dragora-website/en/manual/dragora-handbook.txt

1 About this handbook
  1.1 Typographic conventions
Revision history (ChangeLog)
2 What is Dragora?
  2.1 Free software
  2.2 GNU
  2.3 Linux and Linux-libre
3 Why should I use Dragora?
4 History
  4.1 Releases
5 Maintainers
6 A quick glance at Dragora
7 Boot options from live medium
8 Using dragora-installer
9 Installing the system manually (as an alternative)
10 Introduction to package management in Dragora
11 Package management in a nutshell
Using third-party free software
12 Introduction to Qi
13 Invoking qi
14 The qirc file
15 Packages
  15.1 Package conflicts
  15.2 Installing packages
  15.3 Removing packages
  15.4 Upgrading packages
    15.4.1 Package blacklist
16 Recipes
  16.1 Variables
  16.2 Special variables
  16.3 Writing recipes
  16.4 Building packages
  16.5 Variables from the environment
  16.6 The meta file
17 Order files
18 Creating packages
19 Examining packages
20 Qi exit status
21 Getting support
22 Contributing to Dragora
  22.1 How to place a mirror
Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License
Index
Dragora 3.0 Handbook
********************

This Handbook is for Dragora (version 3.0, initial revision, 26 Apr
2023).


   Copyright © 2020-2023 The Dragora Team.

   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

1 About this handbook
*********************

TODO (Add intro + versioning scheme paragraph).

1.1 Typographic conventions
===========================

TODO (appendix).

Revision history (ChangeLog)
****************************

TODO (appendix).

2 What is Dragora?
******************

*Dragora* is an independent GNU/Linux distribution project which was
created from scratch with the intention of providing a reliable
operating system with maximum respect for the user by including entirely
free software.  *Dragora* is based on the concepts of simplicity and
elegance, it offers a user-friendly Unix-like environment with emphasis
on stability and security for long-term durability.

   To put it in a nutshell, *Dragora* is...
   * Minimalist.
   * Free as in freedom.
   * Getting better by the day.
   * A whole lot of fun (not suitable for old vinegars).

   Some of the features of Dragora are:

   * SysV init as the classic, documented initialization program (PID
     1).
   * Perp to reliably start, monitor, log and control "critical" system
     daemons.
   * Lightweight alternatives to popular free software; i.e, musl libc,
     libressl, mksh, scron, pkgconf.
   * The Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE).
   * Window managers such as TWM, DWM.
   * Graft for managing multiple packages under a single directory
     hierarchy using symbolic links mechanisms.
   * Qi as a simple local package manager that complements Graft to
     create, install, remove and upgrade software packages.

2.1 Free software
=================

TODO.

2.2 GNU
=======

TODO.

2.3 Linux and Linux-libre
=========================

TODO.

3 Why should I use Dragora?
***************************

We cannot and do not intend to decide for you, we can only cite what we
believe to be Dragora's main strengths:

   * *Independent*: As mentioned before, Dragora is an independent
     project, this means that it is based on a voluntary basis where one
     or more people share the same direction or intentions for the sake
     of the project and in benefit of the free software community.  But
     above all, it is not a purely commercial project or one that is
     made by a company, where they have commercial interests, and where
     many times they will do anything to catch you and see your face for
     their selfish business.

   * *Simple:* The underlying concept of Dragora's design philosophy is
     simplicity: KISS, "Keep It Simple, Stupid!".  This principle, which
     derives from what is known as "Ockham's razor," was developed by
     the first modern critical philosopher: William of Ockham.  We
     believe this concept represents the traditional UNIX philosophy -
     so we don't add functionality unnecessarily, nor do we duplicate
     information.

   * *Ethical:* We try to ensure that the included software is
     completely free and allows you to legally run, copy, distribute,
     study, change and improve the software.

   * *Language:* Native support.

   * *Community:* Dragora is not a closed project.  On the contrary,
     anyone person with good intentions is welcome - and encouraged!  -
     to join and help.

4 History
*********

Development of Dragora started in 2007 by Matias Andres Fonzo from
Santiago del Estero, Argentina.  After one year of hard work, the first
beta of Dragora was released on June 13, 2008, which contained the basic
GNU toolset, boot scripts, package system, and an installer.  Whereas
the intention was to achieve a 100% "free" as in freedom GNU/Linux
distribution from the beginning, this very first version was not fully
free (or libre) since all parts were free software, except for the Linux
Kernel due to blobs or non-free parts.  Fortunately, the Linux-Libre
project appears that same year, which removes or cleans the non-free
parts of the official versions of the Linux Kernel.  This led to the
second beta of Dragora on September 18, 2008; completing distribution's
freedom by replacing the Kernel, and becoming the first one available to
the public.  Ongoing work to provide a more complete distribution would
result in the stable release of Dragora 1.0, achieved on March 13, 2009.
The series ends with the massive update plus fixes and added software
for version 1.1 released on October 8, 2009.

   Design of this series was based on a traditional GNU/Linux scheme
with SysVinit as the init system but using BSD-style boot scripts.  The
package system, the installer, the text menu-mode tools and the boot
scripts were all written using the syntax and the features offered by
GNU Bash.  Initially the binary packages were provided in .tbz2 format
(files compressed with bzip2 and packaged using GNU Tar) which later
migrated to the .tlz format (files compressed with lzip for a higher
compression plus very safe integrity checking).  Dragora's installer
offered the option of several languages (translations produced by the
community) to choose between English, Galician, Italian, and Spanish.  A
second CD included the packages for the K Desktop Environment (KDE) 3
series.

4.1 Releases
============

Below are the dates and code names used for all the Dragora releases:

   * _*Dragora 1.0 Beta 1:* June 13th, 2008 - "hell"._
   * _*Dragora 1.0 Beta 2:* September 18th, 2008._
   * _*Dragora 1.0 Release Candidate 1:* February 12th, 2009._
   * _*Dragora 1.0 Stable:* March 13th, 2009 - "starlight"._
   * _*Dragora 1.1 Release Candidate 1:* August 25th, 2009._
   * _*Dragora 1.1 Stable:* October 8th, 2009 - "stargazer"._
   * _*Dragora 2.0 Release Candidate 1:* January 24th, 2010._
   * _*Dragora 2.0 Release Candidate 2:* March 28th, 2010._
   * _*Dragora 2.0 Stable:* April 13th, 2010 - "ardi"._
   * _*Dragora 2.1 Release Candidate 1:* December 4th, 2010._
   * _*Dragora 2.1 Stable:* December 31st, 2010 - "dio"._
   * _*Dragora 2.2 Release Candidate 1:* March 2nd, 2012._
   * _*Dragora 2.2 Stable:* April 21st, 2012 - "rafaela"._
   * _*Dragora 3.0 Alpha 1:* December 31st, 2017._
   * _*Dragora 3.0 Alpha 2:* September 28th, 2018._
   * _*Dragora 3.0 Beta 1:* October 16th, 2019._

5 Maintainers
*************

TODO.

6 A quick glance at Dragora
***************************

TODO.

7 Boot options from live medium
*******************************

TODO.

8 Using dragora-installer
*************************

TODO.

9 Installing the system manually (as an alternative)
****************************************************

TODO.

10 Introduction to package management in Dragora
************************************************

TODO.

11 Package management in a nutshell
***********************************

TODO.

Using third-party free software
*******************************

TODO (appendix).

12 Introduction to Qi
*********************

Qi is a simple but well-integrated package manager.  It can create,
install, remove, and upgrade software packages.  Qi produces binary
packages using recipes, which are files containing specific instructions
to build each package from source.  Qi can manage multiple packages
under a single directory hierarchy.  This method allows to maintain a
set of packages and multiple versions of them.  This means that Qi could
be used as the main package manager or complement the existing one.

   Qi offers a friendly command line interface, a global configuration
file, a simple recipe layout to deploy software packages; also works
with binary packages in parallel, speeding up installations and packages
in production.  The format used for packages is a simplified and safer
variant of POSIX pax archive compressed in lzip format.

   Qi is a modern (POSIX-compliant) shell script released under the
terms of the GNU General Public License.  There are only two major
dependencies for the magic: graft(1) and tarlz(1), the rest is expected
to be found in any Unix-like system.

13 Invoking qi
**************

This chapter describes the synopsis for invoking Qi.

     Usage: qi COMMAND [OPTION...] [FILE]...

One mandatory command specifies the operation that 'qi' should perform,
options are meant to detail how this operation should be performed
during or after the process.

Qi supports the following commands:

'warn'
     Warn about files that will be installed.

'install'
     Install packages.

'remove'
     Remove packages.

'upgrade'
     Upgrade packages.

'extract'
     Extract packages for debugging purposes.

'create'
     Create a .tlz package from directory.

'build'
     Build packages using recipe names.

'order'
     Resolve build order through .order files

Options when installing, removing, or upgrading software packages:

'-f'
'--force'
     Force upgrade of pre-existing packages.

'-k'
'--keep'
     Keep directories when build/remove/upgrade.

     Keep (don't delete) the package directory when using remove/upgrade
     command.

     This will also try to preserve the directories '${srcdir}' and
     '${destdir}' when using build command.  Its effect is available in
     recipes as '${keep_srcdir}' and '${keep_destdir}'.  See *note
     Special variables: Recipes. for details.

'-p'
'--prune'
     Prune conflicts.

'-P'
'--packagedir=<dir>'
     Set directory for package installations.

'-t'
'--targetdir=<dir>'
     Set target directory for symbolic links.

'-r'
'--rootdir=<dir>'
     Use the fully qualified named directory as the root directory for
     all qi operations.

     Note: the target directory and the package directory will be
     relative to the specified directory, excepting the graft log file.

Options when building software packages using recipes:

'-a'
'--architecture'
     Set architecture name for the package.

'-j'
'--jobs'
     Parallel jobs for the compiler.

     This option sets the variable '${jobs}'.  If not specified, default
     sets to 1.

'-S'
'--skip-questions'
     Skip questions on completed recipes.

'-1'
'--increment'
     Increment release number ('${release}' + 1).

     The effect of this option will be omitted if -no-package is being
     used.

'-n'
'--no-package'
     Do not create a .tlz package.

'-i'
'--install'
     Install package after the build.

'-u'
'--upgrade'
     Upgrade package after the build.

'-o'
'--outdir=<dir>'
     Where the packages produced will be written.

     This option sets the variable '${outdir}'.

'-w'
'--worktree=<dir>'
     Where archives, patches, recipes are expected.

     This option sets the variable '${worktree}'.

'-s'
'--sourcedir=<dir>'
     Where compressed sources will be found.

     This option sets the variable '${tardir}'.

Other options:

'-v'
'--verbose'
     Be verbose (an extra -v gives more).

     It sets the verbosity level, default sets to 0.

     The value 1 is used for more verbosity while the value 2 is too
     detailed.  Although at the moment it is limited to graft(1)
     verbosity.

'-N'
'--no-rc'
     Do not read the configuration file.

     This will ignore reading the qirc file.

'-L'
'--show-location'
     Print default directory locations and exit.

     This will print the target directory, package directory, working
     tree, the directory for sources, and the output directory for the
     packages produced.  The output will appear on STDOUT as follows:

          QI_TARGETDIR=/usr/local
          QI_PACKAGEDIR=/usr/local/pkgs
          QI_WORKTREE=/usr/src/qi
          QI_TARDIR=/usr/src/qi/sources
          QI_OUTDIR=/var/cache/qi/packages

     You can set these environment variables using one of the following
     methods:

     'eval "$(qi -L)"'

     This will display the default locations taking into account the
     values set from the qirc configuration file.  You can deny the
     influence of the configuration file by setting the option '-N'.

     'eval "$(qi -N -L)"'

     Or you can adjust the new locations using the command-line options,
     e.g:

     'eval "$(qi -N --targetdir=/directory -L)"'

'-h'
'--help'
     Display the usage and exit.

'-V'
'--version'

     This will print the (short) version information and then exit.

     The same can be achieved if Qi is invoked as 'qi version'.

   When FILE is -, qi can read from the standard input.  See examples
from the *note Packages:: section.

   Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for minor common errors (help
usage, support not available, etc), 2 to indicate a command execution
error; 3 for integrity check error on compressed files, 4 for empty, not
regular, or expected files, 5 for empty or not defined variables, 6 when
a package already exist, 10 for network manager errors.  For more
details, see the *note Qi exit status:: section.

14 The qirc file
****************

The global 'qirc' file offers a way to define variables and tools (such
as a download manager) for default use.  This file is used by qi at
runtime, e.g., to build, install, remove or upgrade packages.

   Variables and their possible values must be declared as any other
variable in the shell.

The command line options related to the package directory and target
directory and some of the command line options used for the build
command, have the power to override the values declared on 'qirc'.  See
*note Invoking qi::.

The order in which qi looks for this file is:

  1. '${HOME}/.qirc' Effective user.

  2. '${sysconfdir}/qirc' System-wide.

   If you intend to run qi as effective user, the file
'${sysconfdir}/qirc' could be copied to '${HOME}/.qirc' setting the
paths for '${packagedir}' and '${targetdir}' according to the '$HOME'.

15 Packages
***********

A package is a suite of programs usually distributed in binary form
which may also contain manual pages, documentation, or any other file
associated to a specific software.

   The package format used by qi is a simplified POSIX pax archive
compressed using lzip(1).  The file extension for packages ends in
'.tlz'.

Both package installation and package de-installation are managed using
two important (internal) variables: '${packagedir}' and '${targetdir}',
these values can be changed in the configuration file or via options.

   '${packagedir}' is a common directory tree where the package contents
will be decompressed (will reside).

   '${targetdir}' is a target directory where the links will be made by
graft(1) taking '${packagedir}/package_name' into account.

Packages are installed in self-contained directory trees and symbolic
links from a common area are made to the package files.  This allows
multiple versions of the same package to coexist on the same system.

15.1 Package conflicts
======================

All the links to install or remove a package are handled by graft(1).
Since multiple packages can be installed or removed at the same time,
certain conflicts may arise between the packages.

graft(2) defines a CONFLICT as one of the following conditions:

   * If the package object is a directory and the target object exists
     but is not a directory.

   * If the package object is not a directory and the target object
     exists and is not a symbolic link.

   * If the package object is not a directory and the target object
     exists and is a symbolic link to something other than the package
     object.

The default behavior of qi for an incoming package is to ABORT if a
conflict arises.  When a package is going to be deleted, qi tells to
graft(1) to remove those parts that are not in conflict, leaving the
links to the belonging package.  This behavior can be forced if the
-prune option is given.

15.2 Installing packages
========================

To install a single package, simply type:

     qi install coreutils_8.30_i586-1@tools.tlz

To install multiple packages at once, type:

     qi install gcc_8.3.0_i586-1@devel.tlz rafaela_2.2_i586-1@legacy.tlz ...

Warn about the files that will be linked:

     qi warn bash_5.0_i586-1@shells.tlz

   This is to verify the content of a package before installing it.

See the process of an installation:

     qi install --verbose mariana_3.0_i586-1@woman.tlz

   A second -verbose or -v option gives more (very verbose).

Installing package in a different location:

     qi install --rootdir=/media/floppy lzip_1.21_i586-1@compressors.tlz

   Important: the -rootdir option assumes '${targetdir}' and
'${packagedir}'.  See the following example:

     qi install --rootdir=/home/selk lzip_1.21_i586-1@compressors.tlz

   The content of "lzip_1.21_i586-1@compressors.tlz" will be
decompressed into '/home/selk/pkgs/lzip_1.21_i586-1@compressors'.
Assuming that the main binary for lzip is under
'/home/selk/pkgs/lzip_1.21_i586-1@compressors/usr/bin/' the target for
"usr/bin" will be created at '/home/selk'.  Considering that you have
exported the 'PATH' as '${HOME}/usr/bin', now the system is able to see
the recent lzip command.

Installing from a list of packages using standard input:

     qi install - < PACKAGELIST.txt

   Or in combination with another tool:
     sort -u PACKAGELIST.txt | qi install -

   The sort command will read and sorts the list of declared packages,
while trying to have unique entries for each statement.  The output
produced is captured by Qi to install each package.

   An example of a list containing package names is:
     /var/cache/qi/packages/amd64/tcl_8.6.9_amd64-1@devel.tlz
     /var/cache/qi/packages/amd64/tk_8.6.9.1_amd64-1@devel.tlz
     /var/cache/qi/packages/amd64/vala_0.42.3_amd64-1@devel.tlz

15.3 Removing packages
======================

To remove a package, simply type:

     qi remove xz_5.2.4_i586-1@compressors.tlz

Remove command will match the package name using '${packagedir}' as
prefix.  For example, if the value of '${packagedir}' has been set to
/usr/pkg, this will be equal to:

     qi remove /usr/pkg/xz_5.2.4_i586-1@compressors

Detailed output:

     qi remove --verbose /usr/pkg/xz_5.2.4_i586-1@compressors

   A second -verbose or -v option gives more (very verbose).

By default the remove command does not preserve a package directory
after removing its links from '${targetdir}', but this behavior can be
changed if the -keep option is passed:

     qi remove --keep /usr/pkg/lzip_1.21_i586-1@compressors

   This means that the links to the package can be reactivated, later:

     cd /usr/pkg && graft -i lzip_1.21_i586-1@compressors

Removing package from a different location:

     qi remove --rootdir=/home/cthulhu xz_5.2.4_i586-1@compressors

Removing a package using standard input:

     echo vala_0.42.3_amd64-1@devel | qi remove -

   This will match with the package directory.

15.4 Upgrading packages
=======================

The upgrade command inherits the properties of the installation and
removal process.  To make sure that a package is updated, the package is
installed in a temporary directory taking '${packagedir}' into account.
Once the incoming package is pre-installed, qi can proceed to search and
delete packages that have the same name (considered as previous ones).
Finally, the package is re-installed at its final location and the
temporary directory is removed.

   Since updating a package can be crucial and so to perform a
successful upgrade, from start to finish, you will want to ignore some
important system signals during the upgrade process, those signals are
SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGABRT, and SIGTERM.

To upgrade a package, just type:

     qi upgrade gcc_9.0.1_i586-1@devel.tlz

   This will proceed to upgrade "gcc_9.0.1_i586-1@devel" removing any
other version of "gcc" (if any).

If you want to keep the package directories of versions found during the
upgrade process, just pass:

     qi upgrade --keep gcc_9.0.1_i586-1@devel.tlz

To see the upgrade process:

     qi upgrade --verbose gcc_9.0.1_i586-1@devel.tlz

   A second -verbose or -v option gives more (very verbose).

To force the upgrade of an existing package:

     qi upgrade --force gcc_9.0.1_i586-1@devel.tlz

15.4.1 Package blacklist
------------------------

To implement general package facilities, either to install, remove or
maintain the hierarchy of packages in a clean manner, qi makes use of
the pruning operation via graft(1) by default:

   There is a risk if those are crucial packages for the proper
functioning of the system, because it implies the deactivation of
symbolic from the target directory, _especially_ when transitioning an
incoming package into its final location during an upgrade.

A blacklist of package names has been devised for the case where a user
decides to upgrade all the packages in the system, or just the crucial
ones, such as the C library.

   The blacklist is related to the upgrade command only, consists in
installing a package instead of updating it or removing previous
versions of it; the content of the package will be updated over the
existing content at '${packagedir}', while the existing links from
'${targetdir}' will be preserved.  A pruning of links will be carried
out in order to re-link possible differences with the recent content,
this helps to avoid leaving dead links in the target directory.

Package names for the blacklist to be declared must be set from the
configuration file.  By default, it is declared using the package name,
which is more than enough for critical system packages, but if you want
to be more specific, you can declare a package using:
'${pkgname}_${pkgversion}_${arch}-${release}' where the package category
is avoided for common matching.  See *note Special variables: Recipes.
for a description of these variables.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) For more details about tarlz and the lzip format, visit
<https://lzip.nongnu.org/tarlz.html>.

   (2) The official guide for Graft can be found at
<https://peters.gormand.com.au/Home/tools/graft/graft.html>.

16 Recipes
**********

A recipe is a file telling qi what to do.  Most often, the recipe tells
qi how to build a binary package from a source tarball.

   A recipe has two parts: a list of variable definitions and a list of
sections.  By convention, the syntax of a section is:

     section_name()
     {
         section lines
     }

   The section name is followed by parentheses, one newline and an
opening brace.  The line finishing the section contains just a closing
brace.  The section names or the function names currently recognized are
'build'.

   The 'build' section (or *shell function*) is an augmented shell
script that contains the main instructions to build software from
source.

   If there are other functions defined by the packager, Qi detects them
for later execution.

16.1 Variables
==============

A "variable" is a *shell variable* defined either in 'qirc' or in a
recipe to represent a string of text, called the variable's "value".
These values are substituted by explicit request in the definitions of
other variables or in calls to external commands.

   Variables can represent lists of file names, options to pass to
compilers, programs to run, directories to look in for source files,
directories to write output to, or anything else you can imagine.

   Definitions of variables in qi have four levels of precedence.
Options which define variables from the command-line override those
specified in the 'qirc' file, while variables defined in the recipe
override those specified in 'qirc', taking priority over those variables
set by command-line options.  Finally, the variables have default values
if they are not defined anywhere.

   Options that set variables through the command-line can only
reference variables defined in 'qirc' and variables with default values.

   Definitions of variables in 'qirc' can only reference variables
previously defined in 'qirc' and variables with default values.

   Definitions of variables in the recipe can only reference variables
set by the command-line, variables previously defined in the recipe,
variables defined in 'qirc', and variables with default values.

16.2 Special variables
======================

There are variables which can only be set using the command line options
or via 'qirc', there are other special variables which can be defined or
redefined in a recipe.  See the following definitions:

   'outdir' is the directory where the packages produced are written.
This variable can be redefined per-recipe.  Default sets to
'/var/cache/qi/packages'.

   'worktree' is the working tree where archives, patches, and recipes
are expected.  This variable can not be redefined in the recipe.
Default sets to '/usr/src/qi'.

   'tardir' is defined in the recipe to the directory where the tarball
containing the source can be found.  The full name of the tarball is
composed as '${tardir}/$tarname'.  Its value is available in the recipe
as '${tardir}'; a value of .  for 'tardir' sets it to the value of CWD
(Current Working Directory), this is where the recipe lives.

   'arch' is the architecture to compose the package name.  Its value is
available in the recipe as '${arch}'.  Default value is the one that was
set in the Qi configuration.

   'jobs' is the number of parallel jobs to pass to the compiler.  Its
value is available in the recipe as '${jobs}'.  The default value is 1.

   The two variables '${srcdir}' and '${destdir}' can be set in the
recipe, as any other variable, but if they are not, qi uses default
values for them when building a package.

   'srcdir' contains the source code to be compiled, and defaults to
'${program}-${version}'.  'destdir' is the place where the built package
will be installed, and defaults to '${TMPDIR}/package-${program}'.

   If 'pkgname' is left undefined, the special variable 'program' is
assigned by default.  If 'pkgversion' is left undefined, the special
variable 'version' is assigned by default.

   'pkgname' and 'pkgversion' along with: 'version', 'arch', 'release',
and (optionally) 'pkgcategory' are used to produce the package name in
the form:
'${pkgname}_${pkgversion}_${arch}-${release}[@${pkgcategory}].tlz'

   'pkgcategory' is an optional special variable that can be defined on
the recipe to categorize the package name.  If it is defined, then the
package output will be composed as
'${pkgname}_${pkgversion}_${arch}-${release}[@${pkgcategory}.tlz'.
Automatically, the value of 'pkgcategory' will be prefixed using the '@'
(at) symbol which will be added to the last part of the package name.

   A special variable called 'replace' can be used to declare package
names that will be replaced at installation time.

   The special variables 'keep_srcdir' and 'keep_destdir' are provided
in order to preserve the directories '${srcdir}' or '${destdir}', if
those exists as such.  Note: The declaration of these variables are
subject to manual deactivation; its purpose in recipes is to preserve
the directories that relate to the package's build (source) and
destination directory, that is so that another recipe can get a new
package (or meta package) from there.  For example, the declarations can
be done as:

     keep_srcdir=keep_srcdir
     keep_destdir=keep_destdir

   Then from another recipe you would proceed to copy the necessary
files that will compose the meta package, from the main function you
must deactivate the variables at the end:

     unset -v keep_srcdir keep_destdir

   This will leave the 'keep_srcdir' and 'keep_destdir' variables blank
to continue with the rest of the recipes.

   The special variable 'opt_skiprecipe' is available when you need to
ignore a recipe cleanly, continuing with the next recipe.  May you add a
conditional test then set it as 'opt_skiprecipe=opt_skiprecipe'.

   The variable 'tarlz_compression_options' can be used to change the
default compression options in tarlz(1), default sets to '-9 --solid'.
For example if the variable is declared as:

     tarlz_compression_options="-0 --bsolid"

   It will change the granularity of tarlz(1) by using the '--bsolid'
option (1), as well as increasing the compression speed by lowering the
compression level with '-0'.

   This is only recommended for recipes where testing, or faster
processing is desired to create the packaged file more quickly.  It is
not recommended for production or general distribution of binary
packages.

A typical recipe contains the following variables:

   * 'program': Software name.

     It matches the source name.  It is also used to compose the name of
     the package if '${pkgname}' is not specified.

   * 'version': Software version.

     It matches the source name.  It is also used to compose the version
     of the package if '${pkgversion}' is not specified.

   * 'arch': Software architecture.

     It is used to compose the architecture of the package in which it
     is build.

   * 'release': Release number.

     This is used to reflect the release number of the package.  It is
     recommended to increase this number after any significant change in
     the recipe or post-install script.

   * 'pkgcategory': Package category.

     Optional but recommended variable to categorize the package name
     when it is created.

Obtaining sources over the network must be declared in the recipe using
the 'fetch' variable.

   The variables 'netget' and 'rsync' can be defined in 'qirc' to
establish a network downloader in order to get the sources.  If they are
not defined, qi uses default values:

   'netget' is the general network downloader tool, defaults sets to
'wget2 -c -w1 -t3 --no-check-certificate'.

   'rsync' is the network tool for sources containing the prefix for the
RSYNC protocol, default sets to 'rsync -v -a -L -z -i --progress'.

   The variable 'description' is used to print the package description
when a package is installed.

   A description has two parts: a brief description, and a long
description.  By convention, the syntax of 'description' is:

     description="
     Brief description.

     Long description.
     "

   The first line of the value represented is a brief description of the
software (called "blurb").  A blank line separates the _brief
description_ from the _long description_, which should contain a more
descriptive description of the software.

An example looks like:

     description="
     The GNU core utilities.

     The GNU core utilities are the basic file, shell and text manipulation
     utilities of the GNU operating system.  These are the core utilities
     which are expected to exist on every operating system.
     "

   Please consider a length limit of 78 characters as maximum, because
the same one would be used on the meta file creation.  See *note The
meta file: Recipes. section.

   The 'homepage' variable is used to declare the main site or home
page:

     homepage=https://www.gnu.org/software/gcc

   The variable 'license' is used for license information(2).  Some code
in the program can be covered by license A, license B, or license C. For
"separate licensing" or "heterogeneous licensing", we suggest using *|*
for a disjunction, *&* for a conjunction (if that ever happens in a
significant way), and comma for heterogeneous licensing.  Comma would
have lower precedence, plus added special terms.

     license="LGPL, GPL | Artistic - added permission"

16.3 Writing recipes
====================

Originally, Qi was designed for the series of Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre 3;
this doesn't mean you can't use it in another distribution, just that if
you do, you'll have to try it out for yourself.  To help with this, here
are some references to well-written recipes:

   * <https://git.savannah.nongnu.org/cgit/dragora.git/tree/recipes>
   * <https://notabug.org/dragora/dragora/src/master/recipes>
   * <https://notabug.org/dragora/dragora-extras/src/master/recipes>
   * 
     <https://git.savannah.nongnu.org/cgit/dragora/dragora-extras.git/tree/recipes>

16.4 Building packages
======================

A recipe is any valid regular file.  Qi sets priorities for reading a
recipe, the order in which qi looks for a recipe is:

  1. Current working directory.

  2. If the specified path name does not contain "recipe" as the last
     component.  Qi will complete it by adding "recipe" to the path
     name.

  3. If the recipe is not in the current working directory, it will be
     searched under '${worktree}/recipes'.  The last component will be
     completed adding "recipe" to the specified path name.

To build a single package, type:

     qi build x-apps/xterm

Multiple jobs can be passed to the compiler to speed up the build
process:

     qi build --jobs 3 x-apps/xterm

Update or install the produced package (if not already installed) when
the build command ends:

     qi build -j3 --upgrade x-apps/xterm

Only process a recipe but do not create the binary package:

     qi build --no-package dict/aspell

   The options -install or -upgrade have no effect when -no-package is
given.

This is useful to inspect the build process of the above recipe:

   qi build -keep -no-package dict/aspell 2>&1 | tee aspell-log.txt

   The -keep option could preserve the source directory and the
destination directory for later inspection.  A log file of the build
process will be created redirecting both, standard error and standard
output to tee(1).

16.5 Variables from the environment
===================================

Qi has environment variables which can be used at build time:

   The variable 'TMPDIR' sets the temporary directory for sources, which
is used for package extractions (see *note Examining packages::) and is
prepended to the value of '${srcdir}' and '${destdir}' in build command.
By convention its default value is equal to '/usr/src/qi/build'.

   The variables 'QICFLAGS', 'QICXXFLAGS', 'QILDFLAGS', and 'QICPPFLAGS'
have no effect by default.  The environment variables such as 'CFLAGS',
'CXXFLAGS', 'LDFLAGS', and 'CPPFLAGS' are unset at compile time:

Recommended practice is to set variables in the command line of
'configure' or _make(1)_ instead of exporting to the environment.  As
follows:

   <https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Environment.html>
     It is not wise for makefiles to depend for their functioning on
     environment variables set up outside their control, since this
     would cause different users to get different results from the same
     makefile.  This is against the whole purpose of most makefiles.

   Setting environment variables for configure is deprecated because
running configure in varying environments can be dangerous.

   <https://gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/autoconf/manual/autoconf-2.69/html_node/Defining-Variables.html>
     Variables not defined in a site shell script can be set in the
     environment passed to configure.  However, some packages may run
     configure again during the build, and the customized values of
     these variables may be lost.  In order to avoid this problem, you
     should set them in the configure command line, using 'VAR=value'.
     For example:

     './configure CC=/usr/local2/bin/gcc'

   <https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/autoconf/manual/autoconf-2.69/html_node/Setting-Output-Variables.html>
     If for instance the user runs 'CC=bizarre-cc ./configure', then the
     cache, config.h, and many other output files depend upon bizarre-cc
     being the C compiler.  If for some reason the user runs ./configure
     again, or if it is run via './config.status --recheck', (See
     Automatic Remaking, and see config.status Invocation), then the
     configuration can be inconsistent, composed of results depending
     upon two different compilers.  [...]  Indeed, while configure can
     notice the definition of CC in './configure CC=bizarre-cc', it is
     impossible to notice it in 'CC=bizarre-cc ./configure', which,
     unfortunately, is what most users do.  [...]  configure: error:
     changes in the environment can compromise the build.

   If the 'SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH' environment variable is set to a UNIX
timestamp (defined as the number of seconds, excluding leap seconds,
since 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC.); then the given timestamp will be used
to overwrite any newer timestamps on the package contents (when it is
created).  More information about this can be found at
<https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/>.

16.6 The meta file
==================

The "meta file" is a regular file created during the build process, it
contains information about the package such as package name, package
version, architecture, release, fetch address, description, and other
minor data extracted from processed recipes.  The name of the file is
generated as '${full_pkgname}.tlz.txt', and its purpose is to reflect
essential information to the user without having to look inside the
package content.  The file format is also intended to be used by other
scripts or by common Unix tools.

   The content of a meta file looks like:

     #
     # Pattern scanning and processing language.
     #
     # The awk utility interprets a special-purpose programming language
     # that makes it possible to handle simple data-reformatting jobs
     # with just a few lines of code.  It is a free version of 'awk'.
     #
     # GNU awk implements the AWK utility which is part of
     # IEEE Std 1003.1 Shell and Utilities (XCU).
     #

     QICFLAGS="-O2"
     QICXXFLAGS="-O2"
     QILDFLAGS=""
     QICPPFLAGS=""
     pkgname=gawk
     pkgversion=5.0.1
     arch=amd64
     release=1
     pkgcategory="tools"
     full_pkgname=gawk_5.0.1_amd64-1@tools
     blurb="Pattern scanning and processing language."
     homepage="https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk"
     license="GPLv3+"
     fetch="https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-5.0.1.tar.lz"
     replace=""

   A package descriptions is extracted from the variable 'description'
where each line is interpreted literally and pre-formatted to fit in
(exactly) *80 columns*, plus the character '#' and a blank space is
prefixed to every line (shell comments).

In addition to the Special variables, there are implicit variables such
as 'blurb':

   The 'blurb' variable is related to the special variable
'description'.  Its value is made from the first (substantial) line of
'description', mentioned as the "brief description".

   The build flags such as 'QICFLAGS', 'QICXXFLAGS', 'QILDFLAGS', and
'QICPPFLAGS' are only added to the meta file if the declared variable
'arch' is not equal to the "noarch" value.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) About the '--bsolid' granularity option of tarlz(1),
<https://www.nongnu.org/lzip/manual/tarlz_manual.html#g_t_002d_002dbsolid>.

   (2) The proposal for 'license' was made by Richard M. Stallman at
<https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnu-linux-libre/2016-05/msg00003.html>.

17 Order files
**************

The order command has the purpose of resolving the build order through
.order files.  An order file contains a list of recipe names, by default
does not perform any action other than to print a resolved list in
descending order.  For example, if *a* depends on *b* and *c*, and *c*
depends on *b* as well, the file might look like:

     a: c b
     b:
     c: b

   Each letter represents a recipe name, complete dependencies for the
first recipe name are listed in descending order, which is printed from
right to left, and removed from left to right:

   OUTPUT

     b
     c
     a

   Blank lines, colons and parentheses are simply ignored.  Comment
lines beginning with '#' are allowed.

An order file could be used to build a series of packages, for example,
if the content is:

     # Image handling libraries

     libs/libjpeg-turbo: devel/nasm
     x-libs/jasper: libs/libjpeg-turbo
     libs/tiff: libs/libjpeg-turbo

   To proceed with each recipe, we can type:

     qi order imglibs.order | qi build --install -

   The output of 'qi order imglibs.order' tells to qi in which order it
should build the recipes:

     devel/nasm
     libs/libjpeg-turbo
     x-libs/jasper
     libs/tiff

18 Creating packages
********************

The creation command is an internal function of qi to make new Qi
compatible packages.  A package is produced using the contents of the
Current Working Directory and the package file is written out.

     Usage: qi create [OUTPUT/PACKAGENAME.TLZ]...

   The argument for the file name to be written must contain a fully
qualified named directory as the output directory where the package
produced will be written.  The file name should be composed using the
full name: name-version-architecture-release[@pkgcategory].tlz

   EXAMPLE

     cd /usr/pkg
     cd claws-mail_3.17.1_amd64-1@x-apps
     qi create /var/cache/qi/packages/claws-mail_3.17.1_amd64-1@x-apps

   In this case, the package "claws-mail_3.17.1_amd64-1@x-apps" will be
written into '/var/cache/qi/packages/'.

All packages produced are complemented by a checksum file (.sha256).

19 Examining packages
*********************

The extraction command serves to examine binary packages for debugging
purposes.  It decompresses a package into a single directory, verifying
its integrity and preserving all of its properties (owner and
permissions).

     Usage: qi extract [PACKAGENAME.TLZ]...

   EXAMPLE

     qi extract mksh_R56c_amd64-1@shells.tlz

   This action will put the content of "mksh_R56c_amd64-1@shells.tlz"
into a single directory, this is a private directory for the user who
requested the action, creation operation will be equal to *u=rwx,g=,o=
(0700)*.  The package content will reside on this location, default mask
to deploy the content will be equal to *u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx (0000)*.

Note: the creation of the custom directory is influenced by the value of
the 'TMPDIR' variable.

20 Qi exit status
*****************

All the exit codes are described in this chapter.

'0'
     Successful completion (no errors).

'1'
     Minor common errors:

        * Help usage on invalid options or required arguments.

        * Program needed by qi (prerequisite) is not available.

'2'
     Command execution error:

     This code is used to return the evaluation of an external command
     or shell arguments in case of failure.

'3'
     Integrity check error for compressed files.

     Compressed files means:

        * A tarball file from tar(1), typically handled by the GNU tar
          implementation.  Supported extensions: .tar, .tar.gz, .tgz,
          .tar.Z, .tar.bz2, .tbz2, .tbz, .tar.xz, .txz, .tar.zst, .tzst

        * A tarball file from tarlz(1).  Supported extensions: .tar.lz,
          .tlz

        * Zip files from unzip(1).  Supported extensions: .zip, .ZIP

        * Gzip files from gzip(1).  Supported extensions: .gz, .Z

        * Bzip2 files from bzip2(1).  Supported extension: .bz2

        * Lzip files from lzip(1).  Supported extension: .lz

        * Xz files from xz(1).  Supported extension: .xz

        * Zstd files from zstd(1).  Supported extension: .zst

'4'
     File empty, not regular, or expected.

     It's commonly expected:

        * An argument for giving commands.

        * A regular file or readable directory.

        * An expected extension: .tlz, .sha256, .order.

        * A protocol supported by the network downloader tool.

'5'
     Empty or not defined variable:

     This code is used to report empty or undefined variables (usually
     variables coming from a recipe or assigned arrays that are tested).

'6'
     Package already installed:

     The package directory for an incoming .tlz package already exists.

'10'
     Network manager error:

     This code is used if the network downloader tool fails for some
     reason.

21 Getting support
******************

Dragora's home page can be found at <https://www.dragora.org>.  Bug
reports or suggestions can be sent to <dragora-users@nongnu.org>.

22 Contributing to Dragora
**************************

TODO (introductory text here).

22.1 How to place a mirror
==========================

If there's no Dragora mirror near you, you're welcome to contribute one.

   First, for users or downloaders, the address
_rsync://rsync.dragora.org/_ contains ISO images and source code (in
various formats) taken from the original sites and distributed by
Dragora.

   Mirroring the Dragora server requires approximately 13GB of disk
space (as of January 2022).  You can hit rsync directly from
_rsync.dragora.org_ as:

   'rsync -rltpHS --delete-excluded rsync://rsync.dragora.org/dragora
/your/dir/'

   Also, consider mirroring from another site in order to reduce load on
the Dragora server.  The listed sites at
<https://www.dragora.org/en/get/mirrors/index.html> provide access to
all the material on rsync.dragora.org.  They update from us nightly (at
least), and you may access them via rsync with the same options as
above.

   Note:

   We keep a file called "timestamp" under the main tree after each
synchronization.  This file can be used to verify, instead of
synchronizing all the content at once, you can check if this file has
been updated and then continue with the full synchronization.

Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License
*****************************************

                     Version 1.3, 3 November 2008

     Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     <https://fsf.org/>

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

  0. PREAMBLE

     The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
     functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
     assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
     with or without modifying it, either commercially or
     noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
     author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
     being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

     This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
     works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
     It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
     license designed for free software.

     We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
     free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
     free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
     that the software does.  But this License is not limited to
     software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
     of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.  We
     recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
     instruction or reference.

  1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

     This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
     that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
     be distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice
     grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
     to use that work under the conditions stated herein.  The
     "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member
     of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept
     the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
     requiring permission under copyright law.

     A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
     Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
     modifications and/or translated into another language.

     A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
     of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
     publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
     subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
     fall directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document
     is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
     explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of
     historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
     of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
     regarding them.

     The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
     titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
     notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
     If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
     is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may
     contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify
     any Invariant Sections then there are none.

     The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
     listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
     that says that the Document is released under this License.  A
     Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
     be at most 25 words.

     A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
     represented in a format whose specification is available to the
     general public, that is suitable for revising the document
     straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
     of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
     available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
     formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
     suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise
     Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
     been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
     readers is not Transparent.  An image format is not Transparent if
     used for any substantial amount of text.  A copy that is not
     "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

     Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
     ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
     SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
     simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
     Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
     Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
     edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
     the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
     the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
     processors for output purposes only.

     The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
     plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
     material this License requires to appear in the title page.  For
     works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
     Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
     work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

     The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies
     of the Document to the public.

     A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
     whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
     following text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ
     stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
     "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
     To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
     Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
     to this definition.

     The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
     which states that this License applies to the Document.  These
     Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
     this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
     implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
     has no effect on the meaning of this License.

  2. VERBATIM COPYING

     You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
     commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
     copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
     applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
     add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You
     may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
     or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However,
     you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.  If you
     distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
     conditions in section 3.

     You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
     and you may publicly display copies.

  3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

     If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
     have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
     the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
     enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
     these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
     Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly
     and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The
     front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
     equally prominent and visible.  You may add other material on the
     covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
     long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
     conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

     If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
     legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
     reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
     adjacent pages.

     If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
     numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
     Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
     each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
     network-using public has access to download using public-standard
     network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
     of added material.  If you use the latter option, you must take
     reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
     copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
     remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
     year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
     through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

     It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
     the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
     to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
     Document.

  4. MODIFICATIONS

     You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
     under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
     release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
     Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
     distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
     possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in
     the Modified Version:

       A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
          distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
          versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
          History section of the Document).  You may use the same title
          as a previous version if the original publisher of that
          version gives permission.

       B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
          entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
          the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
          principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
          authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
          from this requirement.

       C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
          Modified Version, as the publisher.

       D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

       E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
          adjacent to the other copyright notices.

       F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
          notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
          Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
          the Addendum below.

       G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
          Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
          license notice.

       H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

       I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
          and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
          authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
          Title Page.  If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
          Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
          publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
          an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
          previous sentence.

       J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
          for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
          likewise the network locations given in the Document for
          previous versions it was based on.  These may be placed in the
          "History" section.  You may omit a network location for a work
          that was published at least four years before the Document
          itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
          to gives permission.

       K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
          Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
          all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
          acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

       L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
          in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the
          equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

       M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
          may not be included in the Modified Version.

       N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
          "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
          Section.

       O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

     If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
     appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
     material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
     some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their
     titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
     license notice.  These titles must be distinct from any other
     section titles.

     You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
     nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
     parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
     has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
     definition of a standard.

     You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
     and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
     the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage
     of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
     through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document
     already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
     by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
     behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
     one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
     the old one.

     The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
     License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
     assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

  5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

     You may combine the Document with other documents released under
     this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
     modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
     of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
     unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
     combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
     their Warranty Disclaimers.

     The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
     multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
     copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
     but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
     by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
     original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
     unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
     the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
     combined work.

     In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
     "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
     Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
     "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You
     must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."

  6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

     You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
     documents released under this License, and replace the individual
     copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
     that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
     rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
     in all other respects.

     You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
     distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
     a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
     License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
     document.

  7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

     A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
     separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
     storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
     copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
     legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
     works permit.  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
     License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
     are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

     If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
     copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
     of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
     on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
     electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
     form.  Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
     the whole aggregate.

  8. TRANSLATION

     Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
     distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
     4.  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
     permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
     translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
     original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
     translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
     Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
     include the original English version of this License and the
     original versions of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a
     disagreement between the translation and the original version of
     this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
     prevail.

     If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
     "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
     Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
     actual title.

  9. TERMINATION

     You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
     except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
     otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void,
     and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.

     However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
     license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
     provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
     finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
     copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
     reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

     Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
     reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
     violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
     received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from
     that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days
     after your receipt of the notice.

     Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
     the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you
     under this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not
     permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the
     same material does not give you any rights to use it.

  10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

     The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
     the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
     versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
     differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
     <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

     Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
     number.  If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
     version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
     have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
     that specified version or of any later version that has been
     published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the
     Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
     choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
     Software Foundation.  If the Document specifies that a proxy can
     decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
     proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
     authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.

  11. RELICENSING

     "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
     World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
     provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
     public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.
     A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the
     site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
     site.

     "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
     license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
     corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
     California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
     published by that same organization.

     "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
     in part, as part of another Document.

     An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
     License, and if all works that were first published under this
     License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently
     incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover
     texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior
     to November 1, 2008.

     The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the
     site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1,
     2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:

       Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
       Free Documentation License''.

   If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

         with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
         the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
         being LIST.

   If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.

   If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.

Index
*****

* Menu:

* a quick glance at dragora:             A quick glance at Dragora.
                                                             (line  215)
* about this handbook:                   About this handbook.
                                                             (line   61)
* boot options from live medium:         Boot options from live medium.
                                                             (line  220)
* configuration file:                    The qirc file.      (line  470)
* contributing to dragora:               Contributing to Dragora.
                                                             (line 1312)
* environment variables:                 Recipes.            (line 1014)
* exit codes:                            Qi exit status.     (line 1231)
* free software:                         What is Dragora?.   (line  107)
* getting support:                       Getting support.    (line 1306)
* gnu:                                   What is Dragora?.   (line  112)
* handling build order:                  Order files.        (line 1136)
* history:                               History.            (line  155)
* how to place a mirror:                 Contributing to Dragora.
                                                             (line 1317)
* installing the system manually (as an alternative): Installing the system manually (as an alternative).
                                                             (line  230)
* introduction to qi:                    Introduction to Qi. (line  250)
* invocation:                            Invoking qi.        (line  272)
* linux or linux-libre:                  What is Dragora?.   (line  117)
* maintainers:                           Maintainers.        (line  210)
* managing packages:                     Packages.           (line  495)
* package blacklist:                     Packages.           (line  678)
* package build:                         Recipes.            (line  968)
* package conflicts:                     Packages.           (line  520)
* package creation:                      Creating packages.  (line 1183)
* package de-installation:               Packages.           (line  601)
* package examination:                   Examining packages. (line 1208)
* package installation:                  Packages.           (line  545)
* package management in a nutshell:      Package management in a nutshell.
                                                             (line  240)
* package management in dragora:         Introduction to package management in Dragora.
                                                             (line  235)
* package upgrade:                       Packages.           (line  640)
* recipes:                               Recipes.            (line  718)
* releases:                              History.            (line  188)
* revision history (changelog):          Revision history (ChangeLog).
                                                             (line   71)
* special variables:                     Recipes.            (line  773)
* the meta file:                         Recipes.            (line 1071)
* typographic conventions:               About this handbook.
                                                             (line   66)
* using dragora-installer:               Using dragora-installer.
                                                             (line  225)
* using third-party free software:       Using third-party free software.
                                                             (line  245)
* variables:                             Recipes.            (line  744)
* what is dragora?:                      What is Dragora?.   (line   76)
* why should I use dragora?:             Why should I use Dragora?.
                                                             (line  122)
* writing recipes:                       Recipes.            (line  954)