). Dans la section suivante, nous reparlerons en partie de ces bases."
  753. #. type: Plain text
  754. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:418
  755. msgid "GNU@tie{}Hello is a dummy project that serves as an idiomatic example for packaging. It uses the GNU build system (@code{./configure && make && make install}). Guix already provides a package definition which is a perfect example to start with. You can look up its declaration with @code{guix edit hello} from the command line. Let's see how it looks:"
  756. msgstr "GNU@tie{}Hello est un exemple de projet qui sert d'exemple idiomatique pour l'empaquetage. Il utilise le système de construction de GNU (@code{./configure && make && make install}). Guix fournit déjà une définition de paquet qui est un parfait exemple pour commencer. Vous pouvez voir sa déclaration avec @code{guix edit hello} depuis la ligne de commande. Voyons à quoi elle ressemble :"
  757. #. type: lisp
  758. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:439
  759. #, no-wrap
  760. msgid ""
  761. "(define-public hello\n"
  762. " (package\n"
  763. " (name \"hello\")\n"
  764. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  765. " (source (origin\n"
  766. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  767. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  768. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  769. " (sha256\n"
  770. " (base32\n"
  771. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  772. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  773. " (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
  774. " (description\n"
  775. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  776. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  777. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  778. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  779. " (license gpl3+)))\n"
  780. msgstr ""
  781. "(define-public hello\n"
  782. " (package\n"
  783. " (name \"hello\")\n"
  784. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  785. " (source (origin\n"
  786. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  787. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  788. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  789. " (sha256\n"
  790. " (base32\n"
  791. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  792. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  793. " (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
  794. " (description\n"
  795. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  796. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  797. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  798. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  799. " (license gpl3+)))\n"
  800. #. type: Plain text
  801. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:443
  802. msgid "As you can see, most of it is rather straightforward. But let's review the fields together:"
  803. msgstr "Comme vous pouvez le voir, la plus grosse partie est assez simple. Mais examinons les champs ensemble :"
  804. #. type: item
  805. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:445
  806. #, no-wrap
  807. msgid "name"
  808. msgstr "name"
  809. #. type: table
  810. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:448
  811. msgid "The project name. Using Scheme conventions, we prefer to keep it lower case, without underscore and using dash-separated words."
  812. msgstr "Le nom du projet. Avec les conventions de Scheme, on préfère le laisser en minuscule, sans tiret du bas, en séparant les mots par des tirets."
  813. #. type: item
  814. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:449
  815. #, no-wrap
  816. msgid "source"
  817. msgstr "source"
  818. #. type: table
  819. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:452
  820. msgid "This field contains a description of the source code origin. The @code{origin} record contains these fields:"
  821. msgstr "Ce champ contient une description de l'origine du code source. L'enregistrement @code{origin} contient ces champs :"
  822. #. type: item
  823. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:454
  824. #, no-wrap
  825. msgid "The method, here @code{url-fetch} to download via HTTP/FTP, but other methods"
  826. msgstr "La méthode, ici @code{url-fetch} pour télécharger via HTTP/FTP, mais d'autres méthodes"
  827. #. type: enumerate
  828. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:456
  829. msgid "exist, such as @code{git-fetch} for Git repositories."
  830. msgstr "existent, comme @code{git-fetch} pour les dépôts Git."
  831. #. type: item
  832. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:456
  833. #, no-wrap
  834. msgid "The URI, which is typically some @code{https://} location for @code{url-fetch}. Here"
  835. msgstr "L'URI, qui est typiquement un emplacement @code{https://} pour @code{url-fetch}. Ici"
  836. #. type: enumerate
  837. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:459
  838. msgid "the special `mirror://gnu` refers to a set of well known locations, all of which can be used by Guix to fetch the source, should some of them fail."
  839. msgstr "le code spécial « mirror://gnu » fait référence à une ensemble d'emplacements bien connus, qui peuvent tous être utilisés par Guix pour récupérer la source, si l'un d'entre eux échoue."
  840. #. type: item
  841. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:459
  842. #, no-wrap
  843. msgid "The @code{sha256} checksum of the requested file. This is essential to ensure"
  844. msgstr "La somme de contrôle @code{sha256} du fichier demandé. C'est essentiel pour s'assurer"
  845. #. type: enumerate
  846. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:462
  847. msgid "the source is not corrupted. Note that Guix works with base32 strings, hence the call to the @code{base32} function."
  848. msgstr "que la source n'est pas corrompue. Remarquez que Guix fonctionne avec des chaînes en base32, d'où l'appel à la fonction @code{base32}."
  849. #. type: item
  850. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:464
  851. #, no-wrap
  852. msgid "build-system"
  853. msgstr "build-system"
  854. #. type: table
  855. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:473
  856. msgid "This is where the power of abstraction provided by the Scheme language really shines: in this case, the @code{gnu-build-system} abstracts away the famous @code{./configure && make && make install} shell invocations. Other build systems include the @code{trivial-build-system} which does not do anything and requires from the packager to program all the build steps, the @code{python-build-system}, the @code{emacs-build-system}, and many more (@pxref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  857. msgstr "C'est ici que la puissance d'abstraction du langage Scheme brille de toute sa splendeur : dans ce cas, le @code{gnu-build-system} permet d'abstraire les fameuses invocations shell @code{./configure && make && make install}. Parmi les autres systèmes de construction on trouve le @code{trivial-build-system} qui ne fait rien et demande de programmer toutes les étapes de construction, le @code{python-build-system}, @code{emacs-build-system} et bien d'autres (@pxref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  858. #. type: item
  859. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:474
  860. #, no-wrap
  861. msgid "synopsis"
  862. msgstr "synopsis"
  863. #. type: table
  864. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:477
  865. msgid "It should be a concise summary of what the package does. For many packages a tagline from the project's home page can be used as the synopsis."
  866. msgstr "Le synopsis devrait être un résumé court de ce que fait le paquet. Pour beaucoup de paquets, le slogan de la page d'accueil du projet est approprié pour le synopsis."
  867. #. type: item
  868. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:478
  869. #, no-wrap
  870. msgid "description"
  871. msgstr "description"
  872. #. type: table
  873. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:481
  874. msgid "Same as for the synopsis, it's fine to re-use the project description from the homepage. Note that Guix uses Texinfo syntax."
  875. msgstr "Comme le synopsis, vous pouvez réutiliser la description de la page d'accueil du projet. Remarquez que Guix utilise la syntaxe Texinfo."
  876. #. type: item
  877. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:482
  878. #, no-wrap
  879. msgid "home-page"
  880. msgstr "home-page"
  881. #. type: table
  882. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:484
  883. msgid "Use HTTPS if available."
  884. msgstr "Utilisez l'adresse en HTTPS si elle est disponible."
  885. #. type: item
  886. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:485
  887. #, no-wrap
  888. msgid "license"
  889. msgstr "license"
  890. #. type: table
  891. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:488
  892. msgid "See @code{guix/licenses.scm} in the project source for a full list of available licenses."
  893. msgstr "Voir @code{guix/licenses.scm} dans les sources du projet pour une liste complète des licences disponibles."
  894. #. type: Plain text
  895. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:492
  896. msgid "Time to build our first package! Nothing fancy here for now: we will stick to a dummy @code{my-hello}, a copy of the above declaration."
  897. msgstr "Il est temps de construire notre premier paquet ! Rien de bien compliqué pour l'instant : nous allons garder notre exemple avec @code{my-hello}, une copie de la déclaration montrée plus haut."
  898. #. type: Plain text
  899. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:496
  900. msgid "As with the ritualistic ``Hello World'' taught with most programming languages, this will possibly be the most ``manual'' approach. We will work out an ideal setup later; for now we will go the simplest route."
  901. msgstr "Comme avec le rituel « Hello World » enseigné avec la plupart des langages de programmation, ce sera sans doute l'approche la plus « manuelle » d'empaquetage que vous utiliserez. Nous vous montrerons une configuration idéale plus tard, pour l'instant nous allons suivre la voie la plus simple."
  902. #. type: Plain text
  903. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:498
  904. msgid "Save the following to a file @file{my-hello.scm}."
  905. msgstr "Enregistrez ce qui suit dans un fichier nommé @file{my-hello.scm}."
  906. #. type: lisp
  907. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:504
  908. #, no-wrap
  909. msgid ""
  910. "(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
  911. " (guix download)\n"
  912. " (guix build-system gnu)\n"
  913. " (guix licenses))\n"
  914. "\n"
  915. msgstr ""
  916. "(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
  917. " (guix download)\n"
  918. " (guix build-system gnu)\n"
  919. " (guix licenses))\n"
  920. "\n"
  921. #. type: lisp
  922. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:523
  923. #, no-wrap
  924. msgid ""
  925. "(package\n"
  926. " (name \"my-hello\")\n"
  927. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  928. " (source (origin\n"
  929. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  930. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  931. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  932. " (sha256\n"
  933. " (base32\n"
  934. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  935. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  936. " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
  937. " (description\n"
  938. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  939. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  940. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  941. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  942. " (license gpl3+))\n"
  943. msgstr ""
  944. "(package\n"
  945. " (name \"my-hello\")\n"
  946. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  947. " (source (origin\n"
  948. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  949. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  950. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  951. " (sha256\n"
  952. " (base32\n"
  953. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  954. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  955. " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
  956. " (description\n"
  957. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  958. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  959. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  960. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  961. " (license gpl3+))\n"
  962. #. type: Plain text
  963. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:526
  964. msgid "We will explain the extra code in a moment."
  965. msgstr "Nous allons expliquer le code supplémentaire dans un moment."
  966. #. type: Plain text
  967. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:533
  968. msgid "Feel free to play with the different values of the various fields. If you change the source, you'll need to update the checksum. Indeed, Guix refuses to build anything if the given checksum does not match the computed checksum of the source code. To obtain the correct checksum of the package declaration, we need to download the source, compute the sha256 checksum and convert it to base32."
  969. msgstr "Essayez de jouer avec les différentes valeurs des différents champs. Si vous changez la source, vous devrez mettre à jour la somme de contrôle. En fait, Guix refusera de construire quoi que ce soit si la somme de contrôle donnée ne correspond pas à la somme de contrôle calculée de la source téléchargée. Pour obtenir la bonne somme de contrôle pour une déclaration de paquet, vous devrez télécharger la source, calculer la somme de contrôle sha256 et la convertir en base32."
  970. #. type: Plain text
  971. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:536
  972. msgid "Thankfully, Guix can automate this task for us; all we need is to provide the URI:"
  973. msgstr "Heureusement, Guix peut automatiser cette tache pour nous ; tout ce qu'on doit faire est de lui fournir l'URI :"
  974. #. This is example shell output.
  975. #. type: example
  976. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:540
  977. #, no-wrap
  978. msgid ""
  979. "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  980. "\n"
  981. msgstr ""
  982. "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  983. "\n"
  984. #. type: example
  985. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:547
  986. #, no-wrap
  987. msgid ""
  988. "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
  989. "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
  990. "following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
  991. " …10.tar.gz 709KiB 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
  992. "/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  993. "0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
  994. msgstr ""
  995. "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
  996. "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
  997. "following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
  998. " …10.tar.gz 709KiB 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
  999. "/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  1000. "0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
  1001. #. type: Plain text
  1002. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:552
  1003. msgid "In this specific case the output tells us which mirror was chosen. If the result of the above command is not the same as in the above snippet, update your @code{my-hello} declaration accordingly."
  1004. msgstr "Dans ce cas particulier, la sortie nous dit quel miroir a été choisi. Si le résultat de la commande au-dessus n'est pas le même que ce qui est montré, mettez à jour votre déclaration @code{my-hello} en fonction."
  1005. #. type: Plain text
  1006. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:556
  1007. msgid "Note that GNU package tarballs come with an OpenPGP signature, so you should definitely check the signature of this tarball with `gpg` to authenticate it before going further:"
  1008. msgstr "Remarquez que les archives des paquets GNU sont accompagnées de leur signature OpenPGP, donc vous devriez vérifier la signature de cette archive avec « gpg » pour l'authentifier avant d'aller plus loin :"
  1009. #. This is example shell output.
  1010. #. type: example
  1011. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:560
  1012. #, no-wrap
  1013. msgid ""
  1014. "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
  1015. "\n"
  1016. msgstr ""
  1017. "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
  1018. "\n"
  1019. #. type: example
  1020. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:575
  1021. #, no-wrap
  1022. msgid ""
  1023. "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
  1024. "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
  1025. "following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
  1026. " ….tar.gz.sig 819B 1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
  1027. "/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
  1028. "0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
  1029. "$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  1030. "gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Nov 2014 01:08:37 PM CET\n"
  1031. "gpg: using RSA key A9553245FDE9B739\n"
  1032. "gpg: Good signature from \"Sami Kerola <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
  1033. "gpg: aka \"Sami Kerola (http://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
  1034. "gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!\n"
  1035. "gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.\n"
  1036. "Primary key fingerprint: 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005 30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"
  1037. msgstr ""
  1038. "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
  1039. "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
  1040. "following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
  1041. " ….tar.gz.sig 819B 1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
  1042. "/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
  1043. "0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
  1044. "$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  1045. "gpg: Signature faite le dim. 16 nov. 2014 13:08:37 CET\n"
  1046. "gpg: avec la clef RSA A9553245FDE9B739\n"
  1047. "gpg: Bonne signature de « Sami Kerola (https://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi> » [inconnu]\n"
  1048. "gpg: Attention : cette clef n'est pas certifiée avec une signature de confiance.\n"
  1049. "gpg: Rien n'indique que la signature appartient à son propriétaire.\n"
  1050. "Empreinte de clef principale : 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005 30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"
  1051. #. type: Plain text
  1052. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:578
  1053. msgid "You can then happily run"
  1054. msgstr "Vous pouvez ensuite lancer"
  1055. #. Do not translate this command
  1056. #. type: example
  1057. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:582
  1058. #, no-wrap
  1059. msgid "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
  1060. msgstr "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
  1061. #. type: Plain text
  1062. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:585
  1063. msgid "You should now have @code{my-hello} in your profile!"
  1064. msgstr "Vous devriez maintenant avoir @code{my-hello} dans votre profil !"
  1065. #. Do not translate this command
  1066. #. type: example
  1067. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:591
  1068. #, no-wrap
  1069. msgid ""
  1070. "$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
  1071. "my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
  1072. "/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
  1073. msgstr ""
  1074. "$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
  1075. "my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
  1076. "/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
  1077. #. type: Plain text
  1078. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:596
  1079. msgid "We've gone as far as we could without any knowledge of Scheme. Before moving on to more complex packages, now is the right time to brush up on your Scheme knowledge. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} to get up to speed."
  1080. msgstr "Nous sommes allés aussi loin que possible sans aucune connaissance de Scheme. Avant de continuer sur des paquets plus complexes, il est maintenant temps de vous renforcer sur votre connaissance du langage Scheme. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} pour démarrer."
  1081. #. type: subsection
  1082. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:597 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:598
  1083. #, no-wrap
  1084. msgid "Setup"
  1085. msgstr "Configuration"
  1086. #. type: Plain text
  1087. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:603
  1088. msgid "In the rest of this chapter we will rely on some basic Scheme programming knowledge. Now let's detail the different possible setups for working on Guix packages."
  1089. msgstr "Dans le reste de ce chapitre, nous nous appuierons sur vos connaissances de base du langage Scheme. Maintenant voyons les différentes configurations possibles pour travailler sur des paquets Guix."
  1090. #. type: Plain text
  1091. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:605
  1092. msgid "There are several ways to set up a Guix packaging environment."
  1093. msgstr "Il y a plusieurs moyens de mettre en place un environnement d'empaquetage pour Guix."
  1094. #. type: Plain text
  1095. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:608
  1096. msgid "We recommend you work directly on the Guix source checkout since it makes it easier for everyone to contribute to the project."
  1097. msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement dans le dépôt des sources de Guix car ça facilitera la contribution au projet."
  1098. #. type: Plain text
  1099. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:610
  1100. msgid "But first, let's look at other possibilities."
  1101. msgstr "Mais d'abord, voyons les autres possibilités."
  1102. #. type: subsubsection
  1103. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:611 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:612
  1104. #, no-wrap
  1105. msgid "Local file"
  1106. msgstr "Fichier local"
  1107. #. type: Plain text
  1108. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:617
  1109. msgid "This is what we previously did with @samp{my-hello}. With the Scheme basics we've covered, we are now able to explain the leading chunks. As stated in @code{guix package --help}:"
  1110. msgstr "C'est ce que nous venons de faire avec @samp{my-hello}. Avec les bases de Scheme que nous vous avons présentées, nous pouvons maintenant éclairer le sens du début du fichier. Comme le dit @code{guix package --help} :"
  1111. #. type: example
  1112. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:622
  1113. #, no-wrap
  1114. msgid ""
  1115. " -f, --install-from-file=FILE\n"
  1116. " install the package that the code within FILE\n"
  1117. " evaluates to\n"
  1118. msgstr ""
  1119. " -f, --install-from-file=FICHIER\n"
  1120. " installer le paquet évalué par le code dans\n"
  1121. " FICHIER\n"
  1122. #. type: Plain text
  1123. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:626
  1124. msgid "Thus the last expression @emph{must} return a package, which is the case in our earlier example."
  1125. msgstr "Ainsi, la dernière expression @emph{doit} renvoyer un paquet, ce qui est le cas dans notre exemple précédent."
  1126. #. type: Plain text
  1127. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:630
  1128. msgid "The @code{use-modules} expression tells which of the modules we need in the file. Modules are a collection of values and procedures. They are commonly called ``libraries'' or ``packages'' in other programming languages."
  1129. msgstr "L'expression @code{use-modules} indique quels modules sont nécessaires dans le fichier. Les modules sont des collections de valeurs et de procédures. Ils sont souvent appelés « bibliothèques » ou « paquets » dans d'autres langages de programmation."
  1130. #. type: subsubsection
  1131. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:631 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:632
  1132. #, no-wrap
  1133. msgid "Channels"
  1134. msgstr "Canaux"
  1135. #. type: cindex
  1136. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:634
  1137. #, no-wrap
  1138. msgid "channel"
  1139. msgstr "canal"
  1140. #. type: Plain text
  1141. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:640
  1142. msgid "Guix and its package collection can be extended through @dfn{channels}. A channel is a Git repository, public or not, containing @file{.scm} files that provide packages (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) or services (@pxref{Defining Services,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1143. msgstr "Guix et sa collection de paquet peut être étendu par des @dfn{canaux}. Un canal est un dépôt Git public ou non, qui contient des fichiers @file{.scm} qui fournissent des paquets (@pxref{Définition des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) ou des services (@pxref{Définir des services,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  1144. #. type: Plain text
  1145. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:643
  1146. msgid "How would you go about creating a channel? First, create a directory that will contain your @file{.scm} files, say @file{~/my-channel}:"
  1147. msgstr "Comment créer un canal ? Tout d'abord, créez un répertoire qui contiendra vos fichiers @file{.scm}, disons @file{~/mon-canal} :"
  1148. #. type: example
  1149. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:646
  1150. #, no-wrap
  1151. msgid "mkdir ~/my-channel\n"
  1152. msgstr "mkdir ~/mon-canal\n"
  1153. #. type: Plain text
  1154. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:650
  1155. msgid "Suppose you want to add the @samp{my-hello} package we saw previously; it first needs some adjustments:"
  1156. msgstr "Imaginons que vous souhaitiez ajouter le paquet @samp{my-hello} que nous avons vu plus tôt. Il a d'abord besoin de quelques ajustement :"
  1157. #. type: lisp
  1158. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:657
  1159. #, no-wrap
  1160. msgid ""
  1161. "(define-module (my-hello)\n"
  1162. " #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
  1163. " #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
  1164. " #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
  1165. " #:use-module (guix download))\n"
  1166. "\n"
  1167. msgstr ""
  1168. "(define-module (my-hello)\n"
  1169. " #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
  1170. " #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
  1171. " #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
  1172. " #:use-module (guix download))\n"
  1173. "\n"
  1174. #. type: lisp
  1175. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:677
  1176. #, no-wrap
  1177. msgid ""
  1178. "(define-public my-hello\n"
  1179. " (package\n"
  1180. " (name \"my-hello\")\n"
  1181. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  1182. " (source (origin\n"
  1183. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  1184. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  1185. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  1186. " (sha256\n"
  1187. " (base32\n"
  1188. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  1189. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  1190. " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
  1191. " (description\n"
  1192. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  1193. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  1194. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  1195. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  1196. " (license gpl3+)))\n"
  1197. msgstr ""
  1198. "(define-public my-hello\n"
  1199. " (package\n"
  1200. " (name \"my-hello\")\n"
  1201. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  1202. " (source (origin\n"
  1203. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  1204. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  1205. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  1206. " (sha256\n"
  1207. " (base32\n"
  1208. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  1209. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  1210. " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
  1211. " (description\n"
  1212. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  1213. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  1214. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  1215. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  1216. " (license gpl3+)))\n"
  1217. #. type: Plain text
  1218. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:683
  1219. msgid "Note that we have assigned the package value to an exported variable name with @code{define-public}. This is effectively assigning the package to the @code{my-hello} variable so that it can be referenced, among other as dependency of other packages."
  1220. msgstr "Remarquez que nous avons assigné la valeur du paquet à un nom de variable exportée avec @code{define-public}. Cela assigne en fait le paquet à la variable @code{my-hello} pour qu'elle puisse être utilisée, par exemple en dépendance d'un autre paquet."
  1221. #. type: Plain text
  1222. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:688
  1223. msgid "If you use @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} on the above file, it will fail because the last expression, @code{define-public}, does not return a package. If you want to use @code{define-public} in this use-case nonetheless, make sure the file ends with an evaluation of @code{my-hello}:"
  1224. msgstr "Si vous utilisez @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} avec le fichier précédent, la commande échouera car la dernière expression, @code{define-public}, ne renvoie pas un paquet. Si vous voulez utiliser @code{define-public} dans ce cas tout de même, assurez-vous que le fichier termine par une évaluation de @code{my-hello} :"
  1225. #. type: lisp
  1226. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:694
  1227. #, no-wrap
  1228. msgid ""
  1229. ";; ...\n"
  1230. "(define-public my-hello\n"
  1231. " ;; ...\n"
  1232. " )\n"
  1233. "\n"
  1234. msgstr ""
  1235. ";; ...\n"
  1236. "(define-public my-hello\n"
  1237. " ;; ...\n"
  1238. " )\n"
  1239. "\n"
  1240. #. type: lisp
  1241. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:696
  1242. #, no-wrap
  1243. msgid "my-hello\n"
  1244. msgstr "my-hello\n"
  1245. #. type: Plain text
  1246. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:699
  1247. msgid "This last example is not very typical."
  1248. msgstr "Ce dernier exemple n'est pas très typique."
  1249. #. type: Plain text
  1250. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:703
  1251. msgid "Now how do you make that package visible to @command{guix} commands so you can test your packages? You need to add the directory to the search path using the @option{-L} command-line option, as in these examples:"
  1252. msgstr "Maintenant, comme rendre ce paquet visible pour les commandes @command{guix} afin de tester vos paquets ? Vous devez ajouter le répertoire au chemin de recherche avec l'option en ligne de commande @option{-L}, comme dans ces exemples :"
  1253. #. type: example
  1254. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:707
  1255. #, no-wrap
  1256. msgid ""
  1257. "guix show -L ~/my-channel my-hello\n"
  1258. "guix build -L ~/my-channel my-hello\n"
  1259. msgstr ""
  1260. "guix show -L ~/mon-canal my-hello\n"
  1261. "guix build -L ~/mon-canal my-hello\n"
  1262. #. type: Plain text
  1263. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:713
  1264. msgid "The final step is to turn @file{~/my-channel} into an actual channel, making your package collection seamlessly available @i{via} any @command{guix} command. To do that, you first need to make it a Git repository:"
  1265. msgstr "L'étape finale consiste à transformer @file{~/mon-canal} en un vrai canal, pour rendre disponible votre collection de paquets via n'importe quelle commande @command{guix}. Pour cela, vous devez d'abord en faire un dépôt Git :"
  1266. #. type: example
  1267. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:719
  1268. #, no-wrap
  1269. msgid ""
  1270. "cd ~/my-channel\n"
  1271. "git init\n"
  1272. "git add my-hello.scm\n"
  1273. "git commit -m \"First commit of my channel.\"\n"
  1274. msgstr ""
  1275. "cd ~/mon-canal\n"
  1276. "git init\n"
  1277. "git add my-hello.scm\n"
  1278. "git commit -m \"Premier commit sur mon canal.\"\n"
  1279. #. type: Plain text
  1280. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:727
  1281. msgid "And that's it, you have a channel! From there on, you can add this channel to your channel configuration in @file{~/.config/guix/channels.scm} (@pxref{Specifying Additional Channels,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}); assuming you keep your channel local for now, the @file{channels.scm} would look something like this:"
  1282. msgstr "Et voilà, vous avez un canal ! À partir de maintenant, vous pouvez ajouter ce canal à votre configuration des canaux dans @file{~/.config/guix/channels.scm} (@pxref{Spécifier des canaux supplémentaires,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). En supposant que vous gardez votre canal localement pour l'instant, le fichier @file{channels.scm} ressemblerait à quelque chose comme ça :"
  1283. #. type: lisp
  1284. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:734
  1285. #, no-wrap
  1286. msgid ""
  1287. "(append (list (channel\n"
  1288. " (name 'my-channel)\n"
  1289. " (url (string-append \"file://\" (getenv \"HOME\")\n"
  1290. " \"/my-channel\"))))\n"
  1291. " %default-channels)\n"
  1292. msgstr ""
  1293. "(append (list (channel\n"
  1294. " (name 'mon-canal)\n"
  1295. " (url (string-append \"file://\" (getenv \"HOME\")\n"
  1296. " \"/mon-canal\"))))\n"
  1297. " %default-channels)\n"
  1298. #. type: Plain text
  1299. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:741
  1300. msgid "Next time you run @command{guix pull}, your channel will be picked up and the packages it defines will be readily available to all the @command{guix} commands, even if you do not pass @option{-L}. The @command{guix describe} command will show that Guix is, indeed, using both the @code{my-channel} and the @code{guix} channels."
  1301. msgstr "La prochaine fois que vous exécuterez @command{guix pull}, votre canal sera récupéré et les paquets qu'il définit seront directement disponibles pour toutes les commandes @command{guix}, même si vous n'utilisez pas @option{-L}. La commande @command{guix describe} vous montrera que Guix utilise effectivement à la fois @code{mon-canal} et les canaux @code{guix}."
  1302. #. type: Plain text
  1303. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:744
  1304. msgid "@xref{Creating a Channel,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for details."
  1305. msgstr "@xref{Écrire de nouveaux de canaux,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour des détails."
  1306. #. type: subsubsection
  1307. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:745 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:746
  1308. #, no-wrap
  1309. msgid "Direct checkout hacking"
  1310. msgstr "Bidouillage direct dans le dépôt git"
  1311. #. type: Plain text
  1312. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:751
  1313. msgid "Working directly on the Guix project is recommended: it reduces the friction when the time comes to submit your changes upstream to let the community benefit from your hard work!"
  1314. msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement sur le projet Guix : cela réduit le travail nécessaire quand vous voudrez soumettre vos changements en amont pour que la communauté puisse bénéficier de votre dur labeur !"
  1315. #. type: Plain text
  1316. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:757
  1317. msgid "Unlike most software distributions, the Guix repository holds in one place both the tooling (including the package manager) and the package definitions. This choice was made so that it would give developers the flexibility to modify the API without breakage by updating all packages at the same time. This reduces development inertia."
  1318. msgstr "Contrairement à la plupart des distributions logiciels, le dépôt Guix contient à la fois les outils (dont le gestionnaire de paquets) et les définitions des paquets. Nous avons fait ce choix pour permettre aux développeurs et développeuses de profiter de plus de flexibilité pour changer l'API sans rien casser, en mettant à jour tous les paquets en même temps. Cela réduit l'inertie dans le développement."
  1319. #. type: Plain text
  1320. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:759
  1321. msgid "Check out the official @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} repository:"
  1322. msgstr "Clonez le dépôt @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} officiel :"
  1323. #. type: example
  1324. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:762
  1325. #, no-wrap
  1326. msgid "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
  1327. msgstr "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
  1328. #. type: Plain text
  1329. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:766
  1330. msgid "In the rest of this article, we use @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} to refer to the location of the checkout."
  1331. msgstr "Dans le reste de cet article, nous utiliserons @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} pour faire référence à l'emplacement de ce clone."
  1332. #. type: Plain text
  1333. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:770
  1334. msgid "Follow the instructions in the manual (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) to set up the repository environment."
  1335. msgstr "Suivez les instructions du manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) pour mettre en place l'environnement du dépôt."
  1336. #. type: Plain text
  1337. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:773
  1338. msgid "Once ready, you should be able to use the package definitions from the repository environment."
  1339. msgstr "Une fois prêts, vous devriez pouvoir utiliser les définitions des paquets de l'environnement du dépôt."
  1340. #. type: Plain text
  1341. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:775
  1342. msgid "Feel free to edit package definitions found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
  1343. msgstr "N'ayez pas peur de modifier les définitions des paquets que vous trouverez dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
  1344. #. type: Plain text
  1345. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:779
  1346. msgid "The @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} script lets you use @samp{guix} over the package collection of the repository (@pxref{Running Guix Before It Is Installed,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1347. msgstr "Le script @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} vous permet d'utiliser @samp{guix} sur la collection de paquets du dépôt (@pxref{Lancer Guix avant qu’il ne soit installé,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  1348. #. type: itemize
  1349. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:783
  1350. msgid "Search packages, such as Ruby:"
  1351. msgstr "Recherchez des paquets, comme Ruby :"
  1352. #. type: example
  1353. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:790
  1354. #, no-wrap
  1355. msgid ""
  1356. " $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
  1357. " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
  1358. " ruby 1.8.7-p374 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
  1359. " ruby 2.1.6 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
  1360. " ruby 2.2.2 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
  1361. msgstr ""
  1362. " $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
  1363. " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
  1364. " ruby 1.8.7-p374 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
  1365. " ruby 2.1.6 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
  1366. " ruby 2.2.2 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
  1367. #. type: itemize
  1368. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:794
  1369. msgid "Build a package, here Ruby version 2.1:"
  1370. msgstr "Construisez un paquet, ici Ruby version 2.1 :"
  1371. #. type: example
  1372. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:798
  1373. #, no-wrap
  1374. msgid ""
  1375. " $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
  1376. " /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
  1377. msgstr ""
  1378. " $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
  1379. " /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
  1380. #. type: itemize
  1381. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:802
  1382. msgid "Install it to your user profile:"
  1383. msgstr "Installez-le dans votre profil utilisateur :"
  1384. #. type: example
  1385. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:805
  1386. #, no-wrap
  1387. msgid " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
  1388. msgstr " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
  1389. #. type: itemize
  1390. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:809
  1391. msgid "Check for common mistakes:"
  1392. msgstr "Vérifiez que vous n'avez pas fait l'une des erreurs courantes :"
  1393. #. type: example
  1394. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:812
  1395. #, no-wrap
  1396. msgid " $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
  1397. msgstr " $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
  1398. #. type: Plain text
  1399. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:817
  1400. msgid "Guix strives at maintaining a high packaging standard; when contributing to the Guix project, remember to"
  1401. msgstr "Guix essaye de maintenir un bon standard d'empaquetage ; quand vous contribuez au projet Guix, rappelez-vous de"
  1402. #. type: itemize
  1403. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:821
  1404. msgid "follow the coding style (@pxref{Coding Style,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}),"
  1405. msgstr "suivre le style de code (@pxref{Style de code,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}),"
  1406. #. type: itemize
  1407. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:823
  1408. msgid "and review the check list from the manual (@pxref{Submitting Patches,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1409. msgstr "et de vérifier la check-list du manuel (@pxref{Envoyer des correctifs,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  1410. #. type: Plain text
  1411. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:827
  1412. msgid "Once you are happy with the result, you are welcome to send your contribution to make it part of Guix. This process is also detailed in the manual. (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})"
  1413. msgstr "Une fois que vous êtes satisfait du résultat, vous pouvez envoyer votre contribution pour qu'elle rentre dans Guix. Ce processus est aussi détaillé dans le manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})"
  1414. #. type: Plain text
  1415. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:830
  1416. msgid "It's a community effort so the more join in, the better Guix becomes!"
  1417. msgstr "Guix est un projet communautaire, donc plus on est de fous, plus on rit !"
  1418. #. type: subsection
  1419. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:831 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:832
  1420. #, no-wrap
  1421. msgid "Extended example"
  1422. msgstr "Exemple avancé"
  1423. #. type: Plain text
  1424. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:837
  1425. msgid "The above ``Hello World'' example is as simple as it goes. Packages can be more complex than that and Guix can handle more advanced scenarios. Let's look at another, more sophisticated package (slightly modified from the source):"
  1426. msgstr "L'exemple « Hello World » précédent est le plus simple possible. Les paquets peuvent devenir plus complexes que cela et Guix peut gérer des scénarios plus avancés. Voyons un autre paquet plus sophistiqué (légèrement modifié à partir des sources) :"
  1427. #. type: lisp
  1428. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:851
  1429. #, no-wrap
  1430. msgid ""
  1431. "(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
  1432. " #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
  1433. " #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
  1434. " #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
  1435. " #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
  1436. " #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
  1437. " #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
  1438. " #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
  1439. " #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
  1440. " #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
  1441. " #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
  1442. " #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
  1443. "\n"
  1444. msgstr ""
  1445. "(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
  1446. " #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
  1447. " #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
  1448. " #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
  1449. " #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
  1450. " #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
  1451. " #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
  1452. " #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
  1453. " #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
  1454. " #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
  1455. " #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
  1456. " #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
  1457. "\n"
  1458. #. type: lisp
  1459. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:905
  1460. #, no-wrap
  1461. msgid ""
  1462. "(define-public my-libgit2\n"
  1463. " (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
  1464. " (revision \"1\"))\n"
  1465. " (package\n"
  1466. " (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
  1467. " (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
  1468. " (source (origin\n"
  1469. " (method git-fetch)\n"
  1470. " (uri (git-reference\n"
  1471. " (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
  1472. " (commit commit)))\n"
  1473. " (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
  1474. " (sha256\n"
  1475. " (base32\n"
  1476. " \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
  1477. " (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
  1478. " (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
  1479. " ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
  1480. " (snippet '(delete-file-recursively \"deps\"))))\n"
  1481. " (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
  1482. " (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
  1483. " (arguments\n"
  1484. " `(#:tests? #true ; Run the test suite (this is the default)\n"
  1485. " #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision detection\n"
  1486. " #:phases\n"
  1487. " (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
  1488. " (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
  1489. " (lambda _\n"
  1490. " (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
  1491. " ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
  1492. " (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
  1493. " ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
  1494. " ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))))\n"
  1495. " ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
  1496. " (replace 'check\n"
  1497. " (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
  1498. " (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
  1499. " (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
  1500. " (inputs\n"
  1501. " (list libssh2 http-parser python-wrapper))\n"
  1502. " (native-inputs\n"
  1503. " (list pkg-config))\n"
  1504. " (propagated-inputs\n"
  1505. " ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
  1506. " (list openssl zlib))\n"
  1507. " (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
  1508. " (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
  1509. " (description\n"
  1510. " \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
  1511. "provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
  1512. "write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
  1513. " ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
  1514. " (license license:gpl2))))\n"
  1515. msgstr ""
  1516. "(define-public my-libgit2\n"
  1517. " (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
  1518. " (revision \"1\"))\n"
  1519. " (package\n"
  1520. " (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
  1521. " (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
  1522. " (source (origin\n"
  1523. " (method git-fetch)\n"
  1524. " (uri (git-reference\n"
  1525. " (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
  1526. " (commit commit)))\n"
  1527. " (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
  1528. " (sha256\n"
  1529. " (base32\n"
  1530. " \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
  1531. " (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
  1532. " (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
  1533. " ;; Suppression des logiciels embarqués.\n"
  1534. " (snippet '(delete-file-recursively \"deps\"))))\n"
  1535. " (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
  1536. " (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
  1537. " (arguments\n"
  1538. " `(#:tests? #true ; Lancer la suite de tests (c'est la valeur par défaut)\n"
  1539. " #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; détection de collision SHA-1\n"
  1540. " #:phases\n"
  1541. " (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
  1542. " (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
  1543. " (lambda _\n"
  1544. " (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
  1545. " ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
  1546. " (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
  1547. " ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
  1548. " ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))))\n"
  1549. " ;; Lancer les tests avec plus de verbosité.\n"
  1550. " (replace 'check\n"
  1551. " (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
  1552. " (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
  1553. " (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
  1554. " (inputs\n"
  1555. " (list libssh2 http-parser python-wrapper))\n"
  1556. " (native-inputs\n"
  1557. " (list pkg-config))\n"
  1558. " (propagated-inputs\n"
  1559. " ;; Ces deux bibliothèques sont dans « Requires.private », dans libgit2.pc.\n"
  1560. " (list openssl zlib))\n"
  1561. " (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
  1562. " (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
  1563. " (description\n"
  1564. " \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
  1565. "provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
  1566. "write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
  1567. " ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
  1568. " (license license:gpl2))))\n"
  1569. #. type: Plain text
  1570. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:910
  1571. msgid "(In those cases were you only want to tweak a few fields from a package definition, you should rely on inheritance instead of copy-pasting everything. See below.)"
  1572. msgstr "(Dans les cas où vous voulez seulement changer quelques champs d'une définition de paquets, vous devriez utiliser l'héritage au lieu de tout copier-coller. Voir plus bas.)"
  1573. #. type: Plain text
  1574. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:912
  1575. msgid "Let's discuss those fields in depth."
  1576. msgstr "Parlons maintenant de ces champs en détail."
  1577. #. type: subsubsection
  1578. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:913
  1579. #, no-wrap
  1580. msgid "@code{git-fetch} method"
  1581. msgstr "La méthode @code{git-fetch}"
  1582. #. type: Plain text
  1583. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:920
  1584. msgid "Unlike the @code{url-fetch} method, @code{git-fetch} expects a @code{git-reference} which takes a Git repository and a commit. The commit can be any Git reference such as tags, so if the @code{version} is tagged, then it can be used directly. Sometimes the tag is prefixed with a @code{v}, in which case you'd use @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."
  1585. msgstr "Contrairement à la méthode @code{url-fetch}, @code{git-fetch} a besoin d'un @code{git-reference} qui prend un dépôt Git et un commit. Le commit peut être n'importe quelle référence Git comme des tags, donc si la @code{version} a un tag associé, vous pouvez l'utiliser directement. Parfois le tag est précédé de @code{v}, auquel cas vous pouvez utiliser @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."
  1586. #. type: Plain text
  1587. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:924
  1588. msgid "To ensure that the source code from the Git repository is stored in a directory with a descriptive name, we use @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."
  1589. msgstr "Pour vous assurer que le code source du dépôt Git est stocké dans un répertoire avec un nom descriptif, utilisez @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."
  1590. #. type: Plain text
  1591. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:929
  1592. msgid "The @code{git-version} procedure can be used to derive the version when packaging programs for a specific commit, following the Guix contributor guidelines (@pxref{Version Numbers,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1593. msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser la procédure @code{git-version} pour calculer la version quand vous empaquetez des programmes pour un commit spécifique, en suivant le guide de contribution (@pxref{Numéros de version,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  1594. #. type: Plain text
  1595. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:933
  1596. msgid "How does one obtain the @code{sha256} hash that's in there, you ask? By invoking @command{guix hash} on a checkout of the desired commit, along these lines:"
  1597. msgstr "Comment obtenir le hash @code{sha256}, vous demandez-vous ? En invoquant @command{guix hash} sur un clone du commit voulu, de cette manière :"
  1598. #. type: example
  1599. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:939
  1600. #, no-wrap
  1601. msgid ""
  1602. "git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
  1603. "cd libgit2\n"
  1604. "git checkout v0.26.6\n"
  1605. "guix hash -rx .\n"
  1606. msgstr ""
  1607. "git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
  1608. "cd libgit2\n"
  1609. "git checkout v0.26.6\n"
  1610. "guix hash -rx .\n"
  1611. #. type: Plain text
  1612. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:944
  1613. msgid "@command{guix hash -rx} computes a SHA256 hash over the whole directory, excluding the @file{.git} sub-directory (@pxref{Invoking guix hash,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1614. msgstr "@command{guix hash -rx} calcul un SHA256 sur le répertoire entier, en excluant le sous-répertoire @file{.git} (@pxref{Invoquer guix hash,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  1615. #. type: Plain text
  1616. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:947
  1617. msgid "In the future, @command{guix download} will hopefully be able to do these steps for you, just like it does for regular downloads."
  1618. msgstr "Dans le futur, @command{guix download} sera sans doute capable de faire cela pour vous, comme il le fait pour les téléchargements directs."
  1619. #. type: subsubsection
  1620. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:948
  1621. #, no-wrap
  1622. msgid "Snippets"
  1623. msgstr "Les bouts de code"
  1624. #. type: Plain text
  1625. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:954
  1626. msgid "Snippets are quoted (i.e. non-evaluated) Scheme code that are a means of patching the source. They are a Guix-y alternative to the traditional @file{.patch} files. Because of the quote, the code in only evaluated when passed to the Guix daemon for building. There can be as many snippets as needed."
  1627. msgstr "Les bouts de code (snippet) sont des fragments quotés (c.-à-d. non évalués) de code Scheme utilisés pour modifier les sources. C'est une alternative aux fichiers @file{.patch} traditionnels, plus proche de l'esprit de Guix. À cause de la quote, le code n'est évalué que lorsqu'il est passé au démon Guix pour la construction. Il peut y avoir autant de bout de code que nécessaire."
  1628. #. type: Plain text
  1629. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:957
  1630. msgid "Snippets might need additional Guile modules which can be imported from the @code{modules} field."
  1631. msgstr "Les bouts de code on parfois besoin de modules Guile supplémentaires qui peuvent être importés dans le champ @code{modules}."
  1632. #. type: subsubsection
  1633. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:958
  1634. #, no-wrap
  1635. msgid "Inputs"
  1636. msgstr "Entrées"
  1637. #. type: Plain text
  1638. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:961
  1639. msgid "There are 3 different input types. In short:"
  1640. msgstr "Il y a trois types d'entrées. En résumé :"
  1641. #. type: item
  1642. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:963
  1643. #, no-wrap
  1644. msgid "native-inputs"
  1645. msgstr "native-inputs"
  1646. #. type: table
  1647. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:966
  1648. msgid "Required for building but not runtime -- installing a package through a substitute won't install these inputs."
  1649. msgstr "Requis pour construire mais pas à l'exécution -- installer un paquet avec un substitut n'installera pas ces entrées."
  1650. #. type: item
  1651. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:966
  1652. #, no-wrap
  1653. msgid "inputs"
  1654. msgstr "inputs"
  1655. #. type: table
  1656. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:969
  1657. msgid "Installed in the store but not in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
  1658. msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt mais pas dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."
  1659. #. type: item
  1660. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:969
  1661. #, no-wrap
  1662. msgid "propagated-inputs"
  1663. msgstr "propagated-inputs"
  1664. #. type: table
  1665. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:972
  1666. msgid "Installed in the store and in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
  1667. msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt et dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."
  1668. #. type: Plain text
  1669. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:975
  1670. msgid "@xref{package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for more details."
  1671. msgstr "@xref{Référence de package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour plus de détails."
  1672. #. type: Plain text
  1673. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:979
  1674. msgid "The distinction between the various inputs is important: if a dependency can be handled as an @emph{input} instead of a @emph{propagated input}, it should be done so, or else it ``pollutes'' the user profile for no good reason."
  1675. msgstr "La différence entre les différents types d'entrées est importante : si une dépendance peut être utilisée comme @emph{entrée} plutôt que comme @emph{entrée propagée}, il faut faire ça, sinon elle « polluera » le profil utilisateur sans raison."
  1676. #. type: Plain text
  1677. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:986
  1678. msgid "For instance, a user installing a graphical program that depends on a command line tool might only be interested in the graphical part, so there is no need to force the command line tool into the user profile. The dependency is a concern to the package, not to the user. @emph{Inputs} make it possible to handle dependencies without bugging the user by adding undesired executable files (or libraries) to their profile."
  1679. msgstr "Par exemple, si vous installez un programme graphique qui dépend d'un outil en ligne de commande, vous êtes probablement intéressé uniquement par la partie graphique, donc inutile de forcer l'outil en ligne de commande à être présent dans le profil utilisateur. Les dépendances sont gérés par les paquets, pas par les utilisateurs et utilisatrices. Les @emph{entrées} permettent de gérer les dépendances sans ennuyer les utilisateurs et utilisatrices en ajoutant des fichiers exécutables (ou bibliothèque) inutiles dans leur profil."
  1680. #. type: Plain text
  1681. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:992
  1682. msgid "Same goes for @emph{native-inputs}: once the program is installed, build-time dependencies can be safely garbage-collected. It also matters when a substitute is available, in which case only the @emph{inputs} and @emph{propagated inputs} will be fetched: the @emph{native inputs} are not required to install a package from a substitute."
  1683. msgstr "Pareil pour @emph{native-inputs} : une fois le programme installé, les dépendances à la construction peuvent être supprimées sans problème par le ramasse-miettes. Lorsqu'un substitut est disponible, seuls les @emph{entrées} et les @emph{entrées propagées} sont récupérées : les @emph{entrées natives} ne sont pas requises pour installer un paquet à partir d'un substitut."
  1684. #. type: quotation
  1685. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:993 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2024
  1686. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3700 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3754
  1687. #, no-wrap
  1688. msgid "Note"
  1689. msgstr "Remarque"
  1690. #. type: quotation
  1691. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:996
  1692. msgid "You may see here and there snippets where package inputs are written quite differently, like so:"
  1693. msgstr "Vous trouverez ici et là des extraits où les entrées des paquets sont écrites assez différemment, comme ceci :"
  1694. #. type: lisp
  1695. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1003
  1696. #, no-wrap
  1697. msgid ""
  1698. ";; The \"old style\" for inputs.\n"
  1699. "(inputs\n"
  1700. " `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
  1701. " (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
  1702. " (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
  1703. msgstr ""
  1704. ";; « L'ancien style » pour les entrées.\n"
  1705. "(inputs\n"
  1706. " `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
  1707. " (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
  1708. " (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
  1709. #. type: quotation
  1710. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1009
  1711. msgid "This is the ``old style'', where each input in the list is explicitly given a label (a string). It is still supported but we recommend using the style above instead. @xref{package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more info."
  1712. msgstr "C'est « l'ancien style », où chaque entrée est une liste que donne une étiquette explicite (une chaine). C'est une méthode prise en charge mais nous vous recommandons plutôt d'utiliser le style présenté plus haut. @xref{Référence de package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations."
  1713. #. type: subsubsection
  1714. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1011
  1715. #, no-wrap
  1716. msgid "Outputs"
  1717. msgstr "Sorties"
  1718. #. type: Plain text
  1719. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1015
  1720. msgid "Just like how a package can have multiple inputs, it can also produce multiple outputs."
  1721. msgstr "De la même manière qu'un paquet peut avoir plusieurs entrées, il peut aussi avoir plusieurs sorties."
  1722. #. type: Plain text
  1723. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1017
  1724. msgid "Each output corresponds to a separate directory in the store."
  1725. msgstr "Chaque sortie correspond à un répertoire différent dans le dépôt."
  1726. #. type: Plain text
  1727. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1020
  1728. msgid "The user can choose which output to install; this is useful to save space or to avoid polluting the user profile with unwanted executables or libraries."
  1729. msgstr "Vous pouvez choisir quelle sortie installer ; c'est utile pour préserver l'espace disque et éviter de polluer le profil utilisateur avec des exécutables et des bibliothèques inutiles."
  1730. #. type: Plain text
  1731. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1023
  1732. msgid "Output separation is optional. When the @code{outputs} field is left out, the default and only output (the complete package) is referred to as @code{\"out\"}."
  1733. msgstr "La séparation des sorties est facultative. Lorsque le champ @code{outputs} n'est pas spécifié, l'unique sortie par défaut (le paquet complet donc) est @code{\"out\"}."
  1734. #. type: Plain text
  1735. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1025
  1736. msgid "Typical separate output names include @code{debug} and @code{doc}."
  1737. msgstr "Les sorties séparées sont en général @code{debug} et @code{doc}."
  1738. #. type: Plain text
  1739. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1029
  1740. msgid "It's advised to separate outputs only when you've shown it's worth it: if the output size is significant (compare with @code{guix size}) or in case the package is modular."
  1741. msgstr "Vous devriez séparer les sorties seulement si vous pouvez montrer que c'est utile : si la taille de la sortie est importante (vous pouvez comparer avec @code{guix size}) ou si le paquet est modulaire."
  1742. #. type: subsubsection
  1743. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1030
  1744. #, no-wrap
  1745. msgid "Build system arguments"
  1746. msgstr "Arguments du système de construction"
  1747. #. type: Plain text
  1748. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1033
  1749. msgid "The @code{arguments} is a keyword-value list used to configure the build process."
  1750. msgstr "Le champ @code{arguments} est une liste de mot-clés et de valeurs utilisés pour configurer le processus de construction."
  1751. #. type: Plain text
  1752. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1038
  1753. msgid "The simplest argument @code{#:tests?} can be used to disable the test suite when building the package. This is mostly useful when the package does not feature any test suite. It's strongly recommended to keep the test suite on if there is one."
  1754. msgstr "L'argument le plus simple est @code{#:tests?} et on l'utilise pour désactiver la suite de tests pendant la construction du paquet. C'est surtout utile si le paquet n'a pas de suite de tests. Nous vous recommandons fortement de laisser tourner la suite de tests s'il y en a une."
  1755. #. type: Plain text
  1756. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1042
  1757. msgid "Another common argument is @code{:make-flags}, which specifies a list of flags to append when running make, as you would from the command line. For instance, the following flags"
  1758. msgstr "Un autre argument courant est @code{#:make-flags}, qui spécifie une liste de drapeaux à ajouter en lançant make, comme ce que vous feriez sur la ligne de commande. Par exemple, les drapeaux suivants"
  1759. #. type: lisp
  1760. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1046
  1761. #, no-wrap
  1762. msgid ""
  1763. "#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
  1764. " \"CC=gcc\")\n"
  1765. msgstr ""
  1766. "#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
  1767. " \"CC=gcc\")\n"
  1768. #. type: Plain text
  1769. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1049
  1770. msgid "translate into"
  1771. msgstr "se traduisent en"
  1772. #. type: example
  1773. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1052
  1774. #, no-wrap
  1775. msgid "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
  1776. msgstr "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
  1777. #. type: Plain text
  1778. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1058
  1779. msgid "This sets the C compiler to @code{gcc} and the @code{prefix} variable (the installation directory in Make parlance) to @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, which is a build-stage global variable pointing to the destination directory in the store (something like @file{/gnu/store/...-my-libgit2-20180408})."
  1780. msgstr "Cela indique que le compilateur C sera @code{gcc} et la variable @code{prefix} (le répertoire d'installation pour Make) sera @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, qui est une variable globale côté construction qui pointe vers le répertoire de destination dans le dépôt (quelque chose comme @file{/gnu/store/…-my-libgit2-20180408})."
  1781. #. type: Plain text
  1782. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1060
  1783. msgid "Similarly, it's possible to set the configure flags:"
  1784. msgstr "De manière identique, vous pouvez indiquer les drapeaux de configuration :"
  1785. #. type: lisp
  1786. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1063
  1787. #, no-wrap
  1788. msgid "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
  1789. msgstr "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
  1790. #. type: Plain text
  1791. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1067
  1792. msgid "The @code{%build-inputs} variable is also generated in scope. It's an association table that maps the input names to their store directories."
  1793. msgstr "La variable @code{%build-inputs} est aussi générée dans cette portée. C'est une liste d'association qui fait correspondre les noms des entrées à leur répertoire dans le dépôt."
  1794. #. type: Plain text
  1795. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1072
  1796. msgid "The @code{phases} keyword lists the sequential steps of the build system. Typically phases include @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} and @code{check}. To know more about those phases, you need to work out the appropriate build system definition in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm}:"
  1797. msgstr "Le mot-clé @code{phases} liste la séquence d'étapes du système de construction. Les phases usuelles sont @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} et @code{check}. Pour en savoir plus, vous devez trouver la bonne définition du système de construction dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm} :"
  1798. #. type: lisp
  1799. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1091
  1800. #, no-wrap
  1801. msgid ""
  1802. "(define %standard-phases\n"
  1803. " ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
  1804. " (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
  1805. " ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
  1806. " (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
  1807. " bootstrap\n"
  1808. " patch-usr-bin-file\n"
  1809. " patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
  1810. " build check install\n"
  1811. " patch-shebangs strip\n"
  1812. " validate-runpath\n"
  1813. " validate-documentation-location\n"
  1814. " delete-info-dir-file\n"
  1815. " patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
  1816. " install-license-files\n"
  1817. " reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
  1818. " compress-documentation)))\n"
  1819. msgstr ""
  1820. "(define %standard-phases\n"
  1821. " ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
  1822. " (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
  1823. " ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
  1824. " (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
  1825. " bootstrap\n"
  1826. " patch-usr-bin-file\n"
  1827. " patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
  1828. " build check install\n"
  1829. " patch-shebangs strip\n"
  1830. " validate-runpath\n"
  1831. " validate-documentation-location\n"
  1832. " delete-info-dir-file\n"
  1833. " patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
  1834. " install-license-files\n"
  1835. " reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
  1836. " compress-documentation)))\n"
  1837. #. type: Plain text
  1838. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1094
  1839. msgid "Or from the REPL:"
  1840. msgstr "Ou depuis la REPL :"
  1841. #. type: lisp
  1842. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1100
  1843. #, no-wrap
  1844. msgid ""
  1845. "(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
  1846. ",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
  1847. "(map first %standard-phases)\n"
  1848. "@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"
  1849. msgstr ""
  1850. "(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
  1851. ",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
  1852. "(map first %standard-phases)\n"
  1853. "@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"
  1854. #. type: Plain text
  1855. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1104
  1856. msgid "If you want to know more about what happens during those phases, consult the associated procedures."
  1857. msgstr "Si vous voulez en apprendre plus sur ce qui arrive pendant ces phases, consultez les procédures associées."
  1858. #. type: Plain text
  1859. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1107
  1860. msgid "For instance, as of this writing the definition of @code{unpack} for the GNU build system is:"
  1861. msgstr "Par exemple, au moment d'écrire ces lignes, la définition de @code{unpack} dans le système de construction de GNU est :"
  1862. #. type: lisp
  1863. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1117
  1864. #, no-wrap
  1865. msgid ""
  1866. "(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
  1867. " \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
  1868. "source. When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
  1869. "working directory.\"\n"
  1870. " (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
  1871. " (begin\n"
  1872. " (mkdir \"source\")\n"
  1873. " (chdir \"source\")\n"
  1874. "\n"
  1875. msgstr ""
  1876. "(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
  1877. " \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
  1878. "source. When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
  1879. "working directory.\"\n"
  1880. " (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
  1881. " (begin\n"
  1882. " (mkdir \"source\")\n"
  1883. " (chdir \"source\")\n"
  1884. "\n"
  1885. #. type: lisp
  1886. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1128
  1887. #, no-wrap
  1888. msgid ""
  1889. " ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
  1890. " ;; things work deterministically.\n"
  1891. " (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
  1892. " #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
  1893. " (begin\n"
  1894. " (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
  1895. " (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
  1896. " (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
  1897. " (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
  1898. " #true)\n"
  1899. msgstr ""
  1900. " ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
  1901. " ;; things work deterministically.\n"
  1902. " (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
  1903. " #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
  1904. " (begin\n"
  1905. " (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
  1906. " (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
  1907. " (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
  1908. " (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
  1909. " #true)\n"
  1910. #. type: Plain text
  1911. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1136
  1912. msgid "Note the @code{chdir} call: it changes the working directory to where the source was unpacked. Thus every phase following the @code{unpack} will use the source as a working directory, which is why we can directly work on the source files. That is to say, unless a later phase changes the working directory to something else."
  1913. msgstr "Remarquez l'appel à @code{chdir} : il change de répertoire courant vers la source qui vient d'être décompressée. Ainsi toutes les phases suivantes utiliseront le répertoire des sources comme répertoire de travail, ce qui explique qu'on peut travailler directement sur les fichiers sources. Du moins, tant qu'une phase suivante ne change pas le répertoire de travail."
  1914. #. type: Plain text
  1915. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1140
  1916. msgid "We modify the list of @code{%standard-phases} of the build system with the @code{modify-phases} macro as per the list of specified modifications, which may have the following forms:"
  1917. msgstr "Nous modifions la liste des @code{%standard-phases} du système de construction avec la macro @code{modify-phases} qui indique la liste des modifications, sous cette formes :"
  1918. #. type: itemize
  1919. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1144
  1920. msgid "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Run @var{procedure} named @var{new-phase} before @var{phase}."
  1921. msgstr "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Lance une @var{procédure} nommée @var{nouvelle-phase} avant @var{phase}."
  1922. #. type: itemize
  1923. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1146
  1924. msgid "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Same, but afterwards."
  1925. msgstr "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Pareil, mais après la @var{phase}."
  1926. #. type: itemize
  1927. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1148
  1928. msgid "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procedure})}."
  1929. msgstr "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procédure})}."
  1930. #. type: itemize
  1931. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1150
  1932. msgid "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
  1933. msgstr "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
  1934. #. type: Plain text
  1935. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1157
  1936. msgid "The @var{procedure} supports the keyword arguments @code{inputs} and @code{outputs}. Each input (whether @emph{native}, @emph{propagated} or not) and output directory is referenced by their name in those variables. Thus @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} is the store directory of the main output of the package. A phase procedure may look like this:"
  1937. msgstr "La @var{procédure} prend en charge les arguments @code{inputs} et @code{outputs} sous forme de mot-clés. Les entrées (@emph{natives}, @emph{propagées} et simples) et répertoires de sortie sont référencés par leur nom dans ces variables. Ainsi @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} est le répertoire du dépôt de la sortie principale du paquet. Une procédure de phase ressemble à cela :"
  1938. #. type: lisp
  1939. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1165
  1940. #, no-wrap
  1941. msgid ""
  1942. "(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
  1943. " (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
  1944. " (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
  1945. " (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
  1946. " ;; ...\n"
  1947. " #true))\n"
  1948. msgstr ""
  1949. "(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
  1950. " (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
  1951. " (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
  1952. " (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
  1953. " ;; ...\n"
  1954. " #true))\n"
  1955. #. type: Plain text
  1956. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1171
  1957. msgid "The procedure must return @code{#true} on success. It's brittle to rely on the return value of the last expression used to tweak the phase because there is no guarantee it would be a @code{#true}. Hence the trailing @code{#true} to ensure the right value is returned on success."
  1958. msgstr "La procédure doit renvoyer @code{#true} si elle réussit. S'appuyer sur la valeur de retour de la dernière expression n'est pas très solide parce qu'il n'y a pas de garantie qu'elle sera @code{#true}. Donc le @code{#true} à la fin permet de s'assurer que la bonne valeur est renvoyée si la phase réussit."
  1959. #. type: subsubsection
  1960. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1172
  1961. #, no-wrap
  1962. msgid "Code staging"
  1963. msgstr "Échelonnage du code"
  1964. #. type: Plain text
  1965. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1178
  1966. msgid "The astute reader may have noticed the quasi-quote and comma syntax in the argument field. Indeed, the build code in the package declaration should not be evaluated on the client side, but only when passed to the Guix daemon. This mechanism of passing code around two running processes is called @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, code staging}."
  1967. msgstr "Si vous avez été attentif, vous aurez remarqué la quasi-quote et la virgule dans le champ argument. En effet, le code de construction dans la déclaration du paquet ne doit pas être évalué côté client, mais seulement après avoir été passé au démon Guix. Ce mécanisme de passage de code entre deux processus s'appelle @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, l'échelonnage de code}."
  1968. #. type: subsubsection
  1969. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1179
  1970. #, no-wrap
  1971. msgid "Utility functions"
  1972. msgstr "Fonctions utilitaires"
  1973. #. type: Plain text
  1974. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1184
  1975. msgid "When customizing @code{phases}, we often need to write code that mimics the equivalent system invocations (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc.)@: commonly used during regular ``Unix-style'' installations."
  1976. msgstr "Lorsque vous modifiez les @code{phases}, vous aurez souvent besoin d'écrire du code qui ressemble aux invocation équivalentes (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc) couramment utilisées durant une installatio plus standard dans le monde Unix."
  1977. #. type: Plain text
  1978. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1187
  1979. msgid "Some like @code{chmod} are native to Guile. @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} for a complete list."
  1980. msgstr "Certaines comme @code{chmod} sont natives dans Guile. @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} pour une liste complète."
  1981. #. type: Plain text
  1982. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1190
  1983. msgid "Guix provides additional helper functions which prove especially handy in the context of package management."
  1984. msgstr "Guix fournit des fonctions utilitaires supplémentaires qui sont particulièrement utiles pour la gestion des paquets."
  1985. #. type: Plain text
  1986. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1194
  1987. msgid "Some of those functions can be found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. Most of them mirror the behaviour of the traditional Unix system commands:"
  1988. msgstr "Certaines de ces fonctions se trouvent dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. La plupart copient le comportement des commandes systèmes Unix traditionnelles :"
  1989. #. type: item
  1990. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1196
  1991. #, no-wrap
  1992. msgid "which"
  1993. msgstr "which"
  1994. #. type: table
  1995. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1198
  1996. msgid "Like the @samp{which} system command."
  1997. msgstr "Fonctionne comme la commande système @samp{which}."
  1998. #. type: item
  1999. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1198
  2000. #, no-wrap
  2001. msgid "find-files"
  2002. msgstr "find-files"
  2003. #. type: table
  2004. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1200
  2005. msgid "Akin to the @samp{find} system command."
  2006. msgstr "Fonctionne un peu comme la commande @samp{find}."
  2007. #. type: item
  2008. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1200
  2009. #, no-wrap
  2010. msgid "mkdir-p"
  2011. msgstr "mkdir-p"
  2012. #. type: table
  2013. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1202
  2014. msgid "Like @samp{mkdir -p}, which creates all parents as needed."
  2015. msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{mkdir -p}, qui crée tous les parents si besoin."
  2016. #. type: item
  2017. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1202
  2018. #, no-wrap
  2019. msgid "install-file"
  2020. msgstr "install-file"
  2021. #. type: table
  2022. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1206
  2023. msgid "Similar to @samp{install} when installing a file to a (possibly non-existing) directory. Guile has @code{copy-file} which works like @samp{cp}."
  2024. msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{install} pour installer un fichier vers un répertoire (éventuellement non existant). Guile a @code{copy-file} qui fonctionne comme @samp{cp}."
  2025. #. type: item
  2026. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1206
  2027. #, no-wrap
  2028. msgid "copy-recursively"
  2029. msgstr "copy-recursively"
  2030. #. type: table
  2031. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1208
  2032. msgid "Like @samp{cp -r}."
  2033. msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{cp -r}."
  2034. #. type: item
  2035. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1208
  2036. #, no-wrap
  2037. msgid "delete-file-recursively"
  2038. msgstr "delete-file-recursively"
  2039. #. type: table
  2040. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1210
  2041. msgid "Like @samp{rm -rf}."
  2042. msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{rm -rf}."
  2043. #. type: item
  2044. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1210
  2045. #, no-wrap
  2046. msgid "invoke"
  2047. msgstr "invoke"
  2048. #. type: table
  2049. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1212
  2050. msgid "Run an executable. This should be used instead of @code{system*}."
  2051. msgstr "Lance un exécutable. Vous devriez utiliser cela à la place de @code{system*}."
  2052. #. type: item
  2053. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1212
  2054. #, no-wrap
  2055. msgid "with-directory-excursion"
  2056. msgstr "with-directory-excursion"
  2057. #. type: table
  2058. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1215
  2059. msgid "Run the body in a different working directory, then restore the previous working directory."
  2060. msgstr "Lance le corps dans un répertoire de travail différent, puis revient au répertoire de travail précédent."
  2061. #. type: item
  2062. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1215
  2063. #, no-wrap
  2064. msgid "substitute*"
  2065. msgstr "substitute*"
  2066. #. type: table
  2067. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1217
  2068. msgid "A ``@command{sed}-like'' function."
  2069. msgstr "Une fonction similaire à @command{sed}."
  2070. #. type: Plain text
  2071. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1221
  2072. msgid "@xref{Build Utilities,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on these utilities."
  2073. msgstr "@xref{Utilitaires de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur ces utilitaires."
  2074. #. type: subsubsection
  2075. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1222
  2076. #, no-wrap
  2077. msgid "Module prefix"
  2078. msgstr "Préfixe de module"
  2079. #. type: Plain text
  2080. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1232
  2081. msgid "The license in our last example needs a prefix: this is because of how the @code{license} module was imported in the package, as @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. The Guile module import mechanism (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) gives the user full control over namespacing: this is needed to avoid clashes between, say, the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{licenses.scm} (a @emph{license} value) and the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{compression.scm} (a @emph{package} value)."
  2082. msgstr "La licence dans notre dernier exemple a besoin d'un préfixe à cause de la manière dont le module @code{licenses} a été importé dans le paquet, avec @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. Le mécanisme d'import de module de Guile (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) permet de contrôler complètement l'espace de nom. Cela évite les conflits entre, disons, la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{licenses.scm} (un @emph{licence}) et la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{compression.scm} (un @emph{paquet})."
  2083. #. type: subsection
  2084. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1233 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1234
  2085. #, no-wrap
  2086. msgid "Other build systems"
  2087. msgstr "Autres systèmes de construction"
  2088. #. type: Plain text
  2089. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1241
  2090. msgid "What we've seen so far covers the majority of packages using a build system other than the @code{trivial-build-system}. The latter does not automate anything and leaves you to build everything manually. This can be more demanding and we won't cover it here for now, but thankfully it is rarely necessary to fall back on this system."
  2091. msgstr "Ce que nous avons vu jusqu'ici couvre la majeur partie des paquets qui utilisent un système de construction autre que @code{trivial-build-system}. Ce dernier n'automatise rien et vous laisse tout construire par vous-même. C'est plus exigeant et nous n'en parlerons pas pour l'instant, mais heureusement il est rarement nécessaire d'aller jusqu'à ces extrémités."
  2092. #. type: Plain text
  2093. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1245
  2094. msgid "For the other build systems, such as ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby and many more, the process is very similar to the GNU build system except for a few specialized arguments."
  2095. msgstr "Pour les autres systèmes de construction, comme ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby et bien d'autres, le processus est très similaire à celui du système de construction de GNU en dehors de quelques arguments spécialisés."
  2096. #. type: Plain text
  2097. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1250
  2098. msgid "@xref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on build systems, or check the source code in the @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} and @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system} directories."
  2099. msgstr "@xref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur les systèmes de construction, ou voir le code source dans les répertoires @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} et @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system}."
  2100. #. type: subsection
  2101. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1251 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1252
  2102. #, no-wrap
  2103. msgid "Programmable and automated package definition"
  2104. msgstr "Définition programmable et automatisée"
  2105. #. type: Plain text
  2106. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1256
  2107. msgid "We can't repeat it enough: having a full-fledged programming language at hand empowers us in ways that reach far beyond traditional package management."
  2108. msgstr "Nous ne le répéterons jamais assez : avoir un langage de programmation complet à disposition nous permet de faire bien plus de choses que la gestion de paquets traditionnelle."
  2109. #. type: Plain text
  2110. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1258
  2111. msgid "Let's illustrate this with some awesome features of Guix!"
  2112. msgstr "Illustrons cela avec certaines fonctionnalités géniales de Guix !"
  2113. #. type: subsubsection
  2114. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1259 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1260
  2115. #, no-wrap
  2116. msgid "Recursive importers"
  2117. msgstr "Les importateurs récursifs"
  2118. #. type: Plain text
  2119. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1267
  2120. msgid "You might find some build systems good enough that there is little to do at all to write a package, to the point that it becomes repetitive and tedious after a while. A @emph{raison d'être} of computers is to replace human beings at those boring tasks. So let's tell Guix to do this for us and create the package definition of an R package from CRAN (the output is trimmed for conciseness):"
  2121. msgstr "Certains systèmes de constructions sont si bons qu'il n'y a presque rien à écrire pour créer un paquet, au point que cela devient rapidement répétitif et pénible. L'une des raisons d'être des ordinateurs est de remplacer les êtres humains pour ces taches barbantes. Disons donc à Guix de faire cela pour nous et de créer les définitions de paquets pour un paquet R venant de CRAN (la sortie est coupée par souci de place) :"
  2122. #. type: example
  2123. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1270
  2124. #, no-wrap
  2125. msgid ""
  2126. "$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
  2127. "\n"
  2128. msgstr ""
  2129. "$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
  2130. "\n"
  2131. #. type: example
  2132. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1274
  2133. #, no-wrap
  2134. msgid ""
  2135. "(define-public r-mc2d\n"
  2136. " ; ...\n"
  2137. " (license gpl2+)))\n"
  2138. "\n"
  2139. msgstr ""
  2140. "(define-public r-mc2d\n"
  2141. " ; ...\n"
  2142. " (license gpl2+)))\n"
  2143. "\n"
  2144. #. type: example
  2145. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1278
  2146. #, no-wrap
  2147. msgid ""
  2148. "(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
  2149. " ; ...\n"
  2150. " (license gpl2+)))\n"
  2151. "\n"
  2152. msgstr ""
  2153. "(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
  2154. " ; ...\n"
  2155. " (license gpl2+)))\n"
  2156. "\n"
  2157. #. type: example
  2158. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1282
  2159. #, no-wrap
  2160. msgid ""
  2161. "(define-public r-wrs2\n"
  2162. " ; ...\n"
  2163. " (license gpl3)))\n"
  2164. "\n"
  2165. msgstr ""
  2166. "(define-public r-wrs2\n"
  2167. " ; ...\n"
  2168. " (license gpl3)))\n"
  2169. "\n"
  2170. #. type: example
  2171. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1308
  2172. #, no-wrap
  2173. msgid ""
  2174. "(define-public r-walrus\n"
  2175. " (package\n"
  2176. " (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
  2177. " (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
  2178. " (source\n"
  2179. " (origin\n"
  2180. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  2181. " (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
  2182. " (sha256\n"
  2183. " (base32\n"
  2184. " \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
  2185. " (build-system r-build-system)\n"
  2186. " (propagated-inputs\n"
  2187. " (list r-ggplot2 r-jmvcore r-r6 r-wrs2))\n"
  2188. " (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
  2189. " (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
  2190. " (description\n"
  2191. " \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
  2192. "tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
  2193. "It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
  2194. "<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information). Walrus is based on the\n"
  2195. "WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
  2196. "work of Rand Wilcox. These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
  2197. "'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
  2198. " (license gpl3)))\n"
  2199. msgstr ""
  2200. "(define-public r-walrus\n"
  2201. " (package\n"
  2202. " (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
  2203. " (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
  2204. " (source\n"
  2205. " (origin\n"
  2206. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  2207. " (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
  2208. " (sha256\n"
  2209. " (base32\n"
  2210. " \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
  2211. " (build-system r-build-system)\n"
  2212. " (propagated-inputs\n"
  2213. " (list r-ggplot2 r-jmvcore r-r6 r-wrs2))\n"
  2214. " (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
  2215. " (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
  2216. " (description\n"
  2217. " \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
  2218. "tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
  2219. "It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
  2220. "<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information). Walrus is based on the\n"
  2221. "WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
  2222. "work of Rand Wilcox. These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
  2223. "'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
  2224. " (license gpl3)))\n"
  2225. #. type: Plain text
  2226. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1312
  2227. msgid "The recursive importer won't import packages for which Guix already has package definitions, except for the very first."
  2228. msgstr "L'importateur récursif n'importera pas les paquets pour lesquels Guix a déjà une définition, sauf pour le tout premier."
  2229. #. type: Plain text
  2230. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1317
  2231. msgid "Not all applications can be packaged this way, only those relying on a select number of supported systems. Read about the full list of importers in the guix import section of the manual (@pxref{Invoking guix import,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  2232. msgstr "Toutes les applications ne peuvent pas être empaquetées de cette manière, seules celles qui s'appuient sur un nombre restreint de systèmes pris en charge le peuvent. Vous trouverez la liste complète des importateurs dans la section dédiée du manuel (@pxref{Invoquer guix import,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU})."
  2233. #. type: subsubsection
  2234. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1318 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1319
  2235. #, no-wrap
  2236. msgid "Automatic update"
  2237. msgstr "Mise à jour automatique"
  2238. #. type: Plain text
  2239. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1323
  2240. msgid "Guix can be smart enough to check for updates on systems it knows. It can report outdated package definitions with"
  2241. msgstr "Guix peut être assez intelligent pour vérifier s'il y a des mises à jour sur les systèmes qu'il connaît. Il peut rapporter les paquets anciens avec"
  2242. #. type: example
  2243. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1326
  2244. #, no-wrap
  2245. msgid "$ guix refresh hello\n"
  2246. msgstr "$ guix refresh hello\n"
  2247. #. type: Plain text
  2248. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1331
  2249. msgid "In most cases, updating a package to a newer version requires little more than changing the version number and the checksum. Guix can do that automatically as well:"
  2250. msgstr "La plupart du temps, mettre à jour un paquet vers une nouvelle version ne demande pas beaucoup plus que de changer le numéro de version et la somme de contrôle. Guix peut aussi le faire automatiquement :"
  2251. #. type: example
  2252. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1334
  2253. #, no-wrap
  2254. msgid "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
  2255. msgstr "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
  2256. #. type: subsubsection
  2257. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1336 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1337
  2258. #, no-wrap
  2259. msgid "Inheritance"
  2260. msgstr "Héritage"
  2261. #. type: Plain text
  2262. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1341
  2263. msgid "If you've started browsing the existing package definitions, you might have noticed that a significant number of them have a @code{inherit} field:"
  2264. msgstr "Si vous avez commencé à regarder des définitions de paquets existantes, vous avez peut-être remarqué qu'un certain nombre d'entre elles ont un champ @code{inherit} :"
  2265. #. type: lisp
  2266. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1356
  2267. #, no-wrap
  2268. msgid ""
  2269. "(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
  2270. " (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
  2271. " (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
  2272. " (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
  2273. " (source (origin\n"
  2274. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  2275. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
  2276. " (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
  2277. " name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
  2278. " (sha256\n"
  2279. " (base32\n"
  2280. " \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
  2281. " (native-inputs (list `(,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
  2282. msgstr ""
  2283. "(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
  2284. " (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
  2285. " (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
  2286. " (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
  2287. " (source (origin\n"
  2288. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  2289. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
  2290. " (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
  2291. " name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
  2292. " (sha256\n"
  2293. " (base32\n"
  2294. " \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
  2295. " (native-inputs (list `(,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
  2296. #. type: Plain text
  2297. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1361
  2298. msgid "All unspecified fields are inherited from the parent package. This is very convenient to create alternative packages, for instance with different source, version or compilation options."
  2299. msgstr "Tous les champs non spécifiés héritent du paquet parent. C'est très pratique pour créer un paquet alternatif, par exemple avec une source, une version ou des options de compilation différentes."
  2300. #. type: subsection
  2301. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1362 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1363
  2302. #, no-wrap
  2303. msgid "Getting help"
  2304. msgstr "Se faire aider"
  2305. #. type: Plain text
  2306. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1369
  2307. msgid "Sadly, some applications can be tough to package. Sometimes they need a patch to work with the non-standard file system hierarchy enforced by the store. Sometimes the tests won't run properly. (They can be skipped but this is not recommended.) Other times the resulting package won't be reproducible."
  2308. msgstr "Malheureusement, certaines applications peuvent être difficiles à empaqueter. Parfois elles ont besoin d'un correctif pour fonctionner avec la hiérarchie du système de fichiers non standard imposée par de dépôt. Parfois les tests ne se lancent pas correctement (vous pouvez les passer mais ce n'est pas recommandé). Parfois le paquet n'est pas reproductible."
  2309. #. type: Plain text
  2310. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1372
  2311. msgid "Should you be stuck, unable to figure out how to fix any sort of packaging issue, don't hesitate to ask the community for help."
  2312. msgstr "Si vous êtes bloqué·e, incapable de trouver comme corriger un problème d'empaquetage, n'hésitez pas à demander de l'aide à la communauté."
  2313. #. type: Plain text
  2314. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1374
  2315. msgid "See the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/contact/, Guix homepage} for information on the mailing lists, IRC, etc."
  2316. msgstr "voir la @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/fr/contact/,la page d'accueil de Guix} pour plus d'informations sur les listes de diffusion, IRC, etc."
  2317. #. type: subsection
  2318. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1375 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1376
  2319. #, no-wrap
  2320. msgid "Conclusion"
  2321. msgstr "Conclusion"
  2322. #. type: Plain text
  2323. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1382
  2324. msgid "This tutorial was a showcase of the sophisticated package management that Guix boasts. At this point we have mostly restricted this introduction to the @code{gnu-build-system} which is a core abstraction layer on which more advanced abstractions are based."
  2325. msgstr "Ce didacticiel vous a montré la gestion des paquets sophistiquée dont Guix se targue. Maintenant, nous avons restreint cette introduction au système @code{gnu-build-system} qui est un niveau d'abstraction essentiel sur lequel des niveaux d'abstraction plus avancés se reposent."
  2326. #. type: Plain text
  2327. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1387
  2328. msgid "Where do we go from here? Next we ought to dissect the innards of the build system by removing all abstractions, using the @code{trivial-build-system}: this should give us a thorough understanding of the process before investigating some more advanced packaging techniques and edge cases."
  2329. msgstr "Comment continuer ? Nous devrions ensuite disséquer le fonctionnement interne des systèmes de construction en supprimant toutes les abstractions, avec le @code{trivial-build-system} : cela vous permettra de bien comprendre le processus avant de voir des techniques plus avancées et certains cas particuliers."
  2330. #. type: Plain text
  2331. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1390
  2332. msgid "Other features worth exploring are the interactive editing and debugging capabilities of Guix provided by the Guile REPL@."
  2333. msgstr "D'autres fonctionnalités que vous devriez explorer sont l'édition interactive et les possibilités de débogage de Guix fournies par la REPL de Guile."
  2334. #. type: Plain text
  2335. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1395
  2336. msgid "Those fancy features are completely optional and can wait; now is a good time to take a well-deserved break. With what we've introduced here you should be well armed to package lots of programs. You can get started right away and hopefully we will see your contributions soon!"
  2337. msgstr "Ces fonctionnalités avancées sont complètement facultatives et peuvent attendre ; maintenant vous devriez prendre une pause bien méritée. Avec ce dont nous venons de parler ici vous devriez être bien armé·e pour empaqueter de nombreux paquets. Vous pouvez commencer dès maintenant et on espère voir votre contribution bientôt !"
  2338. #. type: subsection
  2339. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1396 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1397
  2340. #, no-wrap
  2341. msgid "References"
  2342. msgstr "Références"
  2343. #. type: itemize
  2344. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1402
  2345. msgid "The @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Defining-Packages.html, package reference in the manual}"
  2346. msgstr "La @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/fr/html_node/reference-de-package.html, référence des paquets dans le manuel}"
  2347. #. type: itemize
  2348. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1405
  2349. msgid "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, Pjotr’s hacking guide to GNU Guix}"
  2350. msgstr "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, le guide de bidouillage de GNU Guix de Pjotr}"
  2351. #. type: itemize
  2352. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1408
  2353. msgid "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, ``GNU Guix: Package without a scheme!''}, by Andreas Enge"
  2354. msgstr "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, « GNU Guix: Package without a scheme! »}, d'Andreas Enge"
  2355. #. type: Plain text
  2356. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1417
  2357. msgid "Guix offers a flexible language for declaratively configuring your Guix System. This flexibility can at times be overwhelming. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced configuration concepts."
  2358. msgstr "Guix propose un langage flexible pour déclarer la configuration de votre système Guix. Cette flexibilité peut parfois paraître écrasante. Le but de ce chapitre est de vous montrer quelques concepts de configuration avancés."
  2359. #. type: Plain text
  2360. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1420
  2361. msgid "@pxref{System Configuration,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
  2362. msgstr "@pxref{Configuration du système,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour une référence complète."
  2363. #. type: Plain text
  2364. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1445
  2365. msgid "While the Guix manual explains auto-login one user to @emph{all} TTYs ( @pxref{auto-login to TTY,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), some might prefer a situation, in which one user is logged into one TTY with the other TTYs either configured to login different users or no one at all. Note that one can auto-login one user to any TTY, but it is usually advisable to avoid @code{tty1}, which, by default, is used to log warnings and errors."
  2366. msgstr "Tandis que le manuel de Guix explique comment connecter automatiquement un utilisateur sur @emph{tous} les TTY (@pxref{connexion automatique à un TTY,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix}), vous pourriez préférer avoir un utilisateur connecté sur un TTY et configurer les autres TTY pour connecter d'autres utilisateurs ou personne. Remarquez que vous pouvez connecter automatiquement un utilisateur sur n'importe quel TTY, mais il est recommandé d'éviter @code{tty1}, car par défaut, il est utilisé pour afficher les avertissements et les erreurs des journaux systèmes."
  2367. #. type: Plain text
  2368. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1447
  2369. msgid "Here is how one might set up auto login for one user to one tty:"
  2370. msgstr "Voici comment on peut configurer la connexion d'un utilisateur sur un tty :"
  2371. #. type: lisp
  2372. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1455
  2373. #, no-wrap
  2374. msgid ""
  2375. "(define (auto-login-to-tty config tty user)\n"
  2376. " (if (string=? tty (mingetty-configuration-tty config))\n"
  2377. " (mingetty-configuration\n"
  2378. " (inherit config)\n"
  2379. " (auto-login user))\n"
  2380. " config))\n"
  2381. "\n"
  2382. msgstr ""
  2383. "(define (auto-login-to-tty config tty user)\n"
  2384. " (if (string=? tty (mingetty-configuration-tty config))\n"
  2385. " (mingetty-configuration\n"
  2386. " (inherit config)\n"
  2387. " (auto-login user))\n"
  2388. " config))\n"
  2389. "\n"
  2390. #. type: lisp
  2391. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1462
  2392. #, no-wrap
  2393. msgid ""
  2394. "(define %my-services\n"
  2395. " (modify-services %base-services\n"
  2396. " ;; @dots{}\n"
  2397. " (mingetty-service-type config =>\n"
  2398. " (auto-login-to-tty\n"
  2399. " config \"tty3\" \"alice\"))))\n"
  2400. "\n"
  2401. msgstr ""
  2402. "(define %my-services\n"
  2403. " (modify-services %base-services\n"
  2404. " ;; @dots{}\n"
  2405. " (mingetty-service-type config =>\n"
  2406. " (auto-login-to-tty\n"
  2407. " config \"tty3\" \"alice\"))))\n"
  2408. "\n"
  2409. #. type: lisp
  2410. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1466
  2411. #, no-wrap
  2412. msgid ""
  2413. "(operating-system\n"
  2414. " ;; @dots{}\n"
  2415. " (services %my-services))\n"
  2416. msgstr ""
  2417. "(operating-system\n"
  2418. " ;; @dots{}\n"
  2419. " (services %my-services))\n"
  2420. #. type: Plain text
  2421. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1471
  2422. msgid "One could also @code{compose} (@pxref{Higher-Order Functions,,, guile, The Guile Reference Manual}) @code{auto-login-to-tty} to login multiple users to multiple ttys."
  2423. msgstr "On peut aussi utiliser @code{compose} (@pxref{Higher-Order Functions,,, guile, The Guile Reference Manual}) avec @code{auto-login-to-tty} pour connecter plusieurs utilisateurs sur différents ttys."
  2424. #. type: Plain text
  2425. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1478
  2426. msgid "Finally, here is a note of caution. Setting up auto login to a TTY, means that anyone can turn on your computer and run commands as your regular user. However, if you have an encrypted root partition, and thus already need to enter a passphrase when the system boots, auto-login might be a convenient option."
  2427. msgstr "Enfin, une mise en garde. Configurer la connexion automatique à un TTY signifie que n'importe qui peut allumer votre ordinateur et lancer des commandes avec votre utilisateur normal. Cependant, si vous avez une partition racine chiffrée, et donc qu'il faut déjà saisir une phrase de passe au démarrage du système, la connexion automatique peut être un choix pratique."
  2428. #. type: Plain text
  2429. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1490
  2430. msgid "Guix is, at its core, a source based distribution with substitutes (@pxref{Substitutes,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and as such building packages from their source code is an expected part of regular package installations and upgrades. Given this starting point, it makes sense that efforts are made to reduce the amount of time spent compiling packages, and recent changes and upgrades to the building and distribution of substitutes continues to be a topic of discussion within Guix."
  2431. msgstr "Guix est, en son cœur, une distribution source avec des substituts (@pxref{Substituts,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}), et donc construire des paquets à partir de leur code source est normal pendant les installations et les mis à jour de paquets. Malgré tout, c'est aussi normal d'essayer de réduire le temps passé à compiler des paquets, et les changements récents et futurs concernant la construction et la distribution des substituts continue d'être un sujet de discussion dans le projet Guix."
  2432. #. type: Plain text
  2433. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1496
  2434. msgid "The kernel, while not requiring an overabundance of RAM to build, does take a rather long time on an average machine. The official kernel configuration, as is the case with many GNU/Linux distributions, errs on the side of inclusiveness, and this is really what causes the build to take such a long time when the kernel is built from source."
  2435. msgstr "Le noyau, bien qu'il ne demande pas énormément de RAM pour être construit, prend assez long à construire sur une machine usuelle. La configuration du noyau officielle, comme avec la plupart des autres distributions GNU/Linux, penche du côté de l'inclusivité, et c'est vraiment ça qui rend la construction aussi longue à partir des sources."
  2436. #. type: Plain text
  2437. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1501
  2438. msgid "The Linux kernel, however, can also just be described as a regular old package, and as such can be customized just like any other package. The procedure is a little bit different, although this is primarily due to the nature of how the package definition is written."
  2439. msgstr "Le noyau Linux, cependant, peut aussi être décrit comme un simple paquet comme les autres, et peut donc être personnalisé comme n'importe quel autre paquet. La procédure est un peu différente, même si c'est surtout dû à la nature de la définition du paquet."
  2440. #. type: Plain text
  2441. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1504
  2442. msgid "The @code{linux-libre} kernel package definition is actually a procedure which creates a package."
  2443. msgstr "Le paquet du noyau @code{linux-libre} est en fait une procédure qui crée un paquet."
  2444. #. type: lisp
  2445. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1515
  2446. #, no-wrap
  2447. msgid ""
  2448. "(define* (make-linux-libre* version gnu-revision source supported-systems\n"
  2449. " #:key\n"
  2450. " (extra-version #f)\n"
  2451. " ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
  2452. " ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
  2453. " (configuration-file #f)\n"
  2454. " (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
  2455. " (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options))\n"
  2456. " ...)\n"
  2457. msgstr ""
  2458. "(define* (make-linux-libre* version gnu-revision source supported-systems\n"
  2459. " #:key\n"
  2460. " (extra-version #f)\n"
  2461. " ;; Un fonction qui prend une architecture et une variante\n"
  2462. " ;; Voir kernel-config si vous voulez un exemple.\n"
  2463. " (configuration-file #f)\n"
  2464. " (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
  2465. " (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options))\n"
  2466. " ...)\n"
  2467. #. type: Plain text
  2468. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1519
  2469. msgid "The current @code{linux-libre} package is for the 5.15.x series, and is declared like this:"
  2470. msgstr "Le paquet @code{linux-libre} actuel pour la série 5.15.x, est déclaré comme ceci :"
  2471. #. type: lisp
  2472. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1527
  2473. #, no-wrap
  2474. msgid ""
  2475. "(define-public linux-libre-5.15\n"
  2476. " (make-linux-libre* linux-libre-5.15-version\n"
  2477. " linux-libre-5.15-gnu-revision\n"
  2478. " linux-libre-5.15-source\n"
  2479. " '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\" \"riscv64-linux\")\n"
  2480. " #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
  2481. msgstr ""
  2482. "(define-public linux-libre-5.15\n"
  2483. " (make-linux-libre* linux-libre-5.15-version\n"
  2484. " linux-libre-5.15-gnu-revision\n"
  2485. " linux-libre-5.15-source\n"
  2486. " '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\" \"riscv64-linux\")\n"
  2487. " #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
  2488. #. type: Plain text
  2489. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1534
  2490. msgid "Any keys which are not assigned values inherit their default value from the @code{make-linux-libre} definition. When comparing the two snippets above, notice the code comment that refers to @code{#:configuration-file}. Because of this, it is not actually easy to include a custom kernel configuration from the definition, but don't worry, there are other ways to work with what we do have."
  2491. msgstr "Les clés qui n'ont pas de valeur associée prennent leur valeur par défaut dans la définition de @code{make-linux-libre}. Lorsque vous comparez les deux bouts de code ci-dessus, remarquez le commentaire qui correspond à @code{#:configuration-file}. À cause de cela, il n'est pas facile d'inclure une configuration personnalisée du noyau à partir de la définition, mais ne vous inquiétez pas, il y a d'autres moyens de travailler avec ce qu'on a."
  2492. #. type: Plain text
  2493. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1540
  2494. msgid "There are two ways to create a kernel with a custom kernel configuration. The first is to provide a standard @file{.config} file during the build process by including an actual @file{.config} file as a native input to our custom kernel. The following is a snippet from the custom @code{'configure} phase of the @code{make-linux-libre} package definition:"
  2495. msgstr "Il y a deux manières de créer un noyau avec une configuration personnalisée. La première consiste à fournir un fichier @file{.config} standard au processus de construction en ajoutant un fichier @file{.config} comme entrée native de notre noyau. Voici un bout de code correspondant à la phase @code{'configure} de la définition de paquet @code{make-linux-libre} :"
  2496. #. type: lisp
  2497. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1544
  2498. #, no-wrap
  2499. msgid ""
  2500. "(let ((build (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
  2501. " (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
  2502. "\n"
  2503. msgstr ""
  2504. "(let ((build (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
  2505. " (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
  2506. "\n"
  2507. #. type: lisp
  2508. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1552
  2509. #, no-wrap
  2510. msgid ""
  2511. " ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
  2512. " ;; configuration file.\n"
  2513. " (if config\n"
  2514. " (begin\n"
  2515. " (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
  2516. " (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
  2517. " (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
  2518. msgstr ""
  2519. " ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
  2520. " ;; configuration file.\n"
  2521. " (if config\n"
  2522. " (begin\n"
  2523. " (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
  2524. " (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
  2525. " (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
  2526. #. type: Plain text
  2527. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1557
  2528. msgid "Below is a sample kernel package. The @code{linux-libre} package is nothing special and can be inherited from and have its fields overridden like any other package:"
  2529. msgstr "Et voici un exemple de paquet de noyau. Le paquet @code{linux-libre} n'a rien de spécial, on peut en hériter et remplacer ses champs comme n'importe quel autre paquet :"
  2530. #. type: lisp
  2531. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1566
  2532. #, no-wrap
  2533. msgid ""
  2534. "(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
  2535. " (package\n"
  2536. " (inherit linux-libre)\n"
  2537. " (native-inputs\n"
  2538. " `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
  2539. " ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
  2540. " (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
  2541. msgstr ""
  2542. "(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
  2543. " (package\n"
  2544. " (inherit linux-libre)\n"
  2545. " (native-inputs\n"
  2546. " `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
  2547. " ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
  2548. " (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
  2549. #. type: Plain text
  2550. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1573
  2551. msgid "In the same directory as the file defining @code{linux-libre-E2140} is a file named @file{E2140.config}, which is an actual kernel configuration file. The @code{defconfig} keyword of @code{make-linux-libre} is left blank here, so the only kernel configuration in the package is the one which was included in the @code{native-inputs} field."
  2552. msgstr "Dans le même répertoire que le fichier définissant @code{linux-libre-E2140} se trouve un fichier nommé @file{E2140.config}, qui est un fichier de configuration du noyau. Le mot-clé @code{defconfig} de @code{make-linux-libre} reste vide ici, donc la configuration du noyau dans le paquet est celle qui sera incluse dans le champ @code{native-inputs}."
  2553. #. type: Plain text
  2554. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1578
  2555. msgid "The second way to create a custom kernel is to pass a new value to the @code{extra-options} keyword of the @code{make-linux-libre} procedure. The @code{extra-options} keyword works with another function defined right below it:"
  2556. msgstr "La deuxième manière de créer un noyau personnalisé est de passer une nouvelle valeur au mot-clé @code{extra-options} de la procédure @code{make-linux-libre}. Le mot-clé @code{extra-options} fonctionne avec une autre fonction définie juste en dessous :"
  2557. #. type: lisp
  2558. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1594
  2559. #, no-wrap
  2560. msgid ""
  2561. "(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
  2562. " `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
  2563. " (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
  2564. " ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
  2565. " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
  2566. " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
  2567. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
  2568. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
  2569. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
  2570. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
  2571. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
  2572. " (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
  2573. " (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
  2574. " (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
  2575. "\n"
  2576. msgstr ""
  2577. "(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
  2578. " `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
  2579. " (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
  2580. " ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
  2581. " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
  2582. " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
  2583. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
  2584. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
  2585. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
  2586. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
  2587. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
  2588. " (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
  2589. " (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
  2590. " (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
  2591. "\n"
  2592. #. type: lisp
  2593. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1605
  2594. #, no-wrap
  2595. msgid ""
  2596. "(define (config->string options)\n"
  2597. " (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
  2598. " ((option . 'm)\n"
  2599. " (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
  2600. " ((option . #true)\n"
  2601. " (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
  2602. " ((option . #false)\n"
  2603. " (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
  2604. " options)\n"
  2605. " \"\\n\"))\n"
  2606. msgstr ""
  2607. "(define (config->string options)\n"
  2608. " (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
  2609. " ((option . 'm)\n"
  2610. " (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
  2611. " ((option . #true)\n"
  2612. " (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
  2613. " ((option . #false)\n"
  2614. " (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
  2615. " options)\n"
  2616. " \"\\n\"))\n"
  2617. #. type: Plain text
  2618. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1608
  2619. msgid "And in the custom configure script from the `make-linux-libre` package:"
  2620. msgstr "Et dans le script configure personnalisé du paquet « make-linux-libre » :"
  2621. #. type: lisp
  2622. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1616
  2623. #, no-wrap
  2624. msgid ""
  2625. ";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
  2626. ";; file. The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
  2627. "(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
  2628. " (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
  2629. " (display extra-configuration port)\n"
  2630. " (close-port port))\n"
  2631. "\n"
  2632. msgstr ""
  2633. ";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
  2634. ";; file. The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
  2635. "(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
  2636. " (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
  2637. " (display extra-configuration port)\n"
  2638. " (close-port port))\n"
  2639. "\n"
  2640. #. type: lisp
  2641. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1618
  2642. #, no-wrap
  2643. msgid "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"
  2644. msgstr "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"
  2645. #. type: Plain text
  2646. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1623
  2647. msgid "So by not providing a configuration-file the @file{.config} starts blank, and then we write into it the collection of flags that we want. Here's another custom kernel:"
  2648. msgstr "Donc, en ne fournissant pas de fichier de configuration le fichier @file{.config} est au départ vide et on écrit ensuite l'ensemble des drapeaux que l'on veut. Voici un autre noyau personnalisé :"
  2649. #. type: lisp
  2650. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1631
  2651. #, no-wrap
  2652. msgid ""
  2653. "(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
  2654. " (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
  2655. " %file-systems\n"
  2656. " %efi-support\n"
  2657. " %emulation\n"
  2658. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
  2659. "\n"
  2660. msgstr ""
  2661. "(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
  2662. " (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
  2663. " %file-systems\n"
  2664. " %efi-support\n"
  2665. " %emulation\n"
  2666. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
  2667. "\n"
  2668. #. type: lisp
  2669. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1642
  2670. #, no-wrap
  2671. msgid ""
  2672. "(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
  2673. " ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre*' procedure, which is\n"
  2674. " ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
  2675. " ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre*)\n"
  2676. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-version)\n"
  2677. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-gnu-revision)\n"
  2678. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-source)\n"
  2679. " '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
  2680. " #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
  2681. " #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
  2682. msgstr ""
  2683. "(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
  2684. " ;; XXX: Accède à la procédure interne « make-linux-libre* », qui est privée\n"
  2685. " ;; et n'est pas exportée, et pourrait changer dans le futur.\n"
  2686. " ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre*)\n"
  2687. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-version)\n"
  2688. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-gnu-revision)\n"
  2689. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-source)\n"
  2690. " '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
  2691. " #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
  2692. " #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
  2693. #. type: Plain text
  2694. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1649
  2695. msgid "In the above example @code{%file-systems} is a collection of flags enabling different file system support, @code{%efi-support} enables EFI support and @code{%emulation} enables a x86_64-linux machine to act in 32-bit mode also. @code{%default-extra-linux-options} are the ones quoted above, which had to be added in since they were replaced in the @code{extra-options} keyword."
  2696. msgstr "Dans l'exemple ci-dessus @code{%fale-systems} est un ensemble de drapeaux qui activent la prise en charge de différents systèmes de fichiers, @code{%efi-support} active la prise en charge de l'EFI et @code{%emulation} permet à une machine x86_64-linux de fonctionner aussi en mode 32-bits. @code{%default-extra-linux-options} sont l'ensemble de ces options et elles devaient être ajoutées puisqu'elles ont été remplacées dans le mot-clé @code{extra-options}."
  2697. #. type: Plain text
  2698. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1658
  2699. msgid "This all sounds like it should be doable, but how does one even know which modules are required for a particular system? Two places that can be helpful in trying to answer this question is the @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, Gentoo Handbook} and the @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation from the kernel itself}. From the kernel documentation, it seems that @code{make localmodconfig} is the command we want."
  2700. msgstr "Tout ça est bien beau, mais comment savoir quels modules sont requis pour un système en particulier ? Il y a deux ressources qui peuvent être utiles pour répondre à cette question : le @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, manuel de Gentoo} et la @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation du noyau}. D'après la documentation du noyau, il semble que la commande @code{make localmodconfig} soit la bonne."
  2701. #. type: Plain text
  2702. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1661
  2703. msgid "In order to actually run @code{make localmodconfig} we first need to get and unpack the kernel source code:"
  2704. msgstr "Pour lancer @code{make localmodconfig} on doit d'abord récupérer et décompresser le code source du noyau :"
  2705. #. type: example
  2706. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1664
  2707. #, no-wrap
  2708. msgid "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
  2709. msgstr "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
  2710. #. type: Plain text
  2711. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1671
  2712. msgid "Once inside the directory containing the source code run @code{touch .config} to create an initial, empty @file{.config} to start with. @code{make localmodconfig} works by seeing what you already have in @file{.config} and letting you know what you're missing. If the file is blank then you're missing everything. The next step is to run:"
  2713. msgstr "Une fois dans le répertoire contenant le code source lancez @code{touch .config} pour créer un fichier @file{.config} initialement vide pour commencer. @code{make localmodconfig} fonctionne en remarquant que avec déjà un @file{.config} et en vous disant ce qu'il vous manque. Si le fichier est vide, il vous manquera tout ce qui est nécessaire. L'étape suivante consiste à lancer :"
  2714. #. type: example
  2715. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1674
  2716. #, no-wrap
  2717. msgid "guix shell -D linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
  2718. msgstr "guix shell -D linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
  2719. #. type: Plain text
  2720. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1679
  2721. msgid "and note the output. Do note that the @file{.config} file is still empty. The output generally contains two types of warnings. The first start with \"WARNING\" and can actually be ignored in our case. The second read:"
  2722. msgstr "et regardez la sortie. Remarquez que le fichier @file{.config} est toujours vide. La sortie contient en général deux types d'avertissements. Le premier commence par « WARNING » et peut être ignoré dans notre cas. Le deuxième dit :"
  2723. #. type: example
  2724. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1682
  2725. #, no-wrap
  2726. msgid "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
  2727. msgstr "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
  2728. #. type: Plain text
  2729. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1687
  2730. msgid "For each of these lines, copy the @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} portion into the @file{.config} in the directory, and append @code{=m}, so in the end it looks like this:"
  2731. msgstr "Pour chacune de ces lignes, copiez la partie @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} dans le @file{.config} du répertoire et ajoutez @code{=m} pour qu'à la fin il ressemble à cela :"
  2732. #. type: example
  2733. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1691
  2734. #, no-wrap
  2735. msgid ""
  2736. "CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
  2737. "CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
  2738. msgstr ""
  2739. "CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
  2740. "CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
  2741. #. type: Plain text
  2742. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1700
  2743. msgid "After copying all the configuration options, run @code{make localmodconfig} again to make sure that you don't have any output starting with ``module''. After all of these machine specific modules there are a couple more left that are also needed. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} is necessary so that you can build and load modules separately and not have everything built into the kernel. @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} is required for reading from hard drives. It is possible that there are other modules which you will need."
  2744. msgstr "Après avoir copié toutes les options de configuration, lancez @code{make localmodconfig} de nouveau pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas de sortie commençant par « module ». Après tous ces modules spécifiques à la machine, il y en a encore quelques uns que nous devons aussi définir. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} est nécessaire pour que nous puissions construire et charger les modules séparément et ne pas tout construire dans le noyau. @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} est requis pour lire les disques durs. Il est possible que vous aillez besoin de quelques autres modules."
  2745. #. type: Plain text
  2746. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1704
  2747. msgid "This post does not aim to be a guide to configuring your own kernel however, so if you do decide to build a custom kernel you'll have to seek out other guides to create a kernel which is just right for your needs."
  2748. msgstr "Cet article n'a pas pour but de vous guider dans la configuration de votre propre noyau cependant, donc si vous décidez de construire un noyau personnalisé vous devrez chercher d'autres guides pour créer un noyau qui vous convient."
  2749. #. type: Plain text
  2750. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1712
  2751. msgid "The second way to setup the kernel configuration makes more use of Guix's features and allows you to share configuration segments between different kernels. For example, all machines using EFI to boot have a number of EFI configuration flags that they need. It is likely that all the kernels will share a list of file systems to support. By using variables it is easier to see at a glance what features are enabled and to make sure you don't have features in one kernel but missing in another."
  2752. msgstr "La deuxième manière de configurer le noyau utilise un peu plus les fonctionnalités de Guix et vous permettent de partager des bouts de configuration entre différents noyaux. Par exemple, toutes les machines avec un démarrage EFI ont besoin d'un certain nombre de configurations. Tous les noyaux vont probablement partager une liste de systèmes de fichiers à prendre en charge. En utilisant des variables il est facile de voir du premier coup quelles fonctionnalités sont activées pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas des fonctionnalités dans un noyau qui manquent dans un autre."
  2753. #. type: Plain text
  2754. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1717
  2755. msgid "Left undiscussed however, is Guix's initrd and its customization. It is likely that you'll need to modify the initrd on a machine using a custom kernel, since certain modules which are expected to be built may not be available for inclusion into the initrd."
  2756. msgstr "Cependant, nous ne parlons pas de la personnalisation du disque de ram initial. Vous devrez sans doute modifier le disque de ram initial sur les machines qui utilisent un noyau personnalisé, puisque certains modules attendus peuvent ne pas être disponibles."
  2757. #. type: Plain text
  2758. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1724
  2759. msgid "Historically, Guix System is centered around an @code{operating-system} structure. This structure contains various fields ranging from the bootloader and kernel declaration to the services to install."
  2760. msgstr "Historiquement, le système Guix est centré sur une structure @code{operating-system}. Cette structure contient divers champs qui vont du chargeur d'amorçage et à la déclaration du noyau aux services à installer."
  2761. #. type: Plain text
  2762. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1730
  2763. msgid "Depending on the target machine, that can go from a standard @code{x86_64} machine to a small ARM single board computer such as the Pine64, the image constraints can vary a lot. The hardware manufacturers will impose different image formats with various partition sizes and offsets."
  2764. msgstr "En fonction de la machine cible, qui peut aller d'une machine @code{x86_64} standard à un petit ordinateur ARM sur carte unique comme le Pine64, les contraintes sur l'image varient beaucoup. Les fabricants imposent différents formats d'image avec plusieurs tailles de partitions et de positions."
  2765. #. type: Plain text
  2766. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1735
  2767. msgid "To create images suitable for all those machines, a new abstraction is necessary: that's the goal of the @code{image} record. This record contains all the required information to be transformed into a standalone image, that can be directly booted on any target machine."
  2768. msgstr "Pour créer des images convenables pour toutes ces machines, une nouvelle abstraction est nécessaire : c'est le but de l'enregistrement @code{image}. Cet enregistrement contient toutes les informations requises pour être transformé en une image complète, qui peut être directement démarrée sur une machine cible."
  2769. #. type: lisp
  2770. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1757
  2771. #, no-wrap
  2772. msgid ""
  2773. "(define-record-type* <image>\n"
  2774. " image make-image\n"
  2775. " image?\n"
  2776. " (name image-name ;symbol\n"
  2777. " (default #f))\n"
  2778. " (format image-format) ;symbol\n"
  2779. " (target image-target\n"
  2780. " (default #f))\n"
  2781. " (size image-size ;size in bytes as integer\n"
  2782. " (default 'guess))\n"
  2783. " (operating-system image-operating-system ;<operating-system>\n"
  2784. " (default #f))\n"
  2785. " (partitions image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
  2786. " (default '()))\n"
  2787. " (compression? image-compression? ;boolean\n"
  2788. " (default #t))\n"
  2789. " (volatile-root? image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
  2790. " (default #t))\n"
  2791. " (substitutable? image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
  2792. " (default #t)))\n"
  2793. msgstr ""
  2794. "(define-record-type* <image>\n"
  2795. " image make-image\n"
  2796. " image?\n"
  2797. " (name image-name ;symbol\n"
  2798. " (default #f))\n"
  2799. " (format image-format) ;symbol\n"
  2800. " (target image-target\n"
  2801. " (default #f))\n"
  2802. " (size image-size ;size in bytes as integer\n"
  2803. " (default 'guess))\n"
  2804. " (operating-system image-operating-system ;<operating-system>\n"
  2805. " (default #f))\n"
  2806. " (partitions image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
  2807. " (default '()))\n"
  2808. " (compression? image-compression? ;boolean\n"
  2809. " (default #t))\n"
  2810. " (volatile-root? image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
  2811. " (default #t))\n"
  2812. " (substitutable? image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
  2813. " (default #t)))\n"
  2814. #. type: Plain text
  2815. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1763
  2816. msgid "This record contains the operating-system to instantiate. The @code{format} field defines the image type and can be @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} or @code{iso9660} for instance. In the future, it could be extended to @code{docker} or other image types."
  2817. msgstr "Cet enregistrement contient le système d'exploitation à instancier. Le champ @code{format} défini le type d'image et peut être @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} ou @code{iso9660} par exemple. Plus tard, on prévoit de l'étendre à @code{docker} et aux autres types d'images."
  2818. #. type: Plain text
  2819. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1766
  2820. msgid "A new directory in the Guix sources is dedicated to images definition. For now there are four files:"
  2821. msgstr "Un nouveau répertoire dans les sources de Guix est dédié aux définitions des images. Pour l'instant il y a quatre fichiers :"
  2822. #. type: file{#1}
  2823. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1768
  2824. #, no-wrap
  2825. msgid "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
  2826. msgstr "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
  2827. #. type: file{#1}
  2828. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1769
  2829. #, no-wrap
  2830. msgid "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
  2831. msgstr "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
  2832. #. type: file{#1}
  2833. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1770
  2834. #, no-wrap
  2835. msgid "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
  2836. msgstr "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
  2837. #. type: file{#1}
  2838. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1771
  2839. #, no-wrap
  2840. msgid "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
  2841. msgstr "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
  2842. #. type: Plain text
  2843. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1777
  2844. msgid "Let's have a look to @file{pine64.scm}. It contains the @code{pine64-barebones-os} variable which is a minimal definition of an operating-system dedicated to the @b{Pine A64 LTS} board."
  2845. msgstr "Regardons le fichier @file{pine64.scm}. Il contient la variable @code{pine64-barebones-os} qui est une définition minimale d'un système d'exploitation dédié à la carte @b{Pine A64 LTS}."
  2846. #. type: lisp
  2847. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1801
  2848. #, no-wrap
  2849. msgid ""
  2850. "(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
  2851. " (operating-system\n"
  2852. " (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
  2853. " (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
  2854. " (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
  2855. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  2856. " (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
  2857. " (targets '(\"/dev/vda\"))))\n"
  2858. " (initrd-modules '())\n"
  2859. " (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
  2860. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  2861. " (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
  2862. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  2863. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  2864. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  2865. " (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
  2866. " (agetty-configuration\n"
  2867. " (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
  2868. " (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
  2869. " (term \"vt100\")\n"
  2870. " (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
  2871. " %base-services))))\n"
  2872. msgstr ""
  2873. "(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
  2874. " (operating-system\n"
  2875. " (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
  2876. " (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
  2877. " (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
  2878. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  2879. " (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
  2880. " (targets '(\"/dev/vda\"))))\n"
  2881. " (initrd-modules '())\n"
  2882. " (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
  2883. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  2884. " (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
  2885. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  2886. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  2887. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  2888. " (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
  2889. " (agetty-configuration\n"
  2890. " (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
  2891. " (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
  2892. " (term \"vt100\")\n"
  2893. " (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
  2894. " %base-services))))\n"
  2895. #. type: Plain text
  2896. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1805
  2897. msgid "The @code{kernel} and @code{bootloader} fields are pointing to packages dedicated to this board."
  2898. msgstr "Les champs @code{kernel} et @code{bootloader} pointent vers les paquets dédiés à cette carte."
  2899. #. type: Plain text
  2900. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1807
  2901. msgid "Right below, the @code{pine64-image-type} variable is also defined."
  2902. msgstr "Ci-dessous, la variable @code{pine64-image-type} est ainsi définie."
  2903. #. type: lisp
  2904. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1813
  2905. #, no-wrap
  2906. msgid ""
  2907. "(define pine64-image-type\n"
  2908. " (image-type\n"
  2909. " (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
  2910. " (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
  2911. msgstr ""
  2912. "(define pine64-image-type\n"
  2913. " (image-type\n"
  2914. " (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
  2915. " (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
  2916. #. type: Plain text
  2917. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1817
  2918. msgid "It's using a record we haven't talked about yet, the @code{image-type} record, defined this way:"
  2919. msgstr "Elle utilise un enregistrement dont nous n'avons pas encore parlé, l'enregistrement @code{image-type}, défini de cette façon :"
  2920. #. type: lisp
  2921. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1824
  2922. #, no-wrap
  2923. msgid ""
  2924. "(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
  2925. " image-type make-image-type\n"
  2926. " image-type?\n"
  2927. " (name image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
  2928. " (constructor image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
  2929. msgstr ""
  2930. "(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
  2931. " image-type make-image-type\n"
  2932. " image-type?\n"
  2933. " (name image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
  2934. " (constructor image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
  2935. #. type: Plain text
  2936. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1830
  2937. msgid "The main purpose of this record is to associate a name to a procedure transforming an @code{operating-system} to an image. To understand why it is necessary, let's have a look to the command producing an image from an @code{operating-system} configuration file:"
  2938. msgstr "Le but principal de cet enregistrement est d'associer un nom à une procédure transformant un @code{operating-system} en une image. Pour comprendre pourquoi c'est nécessaire, voyons la commande produisant une image à partir d'un fichier de configuration de type @code{operating-system} :"
  2939. #. type: example
  2940. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1833
  2941. #, no-wrap
  2942. msgid "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
  2943. msgstr "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
  2944. #. type: Plain text
  2945. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1839
  2946. msgid "This command expects an @code{operating-system} configuration but how should we indicate that we want an image targeting a Pine64 board? We need to provide an extra information, the @code{image-type}, by passing the @code{--image-type} or @code{-t} flag, this way:"
  2947. msgstr "Cette commande demande une configuration de type @code{operating-system} mais comment indiquer que l'on veut cibler une carte Pine64 ? Nous devons fournir l'information supplémentaire, @code{image-type}, en passant le drapeau @code{--image-type} ou @code{-t}, de cette manière :"
  2948. #. type: example
  2949. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1842
  2950. #, no-wrap
  2951. msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
  2952. msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
  2953. #. type: Plain text
  2954. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1848
  2955. msgid "This @code{image-type} parameter points to the @code{pine64-image-type} defined above. Hence, the @code{operating-system} declared in @code{my-os.scm} will be applied the @code{(cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} procedure to turn it into an image."
  2956. msgstr "Ce paramètre @code{image-type} pointe vers le @code{pine64-image-type} défini plus haut. Ainsi, la déclaration @code{operating-system} dans @code{my-os.scm} se verra appliquée la procédure @code{[cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} pour la transformer en une image."
  2957. #. type: Plain text
  2958. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1850
  2959. msgid "The resulting image looks like:"
  2960. msgstr "L'image qui en résulte ressemble à ceci :"
  2961. #. type: lisp
  2962. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1860
  2963. #, no-wrap
  2964. msgid ""
  2965. "(image\n"
  2966. " (format 'disk-image)\n"
  2967. " (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
  2968. " (operating-system my-os)\n"
  2969. " (partitions\n"
  2970. " (list (partition\n"
  2971. " (inherit root-partition)\n"
  2972. " (offset root-offset)))))\n"
  2973. msgstr ""
  2974. "(image\n"
  2975. " (format 'disk-image)\n"
  2976. " (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
  2977. " (operating-system my-os)\n"
  2978. " (partitions\n"
  2979. " (list (partition\n"
  2980. " (inherit root-partition)\n"
  2981. " (offset root-offset)))))\n"
  2982. #. type: Plain text
  2983. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1864
  2984. msgid "which is the aggregation of the @code{operating-system} defined in @code{my-os.scm} to the @code{arm64-disk-image} record."
  2985. msgstr "qui ajoute l'objet @code{operating-system} défini dans @code{my-os.scm} à l'enregistrement @code{arm64-disk-image}."
  2986. #. type: Plain text
  2987. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1866
  2988. msgid "But enough Scheme madness. What does this image API bring to the Guix user?"
  2989. msgstr "Mais assez de cette folie. Qu'est-ce que cette API pour les images apporte aux utilisateurs et utilisatrices ?"
  2990. #. type: Plain text
  2991. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1868
  2992. msgid "One can run:"
  2993. msgstr "On peut lancer :"
  2994. #. type: example
  2995. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1872
  2996. #, no-wrap
  2997. msgid ""
  2998. "mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
  2999. "The available image types are:\n"
  3000. "\n"
  3001. msgstr ""
  3002. "mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
  3003. "Les types d'image disponibles sont :\n"
  3004. "\n"
  3005. #. type: example
  3006. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1884
  3007. #, no-wrap
  3008. msgid ""
  3009. " - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
  3010. " - pine64-raw\n"
  3011. " - novena-raw\n"
  3012. " - hurd-raw\n"
  3013. " - hurd-qcow2\n"
  3014. " - qcow2\n"
  3015. " - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
  3016. " - efi-raw\n"
  3017. " - arm64-raw\n"
  3018. " - arm32-raw\n"
  3019. " - iso9660\n"
  3020. msgstr ""
  3021. " - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
  3022. " - pine64-raw\n"
  3023. " - novena-raw\n"
  3024. " - hurd-raw\n"
  3025. " - hurd-qcow2\n"
  3026. " - qcow2\n"
  3027. " - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
  3028. " - efi-raw\n"
  3029. " - arm64-raw\n"
  3030. " - arm32-raw\n"
  3031. " - iso9660\n"
  3032. #. type: Plain text
  3033. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1889
  3034. msgid "and by writing an @code{operating-system} file based on @code{pine64-barebones-os}, you can customize your image to your preferences in a file (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) like this:"
  3035. msgstr "et en écrivant un fichier de type @code{operating-system} basé sur @code{pine64-barebones-os}, vous pouvez personnaliser votre image selon vos préférences dasn un fichier (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) de cette manière :"
  3036. #. type: lisp
  3037. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1893
  3038. #, no-wrap
  3039. msgid ""
  3040. "(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
  3041. " (gnu system images pine64))\n"
  3042. "\n"
  3043. msgstr ""
  3044. "(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
  3045. " (gnu system images pine64))\n"
  3046. "\n"
  3047. #. type: lisp
  3048. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1904
  3049. #, no-wrap
  3050. msgid ""
  3051. "(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
  3052. " (operating-system\n"
  3053. " (inherit base-os)\n"
  3054. " (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
  3055. " (services\n"
  3056. " (cons\n"
  3057. " (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
  3058. " (earlyoom-configuration\n"
  3059. " (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
  3060. " (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
  3061. msgstr ""
  3062. "(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
  3063. " (operating-system\n"
  3064. " (inherit base-os)\n"
  3065. " (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
  3066. " (services\n"
  3067. " (cons\n"
  3068. " (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
  3069. " (earlyoom-configuration\n"
  3070. " (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
  3071. " (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
  3072. #. type: Plain text
  3073. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1907
  3074. msgid "run:"
  3075. msgstr "lancez :"
  3076. #. type: example
  3077. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1910
  3078. #, no-wrap
  3079. msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
  3080. msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
  3081. #. type: Plain text
  3082. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1913
  3083. msgid "or,"
  3084. msgstr "ou bien,"
  3085. #. type: example
  3086. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1916
  3087. #, no-wrap
  3088. msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
  3089. msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
  3090. #. type: Plain text
  3091. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1920
  3092. msgid "to get an image that can be written directly to a hard drive and booted from."
  3093. msgstr "pour récupérer une image que vous pouvez écrire sur un disque dur pour démarrer dessus."
  3094. #. type: Plain text
  3095. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1922
  3096. msgid "Without changing anything to @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, calling:"
  3097. msgstr "Sans rien changer à @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, en appelant :"
  3098. #. type: example
  3099. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1925
  3100. #, no-wrap
  3101. msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
  3102. msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
  3103. #. type: Plain text
  3104. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1928
  3105. msgid "will instead produce a Hurd QEMU image."
  3106. msgstr "vous aurez une image QEMU pour le Hurd à la place."
  3107. #. type: cindex
  3108. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1931
  3109. #, no-wrap
  3110. msgid "2FA, two-factor authentication"
  3111. msgstr "2FA, authentification à double facteur"
  3112. #. type: cindex
  3113. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1932
  3114. #, no-wrap
  3115. msgid "U2F, Universal 2nd Factor"
  3116. msgstr "U2F, second facteur universel"
  3117. #. type: cindex
  3118. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1933
  3119. #, no-wrap
  3120. msgid "security key, configuration"
  3121. msgstr "clé de sécurité, configuration"
  3122. #. type: Plain text
  3123. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1940
  3124. msgid "The use of security keys can improve your security by providing a second authentication source that cannot be easily stolen or copied, at least for a remote adversary (something that you have), to the main secret (a passphrase -- something that you know), reducing the risk of impersonation."
  3125. msgstr "L'utilisation de clés de sécurité peut améliorer votre sécurité en fournissant une seconde source d'authentification qui ne peut pas être facilement volée ni copiée, au moins pour les adversaires à distance (quelque chose que vous possédez) de votre secret principal (une phrase de passe — quelque chose que vous connaissez), ce qui réduit les risques de vol d'identité."
  3126. #. type: Plain text
  3127. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1945
  3128. msgid "The example configuration detailed below showcases what minimal configuration needs to be made on your Guix System to allow the use of a Yubico security key. It is hoped the configuration can be useful for other security keys as well, with minor adjustments."
  3129. msgstr "L'exemple de configuration détaillée plus bas montre la configuration minimale dont vous avez besoin sur votre système Guix pour permettre l'utilisation d'une clé de sécurité Yubico. Nous espérons que la configuration puisse être utile pour d'autres clés de sécurité aussi, avec quelques ajustements."
  3130. #. type: subsection
  3131. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1946
  3132. #, no-wrap
  3133. msgid "Configuration for use as a two-factor authenticator (2FA)"
  3134. msgstr "Configuration pour l'utiliser comme authentification à double facteur (2FA)"
  3135. #. type: Plain text
  3136. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1954
  3137. msgid "To be usable, the udev rules of the system should be extended with key-specific rules. The following shows how to extend your udev rules with the @file{lib/udev/rules.d/70-u2f.rules} udev rule file provided by the @code{libfido2} package from the @code{(gnu packages security-token)} module and add your user to the @samp{\"plugdev\"} group it uses:"
  3138. msgstr "Pour être utilisable, les règles udev du systèmes doivent être étendues avec des règles spécifiques à la clé. Ce qui suit montre comment étendre vos règles udev avec le fichier de règles @file{lib/udev/rules.d/70-u2f.rules} fournit par le paquet @code{libfido2} du module @code{(gnu packages security-token)} et ajouter votre utilisateur au groupe @samp{\"plugdev\"} qu'il utilise :"
  3139. #. type: lisp
  3140. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1973
  3141. #, no-wrap
  3142. msgid ""
  3143. "(use-package-modules ... security-token ...)\n"
  3144. "...\n"
  3145. "(operating-system\n"
  3146. " ...\n"
  3147. " (users (cons* (user-account\n"
  3148. " (name \"your-user\")\n"
  3149. " (group \"users\")\n"
  3150. " (supplementary-groups\n"
  3151. "\t\t'(\"wheel\" \"netdev\" \"audio\" \"video\"\n"
  3152. " \"plugdev\")) ;<- added system group\n"
  3153. " (home-directory \"/home/your-user\"))\n"
  3154. " %base-user-accounts))\n"
  3155. " ...\n"
  3156. " (services\n"
  3157. " (cons*\n"
  3158. " ...\n"
  3159. " (udev-rules-service 'fido2 libfido2 #:groups '(\"plugdev\")))))\n"
  3160. msgstr ""
  3161. "(use-package-modules ... security-token ...)\n"
  3162. "...\n"
  3163. "(operating-system\n"
  3164. " ...\n"
  3165. " (users (cons* (user-account\n"
  3166. " (name \"your-user\")\n"
  3167. " (group \"users\")\n"
  3168. " (supplementary-groups\n"
  3169. "\t\t'(\"wheel\" \"netdev\" \"audio\" \"video\"\n"
  3170. " \"plugdev\")) ;<- added system group\n"
  3171. " (home-directory \"/home/your-user\"))\n"
  3172. " %base-user-accounts))\n"
  3173. " ...\n"
  3174. " (services\n"
  3175. " (cons*\n"
  3176. " ...\n"
  3177. " (udev-rules-service 'fido2 libfido2 #:groups '(\"plugdev\")))))\n"
  3178. #. type: Plain text
  3179. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1978
  3180. msgid "After re-configuring your system and re-logging in your graphical session so that the new group is in effect for your user, you can verify that your key is usable by launching:"
  3181. msgstr "Après la reconfiguration de votre système et vous être authentifié dans votre session graphique pour que le nouveau groupe prenne effet pour votre utilisateur, vous pouvez vérifier que la clé est utilisable en exécutant :"
  3182. #. type: example
  3183. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1981
  3184. #, no-wrap
  3185. msgid "guix shell ungoogled-chromium -- chromium chrome://settings/securityKeys\n"
  3186. msgstr "guix shell ungoogled-chromium -- chromium chrome://settings/securityKeys\n"
  3187. #. type: Plain text
  3188. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1987
  3189. msgid "and validating that the security key can be reset via the ``Reset your security key'' menu. If it works, congratulations, your security key is ready to be used with applications supporting two-factor authentication (2FA)."
  3190. msgstr "et en validant que la clé de sécurité peut être remise à zéro via le menu « réinitialiser votre clé de sécurité ». Si cela fonctionne, bravo, votre clé de sécurité est prête à être utilisée avec les applications qui prennent en charge l'authentification à double facteur (2FA)."
  3191. #. type: Plain text
  3192. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1994
  3193. msgid "To connect to a Wireguard VPN server you need the kernel module to be loaded in memory and a package providing networking tools that support it (e.g. @code{wireguard-tools} or @code{network-manager})."
  3194. msgstr "Pour se connecter à un serveur VPN Wireguard, il faut que le module du noyau soit chargé en mémoire et qu'un paquet fournissant des outils de réseau le prenne en charge (par exemple, @code{wireguard-tools} ou @code{network-manager})."
  3195. #. type: Plain text
  3196. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1998
  3197. msgid "Here is a configuration example for Linux-Libre < 5.6, where the module is out of tree and need to be loaded manually---following revisions of the kernel have it built-in and so don't need such configuration:"
  3198. msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration pour Linux-Libre < 5.6, où le module est hors de l'arborescence des sources et doit être chargé manuellement--les révisions suivantes du noyau l'ont intégré et n'ont donc pas besoin d'une telle configuration :"
  3199. #. type: lisp
  3200. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2003
  3201. #, no-wrap
  3202. msgid ""
  3203. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3204. "(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
  3205. "(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
  3206. "\n"
  3207. msgstr ""
  3208. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3209. "(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
  3210. "(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
  3211. "\n"
  3212. #. type: lisp
  3213. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2012
  3214. #, no-wrap
  3215. msgid ""
  3216. "(operating-system\n"
  3217. " ;; …\n"
  3218. " (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
  3219. " kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
  3220. " '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
  3221. " %desktop-services))\n"
  3222. " (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
  3223. " (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"
  3224. msgstr ""
  3225. "(operating-system\n"
  3226. " ;; …\n"
  3227. " (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
  3228. " kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
  3229. " '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
  3230. " %desktop-services))\n"
  3231. " (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
  3232. " (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"
  3233. #. type: Plain text
  3234. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2016
  3235. msgid "After reconfiguring and restarting your system you can either use Wireguard tools or NetworkManager to connect to a VPN server."
  3236. msgstr "Après avoir reconfiguré et redémarré votre système, vous pouvez utiliser les outils Wireguard ou NetworkManager pour vous connecter à un serveur VPN."
  3237. #. type: subsection
  3238. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2017
  3239. #, no-wrap
  3240. msgid "Using Wireguard tools"
  3241. msgstr "Utilisation des outils Wireguard"
  3242. #. type: Plain text
  3243. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2023
  3244. msgid "To test your Wireguard setup it is convenient to use @command{wg-quick}. Just give it a configuration file @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}; or put that file in @file{/etc/wireguard} and run @command{wg-quick up wg0} instead."
  3245. msgstr "Pour tester votre configuration Wireguard, vous pouvez utiliser @command{wg-quick}. Donnez-lui simplement un fichier de configuration : @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}, ou placez ce fichier dans @file{/etc/wireguard} et lancez @command{wg-quick up wg0} à la place."
  3246. #. type: quotation
  3247. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2027
  3248. msgid "Be warned that the author described this command as a: “[…] very quick and dirty bash script […]”."
  3249. msgstr "Soyez averti que l'auteur a décrit cette commande comme un : « [...] script bash écrit à la va-vite [...] »."
  3250. #. type: subsection
  3251. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2029
  3252. #, no-wrap
  3253. msgid "Using NetworkManager"
  3254. msgstr "En utilisant NetworkManager"
  3255. #. type: Plain text
  3256. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2037
  3257. msgid "Thanks to NetworkManager support for Wireguard we can connect to our VPN using @command{nmcli} command. Up to this point this guide assumes that you're using Network Manager service provided by @code{%desktop-services}. Ortherwise you need to adjust your services list to load @code{network-manager-service-type} and reconfigure your Guix system."
  3258. msgstr "Grâce à la prise en charge de NetworkManager pour Wireguard, nous pouvons nous connecter à notre VPN en utilisant la commande @command{nmcli}. Jusqu'ici, ce guide suppose que vous utilisez le service Network Manager fourni par @code{%desktop-services}. Dans le cas contraire, vous devez ajuster votre liste de services pour charger @code{network-manager-service-type} et reconfigurer votre système Guix."
  3259. #. type: Plain text
  3260. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2039
  3261. msgid "To import your VPN configuration execute nmcli import command:"
  3262. msgstr "Pour importer votre configuration VPN, exécutez la commande d'import de nmcli :"
  3263. #. type: example
  3264. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2043
  3265. #, no-wrap
  3266. msgid ""
  3267. "# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
  3268. "Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"
  3269. msgstr ""
  3270. "# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
  3271. "Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"
  3272. #. type: Plain text
  3273. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2048
  3274. msgid "This will create a configuration file in @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}. Next connect to the Wireguard server:"
  3275. msgstr "Cela va créer un fichier de configuration dans @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}. Ensuite connectez-vous au serveur Wireguard :"
  3276. #. type: example
  3277. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2052
  3278. #, no-wrap
  3279. msgid ""
  3280. "$ nmcli connection up wg0\n"
  3281. "Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n"
  3282. msgstr ""
  3283. "$ nmcli connection up wg0\n"
  3284. "Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n"
  3285. #. type: Plain text
  3286. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2056
  3287. msgid "By default NetworkManager will connect automatically on system boot. To change that behaviour you need to edit your config:"
  3288. msgstr "Par défaut, NetworkManager se connectera automatiquement au démarrage du système. Pour changer ce comportement vous devez modifier votre configuration :"
  3289. #. type: example
  3290. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2059
  3291. #, no-wrap
  3292. msgid "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"
  3293. msgstr "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"
  3294. #. type: Plain text
  3295. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2064
  3296. msgid "For more specific information about NetworkManager and wireguard @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,see this post by thaller}."
  3297. msgstr "Pour des informations plus spécifiques sur NetworkManager et wireguard @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,voir ce billet par thaller}."
  3298. #. type: cindex
  3299. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2067
  3300. #, no-wrap
  3301. msgid "wm"
  3302. msgstr "wm"
  3303. #. type: subsection
  3304. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2069 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2070
  3305. #, no-wrap
  3306. msgid "StumpWM"
  3307. msgstr "StumpWM"
  3308. #. type: cindex
  3309. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2071
  3310. #, no-wrap
  3311. msgid "stumpwm"
  3312. msgstr "stumpwm"
  3313. #. type: Plain text
  3314. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2076
  3315. msgid "You could install StumpWM with a Guix system by adding @code{stumpwm} and optionally @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} packages to a system configuration file, e.g.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
  3316. msgstr "Vous pouvez installer StumpWM sur un système Guix en ajoutant @code{stumwm} et éventuellement @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} dans les paquets du fichier de système d'exploitation, p.@: ex.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
  3317. #. type: Plain text
  3318. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2078
  3319. msgid "An example configuration can look like this:"
  3320. msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration :"
  3321. #. type: lisp
  3322. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2082
  3323. #, no-wrap
  3324. msgid ""
  3325. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3326. "(use-package-modules wm)\n"
  3327. "\n"
  3328. msgstr ""
  3329. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3330. "(use-package-modules wm)\n"
  3331. "\n"
  3332. #. type: lisp
  3333. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2087
  3334. #, no-wrap
  3335. msgid ""
  3336. "(operating-system\n"
  3337. " ;; …\n"
  3338. " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
  3339. " %base-packages)))\n"
  3340. msgstr ""
  3341. "(operating-system\n"
  3342. " ;; …\n"
  3343. " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
  3344. " %base-packages)))\n"
  3345. #. type: cindex
  3346. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2089
  3347. #, no-wrap
  3348. msgid "stumpwm fonts"
  3349. msgstr "polices stumpwm"
  3350. #. type: Plain text
  3351. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2093
  3352. msgid "By default StumpWM uses X11 fonts, which could be small or pixelated on your system. You could fix this by installing StumpWM contrib Lisp module @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, adding it to Guix system packages:"
  3353. msgstr "Par défaut StumpWM utilise les polices X11, qui peuvent être petites ou pixelisées sur votre système. Vous pouvez corriger cela en installant le module Lisp pour StumpWM @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, en l'ajoutant aux paquets de votre système :"
  3354. #. type: lisp
  3355. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2097
  3356. #, no-wrap
  3357. msgid ""
  3358. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3359. "(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
  3360. "\n"
  3361. msgstr ""
  3362. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3363. "(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
  3364. "\n"
  3365. #. type: lisp
  3366. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2102
  3367. #, no-wrap
  3368. msgid ""
  3369. "(operating-system\n"
  3370. " ;; …\n"
  3371. " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
  3372. " sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
  3373. msgstr ""
  3374. "(operating-system\n"
  3375. " ;; …\n"
  3376. " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
  3377. " sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
  3378. #. type: Plain text
  3379. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2106
  3380. msgid "Then you need to add the following code to a StumpWM configuration file @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp}:"
  3381. msgstr "Ensuite vous devrez ajouter le code suivant à au fichier de configuration de StumpWM @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp} :"
  3382. #. type: lisp
  3383. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2113
  3384. #, no-wrap
  3385. msgid ""
  3386. "(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
  3387. "(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
  3388. "(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
  3389. "(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
  3390. "(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"
  3391. msgstr ""
  3392. "(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
  3393. "(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
  3394. "(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
  3395. "(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
  3396. "(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"
  3397. #. type: subsection
  3398. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2115 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2116
  3399. #, no-wrap
  3400. msgid "Session lock"
  3401. msgstr "Verrouillage de session"
  3402. #. type: cindex
  3403. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2117
  3404. #, no-wrap
  3405. msgid "sessionlock"
  3406. msgstr "verrouillage de session"
  3407. #. type: Plain text
  3408. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2123
  3409. msgid "Depending on your environment, locking the screen of your session might come built in or it might be something you have to set up yourself. If you use a desktop environment like GNOME or KDE, it's usually built in. If you use a plain window manager like StumpWM or EXWM, you might have to set it up yourself."
  3410. msgstr "En fonction de votre environnement, le verrouillage de l'écran peut être inclus, ou vous devrez le configurer vous-même. La fonctionnalité est souvent intégrée aux environnements de bureau comme GNOME ou KDE. Si vous utilisez un gestionnaire de fenêtre comme StumpWM ou EXWM, vous devrez sans doute le configurer vous-même."
  3411. #. type: subsubsection
  3412. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2124 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2125
  3413. #, no-wrap
  3414. msgid "Xorg"
  3415. msgstr "Xorg"
  3416. #. type: Plain text
  3417. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2131
  3418. msgid "If you use Xorg, you can use the utility @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} to lock the screen of your session. xss-lock is triggered by DPMS which since Xorg 1.8 is auto-detected and enabled if ACPI is also enabled at kernel runtime."
  3419. msgstr "Si vous utilisez Xorg, vous pouvez utiliser l'utilitaire @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} pour verrouiller votre session. xss-lock est lancé par DPMS qui est détecté et activé automatiquement par Xorg 1.8 si ACPI est aussi activé à l'exécution dans le noyau."
  3420. #. type: Plain text
  3421. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2134
  3422. msgid "To use xss-lock, you can simple execute it and put it into the background before you start your window manager from e.g. your @file{~/.xsession}:"
  3423. msgstr "Pour utiliser xss-lock, vous pouvez simplement l'exécuter et le laisser tourner en tache de fond avant de démarrer votre gestionnaire de fenêtre, par exemple dans votre @file{~/.xsession} :"
  3424. #. type: example
  3425. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2138
  3426. #, no-wrap
  3427. msgid ""
  3428. "xss-lock -- slock &\n"
  3429. "exec stumpwm\n"
  3430. msgstr ""
  3431. "xss-lock -- slock &\n"
  3432. "exec stumpwm\n"
  3433. #. type: Plain text
  3434. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2142
  3435. msgid "In this example, xss-lock uses @code{slock} to do the actual locking of the screen when it determines it's appropriate, like when you suspend your device."
  3436. msgstr "Dans cet exemple, xss-lock utilise @code{slock} pour effectivement verrouiller l'écran quand il pense que c'est nécessaire, comme lorsque vous mettez votre machine en veille."
  3437. #. type: Plain text
  3438. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2146
  3439. msgid "For slock to be allowed to be a screen locker for the graphical session, it needs to be made setuid-root so it can authenticate users, and it needs a PAM service. This can be achieved by adding the following service to your @file{config.scm}:"
  3440. msgstr "Pour que slock puisse verrouiller l'écran de la session graphique, il doit être en setuid-root pour qu'il puisse authentifier les utilisateurs, et il a besoin d'un service PAM. On peut y arriver en ajoutant le service suivant dans notre @file{config.scm} :"
  3441. #. type: lisp
  3442. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2149
  3443. #, no-wrap
  3444. msgid "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
  3445. msgstr "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
  3446. #. type: Plain text
  3447. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2155
  3448. msgid "If you manually lock your screen, e.g. by directly calling slock when you want to lock your screen but not suspend it, it's a good idea to notify xss-lock about this so no confusion occurs. This can be done by executing @code{xset s activate} immediately before you execute slock."
  3449. msgstr "Si vous verrouillez l'écran manuellement, p.@: ex.@: en appelant slock directement si vous voulez verrouiller l'écran sans mettre l'ordinateur en veille, il vaut mieux notifier xss-lock pour éviter la confusion. Vous pouvez faire cela en exécutant @code{xset s activate} juste avant d'exécuter slock."
  3450. #. type: cindex
  3451. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2158
  3452. #, no-wrap
  3453. msgid "linode, Linode"
  3454. msgstr "linode, Linode"
  3455. #. type: Plain text
  3456. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2163
  3457. msgid "To run Guix on a server hosted by @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, start with a recommended Debian server. We recommend using the default distro as a way to bootstrap Guix. Create your SSH keys."
  3458. msgstr "Pour lancer Guix sur un serveur hébergé par @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, commencez par un serveur Debian recommandé. Nous vous recommandons d'utiliser la distribution par défaut pour amorcer Guix. Créez vos clés SSH."
  3459. #. type: example
  3460. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2166
  3461. #, no-wrap
  3462. msgid "ssh-keygen\n"
  3463. msgstr "ssh-keygen\n"
  3464. #. type: Plain text
  3465. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2172
  3466. msgid "Be sure to add your SSH key for easy login to the remote server. This is trivially done via Linode's graphical interface for adding SSH keys. Go to your profile and click add SSH Key. Copy into it the output of:"
  3467. msgstr "Assurez-vous d'ajouter votre clé SSH pour vous connecter facilement sur le serveur distant. C'est facilité par l'interface graphique de Linode. Allez sur votre profil et cliquez sur le bouton pour ajouter une clé SSH. Copiez la sortie de :"
  3468. #. type: example
  3469. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2175
  3470. #, no-wrap
  3471. msgid "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
  3472. msgstr "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
  3473. #. type: Plain text
  3474. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2178
  3475. msgid "Power the Linode down."
  3476. msgstr "Éteignez votre Linode."
  3477. #. type: Plain text
  3478. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2182
  3479. msgid "In the Linode's Storage tab, resize the Debian disk to be smaller. 30 GB free space is recommended. Then click \"Add a disk\", and fill out the form with the following:"
  3480. msgstr "Dans l'onglet de stockage du Linode, modifiez la taille du disque Debian pour qu'il soit plus petit. Nous recommandons 30 Go d'espace libre. Ensuite, cliquez sur « Ajouter un disque » et remplissez le formulaire de cette manière :"
  3481. #. type: itemize
  3482. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2186
  3483. msgid "Label: \"Guix\""
  3484. msgstr "Label: \"Guix\""
  3485. #. type: itemize
  3486. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2189
  3487. msgid "Filesystem: ext4"
  3488. msgstr "Filesystem: ext4"
  3489. #. type: itemize
  3490. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2192
  3491. msgid "Set it to the remaining size"
  3492. msgstr "Donnez-lui la taille restante"
  3493. #. type: Plain text
  3494. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2197
  3495. msgid "In the Configurations tab, press \"Edit\" on the default Debian profile. Under \"Block Device Assignment\" click \"Add a Device\". It should be @file{/dev/sdc} and you can select the \"Guix\" disk. Save Changes."
  3496. msgstr "Dans l'onglet de configuration, cliquez sur « modifier » sur le profil Debian par défaut. Dans « Block Device Assignment » cliquez sur « Add a Device ». Il devrait apparaître en tant que @file{/dev/sdc} et vous pouvez sélectionner le disque « Guix ». Sauvegardez les changements."
  3497. #. type: Plain text
  3498. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2199
  3499. msgid "Now \"Add a Configuration\", with the following:"
  3500. msgstr "Maintenant « Add a Configuration », avec ce qui suit :"
  3501. #. type: itemize
  3502. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2202
  3503. msgid "Label: Guix"
  3504. msgstr "Label: Guix"
  3505. #. type: itemize
  3506. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2205
  3507. msgid "Kernel:GRUB 2 (it's at the bottom! This step is @b{IMPORTANT!})"
  3508. msgstr "Kernel: GRUB 2 (c'est à la toute fin ! Cette étape est @b{IMPORTANTE !})"
  3509. #. type: itemize
  3510. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2208
  3511. msgid "Block device assignment:"
  3512. msgstr "Périphériques blocs assignés :"
  3513. #. type: itemize
  3514. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2211
  3515. msgid "@file{/dev/sda}: Guix"
  3516. msgstr "@file{/dev/sda} : Guix"
  3517. #. type: itemize
  3518. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2214
  3519. msgid "@file{/dev/sdb}: swap"
  3520. msgstr "@file{/dev/sdb} : swap"
  3521. #. type: itemize
  3522. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2217
  3523. msgid "Root device: @file{/dev/sda}"
  3524. msgstr "Périphérique racine : @file{/dev/sda}"
  3525. #. type: itemize
  3526. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2220
  3527. msgid "Turn off all the filesystem/boot helpers"
  3528. msgstr "Désactivez tous les programmes d'aide pour les systèmes de fichiers et le démarrage"
  3529. #. type: Plain text
  3530. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2227
  3531. msgid "Now power it back up, booting with the Debian configuration. Once it's running, ssh to your server via @code{ssh root@@@var{<your-server-IP-here>}}. (You can find your server IP address in your Linode Summary section.) Now you can run the \"install guix from @pxref{Binary Installation,,, guix, GNU Guix}\" steps:"
  3532. msgstr "Maintenant démarrez le serveur avec la configuration Debian. Une fois lancé, connectez vous en ssh au serveur avec @code{ssh root@@@var{<IP-de-votre-serveur-ici>}}. (Vous pouvez trouver l'adresse IP de votre serveur dans la section résumé de Linode). Maintenant vous pouvez lancer les étapes d'installation de @pxref{Installation binaire,,, guix.fr, GNU Guix} :"
  3533. #. type: example
  3534. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2235
  3535. #, no-wrap
  3536. msgid ""
  3537. "sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
  3538. "wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import -\n"
  3539. "wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
  3540. "chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
  3541. "./guix-install.sh\n"
  3542. "guix pull\n"
  3543. msgstr ""
  3544. "sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
  3545. "wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import -\n"
  3546. "wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
  3547. "chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
  3548. "./guix-install.sh\n"
  3549. "guix pull\n"
  3550. #. type: Plain text
  3551. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2239
  3552. msgid "Now it's time to write out a config for the server. The key information is below. Save the resulting file as @file{guix-config.scm}."
  3553. msgstr "Maintenant il est temps d'écrire une configuration pour le serveur. Voici ce que vous devrez obligatoirement écrire, en plus de vos propres configurations. Enregistrez le fichier avec le nom @file{guix-config.scm}."
  3554. #. type: lisp
  3555. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2250
  3556. #, no-wrap
  3557. msgid ""
  3558. "(use-modules (gnu)\n"
  3559. " (guix modules))\n"
  3560. "(use-service-modules networking\n"
  3561. " ssh)\n"
  3562. "(use-package-modules admin\n"
  3563. " certs\n"
  3564. " package-management\n"
  3565. " ssh\n"
  3566. " tls)\n"
  3567. "\n"
  3568. msgstr ""
  3569. "(use-modules (gnu)\n"
  3570. " (guix modules))\n"
  3571. "(use-service-modules networking\n"
  3572. " ssh)\n"
  3573. "(use-package-modules admin\n"
  3574. " certs\n"
  3575. " package-management\n"
  3576. " ssh\n"
  3577. " tls)\n"
  3578. "\n"
  3579. #. type: lisp
  3580. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2267
  3581. #, no-wrap
  3582. msgid ""
  3583. "(operating-system\n"
  3584. " (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
  3585. " (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
  3586. " (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
  3587. " ;; This goofy code will generate the grub.cfg\n"
  3588. " ;; without installing the grub bootloader on disk.\n"
  3589. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  3590. " (bootloader\n"
  3591. " (bootloader\n"
  3592. " (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
  3593. " (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
  3594. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  3595. " (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
  3596. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  3597. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  3598. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  3599. "\n"
  3600. msgstr ""
  3601. "(operating-system\n"
  3602. " (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
  3603. " (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
  3604. " (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
  3605. " ;; Ce code va générer un grub.cfg\n"
  3606. " ;; sans installer le chargeur d'amorçage grub sur le disque.\n"
  3607. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  3608. " (bootloader\n"
  3609. " (bootloader\n"
  3610. " (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
  3611. " (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
  3612. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  3613. " (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
  3614. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  3615. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  3616. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  3617. "\n"
  3618. #. type: lisp
  3619. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2270
  3620. #, no-wrap
  3621. msgid ""
  3622. " (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
  3623. "\n"
  3624. msgstr ""
  3625. " (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
  3626. "\n"
  3627. #. type: lisp
  3628. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2274
  3629. #, no-wrap
  3630. msgid ""
  3631. " (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\" ; Needed to find the disk\n"
  3632. " %base-initrd-modules))\n"
  3633. "\n"
  3634. msgstr ""
  3635. " (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\" ; Requis pour trouver le disque\n"
  3636. " %base-initrd-modules))\n"
  3637. "\n"
  3638. #. type: lisp
  3639. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2283
  3640. #, no-wrap
  3641. msgid ""
  3642. " (users (cons (user-account\n"
  3643. " (name \"janedoe\")\n"
  3644. " (group \"users\")\n"
  3645. " ;; Adding the account to the \"wheel\" group\n"
  3646. " ;; makes it a sudoer.\n"
  3647. " (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
  3648. " (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
  3649. " %base-user-accounts))\n"
  3650. "\n"
  3651. msgstr ""
  3652. " (users (cons (user-account\n"
  3653. " (name \"janedoe\")\n"
  3654. " (group \"users\")\n"
  3655. " ;; Ajoute le compte au groupe « wheel »\n"
  3656. " ;; pour en faire un sudoer.\n"
  3657. " (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
  3658. " (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
  3659. " %base-user-accounts))\n"
  3660. "\n"
  3661. #. type: lisp
  3662. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2287
  3663. #, no-wrap
  3664. msgid ""
  3665. " (packages (cons* nss-certs ;for HTTPS access\n"
  3666. " openssh-sans-x\n"
  3667. " %base-packages))\n"
  3668. "\n"
  3669. msgstr ""
  3670. " (packages (cons* nss-certs ; pour l'accès HTTPS\n"
  3671. " openssh-sans-x\n"
  3672. " %base-packages))\n"
  3673. "\n"
  3674. #. type: lisp
  3675. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2298
  3676. #, no-wrap
  3677. msgid ""
  3678. " (services (cons*\n"
  3679. " (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
  3680. " (service openssh-service-type\n"
  3681. " (openssh-configuration\n"
  3682. " (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
  3683. " (password-authentication? #false)\n"
  3684. " (authorized-keys\n"
  3685. " `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
  3686. " (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
  3687. " %base-services)))\n"
  3688. msgstr ""
  3689. " (services (cons*\n"
  3690. " (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
  3691. " (service openssh-service-type\n"
  3692. " (openssh-configuration\n"
  3693. " (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
  3694. " (password-authentication? #false)\n"
  3695. " (authorized-keys\n"
  3696. " `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
  3697. " (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
  3698. " %base-services)))\n"
  3699. #. type: Plain text
  3700. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2301
  3701. msgid "Replace the following fields in the above configuration:"
  3702. msgstr "Remplacez les champs suivants dans la configuration ci-dessus :"
  3703. #. type: lisp
  3704. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2309
  3705. #, no-wrap
  3706. msgid ""
  3707. "(host-name \"my-server\") ; replace with your server name\n"
  3708. "; if you chose a linode server outside the U.S., then\n"
  3709. "; use tzselect to find a correct timezone string\n"
  3710. "(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; if needed replace timezone\n"
  3711. "(name \"janedoe\") ; replace with your username\n"
  3712. "(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
  3713. "(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
  3714. msgstr ""
  3715. "(host-name \"my-server\") ; remplacez avec le nom de votre serveur\n"
  3716. "; si vous avez choisi un serveur Linode en dehors des U.S.,\n"
  3717. "; utilisez tzselect pour trouver le bon fuseau horaire\n"
  3718. "(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; remplacez le fuseau horaire si besoin\n"
  3719. "(name \"janedoe\") ; remplacez avec votre nom d'utilisateur\n"
  3720. "(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; remplacez par votre clé ssh\n"
  3721. "(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; remplacez par votre clé ssh\n"
  3722. #. type: Plain text
  3723. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2316
  3724. msgid "The last line in the above example lets you log into the server as root and set the initial root password (see the note at the end of this recipe about root login). After you have done this, you may delete that line from your configuration and reconfigure to prevent root login."
  3725. msgstr "Cette dernière ligne vous permet de vous connecter au serveur en root et de créer le mot de passe initial de root (voir la note à la fin de cette recette sur la connexion en root). Après avoir fait cela, vous pouvez supprimer cette ligne de votre configuration et reconfigurer pour empêcher la connexion directe en root."
  3726. #. type: Plain text
  3727. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2321
  3728. msgid "Copy your ssh public key (eg: @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) as @file{@var{<your-username-here>}_rsa.pub} and put @file{guix-config.scm} in the same directory. In a new terminal run these commands."
  3729. msgstr "Copiez votre clé ssh publique (ex : @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) dans @file{@var{<votre-nom-d'utilisateur>}_rsa.pub} et ajoutez votre @file{guix-config.scm} au même répertoire. Dans un nouveau terminal lancez ces commandes."
  3730. #. type: example
  3731. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2326
  3732. #, no-wrap
  3733. msgid ""
  3734. "sftp root@@<remote server ip address>\n"
  3735. "put /path/to/files/<username>_rsa.pub .\n"
  3736. "put /path/to/files/guix-config.scm .\n"
  3737. msgstr ""
  3738. "sftp root@@<adresse IP du serveur distant>\n"
  3739. "put /path/to/files/<username>_rsa.pub .\n"
  3740. "put /path/to/files/guix-config.scm .\n"
  3741. #. type: Plain text
  3742. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2329
  3743. msgid "In your first terminal, mount the guix drive:"
  3744. msgstr "Dans votre premier terminal, montez le disque guix :"
  3745. #. type: example
  3746. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2333
  3747. #, no-wrap
  3748. msgid ""
  3749. "mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
  3750. "mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"
  3751. msgstr ""
  3752. "mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
  3753. "mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"
  3754. #. type: Plain text
  3755. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2338
  3756. msgid "Due to the way we set up the bootloader section of the guix-config.scm, only the grub configuration file will be installed. So, we need to copy over some of the other GRUB stuff already installed on the Debian system:"
  3757. msgstr "À cause de la manière dont nous avons paramétré la section du chargeur d'amorçage dans le fichier guix-config.scm, nous installons seulement notre fichier de configuration grub. Donc on doit copier certains fichiers GRUB déjà installés sur le système Debian :"
  3758. #. type: example
  3759. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2342
  3760. #, no-wrap
  3761. msgid ""
  3762. "mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
  3763. "cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"
  3764. msgstr ""
  3765. "mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
  3766. "cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"
  3767. #. type: Plain text
  3768. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2345
  3769. msgid "Now initialize the Guix installation:"
  3770. msgstr "Maintenant initialisez l'installation de Guix :"
  3771. #. type: example
  3772. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2348
  3773. #, no-wrap
  3774. msgid "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"
  3775. msgstr "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"
  3776. #. type: Plain text
  3777. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2352
  3778. msgid "Ok, power it down! Now from the Linode console, select boot and select \"Guix\"."
  3779. msgstr "Ok, éteignez maintenant le serveur ! Depuis la console Linode, démarrez et choisissez « Guix »."
  3780. #. type: Plain text
  3781. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2355
  3782. msgid "Once it boots, you should be able to log in via SSH! (The server config will have changed though.) You may encounter an error like:"
  3783. msgstr "Une fois démarré, vous devriez pouvoir vous connecter en SSH ! (La configuration du serveur aura cependant changé). Vous pouvez rencontrer une erreur de ce type :"
  3784. #. type: example
  3785. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2371
  3786. #, no-wrap
  3787. msgid ""
  3788. "$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
  3789. "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
  3790. "@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @\n"
  3791. "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
  3792. "IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
  3793. "Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
  3794. "It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
  3795. "The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
  3796. "SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
  3797. "Please contact your system administrator.\n"
  3798. "Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.\n"
  3799. "Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
  3800. "ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking.\n"
  3801. "Host key verification failed.\n"
  3802. msgstr ""
  3803. "$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
  3804. "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
  3805. "@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @\n"
  3806. "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
  3807. "IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
  3808. "Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
  3809. "It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
  3810. "The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
  3811. "SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
  3812. "Please contact your system administrator.\n"
  3813. "Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.\n"
  3814. "Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
  3815. "ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking.\n"
  3816. "Host key verification failed.\n"
  3817. #. type: Plain text
  3818. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2375
  3819. msgid "Either delete @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts} file, or delete the offending line starting with your server IP address."
  3820. msgstr "Vous pouvez soit supprimer @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts}, soit supprimer la ligne qui pose problème, qui commence par l'adresse IP de votre serveur."
  3821. #. type: Plain text
  3822. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2377
  3823. msgid "Be sure to set your password and root's password."
  3824. msgstr "Assurez-vous de configurer votre mot de passe et celui de root."
  3825. #. type: example
  3826. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2382
  3827. #, no-wrap
  3828. msgid ""
  3829. "ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
  3830. "passwd ; for the root password\n"
  3831. "passwd <username> ; for the user password\n"
  3832. msgstr ""
  3833. "ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
  3834. "passwd ; pour le mot de passe root\n"
  3835. "passwd <username> ; pour le mot de passe utilisateur\n"
  3836. #. type: Plain text
  3837. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2389
  3838. msgid "You may not be able to run the above commands at this point. If you have issues remotely logging into your linode box via SSH, then you may still need to set your root and user password initially by clicking on the ``Launch Console'' option in your linode. Choose the ``Glish'' instead of ``Weblish''. Now you should be able to ssh into the machine."
  3839. msgstr "Il se peut que vous ne puissiez pas lancer les commandes précédentes si vous n'arrivez pas à vous connecter à distance via SSH, auquel cas vous devrez peut-être configurer vos mot de passes utilisateurs et root en cliquant sur « Launch Console » dans votre espace Linode. Choisissez « Glish » au lieu de « Weblish ». Maintenant vous devriez pouvoir vous connecter en ssh à la machine."
  3840. #. type: Plain text
  3841. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2393
  3842. msgid "Hooray! At this point you can shut down the server, delete the Debian disk, and resize the Guix to the rest of the size. Congratulations!"
  3843. msgstr "Hourra ! Maintenant vous pouvez étendre le serveur, supprimer le disque Debian et redimensionner celui de Guix. Bravo !"
  3844. #. type: Plain text
  3845. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2398
  3846. msgid "By the way, if you save it as a disk image right at this point, you'll have an easy time spinning up new Guix images! You may need to down-size the Guix image to 6144MB, to save it as an image. Then you can resize it again to the max size."
  3847. msgstr "Au fait, si vous sauvegardez le résultat dans une image disque maintenant, vous pourrez plus facilement démarrer de nouvelles images de guix ! Vous devrez peut-être réduire la taille de l'image Guix à 6144 Mo, pour la sauvegarder en tant qu'image. Ensuite vous pouvez redimensionner la partition à la taille maximum."
  3848. #. type: Plain text
  3849. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2407
  3850. msgid "To bind mount a file system, one must first set up some definitions before the @code{operating-system} section of the system definition. In this example we will bind mount a folder from a spinning disk drive to @file{/tmp}, to save wear and tear on the primary SSD, without dedicating an entire partition to be mounted as @file{/tmp}."
  3851. msgstr "Pour dupliquer le montage d'un système de fichier (@i{bind mount}), on doit d'abord ajouter quelques définitions avant la section @code{operating-system} de la définition de système d'exploitation. Dans cet exemple nous allons dupliquer le montage d'un dossier d'un disque dur vers @file{/tmp}, pour éviter d'épuiser le SSD principal, sans dédier une partition entière à @file{/tmp}."
  3852. #. type: Plain text
  3853. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2410
  3854. msgid "First, the source drive that hosts the folder we wish to bind mount should be defined, so that the bind mount can depend on it."
  3855. msgstr "Déjà, le disque source qui héberge de dossier dont nous voulons dupliquer le montage doit être défini, pour que le montage dupliqué puisse en dépendre."
  3856. #. type: lisp
  3857. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2417
  3858. #, no-wrap
  3859. msgid ""
  3860. "(define source-drive ;; \"source-drive\" can be named anything you want.\n"
  3861. " (file-system\n"
  3862. " (device (uuid \"UUID goes here\"))\n"
  3863. " (mount-point \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here\")\n"
  3864. " (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Make sure to set this to the appropriate type for your drive.\n"
  3865. msgstr ""
  3866. "(define source-drive ;; vous pouvez nommer « source-drive » comme vous le souhaitez.\n"
  3867. " (file-system\n"
  3868. " (device (uuid \"indiquez l'UUID ici\"))\n"
  3869. " (mount-point \"/chemin-vers-le-disque-dur\")\n"
  3870. " (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Assurez-vous d'indiquer le bon type pour la partition\n"
  3871. #. type: Plain text
  3872. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2421
  3873. msgid "The source folder must also be defined, so that guix will know it's not a regular block device, but a folder."
  3874. msgstr "Le dossier source doit aussi être défini, pour que guix sache qu'il ne s'agit pas d'un périphérique bloc, mais d'un dossier."
  3875. #. type: lisp
  3876. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2423
  3877. #, no-wrap
  3878. msgid "(define (%source-directory) \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here/tmp\") ;; \"source-directory\" can be named any valid variable name.\n"
  3879. msgstr "(define (%source-directory) \"/chemin-vers-le-disque-dur/tmp\") ;; vous pouvez nommer « source-directory » comme vous le souhaitez.\n"
  3880. #. type: Plain text
  3881. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2427
  3882. msgid "Finally, inside the @code{file-systems} definition, we must add the mount itself."
  3883. msgstr "Enfin, dans la définition @code{file-systems}, on doit ajouter le montage lui-même."
  3884. #. type: lisp
  3885. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2430
  3886. #, no-wrap
  3887. msgid ""
  3888. "(file-systems (cons*\n"
  3889. "\n"
  3890. msgstr ""
  3891. "(file-systems (cons*\n"
  3892. "\n"
  3893. #. type: lisp
  3894. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2432
  3895. #, no-wrap
  3896. msgid ""
  3897. " ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
  3898. "\n"
  3899. msgstr ""
  3900. " ...<d'autres montages omis pour rester concis>...\n"
  3901. "\n"
  3902. #. type: lisp
  3903. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2434
  3904. #, no-wrap
  3905. msgid ""
  3906. " source-drive ;; Must match the name you gave the source drive in the earlier definition.\n"
  3907. "\n"
  3908. msgstr ""
  3909. " source-drive ;; Doit correspondre au nom que vous avez donné au disque source dans la définition précédente.\n"
  3910. "\n"
  3911. #. type: lisp
  3912. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2442
  3913. #, no-wrap
  3914. msgid ""
  3915. " (file-system\n"
  3916. " (device (%source-directory)) ;; Make sure \"source-directory\" matches your earlier definition.\n"
  3917. " (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
  3918. " (type \"none\") ;; We are mounting a folder, not a partition, so this type needs to be \"none\"\n"
  3919. " (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
  3920. " (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Ensure \"source-drive\" matches what you've named the variable for the drive.\n"
  3921. " )\n"
  3922. "\n"
  3923. msgstr ""
  3924. " (file-system\n"
  3925. " (device (%source-directory)) ;; Assurez-vous que « source-directory » corresponde à la définition précédente.\n"
  3926. " (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
  3927. " (type \"none\") ;; On monte un dossier, pas une partition, donc le montage est de type « none »\n"
  3928. " (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
  3929. " (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Assurez-vous que « source-drive » corresponde au nom de la variable pour le disque.\n"
  3930. " )\n"
  3931. "\n"
  3932. #. type: lisp
  3933. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2444
  3934. #, no-wrap
  3935. msgid ""
  3936. " ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
  3937. "\n"
  3938. msgstr ""
  3939. " ...<d'autres montages omis pour rester concis>...\n"
  3940. "\n"
  3941. #. type: lisp
  3942. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2446
  3943. #, no-wrap
  3944. msgid " ))\n"
  3945. msgstr " ))\n"
  3946. #. type: Plain text
  3947. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2453
  3948. msgid "Guix daemon can use a HTTP proxy to get substitutes, here we are configuring it to get them via Tor."
  3949. msgstr "Le démon Guix peut utiliser un mandataire HTTP pour récupérer des substituts. Nous le configurons ici pour les récupérer par Tor."
  3950. #. type: quotation
  3951. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2454
  3952. #, no-wrap
  3953. msgid "Warning"
  3954. msgstr "Attention"
  3955. #. type: quotation
  3956. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2460
  3957. msgid "@emph{Not all} Guix daemon's traffic will go through Tor! Only HTTP/HTTPS will get proxied; FTP, Git protocol, SSH, etc connections will still go through the clearnet. Again, this configuration isn't foolproof some of your traffic won't get routed by Tor at all. Use it at your own risk."
  3958. msgstr "@emph{Tout} le trafic du démon de passera @emph{pas} par Tor ! Seuls HTTP/HTTPS passer par le mandataire ; les connexions FTP, avec le protocol Git, SSH, etc, passeront toujours par le réseau en clair. De nouveau, cette configuration n'est pas parfaite et une partie de votre trafic ne sera pas routé par Tor du tout. Utilisez-la à vos risques et périls."
  3959. #. type: quotation
  3960. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2466
  3961. msgid "Also note that the procedure described here applies only to package substitution. When you update your guix distribution with @command{guix pull}, you still need to use @command{torsocks} if you want to route the connection to guix's git repository servers through Tor."
  3962. msgstr "Remarquez aussi que la procédure décrite ici ne s'applique qu'à la substitution de paquets. Lorsque vous mettez à jour la distribution avec @command{guix pull}, vous aurez encore besoin de @command{torsocks} si vous voulez router la connexion vers les serveurs de dépôts git à travers Tor."
  3963. #. type: Plain text
  3964. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2471
  3965. msgid "Guix's substitute server is available as a Onion service, if you want to use it to get your substitutes through Tor configure your system as follow:"
  3966. msgstr "Le serveur de substitut de Guix est disponible sur un service Onion. Si vous voulez l'utiliser pour récupérer des substituts par Tor, configurez votre système de cette manière :"
  3967. #. type: lisp
  3968. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2475
  3969. #, no-wrap
  3970. msgid ""
  3971. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3972. "(use-service-module base networking)\n"
  3973. "\n"
  3974. msgstr ""
  3975. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3976. "(use-service-module base networking)\n"
  3977. "\n"
  3978. #. type: lisp
  3979. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2492
  3980. #, no-wrap
  3981. msgid ""
  3982. "(operating-system\n"
  3983. " …\n"
  3984. " (services\n"
  3985. " (cons\n"
  3986. " (service tor-service-type\n"
  3987. " (tor-configuration\n"
  3988. " (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
  3989. " \"HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
  3990. " (modify-services %base-services\n"
  3991. " (guix-service-type\n"
  3992. " config => (guix-configuration\n"
  3993. " (inherit config)\n"
  3994. " ;; ci.guix.gnu.org's Onion service\n"
  3995. " (substitute-urls\n"
  3996. " \"@value{SUBSTITUTE-TOR-URL}\")\n"
  3997. " (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"
  3998. msgstr ""
  3999. "(operating-system\n"
  4000. " …\n"
  4001. " (services\n"
  4002. " (cons\n"
  4003. " (service tor-service-type\n"
  4004. " (tor-configuration\n"
  4005. " (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
  4006. " \"HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
  4007. " (modify-services %base-services\n"
  4008. " (guix-service-type\n"
  4009. " config => (guix-configuration\n"
  4010. " (inherit config)\n"
  4011. " ;; service Onion de ci.guix.gnu.org\n"
  4012. " (substitute-urls\n"
  4013. " \"@value{SUBSTITUTE-TOR-URL}\")\n"
  4014. " (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"
  4015. #. type: Plain text
  4016. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2501
  4017. msgid "This will keep a tor process running that provides a HTTP CONNECT tunnel which will be used by @command{guix-daemon}. The daemon can use other protocols than HTTP(S) to get remote resources, request using those protocols won't go through Tor since we are only setting a HTTP tunnel here. Note that @code{substitutes-urls} is using HTTPS and not HTTP or it won't work, that's a limitation of Tor's tunnel; you may want to use @command{privoxy} instead to avoid such limitations."
  4018. msgstr "Cela fera tourner le processus tor et fournira un tunnel HTTP CONNECT qui sera utilisé par @command{guix-daemon}. Le démon peut utiliser d'autres protocoles que HTTP(S) pour récupérer des ressources distantes. Les requêtes utilisant ces protocoles ne passeront pas par Tor puisqu'il s'agit d'un tunnel HTTP uniquement. Remarquez que @code{substitutes-urls} doit utiliser HTTPS et non HTTP, sinon ça ne fonctionne pas. C'est une limite du tunnel de Tor ; vous voudrez peut-être utiliser @command{privoxy} à la place pour éviter ces limites."
  4019. #. type: Plain text
  4020. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2505
  4021. msgid "If you don't want to always get substitutes through Tor but using it just some of the times, then skip the @code{guix-configuration}. When you want to get a substitute from the Tor tunnel run:"
  4022. msgstr "Si vous ne voulez pas toute le temps récupérer des substituts à travers Tor mais l'utiliser seulement de temps en temps, alors ne modifiez pas l'objet @code{guix-configuration}. Lorsque vous voulez récupérer un substitut par le tunnel Tor, lancez :"
  4023. #. type: example
  4024. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2510
  4025. #, no-wrap
  4026. msgid ""
  4027. "sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
  4028. "guix build \\\n"
  4029. " --substitute-urls=@value{SUBSTITUTE-TOR-URL} @dots{}\n"
  4030. msgstr ""
  4031. "sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
  4032. "guix build \\\n"
  4033. " --substitute-urls=@value{SUBSTITUTE-TOR-URL} @dots{}\n"
  4034. #. type: cindex
  4035. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2514
  4036. #, no-wrap
  4037. msgid "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"
  4038. msgstr "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"
  4039. #. type: Plain text
  4040. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2517
  4041. msgid "NGINX could be extended with Lua scripts."
  4042. msgstr "Les fonctionnalités de NGINX peuvent être étendues avec des scripts Lua."
  4043. #. type: Plain text
  4044. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2520
  4045. msgid "Guix provides NGINX service with ability to load Lua module and specific Lua packages, and reply to requests by evaluating Lua scripts."
  4046. msgstr "Guix fournit un service NGINX qui est capable de charger des modules et des paquets Lua spécifiques, et de répondre aux requêtes en évaluant des scripts Lua."
  4047. #. type: Plain text
  4048. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2524
  4049. msgid "The following example demonstrates system definition with configuration to evaluate @file{index.lua} Lua script on HTTP request to @uref{http://localhost/hello} endpoint:"
  4050. msgstr "L'exemple suivant montre une définition de système avec une configuration qui évalue le script Lua @file{index.lua} lors d'une requête HTTP à @uref{http://localhost/hello} :"
  4051. #. type: example
  4052. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2527
  4053. #, no-wrap
  4054. msgid ""
  4055. "local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
  4056. "\n"
  4057. msgstr ""
  4058. "local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
  4059. "\n"
  4060. #. type: example
  4061. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2531
  4062. #, no-wrap
  4063. msgid ""
  4064. "local stdin = \"\"\n"
  4065. "local timeout = 1000 -- ms\n"
  4066. "local max_size = 4096 -- byte\n"
  4067. "\n"
  4068. msgstr ""
  4069. "local stdin = \"\"\n"
  4070. "local timeout = 1000 -- ms\n"
  4071. "local max_size = 4096 -- byte\n"
  4072. "\n"
  4073. #. type: example
  4074. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2534
  4075. #, no-wrap
  4076. msgid ""
  4077. "local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
  4078. " shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size)\n"
  4079. "\n"
  4080. msgstr ""
  4081. "local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
  4082. " shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size)\n"
  4083. "\n"
  4084. #. type: example
  4085. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2536
  4086. #, no-wrap
  4087. msgid "ngx.say(stdout)\n"
  4088. msgstr "ngx.say(stdout)\n"
  4089. #. type: lisp
  4090. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2567
  4091. #, no-wrap
  4092. msgid ""
  4093. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  4094. "(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
  4095. "(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
  4096. "(operating-system\n"
  4097. " ;; …\n"
  4098. " (services\n"
  4099. " ;; …\n"
  4100. " (service nginx-service-type\n"
  4101. " (nginx-configuration\n"
  4102. " (modules\n"
  4103. " (list\n"
  4104. " (file-append nginx-lua-module \"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
  4105. " (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
  4106. " lua-resty-lrucache\n"
  4107. " lua-resty-signal\n"
  4108. " lua-tablepool\n"
  4109. " lua-resty-shell))\n"
  4110. " (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
  4111. " (server-blocks\n"
  4112. " (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
  4113. " (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
  4114. " (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
  4115. " (root \"/etc\")\n"
  4116. " (locations (list\n"
  4117. " (nginx-location-configuration\n"
  4118. " (uri \"/hello\")\n"
  4119. " (body (list #~(format #f \"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
  4120. " #$(local-file \"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"
  4121. msgstr ""
  4122. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  4123. "(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
  4124. "(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
  4125. "(operating-system\n"
  4126. " ;; …\n"
  4127. " (services\n"
  4128. " ;; …\n"
  4129. " (service nginx-service-type\n"
  4130. " (nginx-configuration\n"
  4131. " (modules\n"
  4132. " (list\n"
  4133. " (file-append nginx-lua-module \"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
  4134. " (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
  4135. " lua-resty-lrucache\n"
  4136. " lua-resty-signal\n"
  4137. " lua-tablepool\n"
  4138. " lua-resty-shell))\n"
  4139. " (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
  4140. " (server-blocks\n"
  4141. " (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
  4142. " (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
  4143. " (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
  4144. " (root \"/etc\")\n"
  4145. " (locations (list\n"
  4146. " (nginx-location-configuration\n"
  4147. " (uri \"/hello\")\n"
  4148. " (body (list #~(format #f \"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
  4149. " #$(local-file \"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"
  4150. #. type: cindex
  4151. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2571
  4152. #, no-wrap
  4153. msgid "mpd"
  4154. msgstr "mpd"
  4155. #. type: cindex
  4156. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2572
  4157. #, no-wrap
  4158. msgid "music server, headless"
  4159. msgstr "serveur de musique, sans affichage"
  4160. #. type: cindex
  4161. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2573
  4162. #, no-wrap
  4163. msgid "bluetooth, ALSA configuration"
  4164. msgstr "bluetooth, configuration ALSA"
  4165. #. type: Plain text
  4166. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2580
  4167. msgid "MPD, the Music Player Daemon, is a flexible server-side application for playing music. Client programs on different machines on the network --- a mobile phone, a laptop, a desktop workstation --- can connect to it to control the playback of audio files from your local music collection. MPD decodes the audio files and plays them back on one or many outputs."
  4168. msgstr "MPD, le démon lecteur de musique, est une application serveur flexible pour jouer de la musique. Les programmes clients sur différentes machines du réseau — un téléphone portable, un ordinateur portable, un ordinateur de bureau — peuvent s'y connecter pour contrôler la lecture de fichiers audio de votre collection musicale locale. MPD décode les fichiers audio et les joue sur une ou plusieurs sorties."
  4169. #. type: Plain text
  4170. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2587
  4171. msgid "By default MPD will play to the default audio device. In the example below we make things a little more interesting by setting up a headless music server. There will be no graphical user interface, no Pulseaudio daemon, and no local audio output. Instead we will configure MPD with two outputs: a bluetooth speaker and a web server to serve audio streams to any streaming media player."
  4172. msgstr "Par défaut MPD jouera sur le périphérique audio par défaut. Dans l'exemple ci-dessous nous rendons les choses un peu plus intéressantes en configurant un serveur de musique sans affichage. Il n'y aura pas d'interface graphique, pas de démon Pulseaudio, ni de sortie audio locale. Au lieu de cela, nous configurons MPD avec deux sorties : un haut-parleur bluetooth et un serveur web pour servir des flux audio à n'importe quel lecture de musique."
  4173. #. type: Plain text
  4174. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2593
  4175. msgid "Bluetooth is often rather frustrating to set up. You will have to pair your Bluetooth device and make sure that the device is automatically connected as soon as it powers on. The Bluetooth system service returned by the @code{bluetooth-service} procedure provides the infrastructure needed to set this up."
  4176. msgstr "Le Bluetooth est souvent frustrant à configurer. Vous devrez appairer vos périphériques Bluetooth et vous assurer que le périphérique se connecte automatiquement dès qu'il est branché. Le service système Bluetooth renvoyé par la procédure @code{bluetooth-service} fournit l'infrastructure requise pour cette configuration."
  4177. #. type: Plain text
  4178. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2596
  4179. msgid "Reconfigure your system with at least the following services and packages:"
  4180. msgstr "Reconfigurez votre système avec au moins les services et les paquets suivants :"
  4181. #. type: lisp
  4182. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2606
  4183. #, no-wrap
  4184. msgid ""
  4185. "(operating-system\n"
  4186. " ;; …\n"
  4187. " (packages (cons* bluez bluez-alsa\n"
  4188. " %base-packages))\n"
  4189. " (services\n"
  4190. " ;; …\n"
  4191. " (dbus-service #:services (list bluez-alsa))\n"
  4192. " (bluetooth-service #:auto-enable? #t)))\n"
  4193. msgstr ""
  4194. "(operating-system\n"
  4195. " ;; …\n"
  4196. " (packages (cons* bluez bluez-alsa\n"
  4197. " %base-packages))\n"
  4198. " (services\n"
  4199. " ;; …\n"
  4200. " (dbus-service #:services (list bluez-alsa))\n"
  4201. " (bluetooth-service #:auto-enable? #t)))\n"
  4202. #. type: Plain text
  4203. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2613
  4204. msgid "Start the @code{bluetooth} service and then use @command{bluetoothctl} to scan for Bluetooth devices. Try to identify your Bluetooth speaker and pick out its device ID from the resulting list of devices that is indubitably dominated by a baffling smorgasbord of your neighbors' home automation gizmos. This only needs to be done once:"
  4205. msgstr "Démarrez le service @code{bluetooth} puis utilisez @command{bluetoothctl} pour scanner les périphériques Bluetooth. Essayez d'identifier votre haut-parleur Bluetooth et choisissez son ID de périphérique dans la liste de périphériques qui est indubitablement polluée par une armée de gadgets connectés chez votre voisin. Vous ne devrez le faire qu'une seule fois :"
  4206. #. type: example
  4207. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2617
  4208. #, no-wrap
  4209. msgid ""
  4210. "$ bluetoothctl \n"
  4211. "[NEW] Controller 00:11:22:33:95:7F BlueZ 5.40 [default]\n"
  4212. "\n"
  4213. msgstr ""
  4214. "$ bluetoothctl \n"
  4215. "[NEW] Controller 00:11:22:33:95:7F BlueZ 5.40 [default]\n"
  4216. "\n"
  4217. #. type: example
  4218. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2620
  4219. #, no-wrap
  4220. msgid ""
  4221. "[bluetooth]# power on\n"
  4222. "[bluetooth]# Changing power on succeeded\n"
  4223. "\n"
  4224. msgstr ""
  4225. "[bluetooth]# power on\n"
  4226. "[bluetooth]# Changing power on succeeded\n"
  4227. "\n"
  4228. #. type: example
  4229. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2623
  4230. #, no-wrap
  4231. msgid ""
  4232. "[bluetooth]# agent on\n"
  4233. "[bluetooth]# Agent registered\n"
  4234. "\n"
  4235. msgstr ""
  4236. "[bluetooth]# agent on\n"
  4237. "[bluetooth]# Agent registered\n"
  4238. "\n"
  4239. #. type: example
  4240. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2626
  4241. #, no-wrap
  4242. msgid ""
  4243. "[bluetooth]# default-agent\n"
  4244. "[bluetooth]# Default agent request successful\n"
  4245. "\n"
  4246. msgstr ""
  4247. "[bluetooth]# default-agent\n"
  4248. "[bluetooth]# Default agent request successful\n"
  4249. "\n"
  4250. #. type: example
  4251. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2633
  4252. #, no-wrap
  4253. msgid ""
  4254. "[bluetooth]# scan on\n"
  4255. "[bluetooth]# Discovery started\n"
  4256. "[CHG] Controller 00:11:22:33:95:7F Discovering: yes\n"
  4257. "[NEW] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD My Bluetooth Speaker\n"
  4258. "[NEW] Device 44:44:FF:2A:20:DC My Neighbor's TV\n"
  4259. "@dots{}\n"
  4260. "\n"
  4261. msgstr ""
  4262. "[bluetooth]# scan on\n"
  4263. "[bluetooth]# Discovery started\n"
  4264. "[CHG] Controller 00:11:22:33:95:7F Discovering: yes\n"
  4265. "[NEW] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD My Bluetooth Speaker\n"
  4266. "[NEW] Device 44:44:FF:2A:20:DC My Neighbor's TV\n"
  4267. "@dots{}\n"
  4268. "\n"
  4269. #. type: example
  4270. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2637
  4271. #, no-wrap
  4272. msgid ""
  4273. "[bluetooth]# pair AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4274. "Attempting to pair with AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4275. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Connected: yes\n"
  4276. "\n"
  4277. msgstr ""
  4278. "[bluetooth]# pair AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4279. "Attempting to pair with AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4280. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Connected: yes\n"
  4281. "\n"
  4282. #. type: example
  4283. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2643
  4284. #, no-wrap
  4285. msgid ""
  4286. "[My Bluetooth Speaker]# [CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD UUIDs: 0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00xxxxxxxxxx\n"
  4287. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD UUIDs: 0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00xxxxxxxxxx\n"
  4288. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD UUIDs: 0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00xxxxxxxxxx\n"
  4289. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Paired: yes\n"
  4290. "Pairing successful\n"
  4291. "\n"
  4292. msgstr ""
  4293. "[My Bluetooth Speaker]# [CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD UUIDs: 0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00xxxxxxxxxx\n"
  4294. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD UUIDs: 0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00xxxxxxxxxx\n"
  4295. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD UUIDs: 0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00xxxxxxxxxx\n"
  4296. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Paired: yes\n"
  4297. "Pairing successful\n"
  4298. "\n"
  4299. #. type: example
  4300. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2645
  4301. #, no-wrap
  4302. msgid ""
  4303. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Connected: no\n"
  4304. "\n"
  4305. msgstr ""
  4306. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Connected: no\n"
  4307. "\n"
  4308. #. type: example
  4309. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2650
  4310. #, no-wrap
  4311. msgid ""
  4312. "[bluetooth]# \n"
  4313. "[bluetooth]# trust AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4314. "[bluetooth]# [CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Trusted: yes\n"
  4315. "Changing AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD trust succeeded\n"
  4316. "\n"
  4317. msgstr ""
  4318. "[bluetooth]# \n"
  4319. "[bluetooth]# trust AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4320. "[bluetooth]# [CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Trusted: yes\n"
  4321. "Changing AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD trust succeeded\n"
  4322. "\n"
  4323. #. type: example
  4324. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2657
  4325. #, no-wrap
  4326. msgid ""
  4327. "[bluetooth]# \n"
  4328. "[bluetooth]# connect AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4329. "Attempting to connect to AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4330. "[bluetooth]# [CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD RSSI: -63\n"
  4331. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Connected: yes\n"
  4332. "Connection successful\n"
  4333. "\n"
  4334. msgstr ""
  4335. "[bluetooth]# \n"
  4336. "[bluetooth]# connect AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4337. "Attempting to connect to AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\n"
  4338. "[bluetooth]# [CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD RSSI: -63\n"
  4339. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD Connected: yes\n"
  4340. "Connection successful\n"
  4341. "\n"
  4342. #. type: example
  4343. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2662
  4344. #, no-wrap
  4345. msgid ""
  4346. "[My Bluetooth Speaker]# scan off\n"
  4347. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD RSSI is nil\n"
  4348. "Discovery stopped\n"
  4349. "[CHG] Controller 00:11:22:33:95:7F Discovering: no\n"
  4350. msgstr ""
  4351. "[My Bluetooth Speaker]# scan off\n"
  4352. "[CHG] Device AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD RSSI is nil\n"
  4353. "Discovery stopped\n"
  4354. "[CHG] Controller 00:11:22:33:95:7F Discovering: no\n"
  4355. #. type: Plain text
  4356. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2666
  4357. msgid "Congratulations, you can now automatically connect to your Bluetooth speaker!"
  4358. msgstr "Félicitations, vous pouvez maintenant vous connecter automatiquement à votre haut-parleur Bluetooth !"
  4359. #. type: Plain text
  4360. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2676
  4361. msgid "It is now time to configure ALSA to use the @emph{bluealsa} Bluetooth module, so that you can define an ALSA pcm device corresponding to your Bluetooth speaker. For a headless server using @emph{bluealsa} with a fixed Bluetooth device is likely simpler than configuring Pulseaudio and its stream switching behavior. We configure ALSA by crafting a custom @code{alsa-configuration} for the @code{alsa-service-type}. The configuration will declare a @code{pcm} type @code{bluealsa} from the @code{bluealsa} module provided by the @code{bluez-alsa} package, and then define a @code{pcm} device of that type for your Bluetooth speaker."
  4362. msgstr "Il est maintenant temps de configurer ALSA pour utiliser le module Bluetooth @emph{bluealsa}, pour que vous puissiez définir un périphérique pcm ALSA correspondant à votre haut-parleur Bluetooth. Un serveur sans affichage utilisant @emph{bluealsa} avec un périphérique fixe est probablement plus facile à configurer que Pulseaudio et son comportement de changement de flux. Nous configurons ALSA en créant un @code{alsa-configuration} personnalisé pour le service @code{alsa-service-type}. La configuration déclarera un type @code{pcm} @code{bluealsa} du module @code{bluealsa} fournit par le paquet @code{bluez-alsa}, puis définira un périphérique @code{pcm} de ce type pour le haut-parleur Bluetooth."
  4363. #. type: Plain text
  4364. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2683
  4365. msgid "All that is left then is to make MPD send audio data to this ALSA device. We also add a secondary MPD output that makes the currently played audio files available as a stream through a web server on port 8080. When enabled a device on the network could listen to the audio stream by connecting any capable media player to the HTTP server on port 8080, independent of the status of the Bluetooth speaker."
  4366. msgstr "Tout ce qui reste à faire est de faire en sorte que MPD envoie les données audio à ce périphérique ALSA. Nous ajoutons aussi une sortie MPD secondaire qui rend les fichiers audio en lecture disponibles en streaming sur un serveur web sur le port 8080. Lorsque la sortie est activée, un appareil sur le réseau peut écouter le flux audio en se connectant avec n'importe quel lecteur multimédia au serveur HTTP sur le port 8080, indépendamment du statut du haut-parleur Bluetooth."
  4367. #. type: Plain text
  4368. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2686
  4369. msgid "What follows is the outline of an @code{operating-system} declaration that should accomplish the above-mentioned tasks:"
  4370. msgstr "Voici les grandes lignes d'une déclaration @code{operating-system} qui devrait accomplir les tâches sus-mentionnées :"
  4371. #. type: lisp
  4372. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2734
  4373. #, no-wrap
  4374. msgid ""
  4375. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  4376. "(use-service-modules audio dbus sound #;… etc)\n"
  4377. "(use-package-modules audio linux #;… etc)\n"
  4378. "(operating-system\n"
  4379. " ;; …\n"
  4380. " (packages (cons* bluez bluez-alsa\n"
  4381. " %base-packages))\n"
  4382. " (services\n"
  4383. " ;; …\n"
  4384. " (service mpd-service-type\n"
  4385. " (mpd-configuration\n"
  4386. " (user \"your-username\")\n"
  4387. " (music-dir \"/path/to/your/music\")\n"
  4388. " (address \"192.168.178.20\")\n"
  4389. " (outputs (list (mpd-output\n"
  4390. " (type \"alsa\")\n"
  4391. " (name \"MPD\")\n"
  4392. " (extra-options\n"
  4393. " ;; Use the same name as in the ALSA\n"
  4394. " ;; configuration below.\n"
  4395. " '((device . \"pcm.btspeaker\"))))\n"
  4396. " (mpd-output\n"
  4397. " (type \"httpd\")\n"
  4398. " (name \"streaming\")\n"
  4399. " (enabled? #false)\n"
  4400. " (always-on? #true)\n"
  4401. " (tags? #true)\n"
  4402. " (mixer-type 'null)\n"
  4403. " (extra-options\n"
  4404. " '((encoder . \"vorbis\")\n"
  4405. " (port . \"8080\")\n"
  4406. " (bind-to-address . \"192.168.178.20\")\n"
  4407. " (max-clients . \"0\") ;no limit\n"
  4408. " (quality . \"5.0\")\n"
  4409. " (format . \"44100:16:1\"))))))))\n"
  4410. " (dbus-service #:services (list bluez-alsa))\n"
  4411. " (bluetooth-service #:auto-enable? #t)\n"
  4412. " (service alsa-service-type\n"
  4413. " (alsa-configuration\n"
  4414. " (pulseaudio? #false) ;we don't need it\n"
  4415. " (extra-options\n"
  4416. " #~(string-append \"\\\n"
  4417. "# Declare Bluetooth audio device type \\\"bluealsa\\\" from bluealsa module\n"
  4418. "pcm_type.bluealsa @{\n"
  4419. " lib \\\"\" #$(file-append bluez-alsa \"/lib/alsa-lib/libasound_module_pcm_bluealsa.so\") \"\\\"\n"
  4420. "@}\n"
  4421. "\n"
  4422. msgstr ""
  4423. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  4424. "(use-service-modules audio dbus sound #;… etc)\n"
  4425. "(use-package-modules audio linux #;… etc)\n"
  4426. "(operating-system\n"
  4427. " ;; …\n"
  4428. " (packages (cons* bluez bluez-alsa\n"
  4429. " %base-packages))\n"
  4430. " (services\n"
  4431. " ;; …\n"
  4432. " (service mpd-service-type\n"
  4433. " (mpd-configuration\n"
  4434. " (user \"your-username\")\n"
  4435. " (music-dir \"/path/to/your/music\")\n"
  4436. " (address \"192.168.178.20\")\n"
  4437. " (outputs (list (mpd-output\n"
  4438. " (type \"alsa\")\n"
  4439. " (name \"MPD\")\n"
  4440. " (extra-options\n"
  4441. " ;; Utilisez le même nom que dans la configuration\n"
  4442. " ;; ALSA plus bas.\n"
  4443. " '((device . \"pcm.btspeaker\"))))\n"
  4444. " (mpd-output\n"
  4445. " (type \"httpd\")\n"
  4446. " (name \"streaming\")\n"
  4447. " (enabled? #false)\n"
  4448. " (always-on? #true)\n"
  4449. " (tags? #true)\n"
  4450. " (mixer-type 'null)\n"
  4451. " (extra-options\n"
  4452. " '((encoder . \"vorbis\")\n"
  4453. " (port . \"8080\")\n"
  4454. " (bind-to-address . \"192.168.178.20\")\n"
  4455. " (max-clients . \"0\") ;no limit\n"
  4456. " (quality . \"5.0\")\n"
  4457. " (format . \"44100:16:1\"))))))))\n"
  4458. " (dbus-service #:services (list bluez-alsa))\n"
  4459. " (bluetooth-service #:auto-enable? #t)\n"
  4460. " (service alsa-service-type\n"
  4461. " (alsa-configuration\n"
  4462. " (pulseaudio? #false) ;we don't need it\n"
  4463. " (extra-options\n"
  4464. " #~(string-append \"\\\n"
  4465. "# Déclare un type de périphérique audio Bluetooth \\\"bluealsa\\\" du module bluealsa\n"
  4466. "pcm_type.bluealsa @{\n"
  4467. " lib \\\"\" #$(file-append bluez-alsa \"/lib/alsa-lib/libasound_module_pcm_bluealsa.so\") \"\\\"\n"
  4468. "@}\n"
  4469. "\n"
  4470. #. type: lisp
  4471. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2739
  4472. #, no-wrap
  4473. msgid ""
  4474. "# Declare control device type \\\"bluealsa\\\" from the same module\n"
  4475. "ctl_type.bluealsa @{\n"
  4476. " lib \\\"\" #$(file-append bluez-alsa \"/lib/alsa-lib/libasound_module_ctl_bluealsa.so\") \"\\\"\n"
  4477. "@}\n"
  4478. "\n"
  4479. msgstr ""
  4480. "# Déclare un type de périphérique de contrôle \\\"bluealsa\\\" du même module\n"
  4481. "ctl_type.bluealsa @{\n"
  4482. " lib \\\"\" #$(file-append bluez-alsa \"/lib/alsa-lib/libasound_module_ctl_bluealsa.so\") \"\\\"\n"
  4483. "@}\n"
  4484. "\n"
  4485. #. type: lisp
  4486. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2746
  4487. #, no-wrap
  4488. msgid ""
  4489. "# Define the actual Bluetooth audio device.\n"
  4490. "pcm.btspeaker @{\n"
  4491. " type bluealsa\n"
  4492. " device \\\"AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\\\" # unique device identifier\n"
  4493. " profile \\\"a2dp\\\"\n"
  4494. "@}\n"
  4495. "\n"
  4496. msgstr ""
  4497. "# Définie le périphérique Bluetooth audio.\n"
  4498. "pcm.btspeaker @{\n"
  4499. " type bluealsa\n"
  4500. " device \\\"AA:BB:CC:A4:AA:CD\\\" # unique device identifier\n"
  4501. " profile \\\"a2dp\\\"\n"
  4502. "@}\n"
  4503. "\n"
  4504. #. type: lisp
  4505. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2752
  4506. #, no-wrap
  4507. msgid ""
  4508. "# Define an associated controller.\n"
  4509. "ctl.btspeaker @{\n"
  4510. " type bluealsa\n"
  4511. "@}\n"
  4512. "\"))))))\n"
  4513. msgstr ""
  4514. "# Définie un contrôleur associé.\n"
  4515. "ctl.btspeaker @{\n"
  4516. " type bluealsa\n"
  4517. "@}\n"
  4518. "\"))))))\n"
  4519. #. type: Plain text
  4520. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2756
  4521. msgid "Enjoy the music with the MPD client of your choice or a media player capable of streaming via HTTP!"
  4522. msgstr "Profitez de votre musique avec le client MPD de votre choix ou un lecteur multimédia capable de streamer en HTTP !"
  4523. #. type: Plain text
  4524. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2769
  4525. msgid "The kernel Linux provides a number of shared facilities that are available to processes in the system. These facilities include a shared view on the file system, other processes, network devices, user and group identities, and a few others. Since Linux 3.19 a user can choose to @emph{unshare} some of these shared facilities for selected processes, providing them (and their child processes) with a different view on the system."
  4526. msgstr "Le noyau Linux fournit un certain nombre de dispositifs partagés qui sont disponibles pour les processus du système. Ces dispositifs sont entre autres un vue partagée du système de fichiers, des autres processus, des périphériques réseau, des identités de groupe et d'utilisateur et quelques autres. Depuis Linux 3.19 vous pouvez choisir de @emph{départager} certains de ces dispositifs partagés pour des processus choisis, en leur fournissant (ainsi qu'à leurs processus enfant) une vue différente du système."
  4527. #. type: Plain text
  4528. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2775
  4529. msgid "A process with an unshared @code{mount} namespace, for example, has its own view on the file system --- it will only be able to see directories that have been explicitly bound in its mount namespace. A process with its own @code{proc} namespace will consider itself to be the only process running on the system, running as PID 1."
  4530. msgstr "Un processus avec un espace de nom de montage (@code{mount}) départagé par exemple, a sa propre vue du système de fichier — il ne pourra voir que les répertoires qui ont été explicitement liés à son espace de nom de montage. Un processus avec son propre espace de nom de processus (@code{proc}) considérera qu'il est le seul processus lancé sur le système, avec le PID 1."
  4531. #. type: Plain text
  4532. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2782
  4533. msgid "Guix uses these kernel features to provide fully isolated environments and even complete Guix System containers, lightweight virtual machines that share the host system's kernel. This feature comes in especially handy when using Guix on a foreign distribution to prevent interference from foreign libraries or configuration files that are available system-wide."
  4534. msgstr "Guix utilise ces fonctionnalités du noyau pour fournir des environnement complètement isolés e même des conteneurs complets pour le système Guix, des machines virtuelles légères qui partagent le noyau de l'hôte. Cette fonctionnalité est particulièrement pratique si vous utilise Guix sur une distribution externe pour éviter les interférence avec les bibliothèques ou les fichiers de configuration externes disponibles sur l'ensemble du système."
  4535. #. type: Plain text
  4536. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2794
  4537. msgid "The easiest way to get started is to use @command{guix shell} with the @option{--container} option. @xref{Invoking guix shell,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a reference of valid options."
  4538. msgstr "La manière la plus simple de démarrer est d'utiliser @command{guix shell} avec l'option @option{--container}. @xref{Invoquer guix shell,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour la référence des options valides."
  4539. #. type: Plain text
  4540. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2801
  4541. msgid "The following snippet spawns a minimal shell process with most namespaces unshared from the system. The current working directory is visible to the process, but anything else on the file system is unavailable. This extreme isolation can be very useful when you want to rule out any sort of interference from environment variables, globally installed libraries, or configuration files."
  4542. msgstr "Le bout de code suivant démarre un shell minimal avec la plupart des espaces de noms départagés du système. Le répertoire de travail actuel est visible pour le processus, mais tout le reste du système de fichiers est indisponible. Cette isolation extrême peut être très utile si vous voulez écarter toute interférence des variables d'environnement, des bibliothèques installées globalement ou des fichiers de configuration."
  4543. #. type: example
  4544. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2804
  4545. #, no-wrap
  4546. msgid "guix shell --container\n"
  4547. msgstr "guix shell --container\n"
  4548. #. type: Plain text
  4549. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2811
  4550. msgid "It is a bleak environment, barren, desolate. You will find that not even the GNU coreutils are available here, so to explore this deserted wasteland you need to use built-in shell commands. Even the usually gigantic @file{/gnu/store} directory is reduced to a faint shadow of itself."
  4551. msgstr "C'est un environnement vierge, aride et désolé. Vous trouverez que même GNU coreutils n'y est pas disponible, donc pour explorer cet environnement désert vous devrez utiliser les commandes internes au shell. Même le répertoire @file{/gnu/store} habituellement énorme est réduit à peau de chagrin."
  4552. #. type: example
  4553. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2821
  4554. #, no-wrap
  4555. msgid ""
  4556. "$ echo /gnu/store/*\n"
  4557. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-gcc-10.3.0-lib\n"
  4558. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-glibc-2.33\n"
  4559. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-bash-static-5.1.8\n"
  4560. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-ncurses-6.2.20210619\n"
  4561. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-bash-5.1.8\n"
  4562. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-profile\n"
  4563. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-readline-8.1.1\n"
  4564. msgstr ""
  4565. "$ echo /gnu/store/*\n"
  4566. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-gcc-10.3.0-lib\n"
  4567. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-glibc-2.33\n"
  4568. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-bash-static-5.1.8\n"
  4569. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-ncurses-6.2.20210619\n"
  4570. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-bash-5.1.8\n"
  4571. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-profile\n"
  4572. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-readline-8.1.1\n"
  4573. #. type: cindex
  4574. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2823
  4575. #, no-wrap
  4576. msgid "exiting a container"
  4577. msgstr "quitter un conteneur"
  4578. #. type: Plain text
  4579. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2827
  4580. msgid "There isn't much you can do in an environment like this other than exiting it. You can use @key{^D} or @command{exit} to terminate this limited shell environment."
  4581. msgstr "Vous ne pouvez pas faire grand chose de plus dans un environnement comme celui-ci à part en sortir. Vous pouvez utiliser @key{Ctrl-D} ou @command{exit} pour quitter cet environnement shell limité."
  4582. #. type: cindex
  4583. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2828
  4584. #, no-wrap
  4585. msgid "exposing directories, container"
  4586. msgstr "exposer des répertoires, conteneur"
  4587. #. type: cindex
  4588. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2829
  4589. #, no-wrap
  4590. msgid "sharing directories, container"
  4591. msgstr "partager des répertoires, conteneur"
  4592. #. type: cindex
  4593. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2830
  4594. #, no-wrap
  4595. msgid "mapping locations, container"
  4596. msgstr "faire correspondre des emplacement, conteneur"
  4597. #. type: Plain text
  4598. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2839
  4599. msgid "You can make other directories available inside of the container environment; use @option{--expose=DIRECTORY} to bind-mount the given directory as a read-only location inside the container, or use @option{--share=DIRECTORY} to make the location writable. With an additional mapping argument after the directory name you can control the name of the directory inside the container. In the following example we map @file{/etc} on the host system to @file{/the/host/etc} inside a container in which the GNU coreutils are installed."
  4600. msgstr "Vous pouvez rendre d'autres répertoires disponibles à l'intérieur de l'environnement du conteneur. Utilisez @option{--expose=RÉPERTOIRE} pour créer un montage lié au répertoire donné en lecture-seule à l'intérieur du conteneur, ou utilisez @option{--share=RÉPERTOIRE} pour rendre cet emplacement inscriptible. Avec un argument de correspondance supplémentaire après le nom du répertoire vous pouvez contrôler le nom du répertoire lié dans le conteneur. Dans l'exemple suivant nous faisons correspondre @file{/etc} du système hôte à @file{/l/hôte/etc} dans un conteneur dans lequel GNU coreutils est installé."
  4601. #. type: example
  4602. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2843
  4603. #, no-wrap
  4604. msgid ""
  4605. "$ guix shell --container --share=/etc=/the/host/etc coreutils\n"
  4606. "$ ls /the/host/etc\n"
  4607. msgstr ""
  4608. "$ guix shell --container --share=/etc=/l/hôte/etc coreutils\n"
  4609. "$ ls /l/hôte/etc\n"
  4610. #. type: Plain text
  4611. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2850
  4612. msgid "Similarly, you can prevent the current working directory from being mapped into the container with the @option{--no-cwd} option. Another good idea is to create a dedicated directory that will serve as the container's home directory, and spawn the container shell from that directory."
  4613. msgstr "De même, vous pouvez empêcher le répertoire actuel d'être ajouté au conteneur avec l'option @option{--no-cwd}. Une autre bonne idée est de créer un répertoire dédié qui servira de répertoire personnel dans le conteneur et de démarrer le shell du conteneur dans ce répertoire."
  4614. #. type: cindex
  4615. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2851
  4616. #, no-wrap
  4617. msgid "hide system libraries, container"
  4618. msgstr "cacher les bibliothèques système, conteneur"
  4619. #. type: cindex
  4620. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2852
  4621. #, no-wrap
  4622. msgid "avoid ABI mismatch, container"
  4623. msgstr "éviter les incompatibilités d'ABI, conteneur"
  4624. #. type: Plain text
  4625. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2862
  4626. msgid "On a foreign system a container environment can be used to compile software that cannot possibly be linked with system libraries or with the system's compiler toolchain. A common use-case in a research context is to install packages from within an R session. Outside of a container environment there is a good chance that the foreign compiler toolchain and incompatible system libraries are found first, resulting in incompatible binaries that cannot be used by R. In a container shell this problem disappears, as system libraries and executables simply aren't available due to the unshared @code{mount} namespace."
  4627. msgstr "Sur un système externe un environnement de conteneur peut être utilisé pour compiler un logiciel qui ne peut pas être lié aux bibliothèques du système ou avec la chaine d'outils du système. Un cas d'utilisation courant dans le contexte de la recherche est l'installation de paquets à partir d'une session R. En dehors de l'environnement du conteneur il est fort probable que la chaine de compilation externe et les bibliothèques systèmes incompatibles soient trouvés en premier, ce qui créer des binaires incompatibles qui ne peuvent pas être utilisés dans R. Dans un conteneur ce problème disparait car les bibliothèques du système et les executables ne sont simplement pas disponibles à cause de l'espace de nom @code{mount} départagé."
  4628. #. type: Plain text
  4629. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2865
  4630. msgid "Let's take a comprehensive manifest providing a comfortable development environment for use with R:"
  4631. msgstr "Prenons un manifeste complet pour fournir un environnement de développement confortable pour R :"
  4632. #. type: lisp
  4633. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2869
  4634. #, no-wrap
  4635. msgid ""
  4636. "(specifications->manifest\n"
  4637. " (list \"r-minimal\"\n"
  4638. "\n"
  4639. msgstr ""
  4640. "(specifications->manifest\n"
  4641. " (list \"r-minimal\"\n"
  4642. "\n"
  4643. #. type: lisp
  4644. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2874
  4645. #, no-wrap
  4646. msgid ""
  4647. " ;; base packages\n"
  4648. " \"bash-minimal\"\n"
  4649. " \"glibc-locales\"\n"
  4650. " \"nss-certs\"\n"
  4651. "\n"
  4652. msgstr ""
  4653. " ;; paquets de base\n"
  4654. " \"bash-minimal\"\n"
  4655. " \"glibc-locales\"\n"
  4656. " \"nss-certs\"\n"
  4657. "\n"
  4658. #. type: lisp
  4659. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2881
  4660. #, no-wrap
  4661. msgid ""
  4662. " ;; Common command line tools lest the container is too empty.\n"
  4663. " \"coreutils\"\n"
  4664. " \"grep\"\n"
  4665. " \"which\"\n"
  4666. " \"wget\"\n"
  4667. " \"sed\"\n"
  4668. "\n"
  4669. msgstr ""
  4670. " ;; Outils en ligne de commande usuels, sans lesquels le conteneur est trop vide.\n"
  4671. " \"coreutils\"\n"
  4672. " \"grep\"\n"
  4673. " \"which\"\n"
  4674. " \"wget\"\n"
  4675. " \"sed\"\n"
  4676. "\n"
  4677. #. type: lisp
  4678. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2884
  4679. #, no-wrap
  4680. msgid ""
  4681. " ;; R markdown tools\n"
  4682. " \"pandoc\"\n"
  4683. "\n"
  4684. msgstr ""
  4685. " ;; outils markdown pour R\n"
  4686. " \"pandoc\"\n"
  4687. "\n"
  4688. #. type: lisp
  4689. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2900
  4690. #, no-wrap
  4691. msgid ""
  4692. " ;; Toolchain and common libraries for \"install.packages\"\n"
  4693. " \"gcc-toolchain@@10\"\n"
  4694. " \"gfortran-toolchain\"\n"
  4695. " \"gawk\"\n"
  4696. " \"tar\"\n"
  4697. " \"gzip\"\n"
  4698. " \"unzip\"\n"
  4699. " \"make\"\n"
  4700. " \"cmake\"\n"
  4701. " \"pkg-config\"\n"
  4702. " \"cairo\"\n"
  4703. " \"libxt\"\n"
  4704. " \"openssl\"\n"
  4705. " \"curl\"\n"
  4706. " \"zlib\"))\n"
  4707. msgstr ""
  4708. " ;; Chaine d'outils et bibliothèques courantes pour « install.packages »\n"
  4709. " \"gcc-toolchain@@10\"\n"
  4710. " \"gfortran-toolchain\"\n"
  4711. " \"gawk\"\n"
  4712. " \"tar\"\n"
  4713. " \"gzip\"\n"
  4714. " \"unzip\"\n"
  4715. " \"make\"\n"
  4716. " \"cmake\"\n"
  4717. " \"pkg-config\"\n"
  4718. " \"cairo\"\n"
  4719. " \"libxt\"\n"
  4720. " \"openssl\"\n"
  4721. " \"curl\"\n"
  4722. " \"zlib\"))\n"
  4723. #. type: Plain text
  4724. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2906
  4725. msgid "Let's use this to run R inside a container environment. For convenience we share the @code{net} namespace to use the host system's network interfaces. Now we can build R packages from source the traditional way without having to worry about ABI mismatch or incompatibilities."
  4726. msgstr "Utilisons cela pour lancer R dans un environnement de conteneur. Pour se simplifier la vie, nous partageons l'espace de nom @code{net} pour utiliser les interfaces réseau du système hôte. Maintenant nous pouvons construire des paquets R à partir des sources de la manière traditionnelle sans avoir à se soucier des incompatibilités d'ABI."
  4727. #. type: example
  4728. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2909
  4729. #, no-wrap
  4730. msgid ""
  4731. "$ guix shell --container --network --manifest=manifest.scm -- R\n"
  4732. "\n"
  4733. msgstr ""
  4734. "$ guix shell --container --network --manifest=manifest.scm -- R\n"
  4735. "\n"
  4736. #. type: example
  4737. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2922
  4738. #, no-wrap
  4739. msgid ""
  4740. "R version 4.2.1 (2022-06-23) -- \"Funny-Looking Kid\"\n"
  4741. "Copyright (C) 2022 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing\n"
  4742. "@dots{}\n"
  4743. "> e <- Sys.getenv(\"GUIX_ENVIRONMENT\")\n"
  4744. "> Sys.setenv(GIT_SSL_CAINFO=paste0(e, \"/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt\"))\n"
  4745. "> Sys.setenv(SSL_CERT_FILE=paste0(e, \"/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt\"))\n"
  4746. "> Sys.setenv(SSL_CERT_DIR=paste0(e, \"/etc/ssl/certs\"))\n"
  4747. "> install.packages(\"Cairo\", lib=paste0(getwd()))\n"
  4748. "@dots{}\n"
  4749. "* installing *source* package 'Cairo' ...\n"
  4750. "@dots{}\n"
  4751. "* DONE (Cairo)\n"
  4752. "\n"
  4753. msgstr ""
  4754. "R version 4.2.1 (2022-06-23) -- \"Funny-Looking Kid\"\n"
  4755. "Copyright (C) 2022 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing\n"
  4756. "@dots{}\n"
  4757. "> e <- Sys.getenv(\"GUIX_ENVIRONMENT\")\n"
  4758. "> Sys.setenv(GIT_SSL_CAINFO=paste0(e, \"/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt\"))\n"
  4759. "> Sys.setenv(SSL_CERT_FILE=paste0(e, \"/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt\"))\n"
  4760. "> Sys.setenv(SSL_CERT_DIR=paste0(e, \"/etc/ssl/certs\"))\n"
  4761. "> install.packages(\"Cairo\", lib=paste0(getwd()))\n"
  4762. "@dots{}\n"
  4763. "* installing *source* package 'Cairo' ...\n"
  4764. "@dots{}\n"
  4765. "* DONE (Cairo)\n"
  4766. "\n"
  4767. #. type: example
  4768. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2927
  4769. #, no-wrap
  4770. msgid ""
  4771. "The downloaded source packages are in\n"
  4772. "\t'/tmp/RtmpCuwdwM/downloaded_packages'\n"
  4773. "> library(\"Cairo\", lib=getwd())\n"
  4774. "> # success!\n"
  4775. msgstr ""
  4776. "The downloaded source packages are in\n"
  4777. "\t'/tmp/RtmpCuwdwM/downloaded_packages'\n"
  4778. "> library(\"Cairo\", lib=getwd())\n"
  4779. "> # success!\n"
  4780. #. type: Plain text
  4781. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2935
  4782. msgid "Using container shells is fun, but they can become a little cumbersome when you want to go beyond just a single interactive process. Some tasks become a lot easier when they sit on the rock solid foundation of a proper Guix System and its rich set of system services. The next section shows you how to launch a complete Guix System inside of a container."
  4783. msgstr "Utiliser des shells conteneurs est amusant, mais ils peuvent devenir un peu embêtant quand vous voulez plus qu'un seul processus interactif. Certaines tâches deviennent plus faciles lorsqu'elles se reposent sur les fondations solides d'un système Guix et de son riche ensemble de services systèmes. La section suivante vous montre comment lancer un système Guix complet à l'intérieur d'un conteneur."
  4784. #. type: Plain text
  4785. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2949
  4786. msgid "The Guix System provides a wide array of interconnected system services that are configured declaratively to form a dependable stateless GNU System foundation for whatever tasks you throw at it. Even when using Guix on a foreign distribution you can benefit from the design of Guix System by running a system instance as a container. Using the same kernel features of unshared namespaces mentioned in the previous section, the resulting Guix System instance is isolated from the host system and only shares file system locations that you explicitly declare."
  4787. msgstr "Le système Guix fournit un large éventail de services systèmes interconnectés configurés déclarativement pour former les fondations d'un système GNU fiable et sans état pour n'importe quelle tâche que vous lui donnez. Même lorsque vous utilisez Guix sur une distribution externe, vous pouvez bénéficier de la conception du système Guix en lançant une instance du système dans un conteneur. Avec les mêmes fonctionnalités d'espaces de noms départagés mentionnés dans la section précédente, l'instance du système Guix qui en résulte est isolée du système hôte et ne partage que les emplacements de fichiers que vous avez explicitement déclarés."
  4788. #. type: Plain text
  4789. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2960
  4790. msgid "A Guix System container differs from the shell process created by @command{guix shell --container} in a number of important ways. While in a container shell the containerized process is a Bash shell process, a Guix System container runs the Shepherd as PID 1. In a system container all system services (@pxref{Services,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) are set up just as they would be on a Guix System in a virtual machine or on bare metal---this includes daemons managed by the GNU@tie{}Shepherd (@pxref{Shepherd Services,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) as well as other kinds of extensions to the operating system (@pxref{Service Composition,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  4791. msgstr "Un conteneur du système Guix est différent du processus shell créé par @command{guix shell --container} de plusieurs façons importantes. Dans un shell conteneur le processus de conteneurisation est le processus de shell Bash alors qu'une conteneur du système Guix fait tourner le Shepherd en PID 1. Dans un conteneur système tous les services systèmes (@pxref{Services,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) sont paramétrés de la même manière que sur un système Guix dans une machine virtuelle ou directement sur le matériel. Cela comprend les démons gérés par le GNU@tie{}Shepherd (@pxref{Services Shepherd,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) ainsi que d'autres types d'extensions du système d'exploitation (@pxref{Composition de services,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  4792. #. type: Plain text
  4793. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2967
  4794. msgid "The perceived increase in complexity of running a Guix System container is easily justified when dealing with more complex applications that have higher or just more rigid requirements on their execution contexts---configuration files, dedicated user accounts, directories for caches or log files, etc. In Guix System the demands of this kind of software are satisfied through the deployment of system services."
  4795. msgstr "La complexité perçue comme croissante d'un conteneur du système Guix est facilement justifiée lorsque vous devez traiter avec des applications plus complexes qui ont des prérequis plus grands ou plus rigides sur leur contexte d'exécution — des fichiers de configuration, des comptes utilisateurs dédiés, des répertoires pour les le cache ou les fichiers journaux, etc. Sur le système Guix, la demande de ce genre de logiciels est satisfaite en déployant des services systèmes."
  4796. #. type: subsection
  4797. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2969 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2970
  4798. #, no-wrap
  4799. msgid "A Database Container"
  4800. msgstr "Un conteneur de base de données"
  4801. #. type: Plain text
  4802. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2975
  4803. msgid "A good example might be a PostgreSQL database server. Much of the complexity of setting up such a database server is encapsulated in this deceptively short service declaration:"
  4804. msgstr "Un bon exemple pourrait être un serveur de base de données PostgreSQL. La majeure partie de la complexité de configuration d'un tel serveur de base de données est encapsulée dans cette déclaration trompeusement courtes :"
  4805. #. type: lisp
  4806. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2980
  4807. #, no-wrap
  4808. msgid ""
  4809. "(service postgresql-service-type\n"
  4810. " (postgresql-configuration\n"
  4811. " (postgresql postgresql-14)))\n"
  4812. msgstr ""
  4813. "(service postgresql-service-type\n"
  4814. " (postgresql-configuration\n"
  4815. " (postgresql postgresql-14)))\n"
  4816. #. type: Plain text
  4817. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2984
  4818. msgid "A complete operating system declaration for use with a Guix System container would look something like this:"
  4819. msgstr "Une déclaration de système d'exploitation complète utilisable avec un conteneur du système Guix ressemblerait à ceci :"
  4820. #. type: lisp
  4821. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2989
  4822. #, no-wrap
  4823. msgid ""
  4824. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  4825. "(use-package-modules databases)\n"
  4826. "(use-service-modules databases)\n"
  4827. "\n"
  4828. msgstr ""
  4829. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  4830. "(use-package-modules databases)\n"
  4831. "(use-service-modules databases)\n"
  4832. "\n"
  4833. #. type: lisp
  4834. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3023
  4835. #, no-wrap
  4836. msgid ""
  4837. "(operating-system\n"
  4838. " (host-name \"container\")\n"
  4839. " (timezone \"Europe/Berlin\")\n"
  4840. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  4841. " (device (file-system-label \"does-not-matter\"))\n"
  4842. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  4843. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  4844. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  4845. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  4846. " (bootloader grub-bootloader)\n"
  4847. " (targets '(\"/dev/sdX\"))))\n"
  4848. " (services\n"
  4849. " (cons* (service postgresql-service-type\n"
  4850. " (postgresql-configuration\n"
  4851. " (postgresql postgresql-14)\n"
  4852. " (config-file\n"
  4853. " (postgresql-config-file\n"
  4854. " (log-destination \"stderr\")\n"
  4855. " (hba-file\n"
  4856. " (plain-file \"pg_hba.conf\"\n"
  4857. " \"\\\n"
  4858. "local\tall\tall\t\t\ttrust\n"
  4859. "host\tall\tall\t10.0.0.1/32 \ttrust\"))\n"
  4860. " (extra-config\n"
  4861. " '((\"listen_addresses\" \"*\")\n"
  4862. " (\"log_directory\" \"/var/log/postgresql\")))))))\n"
  4863. " (service postgresql-role-service-type\n"
  4864. " (postgresql-role-configuration\n"
  4865. " (roles\n"
  4866. " (list (postgresql-role\n"
  4867. " (name \"test\")\n"
  4868. " (create-database? #t))))))\n"
  4869. " %base-services)))\n"
  4870. msgstr ""
  4871. "(operating-system\n"
  4872. " (host-name \"container\")\n"
  4873. " (timezone \"Europe/Berlin\")\n"
  4874. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  4875. " (device (file-system-label \"does-not-matter\"))\n"
  4876. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  4877. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  4878. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  4879. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  4880. " (bootloader grub-bootloader)\n"
  4881. " (targets '(\"/dev/sdX\"))))\n"
  4882. " (services\n"
  4883. " (cons* (service postgresql-service-type\n"
  4884. " (postgresql-configuration\n"
  4885. " (postgresql postgresql-14)\n"
  4886. " (config-file\n"
  4887. " (postgresql-config-file\n"
  4888. " (log-destination \"stderr\")\n"
  4889. " (hba-file\n"
  4890. " (plain-file \"pg_hba.conf\"\n"
  4891. " \"\\\n"
  4892. "local\tall\tall\t\t\ttrust\n"
  4893. "host\tall\tall\t10.0.0.1/32 \ttrust\"))\n"
  4894. " (extra-config\n"
  4895. " '((\"listen_addresses\" \"*\")\n"
  4896. " (\"log_directory\" \"/var/log/postgresql\")))))))\n"
  4897. " (service postgresql-role-service-type\n"
  4898. " (postgresql-role-configuration\n"
  4899. " (roles\n"
  4900. " (list (postgresql-role\n"
  4901. " (name \"test\")\n"
  4902. " (create-database? #t))))))\n"
  4903. " %base-services)))\n"
  4904. #. type: Plain text
  4905. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3031
  4906. msgid "With @code{postgresql-role-service-type} we define a role ``test'' and create a matching database, so that we can test right away without any further manual setup. The @code{postgresql-config-file} settings allow a client from IP address 10.0.0.1 to connect without requiring authentication---a bad idea in production systems, but convenient for this example."
  4907. msgstr "Avec @code{postgresql-role-service-type} nous définissons un rôle « test » et créons une base de données correspondante, pour que nous puissions le tester immédiatement sans autre paramétrage manuel. Les paramètres de @code{postgresql-config-file} permettent à un client de se connecter à partir de l'adresse IP 10.0.0.1 sans authentification — une mauvaise idée en production, mais pratique pour cet exemple."
  4908. #. type: Plain text
  4909. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3037
  4910. msgid "Let's build a script that will launch an instance of this Guix System as a container. Write the @code{operating-system} declaration above to a file @file{os.scm} and then use @command{guix system container} to build the launcher. (@pxref{Invoking guix system,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  4911. msgstr "Construisons un script qui exécutera une instance de ce système Guix dans un conteneur. Écrivez la déclaration @code{operating-system} ci-dessus dans un fichier @file{os.scm} puis utilisez @command{guix system container} pour construire le lanceur (@pxref{Invoquer guix system,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  4912. #. type: example
  4913. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3045
  4914. #, no-wrap
  4915. msgid ""
  4916. "$ guix system container os.scm\n"
  4917. "The following derivations will be built:\n"
  4918. " /gnu/store/@dots{}-run-container.drv\n"
  4919. " @dots{}\n"
  4920. "building /gnu/store/@dots{}-run-container.drv...\n"
  4921. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-run-container\n"
  4922. msgstr ""
  4923. "$ guix system container os.scm\n"
  4924. "Les dérivations suivantes seront construites :\n"
  4925. " /gnu/store/@dots{}-run-container.drv\n"
  4926. " @dots{}\n"
  4927. "construction de /gnu/store/@dots{}-run-container.drv...\n"
  4928. "/gnu/store/@dots{}-run-container\n"
  4929. #. type: Plain text
  4930. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3051
  4931. msgid "Now that we have a launcher script we can run it to spawn the new system with a running PostgreSQL service. Note that due to some as yet unresolved limitations we need to run the launcher as the root user, for example with @command{sudo}."
  4932. msgstr "Maintenant que nous avons le script de lancement nous pouvons le lancer pour démarrer le nouveau système avec un service PostgreSQL. Remarquez qu'à cause de limites non encore résolues, nous devons lancer le lanceur en root, par exemple avec @command{sudo}."
  4933. #. type: example
  4934. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3056
  4935. #, no-wrap
  4936. msgid ""
  4937. "$ sudo /gnu/store/@dots{}-run-container\n"
  4938. "system container is running as PID 5983\n"
  4939. "@dots{}\n"
  4940. msgstr ""
  4941. "$ sudo /gnu/store/@dots{}-run-container\n"
  4942. "le conteneur système tourne avec le PID 5983\n"
  4943. "@dots{}\n"
  4944. #. type: Plain text
  4945. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3063
  4946. msgid "Background the process with @key{Ctrl-z} followed by @command{bg}. Note the process ID in the output; we will need it to connect to the container later. You know what? Let's try attaching to the container right now. We will use @command{nsenter}, a tool provided by the @code{util-linux} package:"
  4947. msgstr "Mettez le processus en fond avec @key{Ctrl-z} suivie de @command{bg}. Prenez note de l'ID du processus dans la sortie ; nous en aurons besoin pour nous connecter au conteneur plus tard. Vous savez quoi ? Essayons de nous attacher au conteneur immédiatement. Nous utiliserons @command{nsenter}, un outil fournit par le paquet @code{util-linux} :"
  4948. #. type: example
  4949. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3076
  4950. #, no-wrap
  4951. msgid ""
  4952. "$ guix shell util-linux\n"
  4953. "$ sudo nsenter -a -t 5983\n"
  4954. "root@@container /# pgrep -a postgres\n"
  4955. "49 /gnu/store/@dots{}-postgresql-14.4/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/data --config-file=/gnu/store/@dots{}-postgresql.conf -p 5432\n"
  4956. "51 postgres: checkpointer\n"
  4957. "52 postgres: background writer\n"
  4958. "53 postgres: walwriter\n"
  4959. "54 postgres: autovacuum launcher\n"
  4960. "55 postgres: stats collector\n"
  4961. "56 postgres: logical replication launcher\n"
  4962. "root@@container /# exit\n"
  4963. msgstr ""
  4964. "$ guix shell util-linux\n"
  4965. "$ sudo nsenter -a -t 5983\n"
  4966. "root@@container /# pgrep -a postgres\n"
  4967. "49 /gnu/store/@dots{}-postgresql-14.4/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/data --config-file=/gnu/store/@dots{}-postgresql.conf -p 5432\n"
  4968. "51 postgres: checkpointer\n"
  4969. "52 postgres: background writer\n"
  4970. "53 postgres: walwriter\n"
  4971. "54 postgres: autovacuum launcher\n"
  4972. "55 postgres: stats collector\n"
  4973. "56 postgres: logical replication launcher\n"
  4974. "root@@container /# exit\n"
  4975. #. type: Plain text
  4976. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3079
  4977. msgid "The PostgreSQL service is running in the container!"
  4978. msgstr "Le service PostgreSQL tourne dans le conteneur !"
  4979. #. type: subsection
  4980. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3081 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3082
  4981. #, no-wrap
  4982. msgid "Container Networking"
  4983. msgstr "Utilisation du réseau dans le conteneur"
  4984. #. type: cindex
  4985. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3083
  4986. #, no-wrap
  4987. msgid "container networking"
  4988. msgstr "configuration réseau d'un conteneur"
  4989. #. type: Plain text
  4990. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3089
  4991. msgid "What good is a Guix System running a PostgreSQL database service as a container when we can only talk to it with processes originating in the container? It would be much better if we could talk to the database over the network."
  4992. msgstr "Que vaut un système Guix dans lequel tourne un service de bases de données PostgreSQL dans un conteneur si nous ne pouvons lui parler qu'avec des processus originaire de ce conteneur ? Il serait bien mieux de pouvoir parler à la base de données via le réseau."
  4993. #. type: Plain text
  4994. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3095
  4995. msgid "The easiest way to do this is to create a pair of connected virtual Ethernet devices (known as @code{veth}). We move one of the devices (@code{ceth-test}) into the @code{net} namespace of the container and leave the other end (@code{veth-test}) of the connection on the host system."
  4996. msgstr "La manière la plus simple de faire cela est de créer une paire de périphérique Ethernet virtuels (connus sous le nom de @code{veth}). Nous déplaçons l'un des périphériques (@code{ceth-test}) dans l'espace de nom @code{net} du conteneur et laissons l'autre côté (@code{veth-test}) de la connexion sur le système hôte."
  4997. #. type: example
  4998. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3101
  4999. #, no-wrap
  5000. msgid ""
  5001. "pid=5983\n"
  5002. "ns=\"guix-test\"\n"
  5003. "host=\"veth-test\"\n"
  5004. "client=\"ceth-test\"\n"
  5005. "\n"
  5006. msgstr ""
  5007. "pid=5983\n"
  5008. "ns=\"guix-test\"\n"
  5009. "host=\"veth-test\"\n"
  5010. "client=\"ceth-test\"\n"
  5011. "\n"
  5012. #. type: example
  5013. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3104
  5014. #, no-wrap
  5015. msgid ""
  5016. "# Attach the new net namespace \"guix-test\" to the container PID.\n"
  5017. "sudo ip netns attach $ns $pid\n"
  5018. "\n"
  5019. msgstr ""
  5020. "# Attache le nouvel espace de nom réseau « guix-test » au PID du conteneur.\n"
  5021. "sudo ip netns attach $ns $pid\n"
  5022. "\n"
  5023. #. type: example
  5024. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3107
  5025. #, no-wrap
  5026. msgid ""
  5027. "# Create the pair of devices\n"
  5028. "sudo ip link add $host type veth peer name $client\n"
  5029. "\n"
  5030. msgstr ""
  5031. "# Crée une paire de périphériques\n"
  5032. "sudo ip link add $host type veth peer name $client\n"
  5033. "\n"
  5034. #. type: example
  5035. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3110
  5036. #, no-wrap
  5037. msgid ""
  5038. "# Move the client device into the container's net namespace\n"
  5039. "sudo ip link set $client netns $ns\n"
  5040. msgstr ""
  5041. "# Déplace le périphérique client dans l'espace de nom réseau du conteneur\n"
  5042. "sudo ip link set $client netns $ns\n"
  5043. #. type: Plain text
  5044. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3113
  5045. msgid "Then we configure the host side:"
  5046. msgstr "Puis nous configurons le côté de l'hôte :"
  5047. #. type: example
  5048. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3117
  5049. #, no-wrap
  5050. msgid ""
  5051. "sudo ip link set $host up\n"
  5052. "sudo ip addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev $host\n"
  5053. msgstr ""
  5054. "sudo ip link set $host up\n"
  5055. "sudo ip addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev $host\n"
  5056. #. type: Plain text
  5057. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3120
  5058. msgid "@dots{}and then we configure the client side:"
  5059. msgstr "@dots{}puis nous configurons le côté client :"
  5060. #. type: example
  5061. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3125
  5062. #, no-wrap
  5063. msgid ""
  5064. "sudo ip netns exec $ns ip link set lo up\n"
  5065. "sudo ip netns exec $ns ip link set $client up\n"
  5066. "sudo ip netns exec $ns ip addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev $client\n"
  5067. msgstr ""
  5068. "sudo ip netns exec $ns ip link set lo up\n"
  5069. "sudo ip netns exec $ns ip link set $client up\n"
  5070. "sudo ip netns exec $ns ip addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev $client\n"
  5071. #. type: Plain text
  5072. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3131
  5073. msgid "At this point the host can reach the container at IP address 10.0.0.2, and the container can reach the host at IP 10.0.0.1. This is all we need to talk to the database server inside the container from the host system on the outside."
  5074. msgstr "Maintenant l'hôte peut atteindre le conteneur à l'adresse IP 10.0.0.2 et le conteneur peut atteindre l'hôte à l'adresse IP 10.0.0.1. C'est tout ce dont nous avons besoin pour communiquer avec le serveur de bases de données dans le conteneur à partir du système hôte, à l'extérieur."
  5075. #. type: example
  5076. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3136
  5077. #, no-wrap
  5078. msgid ""
  5079. "$ psql -h 10.0.0.2 -U test\n"
  5080. "psql (14.4)\n"
  5081. "Type \"help\" for help.\n"
  5082. "\n"
  5083. msgstr ""
  5084. "$ psql -h 10.0.0.2 -U test\n"
  5085. "psql (14.4)\n"
  5086. "Type \"help\" for help.\n"
  5087. "\n"
  5088. #. type: example
  5089. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3146
  5090. #, no-wrap
  5091. msgid ""
  5092. "test=> CREATE TABLE hello (who TEXT NOT NULL);\n"
  5093. "CREATE TABLE\n"
  5094. "test=> INSERT INTO hello (who) VALUES ('world');\n"
  5095. "INSERT 0 1\n"
  5096. "test=> SELECT * FROM hello;\n"
  5097. " who\n"
  5098. "-------\n"
  5099. " world\n"
  5100. "(1 row)\n"
  5101. msgstr ""
  5102. "test=> CREATE TABLE hello (who TEXT NOT NULL);\n"
  5103. "CREATE TABLE\n"
  5104. "test=> INSERT INTO hello (who) VALUES ('world');\n"
  5105. "INSERT 0 1\n"
  5106. "test=> SELECT * FROM hello;\n"
  5107. " who\n"
  5108. "-------\n"
  5109. " world\n"
  5110. "(1 row)\n"
  5111. #. type: Plain text
  5112. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3149
  5113. msgid "Now that we're done with this little demonstration let's clean up:"
  5114. msgstr "Maintenant que nous avons fini cette petite démonstration, nettoyons tout ça :"
  5115. #. type: example
  5116. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3154
  5117. #, no-wrap
  5118. msgid ""
  5119. "sudo kill $pid\n"
  5120. "sudo ip netns del $ns\n"
  5121. "sudo ip link del $host\n"
  5122. msgstr ""
  5123. "sudo kill $pid\n"
  5124. "sudo ip netns del $ns\n"
  5125. "sudo ip link del $host\n"
  5126. #. type: Plain text
  5127. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3166
  5128. msgid "Guix is a functional package manager that offers many features beyond what more traditional package managers can do. To the uninitiated, those features might not have obvious use cases at first. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced package management concepts."
  5129. msgstr "Guix est un gestionnaire de paquets fonctionnel qui propose de nombreuses fonctionnalités en plus de ce que les gestionnaires de paquets traditionnels peuvent faire. Pour quelqu'un qui n'est pas initié, ces fonctionnalités peuvent ne pas paraître utiles au premier coup d'œil. Le but de ce chapitre est de vous montrer certains concepts avancés en gestion de paquets."
  5130. #. type: Plain text
  5131. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3169
  5132. msgid "@pxref{Package Management,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
  5133. msgstr "@pxref{Gestion des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour une référence complète."
  5134. #. type: Plain text
  5135. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3180
  5136. msgid "Guix provides a very useful feature that may be quite foreign to newcomers: @emph{profiles}. They are a way to group package installations together and all users on the same system are free to use as many profiles as they want."
  5137. msgstr "Guix fournit une fonctionnalité utile que peut être plutôt étrange pour les débutants et débutantes : les @emph{profils}. C'est une manière de regrouper l'installation de paquets ensemble et chaque utilisateur ou utilisatrice du même système peuvent avoir autant de profils que souhaité."
  5138. #. type: Plain text
  5139. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3185
  5140. msgid "Whether you're a developer or not, you may find that multiple profiles bring you great power and flexibility. While they shift the paradigm somewhat compared to @emph{traditional package managers}, they are very convenient to use once you've understood how to set them up."
  5141. msgstr "Que vous programmiez ou non, vous trouverez sans doute plus de flexibilité et de possibilité avec plusieurs profils. Bien qu'ils changent un peu du paradigme des @emph{gestionnaires de paquets traditionnels}, ils sont pratiques à utiliser une fois que vous avec saisi comment les configurer."
  5142. #. type: Plain text
  5143. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3191
  5144. msgid "If you are familiar with Python's @samp{virtualenv}, you can think of a profile as a kind of universal @samp{virtualenv} that can hold any kind of software whatsoever, not just Python software. Furthermore, profiles are self-sufficient: they capture all the runtime dependencies which guarantees that all programs within a profile will always work at any point in time."
  5145. msgstr "Si vous connaissez @samp{virtualenv} de Python, vous pouvez conceptualiser un profil comme une sorte de @samp{virtualenv} universel qui peut contenir n'importe quel sorte de logiciel, pas seulement du code Python. En plus, les profils sont auto-suffisants : ils capturent toutes les dépendances à l'exécution qui garantissent que tous les programmes d'un profil fonctionneront toujours à tout instant."
  5146. #. type: Plain text
  5147. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3193
  5148. msgid "Multiple profiles have many benefits:"
  5149. msgstr "Avoir plusieurs profils présente de nombreux intérêts :"
  5150. #. type: itemize
  5151. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3197
  5152. msgid "Clean semantic separation of the various packages a user needs for different contexts."
  5153. msgstr "Une séparation sémantique claire des divers paquets dont vous avez besoin pour différents contextes."
  5154. #. type: itemize
  5155. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3201
  5156. msgid "Multiple profiles can be made available into the environment either on login or within a dedicated shell."
  5157. msgstr "On peut rendre plusieurs profils disponibles dans l'environnement soit à la connexion, soit dans un shell dédié."
  5158. #. type: itemize
  5159. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3205
  5160. msgid "Profiles can be loaded on demand. For instance, the user can use multiple shells, each of them running different profiles."
  5161. msgstr "Les profils peuvent être chargés à la demande. Par exemple, vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs shells, chacun dans un profil différent."
  5162. #. type: itemize
  5163. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3210
  5164. msgid "Isolation: Programs from one profile will not use programs from the other, and the user can even install different versions of the same programs to the two profiles without conflict."
  5165. msgstr "L'isolation : les programmes d'un profil n'utiliseront pas ceux d'un autre, et vous pouvez même installe plusieurs versions d'un même programme dans deux profils différents, sans conflit."
  5166. #. type: itemize
  5167. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3214
  5168. msgid "Deduplication: Profiles share dependencies that happens to be the exact same. This makes multiple profiles storage-efficient."
  5169. msgstr "Déduplication : les profils partagent les dépendances qui sont exactement les mêmes. Avoir plusieurs profils ne gâche donc pas d'espace."
  5170. #. type: itemize
  5171. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3222
  5172. msgid "Reproducible: when used with declarative manifests, a profile can be fully specified by the Guix commit that was active when it was set up. This means that the exact same profile can be @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, set up anywhere and anytime}, with just the commit information. See the section on @ref{Reproducible profiles}."
  5173. msgstr "Reproductible : lorsque vous utilisez des manifestes déclaratifs, un profil peut être entièrement spécifié par le commit Guix qui a été utilisé pour le créer. Cela signifie que vous pouvez @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, recréer n'importe où et à n'importe quel moment} exactement le même profil, avec juste l'information du numéro de commit. Voir la section sur les @ref{Reproducible profiles}."
  5174. #. type: itemize
  5175. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3226
  5176. msgid "Easier upgrades and maintenance: Multiple profiles make it easy to keep package listings at hand and make upgrades completely frictionless."
  5177. msgstr "Des mises à jours et une maintenance plus faciles : avoir plusieurs profils facilite la gestion des listes de paquets à la main."
  5178. #. type: Plain text
  5179. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3229
  5180. msgid "Concretely, here follows some typical profiles:"
  5181. msgstr "Concrètement voici des profils courants :"
  5182. #. type: itemize
  5183. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3233
  5184. msgid "The dependencies of a project you are working on."
  5185. msgstr "Les dépendances d'un projet sur lequel vous travaillez."
  5186. #. type: itemize
  5187. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3236
  5188. msgid "Your favourite programming language libraries."
  5189. msgstr "Des bibliothèques de votre langage de programmation favori."
  5190. #. type: itemize
  5191. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3239
  5192. msgid "Laptop-specific programs (like @samp{powertop}) that you don't need on a desktop."
  5193. msgstr "Des programmes spécifiques pour les ordinateurs portables (comme @samp{powertop}) dont vous n'avez pas besoin sur un ordinateur de bureau."
  5194. #. type: itemize
  5195. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3243
  5196. msgid "@TeX{}live (this one can be really useful when you need to install just one package for this one document you've just received over email)."
  5197. msgstr "@TeX{}live (il peut être bien pratique si vous avez besoin d'installer un seul paquet pour un document que vous avez reçu par courriel)."
  5198. #. type: itemize
  5199. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3246
  5200. msgid "Games."
  5201. msgstr "Jeux."
  5202. #. type: Plain text
  5203. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3249
  5204. msgid "Let's dive in the set up!"
  5205. msgstr "Voyons cela de plus près !"
  5206. #. type: subsection
  5207. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3250 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3251
  5208. #, no-wrap
  5209. msgid "Basic setup with manifests"
  5210. msgstr "Utilisation de base avec des manifestes"
  5211. #. type: Plain text
  5212. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3256
  5213. msgid "A Guix profile can be set up @i{via} a @dfn{manifest}. A manifest is a snippet of Scheme code that specifies the set of packages you want to have in your profile; it looks like this:"
  5214. msgstr "Un profil Guix peut être paramétré par un @dfn{manifeste}. Un manifeste est un bout de code Scheme qui spécifie l'ensemble des paquets que vous voulez avoir dans votre profil ; il ressemble à ceci :"
  5215. #. type: lisp
  5216. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3266
  5217. #, no-wrap
  5218. msgid ""
  5219. "(specifications->manifest\n"
  5220. " '(\"package-1\"\n"
  5221. " ;; Version 1.3 of package-2.\n"
  5222. " \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
  5223. " ;; The \"lib\" output of package-3.\n"
  5224. " \"package-3:lib\"\n"
  5225. " ; ...\n"
  5226. " \"package-N\"))\n"
  5227. msgstr ""
  5228. "(specifications->manifest\n"
  5229. " '(\"package-1\"\n"
  5230. " ;; Version 1.3 de package-2.\n"
  5231. " \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
  5232. " ;; La sortie « lib » de package-3.\n"
  5233. " \"package-3:lib\"\n"
  5234. " ; ...\n"
  5235. " \"package-N\"))\n"
  5236. #. type: Plain text
  5237. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3270
  5238. msgid "@xref{Writing Manifests,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information about the syntax."
  5239. msgstr "@xref{Écrire un manifeste,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur la syntaxe."
  5240. #. type: Plain text
  5241. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3272
  5242. msgid "We can create a manifest specification per profile and install them this way:"
  5243. msgstr "On peut créer une spécification de manifeste par profil et les installer de cette manière :"
  5244. #. type: example
  5245. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3277
  5246. #, no-wrap
  5247. msgid ""
  5248. "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
  5249. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # if it does not exist yet\n"
  5250. "guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  5251. msgstr ""
  5252. "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
  5253. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # s'il n'existe pas encore\n"
  5254. "guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  5255. #. type: Plain text
  5256. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3281
  5257. msgid "Here we set an arbitrary variable @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} to point to the directory where we will store our profiles in the rest of this article."
  5258. msgstr "On spécifie ici une variable arbitraire @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} pour pointer vers le répertoire où seront stockés nos profils dans le reste de cet article."
  5259. #. type: Plain text
  5260. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3287
  5261. msgid "Placing all your profiles in a single directory, with each profile getting its own sub-directory, is somewhat cleaner. This way, each sub-directory will contain all the symlinks for precisely one profile. Besides, ``looping over profiles'' becomes obvious from any programming language (e.g.@: a shell script) by simply looping over the sub-directories of @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}."
  5262. msgstr "C'est un peu plus propre de placer tous vos profils dans un répertoire unique, où chaque profil a son propre sous-répertoire. De cette manière, chaque sous-répertoire contiendra tous les liens symboliques pour exactement un profil. En plus, il devient facile d'énumérer les profils depuis n'importe quel langage de programmation (p.@: ex.@: un script shell) en énumérant simplement les sous-répertoires de @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}."
  5263. #. type: Plain text
  5264. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3289
  5265. msgid "Note that it's also possible to loop over the output of"
  5266. msgstr "Remarquez qu'il est aussi possible d'utiliser la sortie de"
  5267. #. type: example
  5268. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3292
  5269. #, no-wrap
  5270. msgid "guix package --list-profiles\n"
  5271. msgstr "guix package --list-profiles\n"
  5272. #. type: Plain text
  5273. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3295
  5274. msgid "although you'll probably have to filter out @file{~/.config/guix/current}."
  5275. msgstr "même si vous devrez sans doute enlever @file{~/.config/guix/current}."
  5276. #. type: Plain text
  5277. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3297
  5278. msgid "To enable all profiles on login, add this to your @file{~/.bash_profile} (or similar):"
  5279. msgstr "Pour activer tous les profils à la connexion, ajoutez cela à votre @file{~/.bash_profile} (ou similaire) :"
  5280. #. type: example
  5281. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3307
  5282. #, no-wrap
  5283. msgid ""
  5284. "for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
  5285. " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
  5286. " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
  5287. " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
  5288. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  5289. " fi\n"
  5290. " unset profile\n"
  5291. "done\n"
  5292. msgstr ""
  5293. "for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
  5294. " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
  5295. " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
  5296. " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
  5297. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  5298. " fi\n"
  5299. " unset profile\n"
  5300. "done\n"
  5301. #. type: Plain text
  5302. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3312
  5303. msgid "Note to Guix System users: the above reflects how your default profile @file{~/.guix-profile} is activated from @file{/etc/profile}, that latter being loaded by @file{~/.bashrc} by default."
  5304. msgstr "Remarque pour les utilisateurs du système Guix : ce qui précède ressemble à la manière dont votre profil par défaut @file{~/.guix-profile} est activé dans @file{/etc/profile}, ce dernier étant chargé par défaut par @file{~/.bashrc}."
  5305. #. type: Plain text
  5306. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3314
  5307. msgid "You can obviously choose to only enable a subset of them:"
  5308. msgstr "Vous pouvez évidemment choisir de n'en activer qu'une partie :"
  5309. #. type: example
  5310. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3324
  5311. #, no-wrap
  5312. msgid ""
  5313. "for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1 \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
  5314. " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
  5315. " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
  5316. " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
  5317. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  5318. " fi\n"
  5319. " unset profile\n"
  5320. "done\n"
  5321. msgstr ""
  5322. "for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1 \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
  5323. " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
  5324. " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
  5325. " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
  5326. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  5327. " fi\n"
  5328. " unset profile\n"
  5329. "done\n"
  5330. #. type: Plain text
  5331. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3328
  5332. msgid "When a profile is off, it's straightforward to enable it for an individual shell without \"polluting\" the rest of the user session:"
  5333. msgstr "Lorsqu'un profil est désactivé, il est facile de l'activer pour un shell individuel sans « polluer » le reste de la session :"
  5334. #. type: example
  5335. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3331
  5336. #, no-wrap
  5337. msgid "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  5338. msgstr "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  5339. #. type: Plain text
  5340. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3338
  5341. msgid "The key to enabling a profile is to @emph{source} its @samp{etc/profile} file. This file contains shell code that exports the right environment variables necessary to activate the software contained in the profile. It is built automatically by Guix and meant to be sourced. It contains the same variables you would get if you ran:"
  5342. msgstr "Le secret pour activer un profil est de @emph{sourcer} son fichier @samp{etc/profile}. Ce fichier contient du code shell qui exporte les bonnes variables d'environnement nécessaires à activer les logiciels présents dans le profil. Il est créé automatiquement par Guix et doit être sourcé. Il contient les mêmes variables que ce que vous obtiendrez en lançant :"
  5343. #. type: example
  5344. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3341
  5345. #, no-wrap
  5346. msgid "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"
  5347. msgstr "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"
  5348. #. type: Plain text
  5349. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3345
  5350. msgid "Once again, see (@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) for the command line options."
  5351. msgstr "Encore une fois, @xref{Invoquer guix package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour les options de la ligne de commande."
  5352. #. type: Plain text
  5353. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3347
  5354. msgid "To upgrade a profile, simply install the manifest again:"
  5355. msgstr "Pour mettre à jour un profil, installez de nouveau le manifeste :"
  5356. #. type: example
  5357. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3350
  5358. #, no-wrap
  5359. msgid "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  5360. msgstr "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  5361. #. type: Plain text
  5362. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3356
  5363. msgid "To upgrade all profiles, it's easy enough to loop over them. For instance, assuming your manifest specifications are stored in @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, with @samp{$profile} being the name of the profile (e.g.@: \"project1\"), you could do the following in Bourne shell:"
  5364. msgstr "Pour mettre à jour tous les profils, vous pouvez simplement les énumérer. Par exemple, en supposant que vous spécifications sont dans @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, où @samp{$profile} est le nom du profil (p.@: ex@: « projet1 »), vous pouvez utiliser ce qui suit dans le shell :"
  5365. #. type: example
  5366. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3361
  5367. #, no-wrap
  5368. msgid ""
  5369. "for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
  5370. " guix package --profile=\"$profile\" --manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
  5371. "done\n"
  5372. msgstr ""
  5373. "for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
  5374. " guix package --profile=\"$profile\" --manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
  5375. "done\n"
  5376. #. type: Plain text
  5377. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3364
  5378. msgid "Each profile has its own generations:"
  5379. msgstr "Chaque profil a ses propres générations :"
  5380. #. type: example
  5381. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3367
  5382. #, no-wrap
  5383. msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --list-generations\n"
  5384. msgstr "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --list-generations\n"
  5385. #. type: Plain text
  5386. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3370
  5387. msgid "You can roll-back to any generation of a given profile:"
  5388. msgstr "Vous pouvez revenir à n'importe quelle génération d'un profil donné :"
  5389. #. type: example
  5390. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3373
  5391. #, no-wrap
  5392. msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17\n"
  5393. msgstr "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17\n"
  5394. #. type: Plain text
  5395. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3377
  5396. msgid "Finally, if you want to switch to a profile without inheriting from the current environment, you can activate it from an empty shell:"
  5397. msgstr "Enfin, si vous voulez passer à un profil sans hériter l'environnement actuel, vous pouvez l'activer dans un shell vide :"
  5398. #. type: example
  5399. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3381
  5400. #, no-wrap
  5401. msgid ""
  5402. "env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
  5403. ". my-project/etc/profile\n"
  5404. msgstr ""
  5405. "env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
  5406. ". my-project/etc/profile\n"
  5407. #. type: subsection
  5408. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3383 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3384
  5409. #, no-wrap
  5410. msgid "Required packages"
  5411. msgstr "Paquets requis"
  5412. #. type: Plain text
  5413. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3389
  5414. msgid "Activating a profile essentially boils down to exporting a bunch of environmental variables. This is the role of the @samp{etc/profile} within the profile."
  5415. msgstr "Activer un profil consiste en substance à exporter un ensemble de variables d'environnement. C'est le rôle de @samp{etc/profile} dans le profil."
  5416. #. type: emph{#1}
  5417. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3392
  5418. msgid "Note: Only the environmental variables of the packages that consume them will be set."
  5419. msgstr "Remarque : seules les variables d'environnement des paquets qui les utilisent seront modifiées."
  5420. #. type: Plain text
  5421. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3396
  5422. msgid "For instance, @samp{MANPATH} won't be set if there is no consumer application for man pages within the profile. So if you need to transparently access man pages once the profile is loaded, you've got two options:"
  5423. msgstr "Par exemple, @samp{MANPATH} ne sera pas modifié s'il n'y a pas d'application qui utilise les pages de manuel dans le profil. Donc si vous voulez pouvoir accéder aux pages de manuel facilement une fois le profil chargé, vous avez deux possibilités :"
  5424. #. type: itemize
  5425. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3400
  5426. msgid "Either export the variable manually, e.g."
  5427. msgstr "Exporter la variable manuellement, p.@: ex@:"
  5428. #. type: example
  5429. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3402
  5430. #, no-wrap
  5431. msgid "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"
  5432. msgstr "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"
  5433. #. type: itemize
  5434. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3406
  5435. msgid "Or include @samp{man-db} to the profile manifest."
  5436. msgstr "Inclure @samp{man-db} dans le manifeste du profil."
  5437. #. type: Plain text
  5438. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3410
  5439. msgid "The same is true for @samp{INFOPATH} (you can install @samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (install @samp{pkg-config}), etc."
  5440. msgstr "Il en va de même pour @samp{INFOPATH} (vous pouvez installer @samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (installer @samp{pkg-config}), etc."
  5441. #. type: subsection
  5442. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3411 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3412
  5443. #, no-wrap
  5444. msgid "Default profile"
  5445. msgstr "Profil par défaut"
  5446. #. type: Plain text
  5447. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3415
  5448. msgid "What about the default profile that Guix keeps in @file{~/.guix-profile}?"
  5449. msgstr "Que faire du profil par défaut que Guix garder dans @file{~/.guix-profile} ?"
  5450. #. type: Plain text
  5451. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3418
  5452. msgid "You can assign it the role you want. Typically you would install the manifest of the packages you want to use all the time."
  5453. msgstr "Vous pouvez lui assigner le rôle que vous souhaitez. Habituellement, vous y installerez un manifeste des paquets que vous voulez pouvoir utiliser dans toutes les situations."
  5454. #. type: Plain text
  5455. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3422
  5456. msgid "Alternatively, you could keep it ``manifest-less'' for throw-away packages that you would just use for a couple of days. This way makes it convenient to run"
  5457. msgstr "Autrement, vous pouvez en faire un profil sans manifeste pour des paquets sans importance que vous voulez juste garder quelques jours. C'est une manière de pouvoir facilement lancer"
  5458. #. type: example
  5459. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3426
  5460. #, no-wrap
  5461. msgid ""
  5462. "guix install package-foo\n"
  5463. "guix upgrade package-bar\n"
  5464. msgstr ""
  5465. "guix install package-foo\n"
  5466. "guix upgrade package-bar\n"
  5467. #. type: Plain text
  5468. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3429
  5469. msgid "without having to specify the path to a profile."
  5470. msgstr "sans avoir à spécifier un profil."
  5471. #. type: subsection
  5472. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3430 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3431
  5473. #, no-wrap
  5474. msgid "The benefits of manifests"
  5475. msgstr "Les avantages des manifestes"
  5476. #. type: Plain text
  5477. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3435
  5478. msgid "Manifests are a convenient way to keep your package lists around and, say, to synchronize them across multiple machines using a version control system."
  5479. msgstr "Les manifestes sont pratiques pour garder la liste des paquets et, par exemple, les synchroniser entre plusieurs machines avec un système de gestion de versions."
  5480. #. type: Plain text
  5481. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3439
  5482. msgid "A common complaint about manifests is that they can be slow to install when they contain large number of packages. This is especially cumbersome when you just want get an upgrade for one package within a big manifest."
  5483. msgstr "Les gens se plaignent souvent que les manifestes sont lents à installer quand ils contiennent beaucoup de paquets. C'est particulièrement embêtant quand vous voulez juste mettre à jour un paquet dans un gros manifeste."
  5484. #. type: Plain text
  5485. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3444
  5486. msgid "This is one more reason to use multiple profiles, which happen to be just perfect to break down manifests into multiple sets of semantically connected packages. Using multiple, small profiles provides more flexibility and usability."
  5487. msgstr "C'est une raison de plus d'utiliser plusieurs profils, qui sont bien pratiques pour diviser les manifestes en plusieurs ensembles de paquets de même type. Plusieurs petits profils sont plus flexibles et plus maniables."
  5488. #. type: Plain text
  5489. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3446
  5490. msgid "Manifests come with multiple benefits. In particular, they ease maintenance:"
  5491. msgstr "Les manifestes ont de nombreux avantages. En particulier, ils facilitent la maintenance :"
  5492. #. type: itemize
  5493. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3454
  5494. msgid "When a profile is set up from a manifest, the manifest itself is self-sufficient to keep a ``package listing'' around and reinstall the profile later or on a different system. For ad-hoc profiles, we would need to generate a manifest specification manually and maintain the package versions for the packages that don't use the default version."
  5495. msgstr "Lorsqu'un profil est créé à partir d'un manifeste, le manifeste lui-même est suffisant pour garder la liste des paquets sous le coude et réinstaller le profil plus tard sur un autre système. Pour les profils ad-hoc, il faudrait générer une spécification de manifeste à la main et noter les versions de paquets pour les paquets qui n'utilisent pas la version par défaut."
  5496. #. type: itemize
  5497. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3459
  5498. msgid "@code{guix package --upgrade} always tries to update the packages that have propagated inputs, even if there is nothing to do. Guix manifests remove this problem."
  5499. msgstr "@code{guix package --upgrade} essaye toujours de mettre à jour les paquets qui ont des entrées propagées, même s'il n'y à rien à faire. Les manifestes de Guix résolvent ce problème."
  5500. #. type: itemize
  5501. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3465
  5502. msgid "When partially upgrading a profile, conflicts may arise (due to diverging dependencies between the updated and the non-updated packages) and they can be annoying to resolve manually. Manifests remove this problem altogether since all packages are always upgraded at once."
  5503. msgstr "Lorsque vous mettez partiellement à jour un profil, des conflits peuvent survenir (à cause des dépendances différentes entre les paquets à jour et ceux qui ne le sont pas) et ça peut être embêtant à corriger à la main. Les manifestes suppriment ce problème puisque tous les paquets sont toujours mis à jour en même temps."
  5504. #. type: itemize
  5505. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3471
  5506. msgid "As mentioned above, manifests allow for reproducible profiles, while the imperative @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc. do not, since they produce different profiles every time even when they hold the same packages. See @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, the related discussion on the matter}."
  5507. msgstr "Comme on l'a mentionné plus haut, les manifestes permettent d'avoir des profils reproductibles, alors que les commandes impératives @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc, ne le peuvent pas, puisqu'elles produisent un profil différent à chaque fois qu'elles sont lancées, même avec les même paquets. Voir @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, la discussion sur ce problème}."
  5508. #. type: itemize
  5509. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3479
  5510. msgid "Manifest specifications are usable by other @samp{guix} commands. For example, you can run @code{guix weather -m manifest.scm} to see how many substitutes are available, which can help you decide whether you want to try upgrading today or wait a while. Another example: you can run @code{guix pack -m manifest.scm} to create a pack containing all the packages in the manifest (and their transitive references)."
  5511. msgstr "Les spécifications de manifestes sont utilisables par les autres commandes @samp{guix}. Par exemple, vous pouvez lancer @code{guix weather -m manifest} pour voir combien de substituts sont disponibles, ce qui peut vous aider à décider si vous voulez faire la mise à jour maintenant ou un peu plus tard. Un autre exemple : vous pouvez lancer @code{guix package -m manifest.scm} pour créer un lot contenant tous les paquets du manifeste (et leurs références transitives)."
  5512. #. type: itemize
  5513. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3483
  5514. msgid "Finally, manifests have a Scheme representation, the @samp{<manifest>} record type. They can be manipulated in Scheme and passed to the various Guix @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, APIs}."
  5515. msgstr "Enfin, les manifestes ont une représentation Scheme, le type d'enregistrement @samp{<manifest>}. Vous pouvez les manipuler en Scheme et les passer aux diverses @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, API} de Guix."
  5516. #. type: Plain text
  5517. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3491
  5518. msgid "It's important to understand that while manifests can be used to declare profiles, they are not strictly equivalent: profiles have the side effect that they ``pin'' packages in the store, which prevents them from being garbage-collected (@pxref{Invoking guix gc,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) and ensures that they will still be available at any point in the future."
  5519. msgstr "Vous devez bien comprendre que même si vous pouvez utiliser les manifestes pour déclarer des profils, les deux ne sont pas strictement équivalents : les profils pour l'effet de bord « d'épingler » les paquets dans le dépôt, ce qui évite qu'ils ne soient nettoyés (@pxref{Invoquer guix gc,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) et s'assure qu'ils seront toujours disponibles à n'importe quel moment dans le futur."
  5520. #. type: Plain text
  5521. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3493
  5522. msgid "Let's take an example:"
  5523. msgstr "Voyons un exemple :"
  5524. #. type: enumerate
  5525. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3499
  5526. msgid "We have an environment for hacking on a project for which there isn't a Guix package yet. We build the environment using a manifest, and then run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. So far so good."
  5527. msgstr "Vous avez un environnement pour bidouiller un projet pour lequel il n'y a pas encore de paquet Guix. Vous construisez l'environnement avec un manifeste puis lancez @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. Jusqu'ici tout va bien."
  5528. #. type: enumerate
  5529. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3505
  5530. msgid "Many weeks pass and we have run a couple of @code{guix pull} in the mean time. Maybe a dependency from our manifest has been updated; or we may have run @code{guix gc} and some packages needed by our manifest have been garbage-collected."
  5531. msgstr "Plusieurs semaines plus tard vous avez lancé quelques @code{guix pull} entre temps. Plusieurs dépendances du manifeste ont été mises à jour ; ou bien vous avez lancé @code{guix gc} et certains paquets requis par le manifeste ont été nettoyés."
  5532. #. type: enumerate
  5533. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3510
  5534. msgid "Eventually, we set to work on that project again, so we run @code{guix shell -m manifest.scm}. But now we have to wait for Guix to build and install stuff!"
  5535. msgstr "Finalement, vous vous remettez au travail sur ce projet, donc vous lancez @code{guix shell -m manifest.scm}. Mais maintenant vous devez attendre que Guix construise et installe des paquets !"
  5536. #. type: Plain text
  5537. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3516
  5538. msgid "Ideally, we could spare the rebuild time. And indeed we can, all we need is to install the manifest to a profile and use @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/the/profile; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} as explained above: this guarantees that our hacking environment will be available at all times."
  5539. msgstr "Idéalement, vous voudriez éviter de perdre du temps à reconstruire. C'est en fait possible, tout ce dont on a besoin, c'est d'installer le manifeste dans un profil et d'utiliser @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/le/profil; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} comme on l'a expliqué plus haut : cela garantie que l'environnement de bidouillage sera toujours disponible."
  5540. #. type: Plain text
  5541. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3519
  5542. msgid "@emph{Security warning:} While keeping old profiles around can be convenient, keep in mind that outdated packages may not have received the latest security fixes."
  5543. msgstr "@emph{Avertissement de sécurité :} bien que garder d'anciens profils soit pratique, gardez à l'esprit que les anciens paquets n'ont pas forcément reçu les dernières corrections de sécurité."
  5544. #. type: subsection
  5545. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3520 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3521
  5546. #, no-wrap
  5547. msgid "Reproducible profiles"
  5548. msgstr "Profils reproductibles"
  5549. #. type: Plain text
  5550. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3524
  5551. msgid "To reproduce a profile bit-for-bit, we need two pieces of information:"
  5552. msgstr "Pour reproduire un profil bit-à-bit, on a besoin de deux informations :"
  5553. #. type: itemize
  5554. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3528
  5555. msgid "a manifest,"
  5556. msgstr "un manifeste,"
  5557. #. type: itemize
  5558. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3530
  5559. msgid "a Guix channel specification."
  5560. msgstr "et une spécification de canaux Guix."
  5561. #. type: Plain text
  5562. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3534
  5563. msgid "Indeed, manifests alone might not be enough: different Guix versions (or different channels) can produce different outputs for a given manifest."
  5564. msgstr "En effet, les manifestes seuls ne sont pas forcément suffisants : différentes versions de Guix (ou différents canaux) peuvent produire des sorties différentes avec le même manifeste."
  5565. #. type: Plain text
  5566. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3538
  5567. msgid "You can output the Guix channel specification with @samp{guix describe --format=channels}. Save this to a file, say @samp{channel-specs.scm}."
  5568. msgstr "Vous pouvez afficher la spécification de canaux Guix avec @samp{guix describe --format=channels}. Enregistrez-la dans un fichier, par exemple @samp{channel-specs.scm}."
  5569. #. type: Plain text
  5570. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3541
  5571. msgid "On another computer, you can use the channel specification file and the manifest to reproduce the exact same profile:"
  5572. msgstr "Sur un autre ordinateur, vous pouvez utiliser le fichier de spécification de canaux et le manifeste pour reproduire exactement le même profil :"
  5573. #. type: example
  5574. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3545
  5575. #, no-wrap
  5576. msgid ""
  5577. "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
  5578. "GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
  5579. "\n"
  5580. msgstr ""
  5581. "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
  5582. "GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
  5583. "\n"
  5584. #. type: example
  5585. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3548
  5586. #, no-wrap
  5587. msgid ""
  5588. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
  5589. "guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
  5590. "\n"
  5591. msgstr ""
  5592. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
  5593. "guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
  5594. "\n"
  5595. #. type: example
  5596. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3551
  5597. #, no-wrap
  5598. msgid ""
  5599. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
  5600. "\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  5601. msgstr ""
  5602. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
  5603. "\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  5604. #. type: Plain text
  5605. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3555
  5606. msgid "It's safe to delete the Guix channel profile you've just installed with the channel specification, the project profile does not depend on it."
  5607. msgstr "Vous pouvez supprimer le profil des canaux Guix que vous venez d'installer avec la spécification de canaux, le profil du projet n'en dépend pas."
  5608. #. type: Plain text
  5609. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3562
  5610. msgid "Guix provides multiple tools to manage environment. This chapter demonstrate such utilities."
  5611. msgstr "Guix fournit plusieurs outils pour gérer l'environnement. Ce chapitre vous montre ces outils."
  5612. #. type: Plain text
  5613. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3573
  5614. msgid "Guix provides a @samp{direnv} package, which could extend shell after directory change. This tool could be used to prepare a pure Guix environment."
  5615. msgstr "Guix fournit un paquet @samp{direnv}, qui peut étendre le shell après avoir changé de répertoire de travail. Vous pouvez utiliser cet outil pour préparer un environnement Guix pur."
  5616. #. type: Plain text
  5617. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3579
  5618. msgid "The following example provides a shell function for @file{~/.direnvrc} file, which could be used from Guix Git repository in @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} file to setup a build environment similar to described in @pxref{Building from Git,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}."
  5619. msgstr "L'exemple suivant fournit une fonction shell dans @file{~/.direnvrc}, qui peut être utilisée dans le dépôt Git de Guix dans @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} pour créer un environnement de construction similaire à celui décrit dans @ref{Construire depuis Git,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}."
  5620. #. type: Plain text
  5621. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3581
  5622. msgid "Create a @file{~/.direnvrc} with a Bash code:"
  5623. msgstr "Créez un fichier @file{~/.direnv} avec le code Bash suivant :"
  5624. #. type: example
  5625. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3599
  5626. #, no-wrap
  5627. msgid ""
  5628. "# Thanks <https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
  5629. "export_function()\n"
  5630. "@{\n"
  5631. " local name=$1\n"
  5632. " local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
  5633. " mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
  5634. " PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
  5635. " local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
  5636. " if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
  5637. " echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
  5638. " declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
  5639. " # Notice that we add shell variables to the function trigger.\n"
  5640. " echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
  5641. " chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
  5642. " fi\n"
  5643. "@}\n"
  5644. "\n"
  5645. msgstr ""
  5646. "# Grâce à <https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
  5647. "export_function()\n"
  5648. "@{\n"
  5649. " local name=$1\n"
  5650. " local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
  5651. " mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
  5652. " PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
  5653. " local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
  5654. " if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
  5655. " echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
  5656. " declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
  5657. " # Remarquez qu'on ajoute des variables shells au déclencheur de la fonction.\n"
  5658. " echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
  5659. " chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
  5660. " fi\n"
  5661. "@}\n"
  5662. "\n"
  5663. #. type: example
  5664. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3604
  5665. #, no-wrap
  5666. msgid ""
  5667. "use_guix()\n"
  5668. "@{\n"
  5669. " # Set GitHub token.\n"
  5670. " export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
  5671. "\n"
  5672. msgstr ""
  5673. "use_guix()\n"
  5674. "@{\n"
  5675. " # indique un jeton Github.\n"
  5676. " export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
  5677. "\n"
  5678. #. type: example
  5679. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3607
  5680. #, no-wrap
  5681. msgid ""
  5682. " # Unset 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH'.\n"
  5683. " export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
  5684. "\n"
  5685. msgstr ""
  5686. " # Nettoie « GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH ».\n"
  5687. " export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
  5688. "\n"
  5689. #. type: example
  5690. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3616
  5691. #, no-wrap
  5692. msgid ""
  5693. " # Recreate a garbage collector root.\n"
  5694. " gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
  5695. " mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
  5696. " gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
  5697. " if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
  5698. " then\n"
  5699. " rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
  5700. " fi\n"
  5701. "\n"
  5702. msgstr ""
  5703. " # Recrée une racine du ramasse miettes.\n"
  5704. " gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
  5705. " mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
  5706. " gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
  5707. " if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
  5708. " then\n"
  5709. " rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
  5710. " fi\n"
  5711. "\n"
  5712. #. type: example
  5713. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3631
  5714. #, no-wrap
  5715. msgid ""
  5716. " # Miscellaneous packages.\n"
  5717. " PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
  5718. " direnv\n"
  5719. " git\n"
  5720. " git:send-email\n"
  5721. " git-cal\n"
  5722. " gnupg\n"
  5723. " guile-colorized\n"
  5724. " guile-readline\n"
  5725. " less\n"
  5726. " ncurses\n"
  5727. " openssh\n"
  5728. " xdot\n"
  5729. " )\n"
  5730. "\n"
  5731. msgstr ""
  5732. " # Divers paquets.\n"
  5733. " PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
  5734. " direnv\n"
  5735. " git\n"
  5736. " git:send-email\n"
  5737. " git-cal\n"
  5738. " gnupg\n"
  5739. " guile-colorized\n"
  5740. " guile-readline\n"
  5741. " less\n"
  5742. " ncurses\n"
  5743. " openssh\n"
  5744. " xdot\n"
  5745. " )\n"
  5746. "\n"
  5747. #. type: example
  5748. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3634
  5749. #, no-wrap
  5750. msgid ""
  5751. " # Environment packages.\n"
  5752. " PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
  5753. "\n"
  5754. msgstr ""
  5755. " # Paquets de l'environnement.\n"
  5756. " PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
  5757. "\n"
  5758. #. type: example
  5759. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3637
  5760. #, no-wrap
  5761. msgid ""
  5762. " # Thanks <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
  5763. " eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
  5764. "\n"
  5765. msgstr ""
  5766. " # Grâce à <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
  5767. " eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
  5768. "\n"
  5769. #. type: example
  5770. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3644
  5771. #, no-wrap
  5772. msgid ""
  5773. " # Predefine configure flags.\n"
  5774. " configure()\n"
  5775. " @{\n"
  5776. " ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n"
  5777. " @}\n"
  5778. " export_function configure\n"
  5779. "\n"
  5780. msgstr ""
  5781. " # Défini les drapeaux configure à l'avance.\n"
  5782. " configure()\n"
  5783. " @{\n"
  5784. " ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n"
  5785. " @}\n"
  5786. " export_function configure\n"
  5787. "\n"
  5788. #. type: example
  5789. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3655
  5790. #, no-wrap
  5791. msgid ""
  5792. " # Run make and optionally build something.\n"
  5793. " build()\n"
  5794. " @{\n"
  5795. " make -j 2\n"
  5796. " if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n"
  5797. " then\n"
  5798. " ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n"
  5799. " fi\n"
  5800. " @}\n"
  5801. " export_function build\n"
  5802. "\n"
  5803. msgstr ""
  5804. " # Lance make et construit éventuellement quelque chose.\n"
  5805. " build()\n"
  5806. " @{\n"
  5807. " make -j 2\n"
  5808. " if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n"
  5809. " then\n"
  5810. " ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n"
  5811. " fi\n"
  5812. " @}\n"
  5813. " export_function build\n"
  5814. "\n"
  5815. #. type: example
  5816. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3662
  5817. #, no-wrap
  5818. msgid ""
  5819. " # Predefine push Git command.\n"
  5820. " push()\n"
  5821. " @{\n"
  5822. " git push --set-upstream origin\n"
  5823. " @}\n"
  5824. " export_function push\n"
  5825. "\n"
  5826. msgstr ""
  5827. " # Défini une commande Git pour pousser.\n"
  5828. " push()\n"
  5829. " @{\n"
  5830. " git push --set-upstream origin\n"
  5831. " @}\n"
  5832. " export_function push\n"
  5833. "\n"
  5834. #. type: example
  5835. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3665
  5836. #, no-wrap
  5837. msgid ""
  5838. " clear # Clean up the screen.\n"
  5839. " git-cal --author='Your Name' # Show contributions calendar.\n"
  5840. "\n"
  5841. msgstr ""
  5842. " clear # Nettoie l'écran.\n"
  5843. " git-cal --author='Votre Nom' # Montre le calendrier des contributions.\n"
  5844. "\n"
  5845. #. type: example
  5846. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3673
  5847. #, no-wrap
  5848. msgid ""
  5849. " # Show commands help.\n"
  5850. " echo \"\n"
  5851. "build build a package or just a project if no argument provided\n"
  5852. "configure run ./configure with predefined parameters\n"
  5853. "push push to upstream Git repository\n"
  5854. "\"\n"
  5855. "@}\n"
  5856. msgstr ""
  5857. " # Montre l'aide des commandes.\n"
  5858. " echo \"\n"
  5859. "build construit un paquet ou juste un projet si aucun argument n'est fournit\n"
  5860. "configure lance ./configure avec les paramètres pré-définis\n"
  5861. "push pousse un dépôt Git\n"
  5862. "\"\n"
  5863. "@}\n"
  5864. #. type: Plain text
  5865. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3677
  5866. msgid "Every project containing @file{.envrc} with a string @code{use guix} will have predefined environment variables and procedures."
  5867. msgstr "Tous les projets contenant un @file{.envrc} avec une chaine @code{use guix} aura des variables d'environnement et des procédures prédéfinies."
  5868. #. type: Plain text
  5869. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3679
  5870. msgid "Run @command{direnv allow} to setup the environment for the first time."
  5871. msgstr "Lancez @command{direnv allow} pour mettre en place l'environnement pour la première fois."
  5872. #. type: cindex
  5873. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3685
  5874. #, no-wrap
  5875. msgid "cluster installation"
  5876. msgstr "installation d'une grappe de calcul"
  5877. #. type: cindex
  5878. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3686
  5879. #, no-wrap
  5880. msgid "high-performance computing, HPC"
  5881. msgstr "calcul haute-performance, HPC"
  5882. #. type: cindex
  5883. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3687
  5884. #, no-wrap
  5885. msgid "HPC, high-performance computing"
  5886. msgstr "HPC, calcul haute-performance"
  5887. #. type: Plain text
  5888. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3693
  5889. msgid "Guix is appealing to scientists and @acronym{HPC, high-performance computing} practitioners: it makes it easy to deploy potentially complex software stacks, and it lets you do so in a reproducible fashion---you can redeploy the exact same software on different machines and at different points in time."
  5890. msgstr "Guix est intéressant pour les scientifiques et les professionnels du @acronym{HPC, calcul haute-performance}. Il facilite en effet le déploiement de piles logicielles complexes et vous permet de le faire de manière reproductible — vous pouvez redéployer exactement le même logiciel sur des machines différentes et à des moments différents."
  5891. #. type: Plain text
  5892. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3699
  5893. msgid "In this chapter we look at how a cluster sysadmin can install Guix for system-wide use, such that it can be used on all the cluster nodes, and discuss the various tradeoffs@footnote{This chapter is adapted from a @uref{https://hpc.guix.info/blog/2017/11/installing-guix-on-a-cluster/, blog post published on the Guix-HPC web site in 2017}.}."
  5894. msgstr "Dans ce chapitre nous allons voir comment l'administrateur·ice système d'une grappe peut installer Guix sur le système, de sorte qu'il puisse être utilisé sur tous les nœuds de la grappe, et nous discuterons de différents compromis possibles@footnote{Ce chapitre est adapté d'un @uref{https://hpc.guix.info/blog/2017/11/installing-guix-on-a-cluster/, billet de blog publié sur le site web de Guix-HPC en 2017}.}."
  5895. #. type: quotation
  5896. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3703
  5897. msgid "Here we assume that the cluster is running a GNU/Linux distro other than Guix System and that we are going to install Guix on top of it."
  5898. msgstr "Nous supposons ici que la grappe utilise une distribution GNU/Linux autre que le Système Guix et que nous allons installer Guix par-dessus."
  5899. #. type: Plain text
  5900. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3719
  5901. msgid "The recommended approach is to set up one @emph{head node} running @command{guix-daemon} and exporting @file{/gnu/store} over NFS to compute nodes."
  5902. msgstr "L'approche recommandée est d'installer un @emph{nœud principal} qui exécuterait @command{guix-daemon} et exporterait @file{/gnu/store} sur NFS vers les nœuds de calcul."
  5903. #. type: Plain text
  5904. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3729
  5905. msgid "Remember that @command{guix-daemon} is responsible for spawning build processes and downloads on behalf of clients (@pxref{Invoking guix-daemon,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and more generally accessing @file{/gnu/store}, which contains all the package binaries built by all the users (@pxref{The Store,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). ``Client'' here refers to all the Guix commands that users see, such as @code{guix install}. On a cluster, these commands may be running on the compute nodes and we'll want them to talk to the head node's @code{guix-daemon} instance."
  5906. msgstr "Rappelez-vous que @command{guix-daemon} est responsable du démarrage des constructions et des téléchargements pour ses clients (@pxref{Invoquer guix-daemon,,, guix'fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}), et plus généralement de l'accès à @file{/gnu/store} qui contient tous les binaires des paquets construits par tous les utilisateur·ices (@pxref{Le dépôt,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). Les « clients » signifient toutes les commandes Guix que voient les utilisateurs et utilisatrices, comme @command{guix install}. Sur une grappe, ces commandes peuvent être lancées sur les nœuds de calcul et l'on souhaiterait qu'elles parlent au @code{guix-daemon} du nœud principal."
  5907. #. type: Plain text
  5908. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3734
  5909. msgid "To begin with, the head node can be installed following the usual binary installation instructions (@pxref{Binary Installation,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). Thanks to the installation script, this should be quick. Once installation is complete, we need to make some adjustments."
  5910. msgstr "Pour commencer, le nœud principal peut être installé suivant les instructions d'installation binaires habituelles (@pxref{Installation binaire,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). Grâce au script d'installation, cela devrait être rapide. Une fois l'installation terminée, nous devons faire quelques ajustements."
  5911. #. type: Plain text
  5912. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3742
  5913. msgid "Since we want @code{guix-daemon} to be reachable not just from the head node but also from the compute nodes, we need to arrange so that it listens for connections over TCP/IP. To do that, we'll edit the systemd startup file for @command{guix-daemon}, @file{/etc/systemd/system/guix-daemon.service}, and add a @code{--listen} argument to the @code{ExecStart} line so that it looks something like this:"
  5914. msgstr "Comme nous voulons que @code{guix-daemon} soit joignable non seulement depuis le nœud principal, mais aussi depuis les nœuds de calcul, nous devons nous arranger pour qu'il se mette en écoute de connexions sur TCP/IP. Pour ce faire, nous allons modifier le fichier de démarrage systemd de @command{guix-daemon}, @file{/etc/systemd/system/guix-daemon.service}, et ajouter un argument @code{--listen} à la ligne @code{ExecStart} ur qu'elle ressemble à quelque chose comme :"
  5915. #. type: example
  5916. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3745
  5917. #, no-wrap
  5918. msgid "ExecStart=/var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/current-guix/bin/guix-daemon --build-users-group=guixbuild --listen=/var/guix/daemon-socket/socket --listen=0.0.0.0\n"
  5919. msgstr "ExecStart=/var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/current-guix/bin/guix-daemon --build-users-group=guixbuild --listen=/var/guix/daemon-socket/socket --listen=0.0.0.0\n"
  5920. #. type: Plain text
  5921. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3748
  5922. msgid "For these changes to take effect, the service needs to be restarted:"
  5923. msgstr "Pour que ces changements fassent effet, le service doit être redémarré :"
  5924. #. type: example
  5925. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3752
  5926. #, no-wrap
  5927. msgid ""
  5928. "systemctl daemon-reload\n"
  5929. "systemctl restart guix-daemon\n"
  5930. msgstr ""
  5931. "systemctl daemon-reload\n"
  5932. "systemctl restart guix-daemon\n"
  5933. #. type: quotation
  5934. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3761
  5935. msgid "The @code{--listen=0.0.0.0} bit means that @code{guix-daemon} will process @emph{all} incoming TCP connections on port 44146 (@pxref{Invoking guix-daemon,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). This is usually fine in a cluster setup where the head node is reachable exclusively from the cluster's local area network---you don't want that to be exposed to the Internet!"
  5936. msgstr "@code{--listen=0.0.0.0} indique que @code{guix-daemon} traitera @emph{toutes} les connexions TCP entrantes sur le port 44146 (@pxref{Invoquer guix-daemon,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). C'est généralement acceptable sur une grappe dont le nœud principal est exclusivement accessible à partir du réseau local de la grappe. Vous ne voulez pas l'exposer sur Internet !"
  5937. #. type: Plain text
  5938. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3766
  5939. msgid "The next step is to define our NFS exports in @uref{https://linux.die.net/man/5/exports,@file{/etc/exports}} by adding something along these lines:"
  5940. msgstr "L'étape suivante consiste à définir nos exports NFS dans @uref{https://linux.die.net/man/5/exports,@file{/etc/exports}} en ajoutant quelque chose comme :"
  5941. #. type: example
  5942. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3771
  5943. #, no-wrap
  5944. msgid ""
  5945. "/gnu/store *(ro)\n"
  5946. "/var/guix *(rw, async)\n"
  5947. "/var/log/guix *(ro)\n"
  5948. msgstr ""
  5949. "/gnu/store *(ro)\n"
  5950. "/var/guix *(rw, async)\n"
  5951. "/var/log/guix *(ro)\n"
  5952. #. type: Plain text
  5953. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3778
  5954. msgid "The @file{/gnu/store} directory can be exported read-only since only @command{guix-daemon} on the master node will ever modify it. @file{/var/guix} contains @emph{user profiles} as managed by @code{guix package}; thus, to allow users to install packages with @code{guix package}, this must be read-write."
  5955. msgstr "Le répertoire @file{/gnu/store} peut être exporté en lecture-seule car seul le @command{guix-daemon} du nœud principal le modifiera jamais. @file{/var/guix} contient les @emph{profils utilisateurs} gérés par @code{guix package}. Ainsi, pour permettre à tout le monde d'installer des paquets avec @code{guix package}, il doit être en lecture-écriture."
  5956. #. type: Plain text
  5957. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3788
  5958. msgid "Users can create as many profiles as they like in addition to the default profile, @file{~/.guix-profile}. For instance, @code{guix package -p ~/dev/python-dev -i python} installs Python in a profile reachable from the @code{~/dev/python-dev} symlink. To make sure that this profile is protected from garbage collection---i.e., that Python will not be removed from @file{/gnu/store} while this profile exists---, @emph{home directories should be mounted on the head node} as well so that @code{guix-daemon} knows about these non-standard profiles and avoids collecting software they refer to."
  5959. msgstr "Les utilisateurs et utilisatrices peuvent créer autant de profils qu'ils et elles le souhaitent en plus du profil par défaut, @file{~/.guix-profile}. Par exemple, @code{guix package -p ~/dev/python-dev -i python} installe Python dans un profil accessible depuis le lien symbolique @code{~/dev/python-dev}. Pour vous assurer que ce profil est protégé contre le ramasse-miettes, c.-à-d.@: que Python ne sera pas supprimé de @file{/gnu/store} alors que le profil existe, @emph{les répertoires personnels devraient également être montés sur le nœud principal} pour que @code{guix-daemon} connaisse ces profils non standards et évite de supprimer les logiciels auxquels ils se réfèrent."
  5960. #. type: Plain text
  5961. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3793
  5962. msgid "It may be a good idea to periodically remove unused bits from @file{/gnu/store} by running @command{guix gc} (@pxref{Invoking guix gc,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). This can be done by adding a crontab entry on the head node:"
  5963. msgstr "Vous devriez régulièrement supprimer les paquets inutilisés de @file{/gnu/store} en exécutant @command{guix gc} (@pxref{Invoquer guix gc,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). Vous pouvez le faire en ajoutant une entrée à la crontab du nœud principal :"
  5964. #. type: example
  5965. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3796
  5966. #, no-wrap
  5967. msgid "root@@master# crontab -e\n"
  5968. msgstr "root@@master# crontab -e\n"
  5969. #. type: Plain text
  5970. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3800
  5971. msgid "... with something like this:"
  5972. msgstr "… avec quelque chose comme cela :"
  5973. #. type: example
  5974. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3805
  5975. #, no-wrap
  5976. msgid ""
  5977. "# Every day at 5AM, run the garbage collector to make sure\n"
  5978. "# at least 10 GB are free on /gnu/store.\n"
  5979. "0 5 * * 1 /usr/local/bin/guix gc -F10G\n"
  5980. msgstr ""
  5981. "# Tous les jours à 5h, lancer le ramasse-miettes pour s'assurer\n"
  5982. "# d'avoir au moins 10 Gio libres sur /gnu/store.\n"
  5983. "0 5 * * 1 /usr/local/bin/guix gc -F10G\n"
  5984. #. type: Plain text
  5985. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3808
  5986. msgid "We're done with the head node! Let's look at compute nodes now."
  5987. msgstr "Nous en avons terminé avec le nœud principal ! Voyons maintenant les nœuds de calcul."
  5988. #. type: Plain text
  5989. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3815
  5990. msgid "First of all, we need compute nodes to mount those NFS directories that the head node exports. This can be done by adding the following lines to @uref{https://linux.die.net/man/5/fstab,@file{/etc/fstab}}:"
  5991. msgstr "Tout d'abord, les nœuds de calcul doivent monter les répertoires NFS exportés par le nœud principal. Vous pouvez le faire en ajoutant les lignes suivantes à @uref{https://linux.die.net/man/5/fstab,@file{/etc/fstab}} :"
  5992. #. type: example
  5993. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3820
  5994. #, no-wrap
  5995. msgid ""
  5996. "@var{head-node}:/gnu/store /gnu/store nfs defaults,_netdev,vers=3 0 0\n"
  5997. "@var{head-node}:/var/guix /var/guix nfs defaults,_netdev,vers=3 0 0\n"
  5998. "@var{head-node}:/var/log/guix /var/log/guix nfs defaults,_netdev,vers=3 0 0\n"
  5999. msgstr ""
  6000. "@var{head-node}:/gnu/store /gnu/store nfs defaults,_netdev,vers=3 0 0\n"
  6001. "@var{head-node}:/var/guix /var/guix nfs defaults,_netdev,vers=3 0 0\n"
  6002. "@var{head-node}:/var/log/guix /var/log/guix nfs defaults,_netdev,vers=3 0 0\n"
  6003. #. type: Plain text
  6004. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3826
  6005. msgid "... where @var{head-node} is the name or IP address of your head node. From there on, assuming the mount points exist, you should be able to mount each of these on the compute nodes."
  6006. msgstr "… où @var{head-node} est le nom ou l'IP de votre nœud principal. À partir de là, en supposant que les points de montage existent, vous devriez pouvoir monter tous ces répertoires sur chaque nœud de calcul."
  6007. #. type: Plain text
  6008. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3832
  6009. msgid "Next, we need to provide a default @command{guix} command that users can run when they first connect to the cluster (eventually they will invoke @command{guix pull}, which will provide them with their ``own'' @command{guix} command). Similar to what the binary installation script did on the head node, we'll store that in @file{/usr/local/bin}:"
  6010. msgstr "Ensuite, nous devons fournir une commande @command{guix} par défaut que les utilisateur·ices peuvent exécuter lors de leur première connexion à la grappe (ils et elles finiront par invoquer @command{guix pull}, qui leur fournira leur propre commande @command{guix}). Comme l'a fait le script d'installation sur le nœud principal, nous le stockons dans @file{/usr/local/bin} :"
  6011. #. type: example
  6012. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3837
  6013. #, no-wrap
  6014. msgid ""
  6015. "mkdir -p /usr/local/bin\n"
  6016. "ln -s /var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/current-guix/bin/guix \\\n"
  6017. " /usr/local/bin/guix\n"
  6018. msgstr ""
  6019. "mkdir -p /usr/local/bin\n"
  6020. "ln -s /var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/current-guix/bin/guix \\\n"
  6021. " /usr/local/bin/guix\n"
  6022. #. type: Plain text
  6023. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3841
  6024. msgid "We then need to tell @code{guix} to talk to the daemon running on our master node, by adding these lines to @code{/etc/profile}:"
  6025. msgstr "Nous devons ensuite dire à @code{guix} de parler au démon qui s'exécute sur notre nœud principal, en ajoutant ces lignes à @code{/etc/profile} :"
  6026. #. type: example
  6027. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3845
  6028. #, no-wrap
  6029. msgid ""
  6030. "GUIX_DAEMON_SOCKET=\"guix://@var{head-node}\"\n"
  6031. "export GUIX_DAEMON_SOCKET\n"
  6032. msgstr ""
  6033. "GUIX_DAEMON_SOCKET=\"guix://@var{head-node}\"\n"
  6034. "export GUIX_DAEMON_SOCKET\n"
  6035. #. type: Plain text
  6036. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3850
  6037. msgid "To avoid warnings and make sure @code{guix} uses the right locale, we need to tell it to use locale data provided by Guix (@pxref{Application Setup,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}):"
  6038. msgstr "Pour éviter des avertissements et vous assurer que @code{guix} utilise le bon environnement linguistique, nous devons lui dire d'utiliser les données linguistiques fournies par Guix (@pxref{Application Setup,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix Reference Manual}) :"
  6039. #. type: example
  6040. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3854
  6041. #, no-wrap
  6042. msgid ""
  6043. "GUIX_LOCPATH=/var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/guix-profile/lib/locale\n"
  6044. "export GUIX_LOCPATH\n"
  6045. "\n"
  6046. msgstr ""
  6047. "GUIX_LOCPATH=/var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/guix-profile/lib/locale\n"
  6048. "export GUIX_LOCPATH\n"
  6049. "\n"
  6050. #. type: example
  6051. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3859
  6052. #, no-wrap
  6053. msgid ""
  6054. "# Here we must use a valid locale name. Try \"ls $GUIX_LOCPATH/*\"\n"
  6055. "# to see what names can be used.\n"
  6056. "LC_ALL=fr_FR.utf8\n"
  6057. "export LC_ALL\n"
  6058. msgstr ""
  6059. "# Nous devons utiliser un nom de paramètre linguistique valide. Essayez « ls $GUIX_LOCPATH/* »\n"
  6060. "# pour voir les noms utilisables.\n"
  6061. "LC_ALL=fr_FR.utf8\n"
  6062. "export LC_ALL\n"
  6063. #. type: Plain text
  6064. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3866
  6065. msgid "For convenience, @code{guix package} automatically generates @file{~/.guix-profile/etc/profile}, which defines all the environment variables necessary to use the packages---@code{PATH}, @code{C_INCLUDE_PATH}, @code{PYTHONPATH}, etc. Thus it's a good idea to source it from @code{/etc/profile}:"
  6066. msgstr "Pour votre confort, @code{guix package} génère automatiquement @file{~/.guix-profile/etc/profile}, qui définit toutes les variables d'environnement nécessaires pour utiliser les paquets : @code{PATH}, @code{C_INCLUDE_PATH}, @code{PYTHONPATH}, etc. Ainsi, il vaut mieux le sourcer à partir de @code{/etc/profile} :"
  6067. #. type: example
  6068. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3872
  6069. #, no-wrap
  6070. msgid ""
  6071. "GUIX_PROFILE=\"$HOME/.guix-profile\"\n"
  6072. "if [ -f \"$GUIX_PROFILE/etc/profile\" ]; then\n"
  6073. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE/etc/profile\"\n"
  6074. "fi\n"
  6075. msgstr ""
  6076. "GUIX_PROFILE=\"$HOME/.guix-profile\"\n"
  6077. "if [ -f \"$GUIX_PROFILE/etc/profile\" ]; then\n"
  6078. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE/etc/profile\"\n"
  6079. "fi\n"
  6080. #. type: Plain text
  6081. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3876
  6082. msgid "Last but not least, Guix provides command-line completion notably for Bash and zsh. In @code{/etc/bashrc}, consider adding this line:"
  6083. msgstr "Enfin, Guix propose la complétion des commandes notamment pour Bash et zsh. Dans @code{/etc/bashrc}, pensez à ajouter cette ligne :"
  6084. #. type: verbatim
  6085. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3879
  6086. #, no-wrap
  6087. msgid ". /var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/current-guix/etc/bash_completion.d/guix\n"
  6088. msgstr ". /var/guix/profiles/per-user/root/current-guix/etc/bash_completion.d/guix\n"
  6089. #. type: Plain text
  6090. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3882
  6091. msgid "Voilà!"
  6092. msgstr "Et voilà !"
  6093. #. type: Plain text
  6094. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3885
  6095. msgid "You can check that everything's in place by logging in on a compute node and running:"
  6096. msgstr "Vous pouvez vérifier que tout est en place en vous connectant à un nœud de calcul et en exécutant :"
  6097. #. type: example
  6098. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3888
  6099. #, no-wrap
  6100. msgid "guix install hello\n"
  6101. msgstr "guix install hello\n"
  6102. #. type: Plain text
  6103. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3894
  6104. msgid "The daemon on the head node should download pre-built binaries on your behalf and unpack them in @file{/gnu/store}, and @command{guix install} should create @file{~/.guix-profile} containing the @file{~/.guix-profile/bin/hello} command."
  6105. msgstr "Le démon sur le nœud principal devrait télécharger les binaires préconstruits pour vous et les déballer dans @file{/gnu/store} et @command{guix install} devrait créer un @file{~/.guix-profile} contenant la commande @file{~/.guix-profile/bin/hello}."
  6106. #. type: section
  6107. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3896
  6108. #, no-wrap
  6109. msgid "Network Access"
  6110. msgstr "Accès réseau"
  6111. #. type: Plain text
  6112. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3901
  6113. msgid "Guix requires network access to download source code and pre-built binaries. The good news is that only the head node needs that since compute nodes simply delegate to it."
  6114. msgstr "Guix a besoin d'un accès réseau pour télécharger le code source et les binaires préconstruits. La bonne nouvelle, c'est que seul le nœud principal en a besoin car les nœuds de calcul lui délèguent cette tâche."
  6115. #. type: Plain text
  6116. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3907
  6117. msgid "It is customary for cluster nodes to have access at best to a @emph{white list} of hosts. Our head node needs at least @code{ci.guix.gnu.org} in this white list since this is where it gets pre-built binaries from by default, for all the packages that are in Guix proper."
  6118. msgstr "Les nœuds d'une grappe ont traditionnellement accès au mieux à une liste blanche d'hôtes. Notre nœud principal a besoin au minimum que @code{ci.guix.gnu.org} soit dans cette liste car c'est là qu'il récupère les binaires préconstruits par défaut, pour tous les paquets dans Guix lui-même."
  6119. #. type: Plain text
  6120. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3912
  6121. msgid "Incidentally, @code{ci.guix.gnu.org} also serves as a @emph{content-addressed mirror} of the source code of those packages. Consequently, it is sufficient to have @emph{only} @code{ci.guix.gnu.org} in that white list."
  6122. msgstr "Au passage, @code{ci.guix.gnu.org} sert également de @emph{miroir addressé par le contenu} du code source de ces paquets. En conséquence, il suffit d'avoir @emph{uniquement} @code{ci.guix.gnu.org} dans cette liste blanche."
  6123. #. type: Plain text
  6124. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3921
  6125. msgid "Software packages maintained in a separate repository such as one of the various @uref{https://hpc.guix.info/channels, HPC channels} are of course unavailable from @code{ci.guix.gnu.org}. For these packages, you may want to extend the white list such that source and pre-built binaries (assuming this-party servers provide binaries for these packages) can be downloaded. As a last resort, users can always download source on their workstation and add it to the cluster's @file{/gnu/store}, like this:"
  6126. msgstr "Les paquets logiciels maintenus dans un dépôt séparé comme ceux des divers @uref{https://hpc.guix.info/channels, canaux HPC} ne sont bien sur pas disponibles sur @code{ci.guix.gnu.org}. Pour ces paquets, vous devriez étendre la liste blanche pour que les sources et les binaires préconstruits (en supposant que des serveurs tiers fournissent des binaires pour ces paquets) puissent être téléchargés. En dernier recours, les utilisateur·ices peuvent toujours télécharger les sources sur leur machine de travail et les ajouter au @file{/gnu/store} de la grappe, de cette manière :"
  6127. #. type: verbatim
  6128. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3925
  6129. #, no-wrap
  6130. msgid ""
  6131. "GUIX_DAEMON_SOCKET=ssh://compute-node.example.org \\\n"
  6132. " guix download http://starpu.gforge.inria.fr/files/starpu-1.2.3/starpu-1.2.3.tar.gz\n"
  6133. msgstr ""
  6134. "GUIX_DAEMON_SOCKET=ssh://compute-node.example.org \\\n"
  6135. " guix download http://starpu.gforge.inria.fr/files/starpu-1.2.3/starpu-1.2.3.tar.gz\n"
  6136. #. type: Plain text
  6137. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3929
  6138. msgid "The above command downloads @code{starpu-1.2.3.tar.gz} @emph{and} sends it to the cluster's @code{guix-daemon} instance over SSH."
  6139. msgstr "La commande ci-dessus télécharge @code{starpu-1.2.3.tar.gz} @emph{et} l'envoie à l'instance @code{guix-daemon} du nœud principal par SSH."
  6140. #. type: Plain text
  6141. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3936
  6142. msgid "Air-gapped clusters require more work. At the moment, our suggestion would be to download all the necessary source code on a workstation running Guix. For instance, using the @option{--sources} option of @command{guix build} (@pxref{Invoking guix build,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), the example below downloads all the source code the @code{openmpi} package depends on:"
  6143. msgstr "Les grappes sans connexion nécessitent plus de travail. Pour le moment, notre suggestion est de télécharger tout le code source nécessaire sur une station de travail qui exécute Guix. Par exemple, avec l'option @option{--sources} de @command{guix build} (@pxref{Invoquer guix build,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}), l'exemple ci-dessous télécharge tout le code source dont dépend le paquet @code{openmpi} :"
  6144. #. type: example
  6145. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3939
  6146. #, no-wrap
  6147. msgid ""
  6148. "$ guix build --sources=transitive openmpi\n"
  6149. "\n"
  6150. msgstr ""
  6151. "$ guix build --sources=transitive openmpi\n"
  6152. "\n"
  6153. #. type: example
  6154. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3941
  6155. #, no-wrap
  6156. msgid ""
  6157. "@dots{}\n"
  6158. "\n"
  6159. msgstr ""
  6160. "@dots{}\n"
  6161. "\n"
  6162. #. type: example
  6163. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3953
  6164. #, no-wrap
  6165. msgid ""
  6166. "/gnu/store/xc17sm60fb8nxadc4qy0c7rqph499z8s-openmpi-1.10.7.tar.bz2\n"
  6167. "/gnu/store/s67jx92lpipy2nfj5cz818xv430n4b7w-gcc-5.4.0.tar.xz\n"
  6168. "/gnu/store/npw9qh8a46lrxiwh9xwk0wpi3jlzmjnh-gmp-6.0.0a.tar.xz\n"
  6169. "/gnu/store/hcz0f4wkdbsvsdky3c0vdvcawhdkyldb-mpfr-3.1.5.tar.xz\n"
  6170. "/gnu/store/y9akh452n3p4w2v631nj0injx7y0d68x-mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz\n"
  6171. "/gnu/store/6g5c35q8avfnzs3v14dzl54cmrvddjm2-glibc-2.25.tar.xz\n"
  6172. "/gnu/store/p9k48dk3dvvk7gads7fk30xc2pxsd66z-hwloc-1.11.8.tar.bz2\n"
  6173. "/gnu/store/cry9lqidwfrfmgl0x389cs3syr15p13q-gcc-5.4.0.tar.xz\n"
  6174. "/gnu/store/7ak0v3rzpqm2c5q1mp3v7cj0rxz0qakf-libfabric-1.4.1.tar.bz2\n"
  6175. "/gnu/store/vh8syjrsilnbfcf582qhmvpg1v3rampf-rdma-core-14.tar.gz\n"
  6176. "…\n"
  6177. msgstr ""
  6178. "/gnu/store/xc17sm60fb8nxadc4qy0c7rqph499z8s-openmpi-1.10.7.tar.bz2\n"
  6179. "/gnu/store/s67jx92lpipy2nfj5cz818xv430n4b7w-gcc-5.4.0.tar.xz\n"
  6180. "/gnu/store/npw9qh8a46lrxiwh9xwk0wpi3jlzmjnh-gmp-6.0.0a.tar.xz\n"
  6181. "/gnu/store/hcz0f4wkdbsvsdky3c0vdvcawhdkyldb-mpfr-3.1.5.tar.xz\n"
  6182. "/gnu/store/y9akh452n3p4w2v631nj0injx7y0d68x-mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz\n"
  6183. "/gnu/store/6g5c35q8avfnzs3v14dzl54cmrvddjm2-glibc-2.25.tar.xz\n"
  6184. "/gnu/store/p9k48dk3dvvk7gads7fk30xc2pxsd66z-hwloc-1.11.8.tar.bz2\n"
  6185. "/gnu/store/cry9lqidwfrfmgl0x389cs3syr15p13q-gcc-5.4.0.tar.xz\n"
  6186. "/gnu/store/7ak0v3rzpqm2c5q1mp3v7cj0rxz0qakf-libfabric-1.4.1.tar.bz2\n"
  6187. "/gnu/store/vh8syjrsilnbfcf582qhmvpg1v3rampf-rdma-core-14.tar.gz\n"
  6188. "…\n"
  6189. #. type: Plain text
  6190. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3957
  6191. msgid "(In case you're wondering, that's more than 320@ MiB of @emph{compressed} source code.)"
  6192. msgstr "(Si vous vous posez la question, c'est plus de 320 Mio de code source compressé)"
  6193. #. type: Plain text
  6194. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3960
  6195. msgid "We can then make a big archive containing all of this (@pxref{Invoking guix archive,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}):"
  6196. msgstr "Nous pouvons ensuite créer une grosse archive contenant tout cela (@pxref{Invoquer guix archive,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) :"
  6197. #. type: verbatim
  6198. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3965
  6199. #, no-wrap
  6200. msgid ""
  6201. "$ guix archive --export \\\n"
  6202. " `guix build --sources=transitive openmpi` \\\n"
  6203. " > openmpi-source-code.nar\n"
  6204. msgstr ""
  6205. "$ guix archive --export \\\n"
  6206. " `guix build --sources=transitive openmpi` \\\n"
  6207. " > openmpi-source-code.nar\n"
  6208. #. type: Plain text
  6209. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3969
  6210. msgid "@dots{} and we can eventually transfer that archive to the cluster on removable storage and unpack it there:"
  6211. msgstr "@dots{} et nous pouvons enfin transférer cette archive vers la grappe avec une clé usb et la déballer :"
  6212. #. type: verbatim
  6213. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3972
  6214. #, no-wrap
  6215. msgid "$ guix archive --import < openmpi-source-code.nar\n"
  6216. msgstr "$ guix archive --import < openmpi-source-code.nar\n"
  6217. #. type: Plain text
  6218. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3976
  6219. msgid "This process has to be repeated every time new source code needs to be brought to the cluster."
  6220. msgstr "Ce processus doit être répété chaque fois qu'un nouveau code source doit être apporté à la grappe."
  6221. #. type: Plain text
  6222. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3980
  6223. msgid "As we write this, the research institutes involved in Guix-HPC do not have air-gapped clusters though. If you have experience with such setups, we would like to hear feedback and suggestions."
  6224. msgstr "Au moment d'écrire ces lignes, les instituts de recherche qui participent à Guix-HPC n'ont pas de grappe déconnectées. Si vous avez de l'expérience avec ce genre de configuration, nous aimerions entendre vos retours et vos suggestions."
  6225. #. type: section
  6226. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3982
  6227. #, no-wrap
  6228. msgid "Disk Usage"
  6229. msgstr "Utilisation du disque"
  6230. #. type: cindex
  6231. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3984
  6232. #, no-wrap
  6233. msgid "disk usage, on a cluster"
  6234. msgstr "utilisation du disque, sur une grappe de calcul"
  6235. #. type: Plain text
  6236. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3991
  6237. msgid "A common concern of sysadmins' is whether this is all going to eat a lot of disk space. If anything, if something is going to exhaust disk space, it's going to be scientific data sets rather than compiled software---that's our experience with almost ten years of Guix usage on HPC clusters. Nevertheless, it's worth taking a look at how Guix contributes to disk usage."
  6238. msgstr "Une inquiétude courante des administrateur·ices systèmes est de savoir si cela va prendre beaucoup de place. Si cela doit avoir lieu, les jeux de données scientifiques prendront plus probablement toute la place, plutôt que les logiciels compilés. C'est notre expérience après presque dix ans d'utilisation de Guix sur des grappes HPC. Néanmoins, il vaut mieux jeter un œil à la manière dont Guix contribue à l'utilisation du disque."
  6239. #. type: Plain text
  6240. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:3996
  6241. msgid "First, having several versions or variants of a given package in @file{/gnu/store} does not necessarily cost much, because @command{guix-daemon} implements deduplication of identical files, and package variants are likely to have a number of common files."
  6242. msgstr "Tout d'abord, avoir plusieurs versions ou variantes d'un paquet donné dans @file{/gnu/store} ne coûte pas forcément très cher, car @command{guix-daemon} implémente la déduplication des fichiers identiques et les variantes de paquets ont tendance à avoir de nombreux fichiers en commun."
  6243. #. type: Plain text
  6244. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4003
  6245. msgid "As mentioned above, we recommend having a cron job to run @code{guix gc} periodically, which removes @emph{unused} software from @file{/gnu/store}. However, there's always a possibility that users will keep lots of software in their profiles, or lots of old generations of their profiles, which is ``live'' and cannot be deleted from the viewpoint of @command{guix gc}."
  6246. msgstr "Comme nous l'avons mentionné plus haut, nous recommandons d'utiliser une tâche cron pour exécuter @code{guix gc} régulièrement, pour supprimer les logiciels @emph{inutilisés} de @file{/gnu/store}. Cependant, il est toujours possible que les utilisateur·ices gardent de nombreux logiciels dans leurs profils, qui sont « vivants » et ne peuvent pas être supprimés du point de vu de @command{guix gc}."
  6247. #. type: Plain text
  6248. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4007
  6249. msgid "The solution to this is for users to regularly remove old generations of their profile. For instance, the following command removes generations that are more than two-month old:"
  6250. msgstr "La solution à ce problème est de demander aux utilisateur·ices de régulièrement supprimer les anciennes générations de leurs profils. Par exemple, la commande suivante supprime les générations de plus de deux mois :"
  6251. #. type: example
  6252. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4010
  6253. #, no-wrap
  6254. msgid "guix package --delete-generations=2m\n"
  6255. msgstr "guix package --delete-generations=2m\n"
  6256. #. type: Plain text
  6257. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4015
  6258. msgid "Likewise, it's a good idea to invite users to regularly upgrade their profile, which can reduce the number of variants of a given piece of software stored in @file{/gnu/store}:"
  6259. msgstr "De même, il vaut mieux inviter les utilisateur·ices à régulièrement mettre à jour leur profil, ce qui peut réduire le nombre de variantes d'un logiciel donnés stockés dans @file{/gnu/store} :"
  6260. #. type: example
  6261. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4019
  6262. #, no-wrap
  6263. msgid ""
  6264. "guix pull\n"
  6265. "guix upgrade\n"
  6266. msgstr ""
  6267. "guix pull\n"
  6268. "guix upgrade\n"
  6269. #. type: Plain text
  6270. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4025
  6271. msgid "As a last resort, it is always possible for sysadmins to do some of this on behalf of their users. Nevertheless, one of the strengths of Guix is the freedom and control users get on their software environment, so we strongly recommend leaving users in control."
  6272. msgstr "En dernier recours, il est toujours possibles pour les administrateur·ices systèmes de le faire pour leurs utilisateur·ices. Néanmoins, l'une des forces de Guix est la liberté et le contrôle que ses utilisateur·ices ont sur leur environnement logiciel, donc nous vous recommandons fortement de les laisser aux manettes."
  6273. #. type: section
  6274. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4027
  6275. #, no-wrap
  6276. msgid "Security Considerations"
  6277. msgstr "Considérations de sécurité"
  6278. #. type: cindex
  6279. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4029
  6280. #, no-wrap
  6281. msgid "security, on a cluster"
  6282. msgstr "sécurité, sur une grappe"
  6283. #. type: Plain text
  6284. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4034
  6285. msgid "On an HPC cluster, Guix is typically used to manage scientific software. Security-critical software such as the operating system kernel and system services such as @code{sshd} and the batch scheduler remain under control of sysadmins."
  6286. msgstr "Sur un grappe PC, guix est généralement utilisé pour gérer des logiciels scientifiques. Les logiciels critiques pour la sécurité comme le noyau du système d'exploitation et les services systèmes comme @code{sshd} et l'ordonnanceur par lot restent sous votre contrôle."
  6287. #. type: Plain text
  6288. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4039
  6289. msgid "The Guix project has a good track record delivering security updates in a timely fashion (@pxref{Security Updates,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). To get security updates, users have to run @code{guix pull && guix upgrade}."
  6290. msgstr "Le projet Guix a un bon historique de délivrance de mises à jour de sécurité à temps (@pxref{Mises à jour de sécurité,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). Pour récupérer les mises à jour de sécurité, les utilisateur·ices doivent exécuter @code{guix pull && guix upgrade}."
  6291. #. type: Plain text
  6292. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4045
  6293. msgid "Because Guix uniquely identifies software variants, it is easy to see if a vulnerable piece of software is in use. For instance, to check whether the glibc@ 2.25 variant without the mitigation patch against ``@uref{https://www.qualys.com/2017/06/19/stack-clash/stack-clash.txt,Stack Clash}'', one can check whether user profiles refer to it at all:"
  6294. msgstr "Comme Guix identifie de manière unique les variantes des logiciels, il est facile de voir si un logiciel vulnérable est utilisé. Par exemple, pour vérifier si la variante glibc@@2.25 sans correctif d'atténuation de « @uref{https://www.qualys.com/2017/06/19/stack-clash/stack-clash.txt,Stack Clash} », on peut vérifier si les profils des utilisateur·ices s'y réfèrent ou non :"
  6295. #. type: example
  6296. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4048
  6297. #, no-wrap
  6298. msgid "guix gc --referrers /gnu/store/…-glibc-2.25\n"
  6299. msgstr "guix gc --referrers /gnu/store/…-glibc-2.25\n"
  6300. #. type: Plain text
  6301. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4052
  6302. msgid "This will report whether profiles exist that refer to this specific glibc variant."
  6303. msgstr "Cela rapportera si des profils qui se réfèrent à cette variante spécifique de glibc existent."
  6304. #. type: Plain text
  6305. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4065
  6306. msgid "Guix is based on the @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/, Nix package manager}, which was designed and implemented by Eelco Dolstra, with contributions from other people (see the @file{nix/AUTHORS} file in Guix.) Nix pioneered functional package management, and promoted unprecedented features, such as transactional package upgrades and rollbacks, per-user profiles, and referentially transparent build processes. Without this work, Guix would not exist."
  6307. msgstr "Guix se base sur le @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/ gestionnaire de paquets Nix} conçu et implémenté par Eelco Dolstra, avec des contributions d'autres personnes (voir le fichier @file{nix/AUTHORS} dans Guix). Nix a inventé la gestion de paquet fonctionnelle et promu des fonctionnalités sans précédents comme les mises à jour de paquets transactionnelles et les retours en arrière, les profils par utilisateurs et les processus de constructions transparents pour les références. Sans ce travail, Guix n'existerait pas."
  6308. #. type: Plain text
  6309. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4068
  6310. msgid "The Nix-based software distributions, Nixpkgs and NixOS, have also been an inspiration for Guix."
  6311. msgstr "Les distributions logicielles basées sur Nix, Nixpkgs et NixOS, ont aussi été une inspiration pour Guix."
  6312. #. type: Plain text
  6313. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4074
  6314. msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix itself is a collective work with contributions from a number of people. See the @file{AUTHORS} file in Guix for more information on these fine people. The @file{THANKS} file lists people who have helped by reporting bugs, taking care of the infrastructure, providing artwork and themes, making suggestions, and more---thank you!"
  6315. msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix lui-même est un travail collectif avec des contributions d'un grand nombre de personnes. Voyez le fichier @file{AUTHORS} dans Guix pour plus d'information sur ces personnes de qualité. Le fichier @file{THANKS} liste les personnes qui ont aidé en rapportant des bogues, en prenant soin de l'infrastructure, en fournissant des images et des thèmes, en faisant des suggestions et bien plus. Merci !"
  6316. #. type: Plain text
  6317. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4079
  6318. msgid "This document includes adapted sections from articles that have previously been published on the Guix blog at @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog} and on the Guix-HPC blog at @uref{https://hpc.guix.info/blog}."
  6319. msgstr "Ce document contient des sections adaptées d'articles précédemment publiés sur le blog de Guix sur @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog} et le blog de Guix-HPC sur @uref{https://hpc.guix.info/blog}."
  6320. #. type: cindex
  6321. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4084
  6322. #, no-wrap
  6323. msgid "license, GNU Free Documentation License"
  6324. msgstr "licence, GNU Free Documentation License"
  6325. #. type: include
  6326. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:4085
  6327. #, no-wrap
  6328. msgid "fdl-1.3.texi"
  6329. msgstr "fdl-1.3.texi"
  6330. #~ msgid "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
  6331. #~ msgstr "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
  6332. #~ msgid "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
  6333. #~ msgstr "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
  6334. #~ msgid "Note: Starting from Guix 0.16, the more flexible Guix @dfn{channels} are the preferred way and supersede @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. See next section."
  6335. #~ msgstr "Remarque : à partir de Guix 0.16, les @dfn{canaux} plus flexibles sont préférables et remplacent @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. Voir la section suivante."
  6336. #~ msgid "It can be tedious to specify the file from the command line instead of simply calling @code{guix package --install my-hello} as you would do with the official packages."
  6337. #~ msgstr "Il peut être fastidieux de spécifier le fichier depuis la ligne de commande par rapport à un appel à @code{guix package --install my-hello} comme on le ferait pour les paquets officiels."
  6338. #~ msgid "Guix makes it possible to streamline the process by adding as many ``package declaration directories'' as you want."
  6339. #~ msgstr "Guix permet d'uniformiser le processus en ajoutant autant de « répertoires de déclaration de paquets » que vous le souhaitez."
  6340. #~ msgid "Create a directory, say @file{~/guix-packages} and add it to the @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} environment variable:"
  6341. #~ msgstr "Créez un répertoire, disons @file{~/guix-packages} et ajoutez-le à la variable d'environnement @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} :"
  6342. #~ msgid ""
  6343. #~ "$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
  6344. #~ "$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
  6345. #~ msgstr ""
  6346. #~ "$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
  6347. #~ "$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
  6348. #~ msgid "To add several directories, separate them with a colon (@code{:})."
  6349. #~ msgstr "Pour ajouter plusieurs répertoires, séparez-les avec un deux-points (@code{:})."
  6350. #~ msgid "Our previous @samp{my-hello} needs some adjustments though:"
  6351. #~ msgstr "Notre @samp{my-hello} précédent doit être légèrement ajusté :"
  6352. #~ msgid "Now @samp{my-hello} should be part of the package collection like all other official packages. You can verify this with:"
  6353. #~ msgstr "Maintenant @samp{my-hello} devrait faire partie de la collection de paquets comme tous les paquets officiels. Vous pouvez le vérifier avec :"
  6354. #~ msgid "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
  6355. #~ msgstr "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
  6356. #~ msgid "Guix 0.16 features channels, which is very similar to @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} but provides better integration and provenance tracking. Channels are not necessarily local, they can be maintained as a public Git repository for instance. Of course, several channels can be used at the same time."
  6357. #~ msgstr "Guix 0.16 a introduit la notion de canaux, qui sont similaires à @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} mais fournit une meilleure intégration et un meilleur suivi de la provenance. Les canaux ne sont pas nécessairement locaux et ils peuvent être maintenus dans un dépôt Git public par exemple. Bien sûr, vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs canaux en même temps."
  6358. #~ msgid "Learn the basics of Scheme"
  6359. #~ msgstr "Apprenez les bases du langage Scheme"
  6360. #~ msgid "Let's add a package to Guix!"
  6361. #~ msgstr "Ajoutons un paquet à Guix !"
  6362. #~ msgid "Running Guix on a Linode Server. Running Guix on a Linode Server"
  6363. #~ msgstr "Lancer Guix sur un serveur Linode"
  6364. #~ msgid "An @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, unofficial ebook} is also available."
  6365. #~ msgstr "Un @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, ebook non officiel} est aussi disponible."
  6366. #~ msgid "One of the reference Scheme books is the seminal ``Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs'', by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman, with Julie Sussman. You'll find a @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html, free copy online}, together with @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, videos of the lectures by the authors}. The book is available in Texinfo format as the @code{sicp} Guix package. Go ahead, run @code{guix install sicp} and start reading with @code{info sicp} (@pxref{Top,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}). An @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, unofficial ebook is also available}."
  6367. #~ msgstr "L'un des livres de référence majeurs pour Scheme est « Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs » de Harold Abelson et Gerald Jay Sussman, avec Julie Sussman. Vous trouverez une @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html,copie gratuite en ligne}, avec @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, les vidéos des cours donnés par les auteurs, en anglais}. Le livre est disponible au format Texinfo dans le paquet Guix @code{sicp}. Allez-y, lancez @code{guix install sicp} et commencez à le lire avec @code{info sicp} (@pxref{Top,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}). Un @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/,livre électronique officieux est aussi disponible}."
  6368. #~ msgid "A Guix profile can be set up @emph{via} a so-called @emph{manifest specification} that looks like this:"
  6369. #~ msgstr "On peut créer un profil Guix avec une @emph{spécification de manifeste} qui ressemble à ceci :"
  6370. #~ msgid "@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for the syntax details."
  6371. #~ msgstr "@pxref{Invoquer guix package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour les détails sur la syntaxe."
  6372. #~ msgid "First, a syntactic comment: See the quasi-quote / comma syntax?"
  6373. #~ msgstr "Tout d'abord, un commentaire sur la syntaxe : vous voyez la quasiquote (la virgule) ?"
  6374. #~ msgid ""
  6375. #~ " (native-inputs\n"
  6376. #~ " `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
  6377. #~ msgstr ""
  6378. #~ " (native-inputs\n"
  6379. #~ " `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
  6380. #~ msgid "is equivalent to"
  6381. #~ msgstr "est équivalent à"
  6382. #~ msgid ""
  6383. #~ " (native-inputs\n"
  6384. #~ " (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
  6385. #~ msgstr ""
  6386. #~ " (native-inputs\n"
  6387. #~ " (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
  6388. #~ msgid "You'll mostly see the former because it's shorter."
  6389. #~ msgstr "Vous verrez surtout la première forme car elle est plus courte."
  6390. #~ msgid "Power the Linode down. In the Linode's Disks/Configurations tab, resize the Debian disk to be smaller. 30 GB is recommended."
  6391. #~ msgstr "Éteignez le serveur Linode. Dans l'onglet Disks/Configurations de Linode, redimensionnez le disque Debian pour être plus petit. Nous vous recommandons de choisir 30 Go."
  6392. #~ msgid "In the Linode settings, \"Add a disk\", with the following:"
  6393. #~ msgstr "Dans les paramètres de Linode, « Add a disk » avec ce qui suit :"
  6394. #~ msgid "On the \"configuration\" field that comes with the default image, press \"...\" and select \"Edit\", then on that menu add to @file{/dev/sdc} the \"Guix\" label."
  6395. #~ msgstr "Dans le champ « configuration » de l'image par défaut, cliquez sur « … » et choisissez « Edit », puis sur le menu ajoutez l'étiquette « Guix » à @file{/dev/sdc}."
  6396. #~ msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel"
  6397. #~ msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé"