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	<title>Setup the BeagleBone Black as an SPI flashrom programmer</title>
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	<div class="section">
		<h1 id="pagetop">Setup the BeagleBone Black as an SPI flashrom programmer</h1>
			<p>How to use the BBB as an external flashrom programmer, for reading/writing an SPI flash chip.</p>
			<p><a href="index.html">Back to previous index</a></p>
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<h1 id="hardware_requirements">Hardware requirements</h1>
		
			<p>
				Shopping list (pictures of this hardware is shown later):
			</p>
				<ul>
					<li>
						External SPI programmer: <b>BeagleBone Black</b> (rev. C)
						is highly recommended. Sometimes referred to as 'BBB'.
					</li>
					<li>
						Clip for connecting to the flash chip: <b>Pomona 5250</b>
						(SOIC-8) or <b>Pomona 5252</b> (SOIC-16) is recommended
						(<b>X200S and X200 Tablet users will need a soldering iron
						instead</b>, because of the type of package the flash chip is
						in on those machines).
					</li>
					<li>
						<b>External 3.3V DC power supply</b>. The one used by this
						author has the label HF100W-SF-3.3 on it, but any decent
						supply will be fine. Some people use the 3.3V from an ATX
						PSU for instance (the kind that you get on a typical
						Intel/AMD desktop computer. 6A supply should be fine,
						the one used by this author is 20A (it won't actually use
						that, it's just what the PSU is capable of).
					</li>
					<li>
						Dupont <b>jumper cables</b> (2.54mm / 0.1&quot; headers)
						You should get male-male, male-female and female-female
						cables in 10cm and 20cm sizes. Just get a load of them.
					</li>
					<li>
						<b>Mini USB A-B cable</b> (the BeagleBone probably already comes
						with one.)
					</li>
					<li>
						<b>FTDI serial board</b>, for unbricking the BeagleBone if
						necessary.
					</li>
					<li>
						<b>5V DC power supply</b> (from wall outlet to the BeagleBone).
						The BeagleBone can have power supplied via USB, but a
						dedicated power supply is recommended. 
					</li>
				</ul>
		
			<p>
				<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
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	<div class="section">

		<h1>Setting up the 3.3V DC PSU</h1>
			<p>
				With my PSU, first I had wire up the mains power cable. Any clover or kettle lead will do. Cut the end off (not the one
				that goes in the wall, but the kettle/clover connector).
				Strip the protection away by a decent length, then strip the wires inside so that a decent amount of
				copper is shown. Then wire up earth/live/neutral. This will vary according to what country you live in
				and/or the colour codes that your cable uses inside. <b>Make sure to get this right, as a botched job
				could result in extreme damage to you and your surroundings. Here's what mine looks like after wiring up
				the power cable: <a href="images/x200/psu_power.jpg">images/x200/psu_power.jpg</a> - also, make sure
				that the plug (for the wall) has the correct fuse. In my case I had a 240V wall socket, and the device
				says that it accepts 1.5A at that voltage, so I used the smallest fuse available (3A). For 110-120V the device
				says it needs 2.8A.</b> Also, if yours looks like in the image linked above, make sure to wrap electrical tape (lots)
				around it for safety. (otherwise, don't touch the terminals while the PSU is plugged in).
			</p>
			<p>
				Now take a red and black 20cm female-female jumper lead, and cut one of the ends off. Strip away the bare copper by about 1 or
				1.5cm so you get this: <a href="images/x200/stripped_jumper_lead.jpg">images/x200/stripped_jumper_lead.jpg</a>. 
			</p>
			<p>
				Black goes on -V, red goes on +V. In my case, I removed those screws from my PSU like this:
				<a href="images/x200/psu_screws_removed.jpg">images/x200/psu_screws_removed.jpg</a>. Then,
			</p>
			<p>
				Then I twisted the exposed copper on the jumper leads (so that they don't fray), and wrapped each to one of the
				screws each, around it near the head. I then screwed them in:
				<a href="images/x200/psu_jumper_leads.jpg">images/x200/psu_jumper_leads.jpg</a>.
			</p>
			<p>
				If you are using a different PSU, then the steps will change from those above. Anyway, once you are satisfied,
				continue reading...
			</p>
			
	</div>
	
	<div class="section">
		
		<h1>Setting up the BBB</h1>
			<p>
				Your BBB will have an sshd with no password on root. Find it's IP address
				(it will use DHCP by default) and set a root password. The steps below
				are done while SSH'd into a BBB.
			</p>
			<p>
				You can also use a serial FTDI debug board, with GNU Screen (example):<br/>
				# <b>screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200</b><br/>
				<a href="images/x200/ftdi.jpg">images/x200/ftdi.jpg</a> and 
				<a href="images/x200/ftdi_port.jpg">images/x200/ftdi_port.jpg</a>
				show an FTDI debug board in use. With screen you can then login as root, like you would using SSH.<br/>
				Using this, you can also see text output (from kernel, etc) when booting the machine.
			</p>
			<p>
				You can also simply connect the USB cable from the BBB to another computer and a new network interface will appear,
				with it's own IP address: this is the BBB. You can SSH into that. Or, you can (example):<br/>
				# <b>screen /dev/ttyACM0 115200</b>
			</p>
			<p>
				Since it's a bare board (no case) and you are also touching inside your X200, you should be earthed/grounded. 
				<a href="images/x200/strap.jpg">images/x200/strap.jpg</a> shows how I earthed myself. This is to prevent you 
				from causing any ESD damage. The surface that you place components on should also be earthed/grounded.
				(for this, I used a shielded ESD bag with a wire, copper exposed, attached from the bag to the exposed metal
				part on a radiator, which was earthed - not professional, but it should work. see <a href="images/x200/mat.jpg">images/x200/mat.jpg</a>).
				Most people ignore this advice and don't ground/earth themselves, at their own risk. You should also store the BBB
				in a shielded anti-static bag when you are finished with it.
				(the principles above apply to any computer components, since they are extremely sensitive te ESD).
			</p>
			<p>
				These instructions may or may not work for you. They are simply the steps that this author took.
			</p>
			<p>
				setting up SPIDEV on the BBB: <a href="http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_Black_Enable_SPIDEV#SPI0">http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_Black_Enable_SPIDEV#SPI0</a>
				- If you only setup SPI0, you don't have to disable the HDMI out. (you only need one).
				That guide is for seting up the device overlay for SPIDEV, last part is to make it persist across reboots.
				Needed to turn the BBB into an SPI flasher.
			</p>
			<p>
				Don't bother modifying uEnv.txt. it won't work;
				use the workaround here instead: <a href="http://elinux.org/Beagleboard:BeagleBoneBlack_Debian#Loading_custom_capes">http://elinux.org/Beagleboard:BeagleBoneBlack_Debian#Loading_custom_capes</a>.
			</p>
			<p>
				Follow the instructions at <a href="http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_Black_Enable_SPIDEV#SPI0">http://elinux.org/BeagleBone_Black_Enable_SPIDEV#SPI0</a>
				up to (and excluding) the point where it tells you to modify uEnv.txt
			</p>
			<p>
				You need to update the software on the BBB first. Before being able to use apt-get,
				I had to use the workaround defined <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/?_escaped_fragment_=msg/beagleboard/LPjCn4LEY2I/alozBGsbTJMJ#!msg/beagleboard/LPjCn4LEY2I/alozBGsbTJMJ">here</a>:<br/>
				- Replace the contents of /etc/init.d/led_aging.sh with:
			</p>
<pre>
#!/bin/sh -e
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          led_aging.sh
# Required-Start:    $local_fs
# Required-Stop:     $local_fs
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start LED aging
# Description:       Starts LED aging (whatever that is)
### END INIT INFO

x=$(/bin/ps -ef | /bin/grep "[l]ed_acc")
if [ ! -n "$x" -a -x /usr/bin/led_acc ]; then
    /usr/bin/led_acc &amp;
fi
</pre>
			</p>
				Run <b>apt-get update</b> and <b>apt-get upgrade</b> then reboot the BBB, before continuing.
			</p>
			<p>
				Run those commands:<br/>
				# <b>echo BB-SPI0-01 &gt; /sys/devices/bone_capemgr.*/slots</b><br/>
				Then I did:<br/>
				# <b>ls -al /dev/spidev0.*</b><br/>
				<i>ls: cannot access /dev/spidev0.*: No such file or directory</i><br/>
				Then I rebooted and did:<br/>
				# <b>cat /sys/devices/bone_capemgr.*/slots</b><br/>
				Output:
			</p>
<pre>
 0: 54:PF--- 
 1: 55:PF--- 
 2: 56:PF--- 
 3: 57:PF--- 
 4: ff:P-O-L Bone-LT-eMMC-2G,00A0,Texas Instrument,BB-BONE-EMMC-2G
 5: ff:P-O-L Bone-Black-HDMI,00A0,Texas Instrument,BB-BONELT-HDMI
</pre>
			<p>
				And then:<br/>
				# <b>ls /lib/firmware/BB-SPI0-01-00A0.*</b><br/>
				Output:
			</p>
<pre>
/lib/firmware/BB-SPI0-01-00A0.dtbo
</pre>
			<p>
				Then:<br/>
				# <b>echo BB-SPI0-01 &gt; /sys/devices/bone_capemgr.*/slots</b><br/>
				# <b>cat /sys/devices/bone_capemgr.*/slots</b><br/>
				Output:
			</p>
<pre>
 0: 54:PF--- 
 1: 55:PF--- 
 2: 56:PF--- 
 3: 57:PF--- 
 4: ff:P-O-L Bone-LT-eMMC-2G,00A0,Texas Instrument,BB-BONE-EMMC-2G
 5: ff:P-O-L Bone-Black-HDMI,00A0,Texas Instrument,BB-BONELT-HDMI
 7: ff:P-O-L Override Board Name,00A0,Override Manuf,BB-SPI0-01
</pre>
			<p>
				Then check if the device exists:<br/>
				# <b>ls -al /dev/spidev0.*</b><br/>
				Output:
			</p>
<pre>
ls: cannot access /dev/spidev0.*: No such file or directory
</pre>
			<p>
				It didn't exist under that name, but I then did:<br/>
				# <b>ls -al /dev/spid*</b><br/>
				Output:
			</p>
<pre>
crw-rw---T 1 root spi 153, 0 Nov 19 21:07 /dev/spidev1.0
</pre>
			<p>
				Now the BBB is ready to be used for flashing. Make this persist
				across reboots:<br/>
				In /etc/default/capemgr add <b>CAPE=BB-SPI0-01</b> at the end
				(or change the existing <b>CAPE=</b> entry to say that, if an
				entry already exists.
			</p>
			<p>
				Now you will download and build <b>flashrom</b> on the BBB.<br/>
				# <b>apt-get install libpci-dev pciutils zlib1g-dev libftdi-dev build-essential subversion</b><br/>
				# <b>svn co svn://flashrom.org/flashrom/trunk flashrom</b><br/>
				# <b>cd flashrom/</b><br/>
				# <b>make</b>
			</p>
			
			<p>
				Now test flashrom:<br/>
				# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512</b><br/>
				Output:
			</p>
<pre>
Calibrating delay loop... OK.
No EEPROM/flash device found.
Note: flashrom can never write if the flash chip isn't found automatically.
</pre>

			<p>
				This means that it's working (the clip isn't connected to any flash chip,
				so the error is fine).
			</p>
			
	</div>
	
	<div class="section">
			
		<h1>
			Connecting the Pomona 5250/5252
		</h1>
			<p>
				Use this image for reference when connecting the pomona to the BBB:
				<a href="http://beagleboard.org/Support/bone101#headers">http://beagleboard.org/Support/bone101#headers</a>
				(D0 = MISO or connects to MISO).
			</p>
		
			<p>
				The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB	(on the P9 header), for SOIC-16 (clip: Pomona 5252):
			</p>
<pre>
 NC              -       - 21
 1               -       - 17
 NC              -       - NC
 NC              -       - NC
 NC              -       - NC
 NC              -       - NC
 18              -       - 3.3V PSU RED
 22              -       - NC - this is pin 1 on the flash chip
<i>This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack.</i>
</pre>
			<p>
				The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB	(on the P9 header), for SOIC-8 (clip: Pomona 5250):
			</p>
<pre>
 18              -       - 1
 22              -       - NC
 NC              -       - 21
 3.3V PSU RED    -       - 17 - this is pin 1 on the flash chip
<i>This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack.</i>
</pre>
			<p>
				<b>NC = no connection</b>
			</p>
			<p>
				<b><u>DO NOT</u> connect 3.3V PSU RED yet. ONLY connect this once the pomona is connected to the flash chip.</b>
			</p>
			<p>
				<b>You also need to connect the BLACK wire from the 3.3V PSU to pin 2 on the BBB (P9 header). It is safe to install this now
				(that is, before you connect the pomona to the flash chip).</b>
			</p>
			<p>
				if you need to extend the 3.3v psu leads, just use the same colour M-F leads, <b>but</b> keep all other 
				leads short (10cm or less)
			</p>
			
			<p>
				<a href="images/x200/5252_bbb0.jpg">images/x200/5252_bbb0.jpg</a> and
				<a href="images/x200/5252_bbb1.jpg">images/x200/5252_bbb1.jpg</a> shows a properly wired up BBB with Pomona
				5252 before being connected to the flash chip on the X200.
			</p>
			
		<p>
			That's basically it. Now refer back to the documentation for how to use this on your board.
		</p>
			
		<p>
			<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
		</p>
		
	</div>

	<div class="section">

		<p>
			Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015 Francis Rowe &lt;info@gluglug.org.uk&gt;<br/>
			This document is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License and all future versions.
			A copy of the license can be found at <a href="../license.txt">../license.txt</a>.
		</p>

		<p>
			This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
			but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
			MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See <a href="../license.txt">../license.txt</a> for more information.
		</p>
		
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