guix-cookbook.fr.po 268 KB

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  1. # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
  2. # Copyright (C) 2021 the authors of Guix (msgids) and the following authors (msgstr)
  3. # This file is distributed under the same license as the guix manual package.
  4. # Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>, 2021, 2022.
  5. # Francois Polito <francois@polito.se>, 2021.
  6. # tisse vert <tissevert+fedora@marvid.fr>, 2021.
  7. msgid ""
  8. msgstr ""
  9. "Project-Id-Version: guix manual checkout\n"
  10. "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-guix@gnu.org\n"
  11. "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-12-31 15:18+0000\n"
  12. "PO-Revision-Date: 2022-01-30 10:16+0000\n"
  13. "Last-Translator: Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>\n"
  14. "Language-Team: French <https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook/fr/>\n"
  15. "Language: fr\n"
  16. "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
  17. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
  18. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
  19. "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
  20. "X-Generator: Weblate 4.10.1\n"
  21. #. type: Plain text
  22. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7
  23. msgid "@documentencoding UTF-8"
  24. msgstr ""
  25. "@documentencoding UTF-8\n"
  26. "@documentlanguage fr\n"
  27. "@frenchspacing on"
  28. #. type: top
  29. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:36
  30. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:50
  31. #, no-wrap
  32. msgid "GNU Guix Cookbook"
  33. msgstr "Livre de recettes de GNU Guix"
  34. #. type: copying
  35. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:21
  36. msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber@* Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Joshua Branson@*"
  37. msgstr ""
  38. "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@*\n"
  39. "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@*\n"
  40. "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@*\n"
  41. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@*\n"
  42. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@*\n"
  43. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@*\n"
  44. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@*\n"
  45. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@*\n"
  46. "Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber@*\n"
  47. "Copyright @copyright{} 2021 Joshua Branson@*"
  48. #. type: copying
  49. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:28
  50. msgid "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''."
  51. msgstr "Vous avez la permission de copier, distribuer ou modifier ce document sous les termes de la Licence GNU Free Documentation, version 1.3 ou toute version ultérieure publiée par la Free Software Foundation ; sans section invariante, texte de couverture et sans texte de quatrième de couverture. Une copie de la licence est incluse dans la section intitulée « GNU Free Documentation License »."
  52. #. type: dircategory
  53. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:30
  54. #, no-wrap
  55. msgid "System administration"
  56. msgstr "Administration système"
  57. #. type: menuentry
  58. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:33
  59. msgid "Guix cookbook: (guix-cookbook)"
  60. msgstr "Livre de recettes de Guix: (guix-cookbook.fr)"
  61. #. type: menuentry
  62. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:33
  63. msgid "Tutorials and examples for GNU Guix."
  64. msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples pour GNU Guix."
  65. #. type: subtitle
  66. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:37
  67. #, no-wrap
  68. msgid "Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager"
  69. msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples d'utilisation du gestionnaire de paquets GNU Guix"
  70. #. type: author
  71. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:38
  72. #, no-wrap
  73. msgid "The GNU Guix Developers"
  74. msgstr "Les développeurs de GNU Guix"
  75. #. type: node
  76. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:49
  77. #, no-wrap
  78. msgid "Top"
  79. msgstr "Top"
  80. #. type: Plain text
  81. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:56
  82. msgid "This document presents tutorials and detailed examples for GNU@tie{}Guix, a functional package management tool written for the GNU system. Please @pxref{Top,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual} for details about the system, its API, and related concepts."
  83. msgstr "Ce document propose des didacticiels et des exemples détaillés pour GNU@tie{}Guix, un outil de gestion des paquets fonctionnel écrit pour le système GNU. @pxref{Top,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix} pour plus de détails sur le système, son API et les concepts associés."
  84. #. type: Plain text
  85. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:66
  86. msgid "This manual is also available in French (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook.fr, Livre de recettes de GNU Guix}) and German (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook.de, GNU-Guix-Kochbuch}). If you would like to translate this document in your native language, consider joining @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate} (@pxref{Translating Guix,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual})."
  87. msgstr "Ce manuel est aussi disponible en anglais (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook, GNU Guix Cookbook}) et en allemand (@pxref{Top,,, guix-cookbook.de, GNU-Guix-Kochbuch}). Si vous désirez traduire ce document dans votre langue maternelle, rejoignez @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate} (@pxref{Traduire Guix,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix})."
  88. #. type: chapter
  89. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:82
  90. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:98 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:99
  91. #, no-wrap
  92. msgid "Scheme tutorials"
  93. msgstr "Didacticiels pour Scheme"
  94. #. type: menuentry
  95. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73
  96. msgid "Meet your new favorite language!"
  97. msgstr "Découvrez votre nouveau langage préféré !"
  98. #. type: chapter
  99. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:86
  100. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:305 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:306
  101. #, no-wrap
  102. msgid "Packaging"
  103. msgstr "Empaquetage"
  104. #. type: menuentry
  105. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73
  106. msgid "Packaging tutorials"
  107. msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"
  108. #. type: chapter
  109. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:90
  110. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1340 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1341
  111. #, no-wrap
  112. msgid "System Configuration"
  113. msgstr "Configuration du système"
  114. #. type: menuentry
  115. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73
  116. msgid "Customizing the GNU System"
  117. msgstr "Personnalisation du système GNU"
  118. #. type: chapter
  119. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2436
  120. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2437
  121. #, no-wrap
  122. msgid "Advanced package management"
  123. msgstr "Gestion avancée des paquets"
  124. #. type: menuentry
  125. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73
  126. msgid "Power to the users!"
  127. msgstr "Le pouvoir aux utilisateurs !"
  128. #. type: chapter
  129. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2834
  130. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2835
  131. #, no-wrap
  132. msgid "Environment management"
  133. msgstr "Gestion de l'environnement"
  134. #. type: menuentry
  135. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:73
  136. msgid "Control environment"
  137. msgstr "Environnement de contrôle"
  138. #. type: chapter
  139. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2958
  140. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2959
  141. #, no-wrap
  142. msgid "Acknowledgments"
  143. msgstr "Remerciements"
  144. #. type: menuentry
  145. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77
  146. msgid "Thanks!"
  147. msgstr "Merci !"
  148. #. type: appendix
  149. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2983
  150. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2984
  151. #, no-wrap
  152. msgid "GNU Free Documentation License"
  153. msgstr "La licence GNU Free Documentation"
  154. #. type: menuentry
  155. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77
  156. msgid "The license of this document."
  157. msgstr "La licence de ce document."
  158. #. type: unnumbered
  159. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2989
  160. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2990
  161. #, no-wrap
  162. msgid "Concept Index"
  163. msgstr "Index des concepts"
  164. #. type: menuentry
  165. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77
  166. msgid "Concepts."
  167. msgstr "Les concepts."
  168. #. type: menuentry
  169. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:80
  170. msgid "--- The Detailed Node Listing ---"
  171. msgstr "--- Liste détaillée des nœuds ---"
  172. #. type: section
  173. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:112
  174. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:113
  175. #, no-wrap
  176. msgid "A Scheme Crash Course"
  177. msgstr "Cours accéléré du language Scheme"
  178. #. type: menuentry
  179. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:84
  180. msgid "Learn the basics of Scheme"
  181. msgstr "Apprenez les bases du langage Scheme"
  182. #. type: section
  183. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:88 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:317
  184. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:319 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:320
  185. #, no-wrap
  186. msgid "Packaging Tutorial"
  187. msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"
  188. #. type: menuentry
  189. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:88
  190. msgid "Let's add a package to Guix!"
  191. msgstr "Ajoutons un paquet à Guix !"
  192. #. type: section
  193. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:93 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  194. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1362 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1363
  195. #, no-wrap
  196. msgid "Auto-Login to a Specific TTY"
  197. msgstr "Connexion automatique à un TTY donné"
  198. #. type: menuentry
  199. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:93 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  200. msgid "Automatically Login a User to a Specific TTY"
  201. msgstr "Connecter automatiquement un utilisateur sur un TTY donné"
  202. #. type: section
  203. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:93 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  204. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1407 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1408
  205. #, no-wrap
  206. msgid "Customizing the Kernel"
  207. msgstr "Personnalisation du noyau"
  208. #. type: menuentry
  209. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:93 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  210. msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System."
  211. msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé sur le système Guix."
  212. #. type: Plain text
  213. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:105
  214. msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix is written in the general purpose programming language Scheme, and many of its features can be accessed and manipulated programmatically. You can use Scheme to generate package definitions, to modify them, to build them, to deploy whole operating systems, etc."
  215. msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix est écrit dans le langage de programmation Scheme. Nombre de ses fonctionnalités peuvent être consultées et manipulées par programmation. Vous pouvez utiliser Scheme entre autres pour générer des définitions de paquets, pour les modifier, pour les compiler ou pour déployer des systèmes d'exploitation entiers."
  216. #. type: Plain text
  217. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:109
  218. msgid "Knowing the basics of how to program in Scheme will unlock many of the advanced features Guix provides --- and you don't even need to be an experienced programmer to use them!"
  219. msgstr "Connaître les bases de la programmation en Scheme vous permettra d'utiliser de nombreuses fonctionnalités avancées de Guix --- et vous n'avez pas besoin d'être un·e programmeur·euse chevronné·e !"
  220. #. type: Plain text
  221. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:111
  222. msgid "Let's get started!"
  223. msgstr "C'est parti !"
  224. #. type: cindex
  225. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:115
  226. #, no-wrap
  227. msgid "Scheme, crash course"
  228. msgstr "Scheme, cours accéléré"
  229. #. type: Plain text
  230. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:121
  231. msgid "Guix uses the Guile implementation of Scheme. To start playing with the language, install it with @code{guix install guile} and start a @dfn{REPL}---short for @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{read-eval-print loop}}---by running @code{guile} from the command line."
  232. msgstr "Guix utilise l'implémentation Guile du langage Scheme. Pour commencer à jouer avec le langage, installez-le avec @code{guix install guile} et démarrer une @dfn{REPL}, une @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{boucle de lecture, évaluation, affichage}}, en lançant @code{guile} sur la ligne de commande."
  233. #. type: Plain text
  234. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:124
  235. msgid "Alternatively you can also run @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} if you'd rather not have Guile installed in your user profile."
  236. msgstr "Vous pouvez également lancer la commande @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} si vous préférez ne pas installer Guile dans votre profil utilisateur."
  237. #. type: Plain text
  238. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:130
  239. msgid "In the following examples, lines show what you would type at the REPL; lines starting with ``@result{}'' show evaluation results, while lines starting with ``@print{}'' show things that get printed. @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, for more details on the REPL."
  240. msgstr "Dans les exemples suivants, les lignes montrent ce que vous devez taper sur la REPL ; les lignes commençant par « @result{} » montrent le résultat de l'évaluation, tandis que les lignes commençant par « @print{} » montrent ce qui est affiché. @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, pour plus d'information sur la REPL."
  241. #. type: itemize
  242. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:138
  243. msgid "Scheme syntax boils down to a tree of expressions (or @emph{s-expression} in Lisp lingo). An expression can be a literal such as numbers and strings, or a compound which is a parenthesized list of compounds and literals. @code{#true} and @code{#false} (abbreviated @code{#t} and @code{#f}) stand for the Booleans ``true'' and ``false'', respectively."
  244. msgstr "La syntaxe de Scheme se résume à un arbre d'expressions (ou une @emph{s-expression} dans le jargon Lisp). Une expression peut être un litéral comme un nombre ou une chaîne de caractères, ou composée d'une liste d'autres éléments composés et litéraux, entourée de parenthèses. @code{#true} et @code{#false} (abrégés @code{#t} et @code{#f}) correspondent aux booléens « vrai » et « faux »."
  245. #. type: itemize
  246. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:140
  247. msgid "Examples of valid expressions:"
  248. msgstr "Voici des exemples d'expressions valides :"
  249. #. type: lisp
  250. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:144
  251. #, no-wrap
  252. msgid ""
  253. "\"Hello World!\"\n"
  254. "@result{} \"Hello World!\"\n"
  255. "\n"
  256. msgstr ""
  257. "\"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
  258. "@result{} \"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
  259. "\n"
  260. #. type: lisp
  261. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:147
  262. #, no-wrap
  263. msgid ""
  264. "17\n"
  265. "@result{} 17\n"
  266. "\n"
  267. msgstr ""
  268. "17\n"
  269. "@result{} 17\n"
  270. "\n"
  271. #. type: lisp
  272. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:151
  273. #, no-wrap
  274. msgid ""
  275. "(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  276. "@print{} Hello Guix!\n"
  277. "@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
  278. msgstr ""
  279. "(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  280. "@print{} Bonjour Guix\n"
  281. "@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
  282. #. type: itemize
  283. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:158
  284. msgid "This last example is a function call nested in another function call. When a parenthesized expression is evaluated, the first term is the function and the rest are the arguments passed to the function. Every function returns the last evaluated expression as its return value."
  285. msgstr "Ce dernier exemple est un appel de fonction imbriqué dans un autre appel de fonction. Lorsqu'une expression parenthésée est évaluée, le premier élément est la fonction et le reste sont les arguments passés à la fonction. Chaque fonction renvoie la dernière expression évaluée."
  286. #. type: itemize
  287. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:161
  288. msgid "Anonymous functions are declared with the @code{lambda} term:"
  289. msgstr "On peut déclarer des fonctions anonymes avec le terme @code{lambda} :"
  290. #. type: lisp
  291. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:165
  292. #, no-wrap
  293. msgid ""
  294. "(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
  295. "@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
  296. msgstr ""
  297. "(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
  298. "@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
  299. #. type: itemize
  300. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:170
  301. msgid "The above procedure returns the square of its argument. Since everything is an expression, the @code{lambda} expression returns an anonymous procedure, which can in turn be applied to an argument:"
  302. msgstr "La procédure ci-dessus renvoie le carré de son argument. Comme tout est une expression, l'expression @code{lambda} renvoie une procédure anonyme, qui peut ensuite être appliquée à un argument :"
  303. #. type: lisp
  304. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:174
  305. #, no-wrap
  306. msgid ""
  307. "((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
  308. "@result{} 9\n"
  309. msgstr ""
  310. "((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
  311. "@result{} 9\n"
  312. #. type: itemize
  313. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:178
  314. msgid "Anything can be assigned a global name with @code{define}:"
  315. msgstr "On peut assigner un nom global à tout ce qu'on veut avec @code{define} :"
  316. #. type: lisp
  317. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:184
  318. #, no-wrap
  319. msgid ""
  320. "(define a 3)\n"
  321. "(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
  322. "(square a)\n"
  323. "@result{} 9\n"
  324. msgstr ""
  325. "(define a 3)\n"
  326. "(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
  327. "(square a)\n"
  328. "@result{} 9\n"
  329. #. type: itemize
  330. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:188
  331. msgid "Procedures can be defined more concisely with the following syntax:"
  332. msgstr "On peut définir des procédure de manière plus concise avec la syntaxe suivante :"
  333. #. type: lisp
  334. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:191
  335. #, no-wrap
  336. msgid "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
  337. msgstr "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
  338. #. type: itemize
  339. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:195
  340. msgid "A list structure can be created with the @code{list} procedure:"
  341. msgstr "On peut créer une structure de liste avec la procédure @code{list} :"
  342. #. type: lisp
  343. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:199
  344. #, no-wrap
  345. msgid ""
  346. "(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
  347. "@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
  348. msgstr ""
  349. "(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
  350. "@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
  351. #. type: itemize
  352. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:206
  353. msgid "The @dfn{quote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression: the first term is not called over the other terms (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Thus it effectively returns a list of terms."
  354. msgstr "La @dfn{quote} (l'apostrophe) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée : le premier élément n'est pas appelé avec les autres éléments en argument (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Donc, il renvoie une liste de termes."
  355. #. type: lisp
  356. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:210
  357. #, no-wrap
  358. msgid ""
  359. "'(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  360. "@result{} (display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  361. "\n"
  362. msgstr ""
  363. "'(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  364. "@result{} (display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
  365. "\n"
  366. #. type: lisp
  367. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:213
  368. #, no-wrap
  369. msgid ""
  370. "'(2 a 5 7)\n"
  371. "@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
  372. msgstr ""
  373. "'(2 a 5 7)\n"
  374. "@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
  375. #. type: itemize
  376. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:219
  377. msgid "The @dfn{quasiquote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression until @dfn{unquote} (a comma) re-enables it. Thus it provides us with fine-grained control over what is evaluated and what is not."
  378. msgstr "La @dfn{quasiquote} (l'apostrophe à l'envers) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée jusqu'à ce qu'un @dfn{unquote} (une virgule) la réactive. De cette manière, on garde un contrôle fin sur ce qui est évalué et sur ce qui ne l'est pas."
  379. #. type: lisp
  380. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:223
  381. #, no-wrap
  382. msgid ""
  383. "`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
  384. "@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
  385. msgstr ""
  386. "`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
  387. "@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
  388. #. type: itemize
  389. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:227
  390. msgid "Note that the above result is a list of mixed elements: numbers, symbols (here @code{a}) and the last element is a list itself."
  391. msgstr "Remarquez que le résultat ci-dessus est une liste d'éléments mixtes : des nombres, des symboles (ici @code{a}) et le dernier élément est aussi une liste."
  392. #. type: itemize
  393. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:231
  394. msgid "Multiple variables can be named locally with @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}):"
  395. msgstr "On peut nommer localement plusieurs variables avec @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}) :"
  396. #. type: lisp
  397. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:238
  398. #, no-wrap
  399. msgid ""
  400. "(define x 10)\n"
  401. "(let ((x 2)\n"
  402. " (y 3))\n"
  403. " (list x y))\n"
  404. "@result{} (2 3)\n"
  405. "\n"
  406. msgstr ""
  407. "(define x 10)\n"
  408. "(let ((x 2)\n"
  409. " (y 3))\n"
  410. " (list x y))\n"
  411. "@result{} (2 3)\n"
  412. "\n"
  413. #. type: lisp
  414. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:241
  415. #, no-wrap
  416. msgid ""
  417. "x\n"
  418. "@result{} 10\n"
  419. "\n"
  420. msgstr ""
  421. "x\n"
  422. "@result{} 10\n"
  423. "\n"
  424. #. type: lisp
  425. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:244
  426. #, no-wrap
  427. msgid ""
  428. "y\n"
  429. "@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
  430. msgstr ""
  431. "y\n"
  432. "@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
  433. #. type: itemize
  434. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:248
  435. msgid "Use @code{let*} to allow later variable declarations to refer to earlier definitions."
  436. msgstr "On peut utiliser @code{let*} pour permettre au déclarations de variables ultérieures d'utiliser les définitions précédentes."
  437. #. type: lisp
  438. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:254
  439. #, no-wrap
  440. msgid ""
  441. "(let* ((x 2)\n"
  442. " (y (* x 3)))\n"
  443. " (list x y))\n"
  444. "@result{} (2 6)\n"
  445. msgstr ""
  446. "(let* ((x 2)\n"
  447. " (y (* x 3)))\n"
  448. " (list x y))\n"
  449. "@result{} (2 6)\n"
  450. #. type: itemize
  451. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:261
  452. msgid "@dfn{Keywords} are typically used to identify the named parameters of a procedure. They are prefixed by @code{#:} (hash, colon) followed by alphanumeric characters: @code{#:like-this}. @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."
  453. msgstr "On utilise typiquement des @dfn{mot-clés} pour identifier les paramètres nommés d'une procédure. Ils sont précédés de @code{#:} (dièse, deux-points) suivi par des caractères alphanumériques : @code{#:comme-ça}. @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."
  454. #. type: itemize
  455. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:266
  456. msgid "The percentage @code{%} is typically used for read-only global variables in the build stage. Note that it is merely a convention, like @code{_} in C. Scheme treats @code{%} exactly the same as any other letter."
  457. msgstr "On utilise souvent le signe pourcent @code{%} pour les variables globales non modifiables à l'étape de construction. Remarquez que ce n'est qu'une convention, comme @code{_} en C. Scheme traite @code{%} de la même manière que les autres lettres."
  458. #. type: itemize
  459. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:270
  460. msgid "Modules are created with @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). For instance"
  461. msgstr "On peut créer des modules avec @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Par exemple :"
  462. #. type: lisp
  463. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:276
  464. #, no-wrap
  465. msgid ""
  466. "(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
  467. " #:use-module (guix store)\n"
  468. " #:export (ruby-build\n"
  469. " ruby-build-system))\n"
  470. msgstr ""
  471. "(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
  472. " #:use-module (guix store)\n"
  473. " #:export (ruby-build\n"
  474. " ruby-build-system))\n"
  475. #. type: itemize
  476. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:282
  477. msgid "defines the module @code{guix build-system ruby} which must be located in @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} somewhere in the Guile load path. It depends on the @code{(guix store)} module and it exports two variables, @code{ruby-build} and @code{ruby-build-system}."
  478. msgstr "défini le module @code{guix build-system ruby} qui doit se situer dans @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} quelque part dans le chemin de recherche de Guile. Il dépend du module @code{(guix store)} et exporte deux variables, @code{ruby-build} et @code{ruby-build-system}."
  479. #. type: Plain text
  480. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:287
  481. msgid "For a more detailed introduction, check out @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, by Steve Litt."
  482. msgstr "Pour une introduction plus détaillée, consultez @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, par Steve Litt."
  483. #. type: Plain text
  484. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:299
  485. msgid "One of the reference Scheme books is the seminal ``Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs'', by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman, with Julie Sussman. You'll find a @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html, free copy online}, together with @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, videos of the lectures by the authors}. The book is available in Texinfo format as the @code{sicp} Guix package. Go ahead, run @code{guix install sicp} and start reading with @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}). An @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, unofficial ebook is also available}."
  486. msgstr "L'un des livres de référence majeurs pour Scheme est « Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs » de Harold Abelson et Gerald Jay Sussman, avec Julie Sussman. Vous trouverez une @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html,copie gratuite en ligne}, avec @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, les vidéos des cours donnés par les auteurs, en anglais}. Le livre est disponible au format Texinfo dans le paquet Guix @code{sicp}. Allez-y, lancez @code{guix install sicp} et commencez à le lire avec @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}). Un @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/,livre électronique officieux est aussi disponible}."
  487. #. type: Plain text
  488. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:302
  489. msgid "You'll find more books, tutorials and other resources at @url{https://schemers.org/}."
  490. msgstr "Vous trouverez plus de livres, de didacticiels et d'autres ressources sur @url{https://schemers.org/}."
  491. #. type: cindex
  492. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:308
  493. #, no-wrap
  494. msgid "packaging"
  495. msgstr "empaquetage"
  496. #. type: Plain text
  497. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314
  498. msgid "This chapter is dedicated to teaching you how to add packages to the collection of packages that come with GNU Guix. This involves writing package definitions in Guile Scheme, organizing them in package modules, and building them."
  499. msgstr "Ce chapitre est conçu pour vous enseigner comment ajouter des paquets à la collection de paquets de GNU Guix. Pour cela, vous devrez écrire des définitions de paquets en Guile Scheme, les organiser en modules et les construire."
  500. #. type: menuentry
  501. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:317
  502. msgid "A tutorial on how to add packages to Guix."
  503. msgstr "Un didacticiel sur la manière d'ajouter des paquets à Guix."
  504. #. type: Plain text
  505. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:328
  506. msgid "GNU Guix stands out as the @emph{hackable} package manager, mostly because it uses @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, a powerful high-level programming language, one of the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29, Scheme} dialects from the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29, Lisp family}."
  507. msgstr "GNU Guix se démarque des autres gestionnaire de paquets en étant @emph{bidouillable}, surtout parce qu'il utilise @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/,GNU Guile}, un langage de programmation de haut-niveau puissant, l'un des dialectes @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme, Scheme} de @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp, la famille Lisp}."
  508. #. type: Plain text
  509. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:332
  510. msgid "Package definitions are also written in Scheme, which empowers Guix in some very unique ways, unlike most other package managers that use shell scripts or simple languages."
  511. msgstr "Les définitions de paquets sont aussi écrites en Scheme, ce qui le rend plus puissant de manière assez unique par rapport aux autres gestionnaires de paquets qui utilisent des scripts shell ou des langages simples."
  512. #. type: itemize
  513. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:337
  514. msgid "Use functions, structures, macros and all of Scheme expressiveness for your package definitions."
  515. msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser des fonctions, des structures, des macros et toute l'expressivité de Scheme dans vos définitions de paquets."
  516. #. type: itemize
  517. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:341
  518. msgid "Inheritance makes it easy to customize a package by inheriting from it and modifying only what is needed."
  519. msgstr "L'héritage facilite la personnalisation d'un paquet en héritant d'un autre et en modifiant uniquement les points nécessaires."
  520. #. type: itemize
  521. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:351
  522. msgid "Batch processing: the whole package collection can be parsed, filtered and processed. Building a headless server with all graphical interfaces stripped out? It's possible. Want to rebuild everything from source using specific compiler optimization flags? Pass the @code{#:make-flags \"...\"} argument to the list of packages. It wouldn't be a stretch to think @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, Gentoo USE flags} here, but this goes even further: the changes don't have to be thought out beforehand by the packager, they can be @emph{programmed} by the user!"
  523. msgstr "Traitement par lot : la collection des paquets entière peut être analysée, filtrée et traitée. Vous voulez construire un serveur sans interface graphique ? C'est possible. Vous voulez tout reconstruire à partir des sources avec des drapeaux d'optimisation spécifiques ? Passez l'argument @code{#:make-flags \"…\"} à la liste des paquets. Ce ne serait pas aberrant de penser @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, au drapeau USE de Gentoo}, mais cela va plus loin : la personne qui crée les paquets n'a pas besoin de penser à l'avance à ces changements, ils peuvent être @emph{programmés} par l'utilisateur ou l'utilisatrice !"
  524. #. type: Plain text
  525. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:357
  526. msgid "The following tutorial covers all the basics around package creation with Guix. It does not assume much knowledge of the Guix system nor of the Lisp language. The reader is only expected to be familiar with the command line and to have some basic programming knowledge."
  527. msgstr "Le didacticiel suivant traite des bases de la création de paquets avec Guix. Il ne présuppose aucune connaissance du système Guix ni du langage Lisp. On ne s'attend qu'à ce que vous aillez une certaine familiarité avec la ligne de commande et des connaissances de base en programmation."
  528. #. type: subsection
  529. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:358 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:359
  530. #, no-wrap
  531. msgid "A ``Hello World'' package"
  532. msgstr "Un paquet « hello world »"
  533. #. type: Plain text
  534. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:364
  535. msgid "The ``Defining Packages'' section of the manual introduces the basics of Guix packaging (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}). In the following section, we will partly go over those basics again."
  536. msgstr "La section « Définir des paquets » du manuel explique les bases de l'empaquetage avec Guix (@pxref{Définir des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). Dans la section suivante, nous reparlerons en partie de ces bases."
  537. #. type: Plain text
  538. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:370
  539. msgid "GNU@tie{}Hello is a dummy project that serves as an idiomatic example for packaging. It uses the GNU build system (@code{./configure && make && make install}). Guix already provides a package definition which is a perfect example to start with. You can look up its declaration with @code{guix edit hello} from the command line. Let's see how it looks:"
  540. msgstr "GNU@tie{}Hello est un exemple de projet qui sert d'exemple idiomatique pour l'empaquetage. Il utilise le système de construction de GNU (@code{./configure && make && make install}). Guix fournit déjà une définition de paquet qui est un parfait exemple pour commencer. Vous pouvez voir sa déclaration avec @code{guix edit hello} depuis la ligne de commande. Voyons à quoi elle ressemble :"
  541. #. type: lisp
  542. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:391
  543. #, no-wrap
  544. msgid ""
  545. "(define-public hello\n"
  546. " (package\n"
  547. " (name \"hello\")\n"
  548. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  549. " (source (origin\n"
  550. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  551. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  552. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  553. " (sha256\n"
  554. " (base32\n"
  555. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  556. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  557. " (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
  558. " (description\n"
  559. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  560. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  561. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  562. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  563. " (license gpl3+)))\n"
  564. msgstr ""
  565. "(define-public hello\n"
  566. " (package\n"
  567. " (name \"hello\")\n"
  568. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  569. " (source (origin\n"
  570. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  571. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  572. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  573. " (sha256\n"
  574. " (base32\n"
  575. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  576. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  577. " (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
  578. " (description\n"
  579. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  580. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  581. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  582. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  583. " (license gpl3+)))\n"
  584. #. type: Plain text
  585. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:395
  586. msgid "As you can see, most of it is rather straightforward. But let's review the fields together:"
  587. msgstr "Comme vous pouvez le voir, la plus grosse partie est assez simple. Mais examinons les champs ensemble :"
  588. #. type: item
  589. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:397
  590. #, no-wrap
  591. msgid "name"
  592. msgstr "name"
  593. #. type: table
  594. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:400
  595. msgid "The project name. Using Scheme conventions, we prefer to keep it lower case, without underscore and using dash-separated words."
  596. msgstr "Le nom du projet. Avec les conventions de Scheme, on préfère le laisser en minuscule, sans tiret du bas, en séparant les mots par des tirets."
  597. #. type: item
  598. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:401
  599. #, no-wrap
  600. msgid "source"
  601. msgstr "source"
  602. #. type: table
  603. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:404
  604. msgid "This field contains a description of the source code origin. The @code{origin} record contains these fields:"
  605. msgstr "Ce champ contient une description de l'origine du code source. L'enregistrement @code{origin} contient ces champs :"
  606. #. type: item
  607. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:406
  608. #, no-wrap
  609. msgid "The method, here @code{url-fetch} to download via HTTP/FTP, but other methods"
  610. msgstr "La méthode, ici @code{url-fetch} pour télécharger via HTTP/FTP, mais d'autres méthodes"
  611. #. type: enumerate
  612. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
  613. msgid "exist, such as @code{git-fetch} for Git repositories."
  614. msgstr "existent, comme @code{git-fetch} pour les dépôts Git."
  615. #. type: item
  616. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
  617. #, no-wrap
  618. msgid "The URI, which is typically some @code{https://} location for @code{url-fetch}. Here"
  619. msgstr "L'URI, qui est typiquement un emplacement @code{https://} pour @code{url-fetch}. Ici"
  620. #. type: enumerate
  621. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:411
  622. msgid "the special `mirror://gnu` refers to a set of well known locations, all of which can be used by Guix to fetch the source, should some of them fail."
  623. msgstr "le code spécial « mirror://gnu » fait référence à une ensemble d'emplacements bien connus, qui peuvent tous être utilisés par Guix pour récupérer la source, si l'un d'entre eux échoue."
  624. #. type: item
  625. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:411
  626. #, no-wrap
  627. msgid "The @code{sha256} checksum of the requested file. This is essential to ensure"
  628. msgstr "La somme de contrôle @code{sha256} du fichier demandé. C'est essentiel pour s'assurer"
  629. #. type: enumerate
  630. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:414
  631. msgid "the source is not corrupted. Note that Guix works with base32 strings, hence the call to the @code{base32} function."
  632. msgstr "que la source n'est pas corrompue. Remarquez que Guix fonctionne avec des chaînes en base32, d'où l'appel à la fonction @code{base32}."
  633. #. type: item
  634. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:416
  635. #, no-wrap
  636. msgid "build-system"
  637. msgstr "build-system"
  638. #. type: table
  639. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:425
  640. msgid "This is where the power of abstraction provided by the Scheme language really shines: in this case, the @code{gnu-build-system} abstracts away the famous @code{./configure && make && make install} shell invocations. Other build systems include the @code{trivial-build-system} which does not do anything and requires from the packager to program all the build steps, the @code{python-build-system}, the @code{emacs-build-system}, and many more (@pxref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  641. msgstr "C'est ici que la puissance d'abstraction du langage Scheme brille de toute sa splendeur : dans ce cas, le @code{gnu-build-system} permet d'abstraire les fameuses invocations shell @code{./configure && make && make install}. Parmi les autres systèmes de construction on trouve le @code{trivial-build-system} qui ne fait rien et demande de programmer toutes les étapes de construction, le @code{python-build-system}, @code{emacs-build-system} et bien d'autres (@pxref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  642. #. type: item
  643. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:426
  644. #, no-wrap
  645. msgid "synopsis"
  646. msgstr "synopsis"
  647. #. type: table
  648. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:429
  649. msgid "It should be a concise summary of what the package does. For many packages a tagline from the project's home page can be used as the synopsis."
  650. msgstr "Le synopsis devrait être un résumé court de ce que fait le paquet. Pour beaucoup de paquets, le slogan de la page d'accueil du projet est approprié pour le synopsis."
  651. #. type: item
  652. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:430
  653. #, no-wrap
  654. msgid "description"
  655. msgstr "description"
  656. #. type: table
  657. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:433
  658. msgid "Same as for the synopsis, it's fine to re-use the project description from the homepage. Note that Guix uses Texinfo syntax."
  659. msgstr "Comme le synopsis, vous pouvez réutiliser la description de la page d'accueil du projet. Remarquez que Guix utilise la syntaxe Texinfo."
  660. #. type: item
  661. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:434
  662. #, no-wrap
  663. msgid "home-page"
  664. msgstr "home-page"
  665. #. type: table
  666. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:436
  667. msgid "Use HTTPS if available."
  668. msgstr "Utilisez l'adresse en HTTPS si elle est disponible."
  669. #. type: item
  670. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:437
  671. #, no-wrap
  672. msgid "license"
  673. msgstr "license"
  674. #. type: table
  675. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:440
  676. msgid "See @code{guix/licenses.scm} in the project source for a full list of available licenses."
  677. msgstr "Voir @code{guix/licenses.scm} dans les sources du projet pour une liste complète des licences disponibles."
  678. #. type: Plain text
  679. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:444
  680. msgid "Time to build our first package! Nothing fancy here for now: we will stick to a dummy @code{my-hello}, a copy of the above declaration."
  681. msgstr "Il est temps de construire notre premier paquet ! Rien de bien compliqué pour l'instant : nous allons garder notre exemple avec @code{my-hello}, une copie de la déclaration montrée plus haut."
  682. #. type: Plain text
  683. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:448
  684. msgid "As with the ritualistic ``Hello World'' taught with most programming languages, this will possibly be the most ``manual'' approach. We will work out an ideal setup later; for now we will go the simplest route."
  685. msgstr "Comme avec le rituel « Hello World » enseigné avec la plupart des langages de programmation, ce sera sans doute l'approche la plus « manuelle » d'empaquetage que vous utiliserez. Nous vous montrerons une configuration idéale plus tard, pour l'instant nous allons suivre la voie la plus simple."
  686. #. type: Plain text
  687. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:450
  688. msgid "Save the following to a file @file{my-hello.scm}."
  689. msgstr "Enregistrez ce qui suit dans un fichier nommé @file{my-hello.scm}."
  690. #. type: lisp
  691. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:456
  692. #, no-wrap
  693. msgid ""
  694. "(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
  695. " (guix download)\n"
  696. " (guix build-system gnu)\n"
  697. " (guix licenses))\n"
  698. "\n"
  699. msgstr ""
  700. "(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
  701. " (guix download)\n"
  702. " (guix build-system gnu)\n"
  703. " (guix licenses))\n"
  704. "\n"
  705. #. type: lisp
  706. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:475
  707. #, no-wrap
  708. msgid ""
  709. "(package\n"
  710. " (name \"my-hello\")\n"
  711. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  712. " (source (origin\n"
  713. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  714. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  715. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  716. " (sha256\n"
  717. " (base32\n"
  718. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  719. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  720. " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
  721. " (description\n"
  722. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  723. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  724. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  725. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  726. " (license gpl3+))\n"
  727. msgstr ""
  728. "(package\n"
  729. " (name \"my-hello\")\n"
  730. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  731. " (source (origin\n"
  732. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  733. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  734. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  735. " (sha256\n"
  736. " (base32\n"
  737. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  738. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  739. " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
  740. " (description\n"
  741. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  742. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  743. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  744. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  745. " (license gpl3+))\n"
  746. #. type: Plain text
  747. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:478
  748. msgid "We will explain the extra code in a moment."
  749. msgstr "Nous allons expliquer le code supplémentaire dans un moment."
  750. #. type: Plain text
  751. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:485
  752. msgid "Feel free to play with the different values of the various fields. If you change the source, you'll need to update the checksum. Indeed, Guix refuses to build anything if the given checksum does not match the computed checksum of the source code. To obtain the correct checksum of the package declaration, we need to download the source, compute the sha256 checksum and convert it to base32."
  753. msgstr "Essayez de jouer avec les différentes valeurs des différents champs. Si vous changez la source, vous devrez mettre à jour la somme de contrôle. En fait, Guix refusera de construire quoi que ce soit si la somme de contrôle donnée ne correspond pas à la somme de contrôle calculée de la source téléchargée. Pour obtenir la bonne somme de contrôle pour une déclaration de paquet, vous devrez télécharger la source, calculer la somme de contrôle sha256 et la convertir en base32."
  754. #. type: Plain text
  755. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:488
  756. msgid "Thankfully, Guix can automate this task for us; all we need is to provide the URI:"
  757. msgstr "Heureusement, Guix peut automatiser cette tache pour nous ; tout ce qu'on doit faire est de lui fournir l'URI :"
  758. #. type: example
  759. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:492
  760. #, no-wrap
  761. msgid ""
  762. "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  763. "\n"
  764. msgstr ""
  765. "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  766. "\n"
  767. #. type: example
  768. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:499
  769. #, no-wrap
  770. msgid ""
  771. "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
  772. "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
  773. "following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
  774. " …10.tar.gz 709KiB 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
  775. "/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  776. "0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
  777. msgstr ""
  778. "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
  779. "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
  780. "following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
  781. " …10.tar.gz 709KiB 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
  782. "/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  783. "0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
  784. #. type: Plain text
  785. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:504
  786. msgid "In this specific case the output tells us which mirror was chosen. If the result of the above command is not the same as in the above snippet, update your @code{my-hello} declaration accordingly."
  787. msgstr "Dans ce cas particulier, la sortie nous dit quel miroir a été choisi. Si le résultat de la commande au-dessus n'est pas le même que ce qui est montré, mettez à jour votre déclaration @code{my-hello} en fonction."
  788. #. type: Plain text
  789. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:508
  790. msgid "Note that GNU package tarballs come with an OpenPGP signature, so you should definitely check the signature of this tarball with `gpg` to authenticate it before going further:"
  791. msgstr "Remarquez que les archives des paquets GNU sont accompagnées de leur signature OpenPGP, donc vous devriez vérifier la signature de cette archive avec « gpg » pour l'authentifier avant d'aller plus loin :"
  792. #. type: example
  793. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:512
  794. #, no-wrap
  795. msgid ""
  796. "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
  797. "\n"
  798. msgstr ""
  799. "$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
  800. "\n"
  801. #. type: example
  802. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:527
  803. #, no-wrap
  804. msgid ""
  805. "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
  806. "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
  807. "following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
  808. " ….tar.gz.sig 819B 1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
  809. "/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
  810. "0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
  811. "$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  812. "gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Nov 2014 01:08:37 PM CET\n"
  813. "gpg: using RSA key A9553245FDE9B739\n"
  814. "gpg: Good signature from \"Sami Kerola <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
  815. "gpg: aka \"Sami Kerola (http://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
  816. "gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!\n"
  817. "gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.\n"
  818. "Primary key fingerprint: 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005 30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"
  819. msgstr ""
  820. "Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
  821. "From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
  822. "following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
  823. " ….tar.gz.sig 819B 1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
  824. "/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
  825. "0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
  826. "$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
  827. "gpg: Signature faite le dim. 16 nov. 2014 13:08:37 CET\n"
  828. "gpg: avec la clef RSA A9553245FDE9B739\n"
  829. "gpg: Bonne signature de « Sami Kerola (https://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi> » [inconnu]\n"
  830. "gpg: Attention : cette clef n'est pas certifiée avec une signature de confiance.\n"
  831. "gpg: Rien n'indique que la signature appartient à son propriétaire.\n"
  832. "Empreinte de clef principale : 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005 30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"
  833. #. type: Plain text
  834. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:530
  835. msgid "You can then happily run"
  836. msgstr "Vous pouvez ensuite lancer"
  837. #. type: example
  838. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:534
  839. #, no-wrap
  840. msgid "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
  841. msgstr "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
  842. #. type: Plain text
  843. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:537
  844. msgid "You should now have @code{my-hello} in your profile!"
  845. msgstr "Vous devriez maintenant avoir @code{my-hello} dans votre profil !"
  846. #. type: example
  847. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:543
  848. #, no-wrap
  849. msgid ""
  850. "$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
  851. "my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
  852. "/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
  853. msgstr ""
  854. "$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
  855. "my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
  856. "/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
  857. #. type: Plain text
  858. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:548
  859. msgid "We've gone as far as we could without any knowledge of Scheme. Before moving on to more complex packages, now is the right time to brush up on your Scheme knowledge. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} to get up to speed."
  860. msgstr "Nous sommes allés aussi loin que possible sans aucune connaissance de Scheme. Avant de continuer sur des paquets plus complexes, il est maintenant temps de vous renforcer sur votre connaissance du langage Scheme. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} pour démarrer."
  861. #. type: subsection
  862. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:549 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:550
  863. #, no-wrap
  864. msgid "Setup"
  865. msgstr "Configuration"
  866. #. type: Plain text
  867. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:555
  868. msgid "In the rest of this chapter we will rely on some basic Scheme programming knowledge. Now let's detail the different possible setups for working on Guix packages."
  869. msgstr "Dans le reste de ce chapitre, nous nous appuierons sur vos connaissances de base du langage Scheme. Maintenant voyons les différentes configurations possibles pour travailler sur des paquets Guix."
  870. #. type: Plain text
  871. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:557
  872. msgid "There are several ways to set up a Guix packaging environment."
  873. msgstr "Il y a plusieurs moyens de mettre en place un environnement d'empaquetage pour Guix."
  874. #. type: Plain text
  875. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:560
  876. msgid "We recommend you work directly on the Guix source checkout since it makes it easier for everyone to contribute to the project."
  877. msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement dans le dépôt des sources de Guix car ça facilitera la contribution au projet."
  878. #. type: Plain text
  879. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:562
  880. msgid "But first, let's look at other possibilities."
  881. msgstr "Mais d'abord, voyons les autres possibilités."
  882. #. type: subsubsection
  883. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:563 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:564
  884. #, no-wrap
  885. msgid "Local file"
  886. msgstr "Fichier local"
  887. #. type: Plain text
  888. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:569
  889. msgid "This is what we previously did with @samp{my-hello}. With the Scheme basics we've covered, we are now able to explain the leading chunks. As stated in @code{guix package --help}:"
  890. msgstr "C'est ce que nous venons de faire avec @samp{my-hello}. Avec les bases de Scheme que nous vous avons présentées, nous pouvons maintenant éclairer le sens du début du fichier. Comme le dit @code{guix package --help} :"
  891. #. type: example
  892. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:574
  893. #, no-wrap
  894. msgid ""
  895. " -f, --install-from-file=FILE\n"
  896. " install the package that the code within FILE\n"
  897. " evaluates to\n"
  898. msgstr ""
  899. " -f, --install-from-file=FICHIER\n"
  900. " installer le paquet évalué par le code dans\n"
  901. " FICHIER\n"
  902. #. type: Plain text
  903. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:578
  904. msgid "Thus the last expression @emph{must} return a package, which is the case in our earlier example."
  905. msgstr "Ainsi, la dernière expression @emph{doit} renvoyer un paquet, ce qui est le cas dans notre exemple précédent."
  906. #. type: Plain text
  907. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:582
  908. msgid "The @code{use-modules} expression tells which of the modules we need in the file. Modules are a collection of values and procedures. They are commonly called ``libraries'' or ``packages'' in other programming languages."
  909. msgstr "L'expression @code{use-modules} indique quels modules sont nécessaires dans le fichier. Les modules sont des collections de valeurs et de procédures. Ils sont souvent appelés « bibliothèques » ou « paquets » dans d'autres langages de programmation."
  910. #. type: node
  911. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:583
  912. #, no-wrap
  913. msgid "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
  914. msgstr "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
  915. #. type: samp{#1}
  916. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:584
  917. #, no-wrap
  918. msgid "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
  919. msgstr "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
  920. #. type: emph{#1}
  921. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:588
  922. msgid "Note: Starting from Guix 0.16, the more flexible Guix @dfn{channels} are the preferred way and supersede @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. See next section."
  923. msgstr "Remarque : à partir de Guix 0.16, les @dfn{canaux} plus flexibles sont préférables et remplacent @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. Voir la section suivante."
  924. #. type: Plain text
  925. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:592
  926. msgid "It can be tedious to specify the file from the command line instead of simply calling @code{guix package --install my-hello} as you would do with the official packages."
  927. msgstr "Il peut être fastidieux de spécifier le fichier depuis la ligne de commande par rapport à un appel à @code{guix package --install my-hello} comme on le ferait pour les paquets officiels."
  928. #. type: Plain text
  929. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:595
  930. msgid "Guix makes it possible to streamline the process by adding as many ``package declaration directories'' as you want."
  931. msgstr "Guix permet d'uniformiser le processus en ajoutant autant de « répertoires de déclaration de paquets » que vous le souhaitez."
  932. #. type: Plain text
  933. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:598
  934. msgid "Create a directory, say @file{~/guix-packages} and add it to the @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} environment variable:"
  935. msgstr "Créez un répertoire, disons @file{~/guix-packages} et ajoutez-le à la variable d'environnement @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} :"
  936. #. type: example
  937. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:602
  938. #, no-wrap
  939. msgid ""
  940. "$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
  941. "$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
  942. msgstr ""
  943. "$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
  944. "$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
  945. #. type: Plain text
  946. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:605
  947. msgid "To add several directories, separate them with a colon (@code{:})."
  948. msgstr "Pour ajouter plusieurs répertoires, séparez-les avec un deux-points (@code{:})."
  949. #. type: Plain text
  950. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:607
  951. msgid "Our previous @samp{my-hello} needs some adjustments though:"
  952. msgstr "Notre @samp{my-hello} précédent doit être légèrement ajusté :"
  953. #. type: lisp
  954. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:614
  955. #, no-wrap
  956. msgid ""
  957. "(define-module (my-hello)\n"
  958. " #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
  959. " #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
  960. " #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
  961. " #:use-module (guix download))\n"
  962. "\n"
  963. msgstr ""
  964. "(define-module (my-hello)\n"
  965. " #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
  966. " #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
  967. " #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
  968. " #:use-module (guix download))\n"
  969. "\n"
  970. #. type: lisp
  971. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:634
  972. #, no-wrap
  973. msgid ""
  974. "(define-public my-hello\n"
  975. " (package\n"
  976. " (name \"my-hello\")\n"
  977. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  978. " (source (origin\n"
  979. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  980. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  981. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  982. " (sha256\n"
  983. " (base32\n"
  984. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  985. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  986. " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
  987. " (description\n"
  988. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  989. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  990. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  991. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  992. " (license gpl3+)))\n"
  993. msgstr ""
  994. "(define-public my-hello\n"
  995. " (package\n"
  996. " (name \"my-hello\")\n"
  997. " (version \"2.10\")\n"
  998. " (source (origin\n"
  999. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  1000. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
  1001. " \".tar.gz\"))\n"
  1002. " (sha256\n"
  1003. " (base32\n"
  1004. " \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
  1005. " (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
  1006. " (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
  1007. " (description\n"
  1008. " \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
  1009. "serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it supports\n"
  1010. "command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
  1011. " (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
  1012. " (license gpl3+)))\n"
  1013. #. type: Plain text
  1014. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:640
  1015. msgid "Note that we have assigned the package value to an exported variable name with @code{define-public}. This is effectively assigning the package to the @code{my-hello} variable so that it can be referenced, among other as dependency of other packages."
  1016. msgstr "Remarquez que nous avons assigné la valeur du paquet à un nom de variable exportée avec @code{define-public}. Cela assigne en fait le paquet à la variable @code{my-hello} pour qu'elle puisse être utilisée, par exemple en dépendance d'un autre paquet."
  1017. #. type: Plain text
  1018. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:645
  1019. msgid "If you use @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} on the above file, it will fail because the last expression, @code{define-public}, does not return a package. If you want to use @code{define-public} in this use-case nonetheless, make sure the file ends with an evaluation of @code{my-hello}:"
  1020. msgstr "Si vous utilisez @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} avec le fichier précédent, la commande échouera car la dernière expression, @code{define-public}, ne renvoie pas un paquet. Si vous voulez utiliser @code{define-public} dans ce cas tout de même, assurez-vous que le fichier termine par une évaluation de @code{my-hello} :"
  1021. #. type: lisp
  1022. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:651
  1023. #, no-wrap
  1024. msgid ""
  1025. "; ...\n"
  1026. "(define-public my-hello\n"
  1027. " ; ...\n"
  1028. " )\n"
  1029. "\n"
  1030. msgstr ""
  1031. "; ...\n"
  1032. "(define-public my-hello\n"
  1033. " ; ...\n"
  1034. " )\n"
  1035. "\n"
  1036. #. type: lisp
  1037. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:653
  1038. #, no-wrap
  1039. msgid "my-hello\n"
  1040. msgstr "my-hello\n"
  1041. #. type: Plain text
  1042. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:656
  1043. msgid "This last example is not very typical."
  1044. msgstr "Ce dernier exemple n'est pas très typique."
  1045. #. type: Plain text
  1046. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:659
  1047. msgid "Now @samp{my-hello} should be part of the package collection like all other official packages. You can verify this with:"
  1048. msgstr "Maintenant @samp{my-hello} devrait faire partie de la collection de paquets comme tous les paquets officiels. Vous pouvez le vérifier avec :"
  1049. #. type: example
  1050. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:662
  1051. #, no-wrap
  1052. msgid "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
  1053. msgstr "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
  1054. #. type: subsubsection
  1055. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:664 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:665
  1056. #, no-wrap
  1057. msgid "Guix channels"
  1058. msgstr "Canaux Guix"
  1059. #. type: Plain text
  1060. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:671
  1061. msgid "Guix 0.16 features channels, which is very similar to @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} but provides better integration and provenance tracking. Channels are not necessarily local, they can be maintained as a public Git repository for instance. Of course, several channels can be used at the same time."
  1062. msgstr "Guix 0.16 a introduit la notion de canaux, qui sont similaires à @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} mais fournit une meilleure intégration et un meilleur suivi de la provenance. Les canaux ne sont pas nécessairement locaux et ils peuvent être maintenus dans un dépôt Git public par exemple. Bien sûr, vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs canaux en même temps."
  1063. #. type: Plain text
  1064. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:673
  1065. msgid "@xref{Channels,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for setup details."
  1066. msgstr "@xref{Canaux,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour des détails sur la mise en place des canaux."
  1067. #. type: subsubsection
  1068. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:674 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:675
  1069. #, no-wrap
  1070. msgid "Direct checkout hacking"
  1071. msgstr "Bidouillage direct dans le dépôt git"
  1072. #. type: Plain text
  1073. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:680
  1074. msgid "Working directly on the Guix project is recommended: it reduces the friction when the time comes to submit your changes upstream to let the community benefit from your hard work!"
  1075. msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement sur le projet Guix : cela réduit le travail nécessaire quand vous voudrez soumettre vos changements en amont pour que la communauté puisse bénéficier de votre dur labeur !"
  1076. #. type: Plain text
  1077. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:686
  1078. msgid "Unlike most software distributions, the Guix repository holds in one place both the tooling (including the package manager) and the package definitions. This choice was made so that it would give developers the flexibility to modify the API without breakage by updating all packages at the same time. This reduces development inertia."
  1079. msgstr "Contrairement à la plupart des distributions logiciels, le dépôt Guix contient à la fois les outils (dont le gestionnaire de paquets) et les définitions des paquets. Nous avons fait ce choix pour permettre aux développeurs et développeuses de profiter de plus de flexibilité pour changer l'API sans rien casser, en mettant à jour tous les paquets en même temps. Cela réduit l'inertie dans le développement."
  1080. #. type: Plain text
  1081. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:688
  1082. msgid "Check out the official @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} repository:"
  1083. msgstr "Clonez le dépôt @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} officiel :"
  1084. #. type: example
  1085. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:691
  1086. #, no-wrap
  1087. msgid "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
  1088. msgstr "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
  1089. #. type: Plain text
  1090. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:695
  1091. msgid "In the rest of this article, we use @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} to refer to the location of the checkout."
  1092. msgstr "Dans le reste de cet article, nous utiliserons @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} pour faire référence à l'emplacement de ce clone."
  1093. #. type: Plain text
  1094. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:699
  1095. msgid "Follow the instructions in the manual (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) to set up the repository environment."
  1096. msgstr "Suivez les instructions du manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) pour mettre en place l'environnement du dépôt."
  1097. #. type: Plain text
  1098. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:702
  1099. msgid "Once ready, you should be able to use the package definitions from the repository environment."
  1100. msgstr "Une fois prêts, vous devriez pouvoir utiliser les définitions des paquets de l'environnement du dépôt."
  1101. #. type: Plain text
  1102. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:704
  1103. msgid "Feel free to edit package definitions found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
  1104. msgstr "N'ayez pas peur de modifier les définitions des paquets que vous trouverez dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
  1105. #. type: Plain text
  1106. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:708
  1107. msgid "The @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} script lets you use @samp{guix} over the package collection of the repository (@pxref{Running Guix Before It Is Installed,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1108. msgstr "Le script @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} vous permet d'utiliser @samp{guix} sur la collection de paquets du dépôt (@pxref{Lancer Guix avant qu’il ne soit installé,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  1109. #. type: itemize
  1110. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:712
  1111. msgid "Search packages, such as Ruby:"
  1112. msgstr "Recherchez des paquets, comme Ruby :"
  1113. #. type: example
  1114. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:719
  1115. #, no-wrap
  1116. msgid ""
  1117. " $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
  1118. " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
  1119. " ruby 1.8.7-p374 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
  1120. " ruby 2.1.6 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
  1121. " ruby 2.2.2 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
  1122. msgstr ""
  1123. " $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
  1124. " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
  1125. " ruby 1.8.7-p374 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
  1126. " ruby 2.1.6 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
  1127. " ruby 2.2.2 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
  1128. #. type: itemize
  1129. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:723
  1130. msgid "Build a package, here Ruby version 2.1:"
  1131. msgstr "Construisez un paquet, ici Ruby version 2.1 :"
  1132. #. type: example
  1133. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:727
  1134. #, no-wrap
  1135. msgid ""
  1136. " $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
  1137. " /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
  1138. msgstr ""
  1139. " $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
  1140. " /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
  1141. #. type: itemize
  1142. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:731
  1143. msgid "Install it to your user profile:"
  1144. msgstr "Installez-le dans votre profil utilisateur :"
  1145. #. type: example
  1146. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:734
  1147. #, no-wrap
  1148. msgid " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
  1149. msgstr " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
  1150. #. type: itemize
  1151. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:738
  1152. msgid "Check for common mistakes:"
  1153. msgstr "Vérifiez que vous n'avez pas fait l'une des erreurs courantes :"
  1154. #. type: example
  1155. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:741
  1156. #, no-wrap
  1157. msgid " $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
  1158. msgstr " $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
  1159. #. type: Plain text
  1160. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:746
  1161. msgid "Guix strives at maintaining a high packaging standard; when contributing to the Guix project, remember to"
  1162. msgstr "Guix essaye de maintenir un bon standard d'empaquetage ; quand vous contribuez au projet Guix, rappelez-vous de"
  1163. #. type: itemize
  1164. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:750
  1165. msgid "follow the coding style (@pxref{Coding Style,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}),"
  1166. msgstr "suivre le style de code (@pxref{Style de code,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}),"
  1167. #. type: itemize
  1168. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:752
  1169. msgid "and review the check list from the manual (@pxref{Submitting Patches,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1170. msgstr "et de vérifier la check-list du manuel (@pxref{Envoyer des correctifs,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  1171. #. type: Plain text
  1172. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:756
  1173. msgid "Once you are happy with the result, you are welcome to send your contribution to make it part of Guix. This process is also detailed in the manual. (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})"
  1174. msgstr "Une fois que vous êtes satisfait du résultat, vous pouvez envoyer votre contribution pour qu'elle rentre dans Guix. Ce processus est aussi détaillé dans le manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})"
  1175. #. type: Plain text
  1176. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:759
  1177. msgid "It's a community effort so the more join in, the better Guix becomes!"
  1178. msgstr "Guix est un projet communautaire, donc plus on est de fous, plus on rit !"
  1179. #. type: subsection
  1180. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:760 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:761
  1181. #, no-wrap
  1182. msgid "Extended example"
  1183. msgstr "Exemple avancé"
  1184. #. type: Plain text
  1185. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:766
  1186. msgid "The above ``Hello World'' example is as simple as it goes. Packages can be more complex than that and Guix can handle more advanced scenarios. Let's look at another, more sophisticated package (slightly modified from the source):"
  1187. msgstr "L'exemple « Hello World » précédent est le plus simple possible. Les paquets peuvent devenir plus complexes que cela et Guix peut gérer des scénarios plus avancés. Voyons un autre paquet plus sophistiqué (légèrement modifié à partir des sources) :"
  1188. #. type: lisp
  1189. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:780
  1190. #, no-wrap
  1191. msgid ""
  1192. "(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
  1193. " #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
  1194. " #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
  1195. " #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
  1196. " #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
  1197. " #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
  1198. " #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
  1199. " #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
  1200. " #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
  1201. " #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
  1202. " #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
  1203. " #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
  1204. "\n"
  1205. msgstr ""
  1206. "(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
  1207. " #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
  1208. " #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
  1209. " #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
  1210. " #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
  1211. " #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
  1212. " #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
  1213. " #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
  1214. " #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
  1215. " #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
  1216. " #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
  1217. " #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
  1218. "\n"
  1219. #. type: lisp
  1220. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:834
  1221. #, no-wrap
  1222. msgid ""
  1223. "(define-public my-libgit2\n"
  1224. " (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
  1225. " (revision \"1\"))\n"
  1226. " (package\n"
  1227. " (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
  1228. " (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
  1229. " (source (origin\n"
  1230. " (method git-fetch)\n"
  1231. " (uri (git-reference\n"
  1232. " (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
  1233. " (commit commit)))\n"
  1234. " (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
  1235. " (sha256\n"
  1236. " (base32\n"
  1237. " \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
  1238. " (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
  1239. " (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
  1240. " ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
  1241. " (snippet '(delete-file-recursively \"deps\"))))\n"
  1242. " (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
  1243. " (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
  1244. " (arguments\n"
  1245. " `(#:tests? #true ; Run the test suite (this is the default)\n"
  1246. " #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision detection\n"
  1247. " #:phases\n"
  1248. " (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
  1249. " (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
  1250. " (lambda _\n"
  1251. " (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
  1252. " ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
  1253. " (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
  1254. " ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
  1255. " ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))))\n"
  1256. " ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
  1257. " (replace 'check\n"
  1258. " (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
  1259. " (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
  1260. " (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
  1261. " (inputs\n"
  1262. " (list libssh2 http-parser python-wrapper))\n"
  1263. " (native-inputs\n"
  1264. " (list pkg-config))\n"
  1265. " (propagated-inputs\n"
  1266. " ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
  1267. " (list openssl zlib))\n"
  1268. " (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
  1269. " (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
  1270. " (description\n"
  1271. " \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
  1272. "provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
  1273. "write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
  1274. " ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
  1275. " (license license:gpl2))))\n"
  1276. msgstr ""
  1277. "(define-public my-libgit2\n"
  1278. " (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
  1279. " (revision \"1\"))\n"
  1280. " (package\n"
  1281. " (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
  1282. " (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
  1283. " (source (origin\n"
  1284. " (method git-fetch)\n"
  1285. " (uri (git-reference\n"
  1286. " (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
  1287. " (commit commit)))\n"
  1288. " (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
  1289. " (sha256\n"
  1290. " (base32\n"
  1291. " \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
  1292. " (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
  1293. " (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
  1294. " ;; Suppression des logiciels embarqués.\n"
  1295. " (snippet '(delete-file-recursively \"deps\"))))\n"
  1296. " (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
  1297. " (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
  1298. " (arguments\n"
  1299. " `(#:tests? #true ; Lancer la suite de tests (c'est la valeur par défaut)\n"
  1300. " #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; détection de collision SHA-1\n"
  1301. " #:phases\n"
  1302. " (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
  1303. " (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
  1304. " (lambda _\n"
  1305. " (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
  1306. " ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
  1307. " (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
  1308. " ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
  1309. " ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))))\n"
  1310. " ;; Lancer les tests avec plus de verbosité.\n"
  1311. " (replace 'check\n"
  1312. " (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
  1313. " (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
  1314. " (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
  1315. " (inputs\n"
  1316. " (list libssh2 http-parser python-wrapper))\n"
  1317. " (native-inputs\n"
  1318. " (list pkg-config))\n"
  1319. " (propagated-inputs\n"
  1320. " ;; Ces deux bibliothèques sont dans « Requires.private », dans libgit2.pc.\n"
  1321. " (list openssl zlib))\n"
  1322. " (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
  1323. " (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
  1324. " (description\n"
  1325. " \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
  1326. "provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
  1327. "write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
  1328. " ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
  1329. " (license license:gpl2))))\n"
  1330. #. type: Plain text
  1331. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:839
  1332. msgid "(In those cases were you only want to tweak a few fields from a package definition, you should rely on inheritance instead of copy-pasting everything. See below.)"
  1333. msgstr "(Dans les cas où vous voulez seulement changer quelques champs d'une définition de paquets, vous devriez utiliser l'héritage au lieu de tout copier-coller. Voir plus bas.)"
  1334. #. type: Plain text
  1335. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:841
  1336. msgid "Let's discuss those fields in depth."
  1337. msgstr "Parlons maintenant de ces champs en détail."
  1338. #. type: subsubsection
  1339. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:842
  1340. #, no-wrap
  1341. msgid "@code{git-fetch} method"
  1342. msgstr "La méthode @code{git-fetch}"
  1343. #. type: Plain text
  1344. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:849
  1345. msgid "Unlike the @code{url-fetch} method, @code{git-fetch} expects a @code{git-reference} which takes a Git repository and a commit. The commit can be any Git reference such as tags, so if the @code{version} is tagged, then it can be used directly. Sometimes the tag is prefixed with a @code{v}, in which case you'd use @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."
  1346. msgstr "Contrairement à la méthode @code{url-fetch}, @code{git-fetch} a besoin d'un @code{git-reference} qui prend un dépôt Git et un commit. Le commit peut être n'importe quelle référence Git comme des tags, donc si la @code{version} a un tag associé, vous pouvez l'utiliser directement. Parfois le tag est précédé de @code{v}, auquel cas vous pouvez utiliser @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."
  1347. #. type: Plain text
  1348. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:853
  1349. msgid "To ensure that the source code from the Git repository is stored in a directory with a descriptive name, we use @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."
  1350. msgstr "Pour vous assurer que le code source du dépôt Git est stocké dans un répertoire avec un nom descriptif, utilisez @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."
  1351. #. type: Plain text
  1352. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:858
  1353. msgid "The @code{git-version} procedure can be used to derive the version when packaging programs for a specific commit, following the Guix contributor guidelines (@pxref{Version Numbers,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1354. msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser la procédure @code{git-version} pour calculer la version quand vous empaquetez des programmes pour un commit spécifique, en suivant le guide de contribution (@pxref{Numéros de version,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  1355. #. type: Plain text
  1356. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:862
  1357. msgid "How does one obtain the @code{sha256} hash that's in there, you ask? By invoking @command{guix hash} on a checkout of the desired commit, along these lines:"
  1358. msgstr "Comment obtenir le hash @code{sha256}, vous demandez-vous ? En invoquant @command{guix hash} sur un clone du commit voulu, de cette manière :"
  1359. #. type: example
  1360. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:868
  1361. #, no-wrap
  1362. msgid ""
  1363. "git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
  1364. "cd libgit2\n"
  1365. "git checkout v0.26.6\n"
  1366. "guix hash -rx .\n"
  1367. msgstr ""
  1368. "git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
  1369. "cd libgit2\n"
  1370. "git checkout v0.26.6\n"
  1371. "guix hash -rx .\n"
  1372. #. type: Plain text
  1373. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:873
  1374. msgid "@command{guix hash -rx} computes a SHA256 hash over the whole directory, excluding the @file{.git} sub-directory (@pxref{Invoking guix hash,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1375. msgstr "@command{guix hash -rx} calcul un SHA256 sur le répertoire entier, en excluant le sous-répertoire @file{.git} (@pxref{Invoquer guix hash,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
  1376. #. type: Plain text
  1377. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:876
  1378. msgid "In the future, @command{guix download} will hopefully be able to do these steps for you, just like it does for regular downloads."
  1379. msgstr "Dans le futur, @command{guix download} sera sans doute capable de faire cela pour vous, comme il le fait pour les téléchargements directs."
  1380. #. type: subsubsection
  1381. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:877
  1382. #, no-wrap
  1383. msgid "Snippets"
  1384. msgstr "Les bouts de code"
  1385. #. type: Plain text
  1386. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:883
  1387. msgid "Snippets are quoted (i.e. non-evaluated) Scheme code that are a means of patching the source. They are a Guix-y alternative to the traditional @file{.patch} files. Because of the quote, the code in only evaluated when passed to the Guix daemon for building. There can be as many snippets as needed."
  1388. msgstr "Les bouts de code (snippet) sont des fragments quotés (c.-à-d. non évalués) de code Scheme utilisés pour modifier les sources. C'est une alternative aux fichiers @file{.patch} traditionnels, plus proche de l'esprit de Guix. À cause de la quote, le code n'est évalué que lorsqu'il est passé au démon Guix pour la construction. Il peut y avoir autant de bout de code que nécessaire."
  1389. #. type: Plain text
  1390. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:886
  1391. msgid "Snippets might need additional Guile modules which can be imported from the @code{modules} field."
  1392. msgstr "Les bouts de code on parfois besoin de modules Guile supplémentaires qui peuvent être importés dans le champ @code{modules}."
  1393. #. type: subsubsection
  1394. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:887
  1395. #, no-wrap
  1396. msgid "Inputs"
  1397. msgstr "Entrées"
  1398. #. type: Plain text
  1399. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:890
  1400. msgid "There are 3 different input types. In short:"
  1401. msgstr "Il y a trois types d'entrées. En résumé :"
  1402. #. type: item
  1403. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:892
  1404. #, no-wrap
  1405. msgid "native-inputs"
  1406. msgstr "native-inputs"
  1407. #. type: table
  1408. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:895
  1409. msgid "Required for building but not runtime -- installing a package through a substitute won't install these inputs."
  1410. msgstr "Requis pour construire mais pas à l'exécution -- installer un paquet avec un substitut n'installera pas ces entrées."
  1411. #. type: item
  1412. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:895
  1413. #, no-wrap
  1414. msgid "inputs"
  1415. msgstr "inputs"
  1416. #. type: table
  1417. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:898
  1418. msgid "Installed in the store but not in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
  1419. msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt mais pas dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."
  1420. #. type: item
  1421. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:898
  1422. #, no-wrap
  1423. msgid "propagated-inputs"
  1424. msgstr "propagated-inputs"
  1425. #. type: table
  1426. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:901
  1427. msgid "Installed in the store and in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
  1428. msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt et dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."
  1429. #. type: Plain text
  1430. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:904
  1431. msgid "@xref{Package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for more details."
  1432. msgstr "@xref{Référence de package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour plus de détails."
  1433. #. type: Plain text
  1434. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:908
  1435. msgid "The distinction between the various inputs is important: if a dependency can be handled as an @emph{input} instead of a @emph{propagated input}, it should be done so, or else it ``pollutes'' the user profile for no good reason."
  1436. msgstr "La différence entre les différents types d'entrées est importante : si une dépendance peut être utilisée comme @emph{entrée} plutôt que comme @emph{entrée propagée}, il faut faire ça, sinon elle « polluera » le profil utilisateur sans raison."
  1437. #. type: Plain text
  1438. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:915
  1439. msgid "For instance, a user installing a graphical program that depends on a command line tool might only be interested in the graphical part, so there is no need to force the command line tool into the user profile. The dependency is a concern to the package, not to the user. @emph{Inputs} make it possible to handle dependencies without bugging the user by adding undesired executable files (or libraries) to their profile."
  1440. msgstr "Par exemple, si vous installez un programme graphique qui dépend d'un outil en ligne de commande, vous êtes probablement intéressé uniquement par la partie graphique, donc inutile de forcer l'outil en ligne de commande à être présent dans le profil utilisateur. Les dépendances sont gérés par les paquets, pas par les utilisateurs et utilisatrices. Les @emph{entrées} permettent de gérer les dépendances sans ennuyer les utilisateurs et utilisatrices en ajoutant des fichiers exécutables (ou bibliothèque) inutiles dans leur profil."
  1441. #. type: Plain text
  1442. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:921
  1443. msgid "Same goes for @emph{native-inputs}: once the program is installed, build-time dependencies can be safely garbage-collected. It also matters when a substitute is available, in which case only the @emph{inputs} and @emph{propagated inputs} will be fetched: the @emph{native inputs} are not required to install a package from a substitute."
  1444. msgstr "Pareil pour @emph{native-inputs} : une fois le programme installé, les dépendances à la construction peuvent être supprimées sans problème par le ramasse-miettes. Lorsqu'un substitut est disponible, seuls les @emph{entrées} et les @emph{entrées propagées} sont récupérées : les @emph{entrées natives} ne sont pas requises pour installer un paquet à partir d'un substitut."
  1445. #. type: quotation
  1446. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:922 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1892
  1447. #, no-wrap
  1448. msgid "Note"
  1449. msgstr "Remarque"
  1450. #. type: quotation
  1451. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:925
  1452. msgid "You may see here and there snippets where package inputs are written quite differently, like so:"
  1453. msgstr "Vous trouverez ici et là des extraits où les entrées des paquets sont écrites assez différemment, comme ceci :"
  1454. #. type: lisp
  1455. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:932
  1456. #, no-wrap
  1457. msgid ""
  1458. ";; The \"old style\" for inputs.\n"
  1459. "(inputs\n"
  1460. " `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
  1461. " (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
  1462. " (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
  1463. msgstr ""
  1464. ";; « L'ancien style » pour les entrées.\n"
  1465. "(inputs\n"
  1466. " `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
  1467. " (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
  1468. " (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
  1469. #. type: quotation
  1470. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:938
  1471. msgid "This is the ``old style'', where each input in the list is explicitly given a label (a string). It is still supported but we recommend using the style above instead. @xref{package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more info."
  1472. msgstr "C'est « l'ancien style », où chaque entrée est une liste que donne une étiquette explicite (une chaine). C'est une méthode prise en charge mais nous vous recommandons plutôt d'utiliser le style présenté plus haut. @xref{Référence de package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations."
  1473. #. type: subsubsection
  1474. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:940
  1475. #, no-wrap
  1476. msgid "Outputs"
  1477. msgstr "Sorties"
  1478. #. type: Plain text
  1479. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:944
  1480. msgid "Just like how a package can have multiple inputs, it can also produce multiple outputs."
  1481. msgstr "De la même manière qu'un paquet peut avoir plusieurs entrées, il peut aussi avoir plusieurs sorties."
  1482. #. type: Plain text
  1483. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:946
  1484. msgid "Each output corresponds to a separate directory in the store."
  1485. msgstr "Chaque sortie correspond à un répertoire différent dans le dépôt."
  1486. #. type: Plain text
  1487. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:949
  1488. msgid "The user can choose which output to install; this is useful to save space or to avoid polluting the user profile with unwanted executables or libraries."
  1489. msgstr "Vous pouvez choisir quelle sortie installer ; c'est utile pour préserver l'espace disque et éviter de polluer le profil utilisateur avec des exécutables et des bibliothèques inutiles."
  1490. #. type: Plain text
  1491. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:952
  1492. msgid "Output separation is optional. When the @code{outputs} field is left out, the default and only output (the complete package) is referred to as @code{\"out\"}."
  1493. msgstr "La séparation des sorties est facultative. Lorsque le champ @code{outputs} n'est pas spécifié, l'unique sortie par défaut (le paquet complet donc) est @code{\"out\"}."
  1494. #. type: Plain text
  1495. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:954
  1496. msgid "Typical separate output names include @code{debug} and @code{doc}."
  1497. msgstr "Les sorties séparées sont en général @code{debug} et @code{doc}."
  1498. #. type: Plain text
  1499. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:958
  1500. msgid "It's advised to separate outputs only when you've shown it's worth it: if the output size is significant (compare with @code{guix size}) or in case the package is modular."
  1501. msgstr "Vous devriez séparer les sorties seulement si vous pouvez montrer que c'est utile : si la taille de la sortie est importante (vous pouvez comparer avec @code{guix size}) ou si le paquet est modulaire."
  1502. #. type: subsubsection
  1503. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:959
  1504. #, no-wrap
  1505. msgid "Build system arguments"
  1506. msgstr "Arguments du système de construction"
  1507. #. type: Plain text
  1508. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:962
  1509. msgid "The @code{arguments} is a keyword-value list used to configure the build process."
  1510. msgstr "Le champ @code{arguments} est une liste de mot-clés et de valeurs utilisés pour configurer le processus de construction."
  1511. #. type: Plain text
  1512. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:967
  1513. msgid "The simplest argument @code{#:tests?} can be used to disable the test suite when building the package. This is mostly useful when the package does not feature any test suite. It's strongly recommended to keep the test suite on if there is one."
  1514. msgstr "L'argument le plus simple est @code{#:tests?} et on l'utilise pour désactiver la suite de tests pendant la construction du paquet. C'est surtout utile si le paquet n'a pas de suite de tests. Nous vous recommandons fortement de laisser tourner la suite de tests s'il y en a une."
  1515. #. type: Plain text
  1516. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:971
  1517. msgid "Another common argument is @code{:make-flags}, which specifies a list of flags to append when running make, as you would from the command line. For instance, the following flags"
  1518. msgstr "Un autre argument courant est @code{#:make-flags}, qui spécifie une liste de drapeaux à ajouter en lançant make, comme ce que vous feriez sur la ligne de commande. Par exemple, les drapeaux suivants"
  1519. #. type: lisp
  1520. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:975
  1521. #, no-wrap
  1522. msgid ""
  1523. "#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
  1524. " \"CC=gcc\")\n"
  1525. msgstr ""
  1526. "#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
  1527. " \"CC=gcc\")\n"
  1528. #. type: Plain text
  1529. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:978
  1530. msgid "translate into"
  1531. msgstr "se traduisent en"
  1532. #. type: example
  1533. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:981
  1534. #, no-wrap
  1535. msgid "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
  1536. msgstr "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
  1537. #. type: Plain text
  1538. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:987
  1539. msgid "This sets the C compiler to @code{gcc} and the @code{prefix} variable (the installation directory in Make parlance) to @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, which is a build-stage global variable pointing to the destination directory in the store (something like @file{/gnu/store/...-my-libgit2-20180408})."
  1540. msgstr "Cela indique que le compilateur C sera @code{gcc} et la variable @code{prefix} (le répertoire d'installation pour Make) sera @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, qui est une variable globale côté construction qui pointe vers le répertoire de destination dans le dépôt (quelque chose comme @file{/gnu/store/…-my-libgit2-20180408})."
  1541. #. type: Plain text
  1542. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:989
  1543. msgid "Similarly, it's possible to set the configure flags:"
  1544. msgstr "De manière identique, vous pouvez indiquer les drapeaux de configuration :"
  1545. #. type: lisp
  1546. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:992
  1547. #, no-wrap
  1548. msgid "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
  1549. msgstr "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
  1550. #. type: Plain text
  1551. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:996
  1552. msgid "The @code{%build-inputs} variable is also generated in scope. It's an association table that maps the input names to their store directories."
  1553. msgstr "La variable @code{%build-inputs} est aussi générée dans cette portée. C'est une liste d'association qui fait correspondre les noms des entrées à leur répertoire dans le dépôt."
  1554. #. type: Plain text
  1555. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1001
  1556. msgid "The @code{phases} keyword lists the sequential steps of the build system. Typically phases include @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} and @code{check}. To know more about those phases, you need to work out the appropriate build system definition in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm}:"
  1557. msgstr "Le mot-clé @code{phases} liste la séquence d'étapes du système de construction. Les phases usuelles sont @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} et @code{check}. Pour en savoir plus, vous devez trouver la bonne définition du système de construction dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm} :"
  1558. #. type: lisp
  1559. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1020
  1560. #, no-wrap
  1561. msgid ""
  1562. "(define %standard-phases\n"
  1563. " ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
  1564. " (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
  1565. " ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
  1566. " (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
  1567. " bootstrap\n"
  1568. " patch-usr-bin-file\n"
  1569. " patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
  1570. " build check install\n"
  1571. " patch-shebangs strip\n"
  1572. " validate-runpath\n"
  1573. " validate-documentation-location\n"
  1574. " delete-info-dir-file\n"
  1575. " patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
  1576. " install-license-files\n"
  1577. " reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
  1578. " compress-documentation)))\n"
  1579. msgstr ""
  1580. "(define %standard-phases\n"
  1581. " ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
  1582. " (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
  1583. " ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
  1584. " (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
  1585. " bootstrap\n"
  1586. " patch-usr-bin-file\n"
  1587. " patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
  1588. " build check install\n"
  1589. " patch-shebangs strip\n"
  1590. " validate-runpath\n"
  1591. " validate-documentation-location\n"
  1592. " delete-info-dir-file\n"
  1593. " patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
  1594. " install-license-files\n"
  1595. " reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
  1596. " compress-documentation)))\n"
  1597. #. type: Plain text
  1598. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1023
  1599. msgid "Or from the REPL:"
  1600. msgstr "Ou depuis la REPL :"
  1601. #. type: lisp
  1602. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1029
  1603. #, no-wrap
  1604. msgid ""
  1605. "(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
  1606. ",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
  1607. "(map first %standard-phases)\n"
  1608. "@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"
  1609. msgstr ""
  1610. "(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
  1611. ",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
  1612. "(map first %standard-phases)\n"
  1613. "@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"
  1614. #. type: Plain text
  1615. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1033
  1616. msgid "If you want to know more about what happens during those phases, consult the associated procedures."
  1617. msgstr "Si vous voulez en apprendre plus sur ce qui arrive pendant ces phases, consultez les procédures associées."
  1618. #. type: Plain text
  1619. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1036
  1620. msgid "For instance, as of this writing the definition of @code{unpack} for the GNU build system is:"
  1621. msgstr "Par exemple, au moment d'écrire ces lignes, la définition de @code{unpack} dans le système de construction de GNU est :"
  1622. #. type: lisp
  1623. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1046
  1624. #, no-wrap
  1625. msgid ""
  1626. "(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
  1627. " \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
  1628. "source. When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
  1629. "working directory.\"\n"
  1630. " (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
  1631. " (begin\n"
  1632. " (mkdir \"source\")\n"
  1633. " (chdir \"source\")\n"
  1634. "\n"
  1635. msgstr ""
  1636. "(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
  1637. " \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
  1638. "source. When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
  1639. "working directory.\"\n"
  1640. " (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
  1641. " (begin\n"
  1642. " (mkdir \"source\")\n"
  1643. " (chdir \"source\")\n"
  1644. "\n"
  1645. #. type: lisp
  1646. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1057
  1647. #, no-wrap
  1648. msgid ""
  1649. " ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
  1650. " ;; things work deterministically.\n"
  1651. " (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
  1652. " #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
  1653. " (begin\n"
  1654. " (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
  1655. " (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
  1656. " (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
  1657. " (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
  1658. " #true)\n"
  1659. msgstr ""
  1660. " ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
  1661. " ;; things work deterministically.\n"
  1662. " (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
  1663. " #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
  1664. " (begin\n"
  1665. " (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
  1666. " (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
  1667. " (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
  1668. " (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
  1669. " #true)\n"
  1670. #. type: Plain text
  1671. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1065
  1672. msgid "Note the @code{chdir} call: it changes the working directory to where the source was unpacked. Thus every phase following the @code{unpack} will use the source as a working directory, which is why we can directly work on the source files. That is to say, unless a later phase changes the working directory to something else."
  1673. msgstr "Remarquez l'appel à @code{chdir} : il change de répertoire courant vers la source qui vient d'être décompressée. Ainsi toutes les phases suivantes utiliseront le répertoire des sources comme répertoire de travail, ce qui explique qu'on peut travailler directement sur les fichiers sources. Du moins, tant qu'une phase suivante ne change pas le répertoire de travail."
  1674. #. type: Plain text
  1675. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1069
  1676. msgid "We modify the list of @code{%standard-phases} of the build system with the @code{modify-phases} macro as per the list of specified modifications, which may have the following forms:"
  1677. msgstr "Nous modifions la liste des @code{%standard-phases} du système de construction avec la macro @code{modify-phases} qui indique la liste des modifications, sous cette formes :"
  1678. #. type: itemize
  1679. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1073
  1680. msgid "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Run @var{procedure} named @var{new-phase} before @var{phase}."
  1681. msgstr "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Lance une @var{procédure} nommée @var{nouvelle-phase} avant @var{phase}."
  1682. #. type: itemize
  1683. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1075
  1684. msgid "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Same, but afterwards."
  1685. msgstr "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Pareil, mais après la @var{phase}."
  1686. #. type: itemize
  1687. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1077
  1688. msgid "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procedure})}."
  1689. msgstr "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procédure})}."
  1690. #. type: itemize
  1691. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1079
  1692. msgid "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
  1693. msgstr "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
  1694. #. type: Plain text
  1695. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1086
  1696. msgid "The @var{procedure} supports the keyword arguments @code{inputs} and @code{outputs}. Each input (whether @emph{native}, @emph{propagated} or not) and output directory is referenced by their name in those variables. Thus @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} is the store directory of the main output of the package. A phase procedure may look like this:"
  1697. msgstr "La @var{procédure} prend en charge les arguments @code{inputs} et @code{outputs} sous forme de mot-clés. Les entrées (@emph{natives}, @emph{propagées} et simples) et répertoires de sortie sont référencés par leur nom dans ces variables. Ainsi @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} est le répertoire du dépôt de la sortie principale du paquet. Une procédure de phase ressemble à cela :"
  1698. #. type: lisp
  1699. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1094
  1700. #, no-wrap
  1701. msgid ""
  1702. "(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
  1703. " (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
  1704. " (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
  1705. " (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
  1706. " ;; ...\n"
  1707. " #true))\n"
  1708. msgstr ""
  1709. "(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
  1710. " (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
  1711. " (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
  1712. " (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
  1713. " ;; ...\n"
  1714. " #true))\n"
  1715. #. type: Plain text
  1716. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1100
  1717. msgid "The procedure must return @code{#true} on success. It's brittle to rely on the return value of the last expression used to tweak the phase because there is no guarantee it would be a @code{#true}. Hence the trailing @code{#true} to ensure the right value is returned on success."
  1718. msgstr "La procédure doit renvoyer @code{#true} si elle réussit. S'appuyer sur la valeur de retour de la dernière expression n'est pas très solide parce qu'il n'y a pas de garantie qu'elle sera @code{#true}. Donc le @code{#true} à la fin permet de s'assurer que la bonne valeur est renvoyée si la phase réussit."
  1719. #. type: subsubsection
  1720. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1101
  1721. #, no-wrap
  1722. msgid "Code staging"
  1723. msgstr "Échelonnage du code"
  1724. #. type: Plain text
  1725. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1107
  1726. msgid "The astute reader may have noticed the quasi-quote and comma syntax in the argument field. Indeed, the build code in the package declaration should not be evaluated on the client side, but only when passed to the Guix daemon. This mechanism of passing code around two running processes is called @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, code staging}."
  1727. msgstr "Si vous avez été attentif, vous aurez remarqué la quasi-quote et la virgule dans le champ argument. En effet, le code de construction dans la déclaration du paquet ne doit pas être évalué côté client, mais seulement après avoir été passé au démon Guix. Ce mécanisme de passage de code entre deux processus s'appelle @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, l'échelonnage de code}."
  1728. #. type: subsubsection
  1729. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1108
  1730. #, no-wrap
  1731. msgid "Utility functions"
  1732. msgstr "Fonctions utilitaires"
  1733. #. type: Plain text
  1734. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1113
  1735. msgid "When customizing @code{phases}, we often need to write code that mimics the equivalent system invocations (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc.)@: commonly used during regular ``Unix-style'' installations."
  1736. msgstr "Lorsque vous modifiez les @code{phases}, vous aurez souvent besoin d'écrire du code qui ressemble aux invocation équivalentes (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc) couramment utilisées durant une installatio plus standard dans le monde Unix."
  1737. #. type: Plain text
  1738. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1116
  1739. msgid "Some like @code{chmod} are native to Guile. @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} for a complete list."
  1740. msgstr "Certaines comme @code{chmod} sont natives dans Guile. @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} pour une liste complète."
  1741. #. type: Plain text
  1742. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1119
  1743. msgid "Guix provides additional helper functions which prove especially handy in the context of package management."
  1744. msgstr "Guix fournit des fonctions utilitaires supplémentaires qui sont particulièrement utiles pour la gestion des paquets."
  1745. #. type: Plain text
  1746. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1123
  1747. msgid "Some of those functions can be found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. Most of them mirror the behaviour of the traditional Unix system commands:"
  1748. msgstr "Certaines de ces fonctions se trouvent dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. La plupart copient le comportement des commandes systèmes Unix traditionnelles :"
  1749. #. type: item
  1750. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1125
  1751. #, no-wrap
  1752. msgid "which"
  1753. msgstr "which"
  1754. #. type: table
  1755. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1127
  1756. msgid "Like the @samp{which} system command."
  1757. msgstr "Fonctionne comme la commande système @samp{which}."
  1758. #. type: item
  1759. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1127
  1760. #, no-wrap
  1761. msgid "find-files"
  1762. msgstr "find-files"
  1763. #. type: table
  1764. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1129
  1765. msgid "Akin to the @samp{find} system command."
  1766. msgstr "Fonctionne un peu comme la commande @samp{find}."
  1767. #. type: item
  1768. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1129
  1769. #, no-wrap
  1770. msgid "mkdir-p"
  1771. msgstr "mkdir-p"
  1772. #. type: table
  1773. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1131
  1774. msgid "Like @samp{mkdir -p}, which creates all parents as needed."
  1775. msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{mkdir -p}, qui crée tous les parents si besoin."
  1776. #. type: item
  1777. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1131
  1778. #, no-wrap
  1779. msgid "install-file"
  1780. msgstr "install-file"
  1781. #. type: table
  1782. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1135
  1783. msgid "Similar to @samp{install} when installing a file to a (possibly non-existing) directory. Guile has @code{copy-file} which works like @samp{cp}."
  1784. msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{install} pour installer un fichier vers un répertoire (éventuellement non existant). Guile a @code{copy-file} qui fonctionne comme @samp{cp}."
  1785. #. type: item
  1786. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1135
  1787. #, no-wrap
  1788. msgid "copy-recursively"
  1789. msgstr "copy-recursively"
  1790. #. type: table
  1791. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1137
  1792. msgid "Like @samp{cp -r}."
  1793. msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{cp -r}."
  1794. #. type: item
  1795. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1137
  1796. #, no-wrap
  1797. msgid "delete-file-recursively"
  1798. msgstr "delete-file-recursively"
  1799. #. type: table
  1800. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1139
  1801. msgid "Like @samp{rm -rf}."
  1802. msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{rm -rf}."
  1803. #. type: item
  1804. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1139
  1805. #, no-wrap
  1806. msgid "invoke"
  1807. msgstr "invoke"
  1808. #. type: table
  1809. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1141
  1810. msgid "Run an executable. This should be used instead of @code{system*}."
  1811. msgstr "Lance un exécutable. Vous devriez utiliser cela à la place de @code{system*}."
  1812. #. type: item
  1813. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1141
  1814. #, no-wrap
  1815. msgid "with-directory-excursion"
  1816. msgstr "with-directory-excursion"
  1817. #. type: table
  1818. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1144
  1819. msgid "Run the body in a different working directory, then restore the previous working directory."
  1820. msgstr "Lance le corps dans un répertoire de travail différent, puis revient au répertoire de travail précédent."
  1821. #. type: item
  1822. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1144
  1823. #, no-wrap
  1824. msgid "substitute*"
  1825. msgstr "substitute*"
  1826. #. type: table
  1827. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1146
  1828. msgid "A ``@command{sed}-like'' function."
  1829. msgstr "Une fonction similaire à @command{sed}."
  1830. #. type: Plain text
  1831. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1150
  1832. msgid "@xref{Build Utilities,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on these utilities."
  1833. msgstr "@xref{Utilitaires de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur ces utilitaires."
  1834. #. type: subsubsection
  1835. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1151
  1836. #, no-wrap
  1837. msgid "Module prefix"
  1838. msgstr "Préfixe de module"
  1839. #. type: Plain text
  1840. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1161
  1841. msgid "The license in our last example needs a prefix: this is because of how the @code{license} module was imported in the package, as @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. The Guile module import mechanism (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) gives the user full control over namespacing: this is needed to avoid clashes between, say, the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{licenses.scm} (a @emph{license} value) and the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{compression.scm} (a @emph{package} value)."
  1842. msgstr "La licence dans notre dernier exemple a besoin d'un préfixe à cause de la manière dont le module @code{licenses} a été importé dans le paquet, avec @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. Le mécanisme d'import de module de Guile (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) permet de contrôler complètement l'espace de nom. Cela évite les conflits entre, disons, la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{licenses.scm} (un @emph{licence}) et la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{compression.scm} (un @emph{paquet})."
  1843. #. type: subsection
  1844. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1162 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1163
  1845. #, no-wrap
  1846. msgid "Other build systems"
  1847. msgstr "Autres systèmes de construction"
  1848. #. type: Plain text
  1849. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1170
  1850. msgid "What we've seen so far covers the majority of packages using a build system other than the @code{trivial-build-system}. The latter does not automate anything and leaves you to build everything manually. This can be more demanding and we won't cover it here for now, but thankfully it is rarely necessary to fall back on this system."
  1851. msgstr "Ce que nous avons vu jusqu'ici couvre la majeur partie des paquets qui utilisent un système de construction autre que @code{trivial-build-system}. Ce dernier n'automatise rien et vous laisse tout construire par vous-même. C'est plus exigeant et nous n'en parlerons pas pour l'instant, mais heureusement il est rarement nécessaire d'aller jusqu'à ces extrémités."
  1852. #. type: Plain text
  1853. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1174
  1854. msgid "For the other build systems, such as ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby and many more, the process is very similar to the GNU build system except for a few specialized arguments."
  1855. msgstr "Pour les autres systèmes de construction, comme ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby et bien d'autres, le processus est très similaire à celui du système de construction de GNU en dehors de quelques arguments spécialisés."
  1856. #. type: Plain text
  1857. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1179
  1858. msgid "@xref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on build systems, or check the source code in the @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} and @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system} directories."
  1859. msgstr "@xref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur les systèmes de construction, ou voir le code source dans les répertoires @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} et @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system}."
  1860. #. type: subsection
  1861. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1180 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1181
  1862. #, no-wrap
  1863. msgid "Programmable and automated package definition"
  1864. msgstr "Définition programmable et automatisée"
  1865. #. type: Plain text
  1866. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1185
  1867. msgid "We can't repeat it enough: having a full-fledged programming language at hand empowers us in ways that reach far beyond traditional package management."
  1868. msgstr "Nous ne le répéterons jamais assez : avoir un langage de programmation complet à disposition nous permet de faire bien plus de choses que la gestion de paquets traditionnelle."
  1869. #. type: Plain text
  1870. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1187
  1871. msgid "Let's illustrate this with some awesome features of Guix!"
  1872. msgstr "Illustrons cela avec certaines fonctionnalités géniales de Guix !"
  1873. #. type: subsubsection
  1874. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1188 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1189
  1875. #, no-wrap
  1876. msgid "Recursive importers"
  1877. msgstr "Les importateurs récursifs"
  1878. #. type: Plain text
  1879. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1196
  1880. msgid "You might find some build systems good enough that there is little to do at all to write a package, to the point that it becomes repetitive and tedious after a while. A @emph{raison d'être} of computers is to replace human beings at those boring tasks. So let's tell Guix to do this for us and create the package definition of an R package from CRAN (the output is trimmed for conciseness):"
  1881. msgstr "Certains systèmes de constructions sont si bons qu'il n'y a presque rien à écrire pour créer un paquet, au point que cela devient rapidement répétitif et pénible. L'une des raisons d'être des ordinateurs est de remplacer les êtres humains pour ces taches barbantes. Disons donc à Guix de faire cela pour nous et de créer les définitions de paquets pour un paquet R venant de CRAN (la sortie est coupée par souci de place) :"
  1882. #. type: example
  1883. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1199
  1884. #, no-wrap
  1885. msgid ""
  1886. "$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
  1887. "\n"
  1888. msgstr ""
  1889. "$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
  1890. "\n"
  1891. #. type: example
  1892. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1203
  1893. #, no-wrap
  1894. msgid ""
  1895. "(define-public r-mc2d\n"
  1896. " ; ...\n"
  1897. " (license gpl2+)))\n"
  1898. "\n"
  1899. msgstr ""
  1900. "(define-public r-mc2d\n"
  1901. " ; ...\n"
  1902. " (license gpl2+)))\n"
  1903. "\n"
  1904. #. type: example
  1905. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1207
  1906. #, no-wrap
  1907. msgid ""
  1908. "(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
  1909. " ; ...\n"
  1910. " (license gpl2+)))\n"
  1911. "\n"
  1912. msgstr ""
  1913. "(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
  1914. " ; ...\n"
  1915. " (license gpl2+)))\n"
  1916. "\n"
  1917. #. type: example
  1918. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1211
  1919. #, no-wrap
  1920. msgid ""
  1921. "(define-public r-wrs2\n"
  1922. " ; ...\n"
  1923. " (license gpl3)))\n"
  1924. "\n"
  1925. msgstr ""
  1926. "(define-public r-wrs2\n"
  1927. " ; ...\n"
  1928. " (license gpl3)))\n"
  1929. "\n"
  1930. #. type: example
  1931. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1237
  1932. #, no-wrap
  1933. msgid ""
  1934. "(define-public r-walrus\n"
  1935. " (package\n"
  1936. " (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
  1937. " (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
  1938. " (source\n"
  1939. " (origin\n"
  1940. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  1941. " (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
  1942. " (sha256\n"
  1943. " (base32\n"
  1944. " \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
  1945. " (build-system r-build-system)\n"
  1946. " (propagated-inputs\n"
  1947. " (list r-ggplot2 r-jmvcore r-r6 r-wrs2))\n"
  1948. " (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
  1949. " (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
  1950. " (description\n"
  1951. " \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
  1952. "tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
  1953. "It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
  1954. "<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information). Walrus is based on the\n"
  1955. "WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
  1956. "work of Rand Wilcox. These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
  1957. "'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
  1958. " (license gpl3)))\n"
  1959. msgstr ""
  1960. "(define-public r-walrus\n"
  1961. " (package\n"
  1962. " (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
  1963. " (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
  1964. " (source\n"
  1965. " (origin\n"
  1966. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  1967. " (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
  1968. " (sha256\n"
  1969. " (base32\n"
  1970. " \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
  1971. " (build-system r-build-system)\n"
  1972. " (propagated-inputs\n"
  1973. " (list r-ggplot2 r-jmvcore r-r6 r-wrs2))\n"
  1974. " (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
  1975. " (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
  1976. " (description\n"
  1977. " \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
  1978. "tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
  1979. "It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
  1980. "<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information). Walrus is based on the\n"
  1981. "WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
  1982. "work of Rand Wilcox. These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
  1983. "'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
  1984. " (license gpl3)))\n"
  1985. #. type: Plain text
  1986. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1241
  1987. msgid "The recursive importer won't import packages for which Guix already has package definitions, except for the very first."
  1988. msgstr "L'importateur récursif n'importera pas les paquets pour lesquels Guix a déjà une définition, sauf pour le tout premier."
  1989. #. type: Plain text
  1990. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1246
  1991. msgid "Not all applications can be packaged this way, only those relying on a select number of supported systems. Read about the full list of importers in the guix import section of the manual (@pxref{Invoking guix import,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
  1992. msgstr "Toutes les applications ne peuvent pas être empaquetées de cette manière, seules celles qui s'appuient sur un nombre restreint de systèmes pris en charge le peuvent. Vous trouverez la liste complète des importateurs dans la section dédiée du manuel (@pxref{Invoquer guix import,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU})."
  1993. #. type: subsubsection
  1994. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1247 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1248
  1995. #, no-wrap
  1996. msgid "Automatic update"
  1997. msgstr "Mise à jour automatique"
  1998. #. type: Plain text
  1999. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1252
  2000. msgid "Guix can be smart enough to check for updates on systems it knows. It can report outdated package definitions with"
  2001. msgstr "Guix peut être assez intelligent pour vérifier s'il y a des mises à jour sur les systèmes qu'il connaît. Il peut rapporter les paquets anciens avec"
  2002. #. type: example
  2003. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1255
  2004. #, no-wrap
  2005. msgid "$ guix refresh hello\n"
  2006. msgstr "$ guix refresh hello\n"
  2007. #. type: Plain text
  2008. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1260
  2009. msgid "In most cases, updating a package to a newer version requires little more than changing the version number and the checksum. Guix can do that automatically as well:"
  2010. msgstr "La plupart du temps, mettre à jour un paquet vers une nouvelle version ne demande pas beaucoup plus que de changer le numéro de version et la somme de contrôle. Guix peut aussi le faire automatiquement :"
  2011. #. type: example
  2012. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1263
  2013. #, no-wrap
  2014. msgid "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
  2015. msgstr "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
  2016. #. type: subsubsection
  2017. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1265 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1266
  2018. #, no-wrap
  2019. msgid "Inheritance"
  2020. msgstr "Héritage"
  2021. #. type: Plain text
  2022. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1270
  2023. msgid "If you've started browsing the existing package definitions, you might have noticed that a significant number of them have a @code{inherit} field:"
  2024. msgstr "Si vous avez commencé à regarder des définitions de paquets existantes, vous avez peut-être remarqué qu'un certain nombre d'entre elles ont un champ @code{inherit} :"
  2025. #. type: lisp
  2026. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1285
  2027. #, no-wrap
  2028. msgid ""
  2029. "(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
  2030. " (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
  2031. " (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
  2032. " (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
  2033. " (source (origin\n"
  2034. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  2035. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
  2036. " (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
  2037. " name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
  2038. " (sha256\n"
  2039. " (base32\n"
  2040. " \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
  2041. " (native-inputs (list `(,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
  2042. msgstr ""
  2043. "(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
  2044. " (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
  2045. " (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
  2046. " (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
  2047. " (source (origin\n"
  2048. " (method url-fetch)\n"
  2049. " (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
  2050. " (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
  2051. " name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
  2052. " (sha256\n"
  2053. " (base32\n"
  2054. " \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
  2055. " (native-inputs (list `(,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
  2056. #. type: Plain text
  2057. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1290
  2058. msgid "All unspecified fields are inherited from the parent package. This is very convenient to create alternative packages, for instance with different source, version or compilation options."
  2059. msgstr "Tous les champs non spécifiés héritent du paquet parent. C'est très pratique pour créer un paquet alternatif, par exemple avec une source, une version ou des options de compilation différentes."
  2060. #. type: subsection
  2061. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1291 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1292
  2062. #, no-wrap
  2063. msgid "Getting help"
  2064. msgstr "Se faire aider"
  2065. #. type: Plain text
  2066. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1298
  2067. msgid "Sadly, some applications can be tough to package. Sometimes they need a patch to work with the non-standard file system hierarchy enforced by the store. Sometimes the tests won't run properly. (They can be skipped but this is not recommended.) Other times the resulting package won't be reproducible."
  2068. msgstr "Malheureusement, certaines applications peuvent être difficiles à empaqueter. Parfois elles ont besoin d'un correctif pour fonctionner avec la hiérarchie du système de fichiers non standard imposée par de dépôt. Parfois les tests ne se lancent pas correctement (vous pouvez les passer mais ce n'est pas recommandé). Parfois le paquet n'est pas reproductible."
  2069. #. type: Plain text
  2070. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1301
  2071. msgid "Should you be stuck, unable to figure out how to fix any sort of packaging issue, don't hesitate to ask the community for help."
  2072. msgstr "Si vous êtes bloqué·e, incapable de trouver comme corriger un problème d'empaquetage, n'hésitez pas à demander de l'aide à la communauté."
  2073. #. type: Plain text
  2074. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1303
  2075. msgid "See the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/contact/, Guix homepage} for information on the mailing lists, IRC, etc."
  2076. msgstr "voir la @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/fr/contact/,la page d'accueil de Guix} pour plus d'informations sur les listes de diffusion, IRC, etc."
  2077. #. type: subsection
  2078. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1304 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1305
  2079. #, no-wrap
  2080. msgid "Conclusion"
  2081. msgstr "Conclusion"
  2082. #. type: Plain text
  2083. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1311
  2084. msgid "This tutorial was a showcase of the sophisticated package management that Guix boasts. At this point we have mostly restricted this introduction to the @code{gnu-build-system} which is a core abstraction layer on which more advanced abstractions are based."
  2085. msgstr "Ce didacticiel vous a montré la gestion des paquets sophistiquée dont Guix se targue. Maintenant, nous avons restreint cette introduction au système @code{gnu-build-system} qui est un niveau d'abstraction essentiel sur lequel des niveaux d'abstraction plus avancés se reposent."
  2086. #. type: Plain text
  2087. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1316
  2088. msgid "Where do we go from here? Next we ought to dissect the innards of the build system by removing all abstractions, using the @code{trivial-build-system}: this should give us a thorough understanding of the process before investigating some more advanced packaging techniques and edge cases."
  2089. msgstr "Comment continuer ? Nous devrions ensuite disséquer le fonctionnement interne des systèmes de construction en supprimant toutes les abstractions, avec le @code{trivial-build-system} : cela vous permettra de bien comprendre le processus avant de voir des techniques plus avancées et certains cas particuliers."
  2090. #. type: Plain text
  2091. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1319
  2092. msgid "Other features worth exploring are the interactive editing and debugging capabilities of Guix provided by the Guile REPL@."
  2093. msgstr "D'autres fonctionnalités que vous devriez explorer sont l'édition interactive et les possibilités de débogage de Guix fournies par la REPL de Guile."
  2094. #. type: Plain text
  2095. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1324
  2096. msgid "Those fancy features are completely optional and can wait; now is a good time to take a well-deserved break. With what we've introduced here you should be well armed to package lots of programs. You can get started right away and hopefully we will see your contributions soon!"
  2097. msgstr "Ces fonctionnalités avancées sont complètement facultatives et peuvent attendre ; maintenant vous devriez prendre une pause bien méritée. Avec ce dont nous venons de parler ici vous devriez être bien armé·e pour empaqueter de nombreux paquets. Vous pouvez commencer dès maintenant et on espère voir votre contribution bientôt !"
  2098. #. type: subsection
  2099. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1325 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1326
  2100. #, no-wrap
  2101. msgid "References"
  2102. msgstr "Références"
  2103. #. type: itemize
  2104. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1331
  2105. msgid "The @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Defining-Packages.html, package reference in the manual}"
  2106. msgstr "La @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/fr/html_node/reference-de-package.html, référence des paquets dans le manuel}"
  2107. #. type: itemize
  2108. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1334
  2109. msgid "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, Pjotr’s hacking guide to GNU Guix}"
  2110. msgstr "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, le guide de bidouillage de GNU Guix de Pjotr}"
  2111. #. type: itemize
  2112. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1337
  2113. msgid "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, ``GNU Guix: Package without a scheme!''}, by Andreas Enge"
  2114. msgstr "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, « GNU Guix: Package without a scheme! »}, d'Andreas Enge"
  2115. #. type: Plain text
  2116. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1346
  2117. msgid "Guix offers a flexible language for declaratively configuring your Guix System. This flexibility can at times be overwhelming. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced configuration concepts."
  2118. msgstr "Guix propose un langage flexible pour déclarer la configuration de votre système Guix. Cette flexibilité peut parfois paraître écrasante. Le but de ce chapitre est de vous montrer quelques concepts de configuration avancés."
  2119. #. type: Plain text
  2120. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1349
  2121. msgid "@pxref{System Configuration,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
  2122. msgstr "@pxref{Configuration du système,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour une référence complète."
  2123. #. type: section
  2124. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1645
  2125. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1646
  2126. #, no-wrap
  2127. msgid "Guix System Image API"
  2128. msgstr "L'API de création d'images du système Guix"
  2129. #. type: menuentry
  2130. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  2131. msgid "Customizing images to target specific platforms."
  2132. msgstr "Personnaliser des images pour des plateformes particulières."
  2133. #. type: section
  2134. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1856
  2135. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1857
  2136. #, no-wrap
  2137. msgid "Connecting to Wireguard VPN"
  2138. msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard"
  2139. #. type: menuentry
  2140. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  2141. msgid "Connecting to a Wireguard VPN."
  2142. msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard."
  2143. #. type: section
  2144. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1933
  2145. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1934
  2146. #, no-wrap
  2147. msgid "Customizing a Window Manager"
  2148. msgstr "Personnaliser un gestionnaire de fenêtres"
  2149. #. type: menuentry
  2150. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  2151. msgid "Handle customization of a Window manager on Guix System."
  2152. msgstr "Gérer la personnalisation d'un gestionnaire de fenêtres sur le système Guix."
  2153. #. type: section
  2154. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2024
  2155. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2025
  2156. #, no-wrap
  2157. msgid "Running Guix on a Linode Server"
  2158. msgstr "Lancer Guix sur un serveur Linode"
  2159. #. type: section
  2160. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2267
  2161. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2268
  2162. #, no-wrap
  2163. msgid "Setting up a bind mount"
  2164. msgstr "Mettre en place un montage dupliqué"
  2165. #. type: menuentry
  2166. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  2167. msgid "Setting up a bind mount in the file-systems definition."
  2168. msgstr "Mettre en place un montage dupliqué dans une définition de système de fichiers."
  2169. #. type: section
  2170. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2316
  2171. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2317
  2172. #, no-wrap
  2173. msgid "Getting substitutes from Tor"
  2174. msgstr "Récupérer des substituts via Tor"
  2175. #. type: menuentry
  2176. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  2177. msgid "Configuring Guix daemon to get substitutes through Tor."
  2178. msgstr "Configurer le démon Guix pour récupérer les substituts via Tor."
  2179. #. type: section
  2180. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2378
  2181. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2379
  2182. #, no-wrap
  2183. msgid "Setting up NGINX with Lua"
  2184. msgstr "Configurer NGINX avec Lua"
  2185. #. type: menuentry
  2186. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1360
  2187. msgid "Configuring NGINX web-server to load Lua modules."
  2188. msgstr "Configurer le serveur web NGINX pour qu'il charge des modules Lua."
  2189. #. type: Plain text
  2190. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1372
  2191. msgid "While the Guix manual explains auto-login one user to @emph{all} TTYs ( @pxref{auto-login to TTY,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), some might prefer a situation, in which one user is logged into one TTY with the other TTYs either configured to login different users or no one at all. Note that one can auto-login one user to any TTY, but it is usually advisable to avoid @code{tty1}, which, by default, is used to log warnings and errors."
  2192. msgstr "Tandis que le manuel de Guix explique comment connecter automatiquement un utilisateur sur @emph{tous} les TTY (@pxref{connexion automatique à un TTY,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix}), vous pourriez préférer avoir un utilisateur connecté sur un TTY et configurer les autres TTY pour connecter d'autres utilisateurs ou personne. Remarquez que vous pouvez connecter automatiquement un utilisateur sur n'importe quel TTY, mais il est recommandé d'éviter @code{tty1}, car par défaut, il est utilisé pour afficher les avertissements et les erreurs des journaux systèmes."
  2193. #. type: Plain text
  2194. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1374
  2195. msgid "Here is how one might set up auto login for one user to one tty:"
  2196. msgstr "Voici comment on peut configurer la connexion d'un utilisateur sur un tty :"
  2197. #. type: lisp
  2198. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1382
  2199. #, no-wrap
  2200. msgid ""
  2201. "(define (auto-login-to-tty config tty user)\n"
  2202. " (if (string=? tty (mingetty-configuration-tty config))\n"
  2203. " (mingetty-configuration\n"
  2204. " (inherit config)\n"
  2205. " (auto-login user))\n"
  2206. " config))\n"
  2207. "\n"
  2208. msgstr ""
  2209. "(define (auto-login-to-tty config tty user)\n"
  2210. " (if (string=? tty (mingetty-configuration-tty config))\n"
  2211. " (mingetty-configuration\n"
  2212. " (inherit config)\n"
  2213. " (auto-login user))\n"
  2214. " config))\n"
  2215. "\n"
  2216. #. type: lisp
  2217. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1389
  2218. #, no-wrap
  2219. msgid ""
  2220. "(define %my-services\n"
  2221. " (modify-services %base-services\n"
  2222. " ;; @dots{}\n"
  2223. " (mingetty-service-type config =>\n"
  2224. " (auto-login-to-tty\n"
  2225. " config \"tty3\" \"alice\"))))\n"
  2226. "\n"
  2227. msgstr ""
  2228. "(define %my-services\n"
  2229. " (modify-services %base-services\n"
  2230. " ;; @dots{}\n"
  2231. " (mingetty-service-type config =>\n"
  2232. " (auto-login-to-tty\n"
  2233. " config \"tty3\" \"alice\"))))\n"
  2234. "\n"
  2235. #. type: lisp
  2236. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1393
  2237. #, no-wrap
  2238. msgid ""
  2239. "(operating-system\n"
  2240. " ;; @dots{}\n"
  2241. " (services %my-services))\n"
  2242. msgstr ""
  2243. "(operating-system\n"
  2244. " ;; @dots{}\n"
  2245. " (services %my-services))\n"
  2246. #. type: Plain text
  2247. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1398
  2248. msgid "One could also @code{compose} (@pxref{Higher-Order Functions,,, guile, The Guile Reference Manual}) @code{auto-login-to-tty} to login multiple users to multiple ttys."
  2249. msgstr "On peut aussi utiliser @code{compose} (@pxref{Higher-Order Functions,,, guile, The Guile Reference Manual}) avec @code{auto-login-to-tty} pour connecter plusieurs utilisateurs sur différents ttys."
  2250. #. type: Plain text
  2251. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1405
  2252. msgid "Finally, here is a note of caution. Setting up auto login to a TTY, means that anyone can turn on your computer and run commands as your regular user. However, if you have an encrypted root partition, and thus already need to enter a passphrase when the system boots, auto-login might be a convenient option."
  2253. msgstr "Enfin, une mise en garde. Configurer la connexion automatique à un TTY signifie que n'importe qui peut allumer votre ordinateur et lancer des commandes avec votre utilisateur normal. Cependant, si vous avez une partition racine chiffrée, et donc qu'il faut déjà saisir une phrase de passe au démarrage du système, la connexion automatique peut être un choix pratique."
  2254. #. type: Plain text
  2255. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1417
  2256. msgid "Guix is, at its core, a source based distribution with substitutes (@pxref{Substitutes,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and as such building packages from their source code is an expected part of regular package installations and upgrades. Given this starting point, it makes sense that efforts are made to reduce the amount of time spent compiling packages, and recent changes and upgrades to the building and distribution of substitutes continues to be a topic of discussion within Guix."
  2257. msgstr "Guix est, en son cœur, une distribution source avec des substituts (@pxref{Substituts,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}), et donc construire des paquets à partir de leur code source est normal pendant les installations et les mis à jour de paquets. Malgré tout, c'est aussi normal d'essayer de réduire le temps passé à compiler des paquets, et les changements récents et futurs concernant la construction et la distribution des substituts continue d'être un sujet de discussion dans le projet Guix."
  2258. #. type: Plain text
  2259. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1423
  2260. msgid "The kernel, while not requiring an overabundance of RAM to build, does take a rather long time on an average machine. The official kernel configuration, as is the case with many GNU/Linux distributions, errs on the side of inclusiveness, and this is really what causes the build to take such a long time when the kernel is built from source."
  2261. msgstr "Le noyau, bien qu'il ne demande pas énormément de RAM pour être construit, prend assez long à construire sur une machine usuelle. La configuration du noyau officielle, comme avec la plupart des autres distributions GNU/Linux, penche du côté de l'inclusivité, et c'est vraiment ça qui rend la construction aussi longue à partir des sources."
  2262. #. type: Plain text
  2263. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1428
  2264. msgid "The Linux kernel, however, can also just be described as a regular old package, and as such can be customized just like any other package. The procedure is a little bit different, although this is primarily due to the nature of how the package definition is written."
  2265. msgstr "Le noyau Linux, cependant, peut aussi être décrit comme un simple paquet comme les autres, et peut donc être personnalisé comme n'importe quel autre paquet. La procédure est un peu différente, même si c'est surtout dû à la nature de la définition du paquet."
  2266. #. type: Plain text
  2267. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1431
  2268. msgid "The @code{linux-libre} kernel package definition is actually a procedure which creates a package."
  2269. msgstr "Le paquet du noyau @code{linux-libre} est en fait une procédure qui crée un paquet."
  2270. #. type: lisp
  2271. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1442
  2272. #, no-wrap
  2273. msgid ""
  2274. "(define* (make-linux-libre* version gnu-revision source supported-systems\n"
  2275. " #:key\n"
  2276. " (extra-version #f)\n"
  2277. " ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
  2278. " ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
  2279. " (configuration-file #f)\n"
  2280. " (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
  2281. " (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options))\n"
  2282. " ...)\n"
  2283. msgstr ""
  2284. "(define* (make-linux-libre* version gnu-revision source supported-systems\n"
  2285. " #:key\n"
  2286. " (extra-version #f)\n"
  2287. " ;; Un fonction qui prend une architecture et une variante\n"
  2288. " ;; Voir kernel-config si vous voulez un exemple.\n"
  2289. " (configuration-file #f)\n"
  2290. " (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
  2291. " (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options))\n"
  2292. " ...)\n"
  2293. #. type: Plain text
  2294. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1446
  2295. msgid "The current @code{linux-libre} package is for the 5.15.x series, and is declared like this:"
  2296. msgstr "Le paquet @code{linux-libre} actuel pour la série 5.15.x, est déclaré comme ceci :"
  2297. #. type: lisp
  2298. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1454
  2299. #, no-wrap
  2300. msgid ""
  2301. "(define-public linux-libre-5.15\n"
  2302. " (make-linux-libre* linux-libre-5.15-version\n"
  2303. " linux-libre-5.15-gnu-revision\n"
  2304. " linux-libre-5.15-source\n"
  2305. " '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\" \"riscv64-linux\")\n"
  2306. " #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
  2307. msgstr ""
  2308. "(define-public linux-libre-5.15\n"
  2309. " (make-linux-libre* linux-libre-5.15-version\n"
  2310. " linux-libre-5.15-gnu-revision\n"
  2311. " linux-libre-5.15-source\n"
  2312. " '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\" \"riscv64-linux\")\n"
  2313. " #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
  2314. #. type: Plain text
  2315. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1461
  2316. msgid "Any keys which are not assigned values inherit their default value from the @code{make-linux-libre} definition. When comparing the two snippets above, notice the code comment that refers to @code{#:configuration-file}. Because of this, it is not actually easy to include a custom kernel configuration from the definition, but don't worry, there are other ways to work with what we do have."
  2317. msgstr "Les clés qui n'ont pas de valeur associée prennent leur valeur par défaut dans la définition de @code{make-linux-libre}. Lorsque vous comparez les deux bouts de code ci-dessus, remarquez le commentaire qui correspond à @code{#:configuration-file}. À cause de cela, il n'est pas facile d'inclure une configuration personnalisée du noyau à partir de la définition, mais ne vous inquiétez pas, il y a d'autres moyens de travailler avec ce qu'on a."
  2318. #. type: Plain text
  2319. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1467
  2320. msgid "There are two ways to create a kernel with a custom kernel configuration. The first is to provide a standard @file{.config} file during the build process by including an actual @file{.config} file as a native input to our custom kernel. The following is a snippet from the custom @code{'configure} phase of the @code{make-linux-libre} package definition:"
  2321. msgstr "Il y a deux manières de créer un noyau avec une configuration personnalisée. La première consiste à fournir un fichier @file{.config} standard au processus de construction en ajoutant un fichier @file{.config} comme entrée native de notre noyau. Voici un bout de code correspondant à la phase @code{'configure} de la définition de paquet @code{make-linux-libre} :"
  2322. #. type: lisp
  2323. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1471
  2324. #, no-wrap
  2325. msgid ""
  2326. "(let ((build (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
  2327. " (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
  2328. "\n"
  2329. msgstr ""
  2330. "(let ((build (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
  2331. " (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
  2332. "\n"
  2333. #. type: lisp
  2334. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1479
  2335. #, no-wrap
  2336. msgid ""
  2337. " ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
  2338. " ;; configuration file.\n"
  2339. " (if config\n"
  2340. " (begin\n"
  2341. " (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
  2342. " (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
  2343. " (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
  2344. msgstr ""
  2345. " ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
  2346. " ;; configuration file.\n"
  2347. " (if config\n"
  2348. " (begin\n"
  2349. " (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
  2350. " (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
  2351. " (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
  2352. #. type: Plain text
  2353. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1484
  2354. msgid "Below is a sample kernel package. The @code{linux-libre} package is nothing special and can be inherited from and have its fields overridden like any other package:"
  2355. msgstr "Et voici un exemple de paquet de noyau. Le paquet @code{linux-libre} n'a rien de spécial, on peut en hériter et remplacer ses champs comme n'importe quel autre paquet :"
  2356. #. type: lisp
  2357. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1493
  2358. #, no-wrap
  2359. msgid ""
  2360. "(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
  2361. " (package\n"
  2362. " (inherit linux-libre)\n"
  2363. " (native-inputs\n"
  2364. " `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
  2365. " ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
  2366. " (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
  2367. msgstr ""
  2368. "(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
  2369. " (package\n"
  2370. " (inherit linux-libre)\n"
  2371. " (native-inputs\n"
  2372. " `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
  2373. " ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
  2374. " (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
  2375. #. type: Plain text
  2376. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1500
  2377. msgid "In the same directory as the file defining @code{linux-libre-E2140} is a file named @file{E2140.config}, which is an actual kernel configuration file. The @code{defconfig} keyword of @code{make-linux-libre} is left blank here, so the only kernel configuration in the package is the one which was included in the @code{native-inputs} field."
  2378. msgstr "Dans le même répertoire que le fichier définissant @code{linux-libre-E2140} se trouve un fichier nommé @file{E2140.config}, qui est un fichier de configuration du noyau. Le mot-clé @code{defconfig} de @code{make-linux-libre} reste vide ici, donc la configuration du noyau dans le paquet est celle qui sera incluse dans le champ @code{native-inputs}."
  2379. #. type: Plain text
  2380. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1505
  2381. msgid "The second way to create a custom kernel is to pass a new value to the @code{extra-options} keyword of the @code{make-linux-libre} procedure. The @code{extra-options} keyword works with another function defined right below it:"
  2382. msgstr "La deuxième manière de créer un noyau personnalisé est de passer une nouvelle valeur au mot-clé @code{extra-options} de la procédure @code{make-linux-libre}. Le mot-clé @code{extra-options} fonctionne avec une autre fonction définie juste en dessous :"
  2383. #. type: lisp
  2384. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1521
  2385. #, no-wrap
  2386. msgid ""
  2387. "(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
  2388. " `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
  2389. " (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
  2390. " ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
  2391. " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
  2392. " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
  2393. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
  2394. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
  2395. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
  2396. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
  2397. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
  2398. " (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
  2399. " (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
  2400. " (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
  2401. "\n"
  2402. msgstr ""
  2403. "(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
  2404. " `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
  2405. " (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
  2406. " ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
  2407. " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
  2408. " (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
  2409. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
  2410. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
  2411. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
  2412. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
  2413. " (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
  2414. " (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
  2415. " (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
  2416. " (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
  2417. "\n"
  2418. #. type: lisp
  2419. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1532
  2420. #, no-wrap
  2421. msgid ""
  2422. "(define (config->string options)\n"
  2423. " (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
  2424. " ((option . 'm)\n"
  2425. " (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
  2426. " ((option . #true)\n"
  2427. " (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
  2428. " ((option . #false)\n"
  2429. " (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
  2430. " options)\n"
  2431. " \"\\n\"))\n"
  2432. msgstr ""
  2433. "(define (config->string options)\n"
  2434. " (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
  2435. " ((option . 'm)\n"
  2436. " (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
  2437. " ((option . #true)\n"
  2438. " (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
  2439. " ((option . #false)\n"
  2440. " (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
  2441. " options)\n"
  2442. " \"\\n\"))\n"
  2443. #. type: Plain text
  2444. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1535
  2445. msgid "And in the custom configure script from the `make-linux-libre` package:"
  2446. msgstr "Et dans le script configure personnalisé du paquet « make-linux-libre » :"
  2447. #. type: lisp
  2448. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1543
  2449. #, no-wrap
  2450. msgid ""
  2451. ";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
  2452. ";; file. The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
  2453. "(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
  2454. " (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
  2455. " (display extra-configuration port)\n"
  2456. " (close-port port))\n"
  2457. "\n"
  2458. msgstr ""
  2459. ";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
  2460. ";; file. The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
  2461. "(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
  2462. " (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
  2463. " (display extra-configuration port)\n"
  2464. " (close-port port))\n"
  2465. "\n"
  2466. #. type: lisp
  2467. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1545
  2468. #, no-wrap
  2469. msgid "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"
  2470. msgstr "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"
  2471. #. type: Plain text
  2472. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1550
  2473. msgid "So by not providing a configuration-file the @file{.config} starts blank, and then we write into it the collection of flags that we want. Here's another custom kernel:"
  2474. msgstr "Donc, en ne fournissant pas de fichier de configuration le fichier @file{.config} est au départ vide et on écrit ensuite l'ensemble des drapeaux que l'on veut. Voici un autre noyau personnalisé :"
  2475. #. type: lisp
  2476. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1558
  2477. #, no-wrap
  2478. msgid ""
  2479. "(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
  2480. " (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
  2481. " %file-systems\n"
  2482. " %efi-support\n"
  2483. " %emulation\n"
  2484. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
  2485. "\n"
  2486. msgstr ""
  2487. "(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
  2488. " (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
  2489. " %file-systems\n"
  2490. " %efi-support\n"
  2491. " %emulation\n"
  2492. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
  2493. "\n"
  2494. #. type: lisp
  2495. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1569
  2496. #, no-wrap
  2497. msgid ""
  2498. "(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
  2499. " ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre*' procedure, which is\n"
  2500. " ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
  2501. " ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre*)\n"
  2502. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-version)\n"
  2503. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-gnu-revision)\n"
  2504. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-source)\n"
  2505. " '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
  2506. " #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
  2507. " #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
  2508. msgstr ""
  2509. "(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
  2510. " ;; XXX: Accède à la procédure interne « make-linux-libre* », qui est privée\n"
  2511. " ;; et n'est pas exportée, et pourrait changer dans le futur.\n"
  2512. " ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre*)\n"
  2513. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-version)\n"
  2514. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-gnu-revision)\n"
  2515. " (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) linux-libre-source)\n"
  2516. " '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
  2517. " #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
  2518. " #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
  2519. #. type: Plain text
  2520. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1576
  2521. msgid "In the above example @code{%file-systems} is a collection of flags enabling different file system support, @code{%efi-support} enables EFI support and @code{%emulation} enables a x86_64-linux machine to act in 32-bit mode also. @code{%default-extra-linux-options} are the ones quoted above, which had to be added in since they were replaced in the @code{extra-options} keyword."
  2522. msgstr "Dans l'exemple ci-dessus @code{%fale-systems} est un ensemble de drapeaux qui activent la prise en charge de différents systèmes de fichiers, @code{%efi-support} active la prise en charge de l'EFI et @code{%emulation} permet à une machine x86_64-linux de fonctionner aussi en mode 32-bits. @code{%default-extra-linux-options} sont l'ensemble de ces options et elles devaient être ajoutées puisqu'elles ont été remplacées dans le mot-clé @code{extra-options}."
  2523. #. type: Plain text
  2524. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1585
  2525. msgid "This all sounds like it should be doable, but how does one even know which modules are required for a particular system? Two places that can be helpful in trying to answer this question is the @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, Gentoo Handbook} and the @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation from the kernel itself}. From the kernel documentation, it seems that @code{make localmodconfig} is the command we want."
  2526. msgstr "Tout ça est bien beau, mais comment savoir quels modules sont requis pour un système en particulier ? Il y a deux ressources qui peuvent être utiles pour répondre à cette question : le @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, manuel de Gentoo} et la @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation du noyau}. D'après la documentation du noyau, il semble que la commande @code{make localmodconfig} soit la bonne."
  2527. #. type: Plain text
  2528. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1588
  2529. msgid "In order to actually run @code{make localmodconfig} we first need to get and unpack the kernel source code:"
  2530. msgstr "Pour lancer @code{make localmodconfig} on doit d'abord récupérer et décompresser le code source du noyau :"
  2531. #. type: example
  2532. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1591
  2533. #, no-wrap
  2534. msgid "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
  2535. msgstr "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
  2536. #. type: Plain text
  2537. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1598
  2538. msgid "Once inside the directory containing the source code run @code{touch .config} to create an initial, empty @file{.config} to start with. @code{make localmodconfig} works by seeing what you already have in @file{.config} and letting you know what you're missing. If the file is blank then you're missing everything. The next step is to run:"
  2539. msgstr "Une fois dans le répertoire contenant le code source lancez @code{touch .config} pour créer un fichier @file{.config} initialement vide pour commencer. @code{make localmodconfig} fonctionne en remarquant que avec déjà un @file{.config} et en vous disant ce qu'il vous manque. Si le fichier est vide, il vous manquera tout ce qui est nécessaire. L'étape suivante consiste à lancer :"
  2540. #. type: example
  2541. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1601
  2542. #, no-wrap
  2543. msgid "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
  2544. msgstr "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
  2545. #. type: Plain text
  2546. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1606
  2547. msgid "and note the output. Do note that the @file{.config} file is still empty. The output generally contains two types of warnings. The first start with \"WARNING\" and can actually be ignored in our case. The second read:"
  2548. msgstr "et regardez la sortie. Remarquez que le fichier @file{.config} est toujours vide. La sortie contient en général deux types d'avertissements. Le premier commence par « WARNING » et peut être ignoré dans notre cas. Le deuxième dit :"
  2549. #. type: example
  2550. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1609
  2551. #, no-wrap
  2552. msgid "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
  2553. msgstr "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
  2554. #. type: Plain text
  2555. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1614
  2556. msgid "For each of these lines, copy the @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} portion into the @file{.config} in the directory, and append @code{=m}, so in the end it looks like this:"
  2557. msgstr "Pour chacune de ces lignes, copiez la partie @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} dans le @file{.config} du répertoire et ajoutez @code{=m} pour qu'à la fin il ressemble à cela :"
  2558. #. type: example
  2559. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1618
  2560. #, no-wrap
  2561. msgid ""
  2562. "CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
  2563. "CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
  2564. msgstr ""
  2565. "CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
  2566. "CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
  2567. #. type: Plain text
  2568. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1627
  2569. msgid "After copying all the configuration options, run @code{make localmodconfig} again to make sure that you don't have any output starting with ``module''. After all of these machine specific modules there are a couple more left that are also needed. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} is necessary so that you can build and load modules separately and not have everything built into the kernel. @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} is required for reading from hard drives. It is possible that there are other modules which you will need."
  2570. msgstr "Après avoir copié toutes les options de configuration, lancez @code{make localmodconfig} de nouveau pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas de sortie commençant par « module ». Après tous ces modules spécifiques à la machine, il y en a encore quelques uns que nous devons aussi définir. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} est nécessaire pour que nous puissions construire et charger les modules séparément et ne pas tout construire dans le noyau. @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} est requis pour lire les disques durs. Il est possible que vous aillez besoin de quelques autres modules."
  2571. #. type: Plain text
  2572. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1631
  2573. msgid "This post does not aim to be a guide to configuring your own kernel however, so if you do decide to build a custom kernel you'll have to seek out other guides to create a kernel which is just right for your needs."
  2574. msgstr "Cet article n'a pas pour but de vous guider dans la configuration de votre propre noyau cependant, donc si vous décidez de construire un noyau personnalisé vous devrez chercher d'autres guides pour créer un noyau qui vous convient."
  2575. #. type: Plain text
  2576. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1639
  2577. msgid "The second way to setup the kernel configuration makes more use of Guix's features and allows you to share configuration segments between different kernels. For example, all machines using EFI to boot have a number of EFI configuration flags that they need. It is likely that all the kernels will share a list of file systems to support. By using variables it is easier to see at a glance what features are enabled and to make sure you don't have features in one kernel but missing in another."
  2578. msgstr "La deuxième manière de configurer le noyau utilise un peu plus les fonctionnalités de Guix et vous permettent de partager des bouts de configuration entre différents noyaux. Par exemple, toutes les machines avec un démarrage EFI ont besoin d'un certain nombre de configurations. Tous les noyaux vont probablement partager une liste de systèmes de fichiers à prendre en charge. En utilisant des variables il est facile de voir du premier coup quelles fonctionnalités sont activées pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas des fonctionnalités dans un noyau qui manquent dans un autre."
  2579. #. type: Plain text
  2580. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1644
  2581. msgid "Left undiscussed however, is Guix's initrd and its customization. It is likely that you'll need to modify the initrd on a machine using a custom kernel, since certain modules which are expected to be built may not be available for inclusion into the initrd."
  2582. msgstr "Cependant, nous ne parlons pas de la personnalisation du disque de ram initial. Vous devrez sans doute modifier le disque de ram initial sur les machines qui utilisent un noyau personnalisé, puisque certains modules attendus peuvent ne pas être disponibles."
  2583. #. type: Plain text
  2584. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1651
  2585. msgid "Historically, Guix System is centered around an @code{operating-system} structure. This structure contains various fields ranging from the bootloader and kernel declaration to the services to install."
  2586. msgstr "Historiquement, le système Guix est centré sur une structure @code{operating-system}. Cette structure contient divers champs qui vont du chargeur d'amorçage et à la déclaration du noyau aux services à installer."
  2587. #. type: Plain text
  2588. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1657
  2589. msgid "Depending on the target machine, that can go from a standard @code{x86_64} machine to a small ARM single board computer such as the Pine64, the image constraints can vary a lot. The hardware manufacturers will impose different image formats with various partition sizes and offsets."
  2590. msgstr "En fonction de la machine cible, qui peut aller d'une machine @code{x86_64} standard à un petit ordinateur ARM sur carte unique comme le Pine64, les contraintes sur l'image varient beaucoup. Les fabricants imposent différents formats d'image avec plusieurs tailles de partitions et de positions."
  2591. #. type: Plain text
  2592. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1662
  2593. msgid "To create images suitable for all those machines, a new abstraction is necessary: that's the goal of the @code{image} record. This record contains all the required information to be transformed into a standalone image, that can be directly booted on any target machine."
  2594. msgstr "Pour créer des images convenables pour toutes ces machines, une nouvelle abstraction est nécessaire : c'est le but de l'enregistrement @code{image}. Cet enregistrement contient toutes les informations requises pour être transformé en une image complète, qui peut être directement démarrée sur une machine cible."
  2595. #. type: lisp
  2596. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1684
  2597. #, no-wrap
  2598. msgid ""
  2599. "(define-record-type* <image>\n"
  2600. " image make-image\n"
  2601. " image?\n"
  2602. " (name image-name ;symbol\n"
  2603. " (default #f))\n"
  2604. " (format image-format) ;symbol\n"
  2605. " (target image-target\n"
  2606. " (default #f))\n"
  2607. " (size image-size ;size in bytes as integer\n"
  2608. " (default 'guess))\n"
  2609. " (operating-system image-operating-system ;<operating-system>\n"
  2610. " (default #f))\n"
  2611. " (partitions image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
  2612. " (default '()))\n"
  2613. " (compression? image-compression? ;boolean\n"
  2614. " (default #t))\n"
  2615. " (volatile-root? image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
  2616. " (default #t))\n"
  2617. " (substitutable? image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
  2618. " (default #t)))\n"
  2619. msgstr ""
  2620. "(define-record-type* <image>\n"
  2621. " image make-image\n"
  2622. " image?\n"
  2623. " (name image-name ;symbol\n"
  2624. " (default #f))\n"
  2625. " (format image-format) ;symbol\n"
  2626. " (target image-target\n"
  2627. " (default #f))\n"
  2628. " (size image-size ;size in bytes as integer\n"
  2629. " (default 'guess))\n"
  2630. " (operating-system image-operating-system ;<operating-system>\n"
  2631. " (default #f))\n"
  2632. " (partitions image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
  2633. " (default '()))\n"
  2634. " (compression? image-compression? ;boolean\n"
  2635. " (default #t))\n"
  2636. " (volatile-root? image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
  2637. " (default #t))\n"
  2638. " (substitutable? image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
  2639. " (default #t)))\n"
  2640. #. type: Plain text
  2641. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1690
  2642. msgid "This record contains the operating-system to instantiate. The @code{format} field defines the image type and can be @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} or @code{iso9660} for instance. In the future, it could be extended to @code{docker} or other image types."
  2643. msgstr "Cet enregistrement contient le système d'exploitation à instancier. Le champ @code{format} défini le type d'image et peut être @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} ou @code{iso9660} par exemple. Plus tard, on prévoit de l'étendre à @code{docker} et aux autres types d'images."
  2644. #. type: Plain text
  2645. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1693
  2646. msgid "A new directory in the Guix sources is dedicated to images definition. For now there are four files:"
  2647. msgstr "Un nouveau répertoire dans les sources de Guix est dédié aux définitions des images. Pour l'instant il y a quatre fichiers :"
  2648. #. type: file{#1}
  2649. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1695
  2650. #, no-wrap
  2651. msgid "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
  2652. msgstr "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
  2653. #. type: file{#1}
  2654. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1696
  2655. #, no-wrap
  2656. msgid "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
  2657. msgstr "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
  2658. #. type: file{#1}
  2659. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1697
  2660. #, no-wrap
  2661. msgid "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
  2662. msgstr "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
  2663. #. type: file{#1}
  2664. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1698
  2665. #, no-wrap
  2666. msgid "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
  2667. msgstr "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
  2668. #. type: Plain text
  2669. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1704
  2670. msgid "Let's have a look to @file{pine64.scm}. It contains the @code{pine64-barebones-os} variable which is a minimal definition of an operating-system dedicated to the @b{Pine A64 LTS} board."
  2671. msgstr "Regardons le fichier @file{pine64.scm}. Il contient la variable @code{pine64-barebones-os} qui est une définition minimale d'un système d'exploitation dédié à la carte @b{Pine A64 LTS}."
  2672. #. type: lisp
  2673. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1728
  2674. #, no-wrap
  2675. msgid ""
  2676. "(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
  2677. " (operating-system\n"
  2678. " (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
  2679. " (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
  2680. " (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
  2681. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  2682. " (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
  2683. " (targets '(\"/dev/vda\"))))\n"
  2684. " (initrd-modules '())\n"
  2685. " (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
  2686. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  2687. " (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
  2688. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  2689. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  2690. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  2691. " (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
  2692. " (agetty-configuration\n"
  2693. " (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
  2694. " (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
  2695. " (term \"vt100\")\n"
  2696. " (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
  2697. " %base-services))))\n"
  2698. msgstr ""
  2699. "(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
  2700. " (operating-system\n"
  2701. " (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
  2702. " (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
  2703. " (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
  2704. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  2705. " (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
  2706. " (targets '(\"/dev/vda\"))))\n"
  2707. " (initrd-modules '())\n"
  2708. " (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
  2709. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  2710. " (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
  2711. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  2712. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  2713. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  2714. " (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
  2715. " (agetty-configuration\n"
  2716. " (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
  2717. " (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
  2718. " (term \"vt100\")\n"
  2719. " (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
  2720. " %base-services))))\n"
  2721. #. type: Plain text
  2722. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1732
  2723. msgid "The @code{kernel} and @code{bootloader} fields are pointing to packages dedicated to this board."
  2724. msgstr "Les champs @code{kernel} et @code{bootloader} pointent vers les paquets dédiés à cette carte."
  2725. #. type: Plain text
  2726. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1734
  2727. msgid "Right below, the @code{pine64-image-type} variable is also defined."
  2728. msgstr "Ci-dessous, la variable @code{pine64-image-type} est ainsi définie."
  2729. #. type: lisp
  2730. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1740
  2731. #, no-wrap
  2732. msgid ""
  2733. "(define pine64-image-type\n"
  2734. " (image-type\n"
  2735. " (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
  2736. " (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
  2737. msgstr ""
  2738. "(define pine64-image-type\n"
  2739. " (image-type\n"
  2740. " (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
  2741. " (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
  2742. #. type: Plain text
  2743. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1744
  2744. msgid "It's using a record we haven't talked about yet, the @code{image-type} record, defined this way:"
  2745. msgstr "Elle utilise un enregistrement dont nous n'avons pas encore parlé, l'enregistrement @code{image-type}, défini de cette façon :"
  2746. #. type: lisp
  2747. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1751
  2748. #, no-wrap
  2749. msgid ""
  2750. "(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
  2751. " image-type make-image-type\n"
  2752. " image-type?\n"
  2753. " (name image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
  2754. " (constructor image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
  2755. msgstr ""
  2756. "(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
  2757. " image-type make-image-type\n"
  2758. " image-type?\n"
  2759. " (name image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
  2760. " (constructor image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
  2761. #. type: Plain text
  2762. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1757
  2763. msgid "The main purpose of this record is to associate a name to a procedure transforming an @code{operating-system} to an image. To understand why it is necessary, let's have a look to the command producing an image from an @code{operating-system} configuration file:"
  2764. msgstr "Le but principal de cet enregistrement est d'associer un nom à une procédure transformant un @code{operating-system} en une image. Pour comprendre pourquoi c'est nécessaire, voyons la commande produisant une image à partir d'un fichier de configuration de type @code{operating-system} :"
  2765. #. type: example
  2766. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1760
  2767. #, no-wrap
  2768. msgid "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
  2769. msgstr "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
  2770. #. type: Plain text
  2771. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1766
  2772. msgid "This command expects an @code{operating-system} configuration but how should we indicate that we want an image targeting a Pine64 board? We need to provide an extra information, the @code{image-type}, by passing the @code{--image-type} or @code{-t} flag, this way:"
  2773. msgstr "Cette commande demande une configuration de type @code{operating-system} mais comment indiquer que l'on veut cibler une carte Pine64 ? Nous devons fournir l'information supplémentaire, @code{image-type}, en passant le drapeau @code{--image-type} ou @code{-t}, de cette manière :"
  2774. #. type: example
  2775. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1769
  2776. #, no-wrap
  2777. msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
  2778. msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
  2779. #. type: Plain text
  2780. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1775
  2781. msgid "This @code{image-type} parameter points to the @code{pine64-image-type} defined above. Hence, the @code{operating-system} declared in @code{my-os.scm} will be applied the @code{(cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} procedure to turn it into an image."
  2782. msgstr "Ce paramètre @code{image-type} pointe vers le @code{pine64-image-type} défini plus haut. Ainsi, la déclaration @code{operating-system} dans @code{my-os.scm} se verra appliquée la procédure @code{[cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} pour la transformer en une image."
  2783. #. type: Plain text
  2784. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1777
  2785. msgid "The resulting image looks like:"
  2786. msgstr "L'image qui en résulte ressemble à ceci :"
  2787. #. type: lisp
  2788. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1787
  2789. #, no-wrap
  2790. msgid ""
  2791. "(image\n"
  2792. " (format 'disk-image)\n"
  2793. " (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
  2794. " (operating-system my-os)\n"
  2795. " (partitions\n"
  2796. " (list (partition\n"
  2797. " (inherit root-partition)\n"
  2798. " (offset root-offset)))))\n"
  2799. msgstr ""
  2800. "(image\n"
  2801. " (format 'disk-image)\n"
  2802. " (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
  2803. " (operating-system my-os)\n"
  2804. " (partitions\n"
  2805. " (list (partition\n"
  2806. " (inherit root-partition)\n"
  2807. " (offset root-offset)))))\n"
  2808. #. type: Plain text
  2809. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1791
  2810. msgid "which is the aggregation of the @code{operating-system} defined in @code{my-os.scm} to the @code{arm64-disk-image} record."
  2811. msgstr "qui ajoute l'objet @code{operating-system} défini dans @code{my-os.scm} à l'enregistrement @code{arm64-disk-image}."
  2812. #. type: Plain text
  2813. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1793
  2814. msgid "But enough Scheme madness. What does this image API bring to the Guix user?"
  2815. msgstr "Mais assez de cette folie. Qu'est-ce que cette API pour les images apporte aux utilisateurs et utilisatrices ?"
  2816. #. type: Plain text
  2817. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1795
  2818. msgid "One can run:"
  2819. msgstr "On peut lancer :"
  2820. #. type: example
  2821. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1799
  2822. #, no-wrap
  2823. msgid ""
  2824. "mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
  2825. "The available image types are:\n"
  2826. "\n"
  2827. msgstr ""
  2828. "mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
  2829. "Les types d'image disponibles sont :\n"
  2830. "\n"
  2831. #. type: example
  2832. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1811
  2833. #, no-wrap
  2834. msgid ""
  2835. " - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
  2836. " - pine64-raw\n"
  2837. " - novena-raw\n"
  2838. " - hurd-raw\n"
  2839. " - hurd-qcow2\n"
  2840. " - qcow2\n"
  2841. " - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
  2842. " - efi-raw\n"
  2843. " - arm64-raw\n"
  2844. " - arm32-raw\n"
  2845. " - iso9660\n"
  2846. msgstr ""
  2847. " - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
  2848. " - pine64-raw\n"
  2849. " - novena-raw\n"
  2850. " - hurd-raw\n"
  2851. " - hurd-qcow2\n"
  2852. " - qcow2\n"
  2853. " - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
  2854. " - efi-raw\n"
  2855. " - arm64-raw\n"
  2856. " - arm32-raw\n"
  2857. " - iso9660\n"
  2858. #. type: Plain text
  2859. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1816
  2860. msgid "and by writing an @code{operating-system} file based on @code{pine64-barebones-os}, you can customize your image to your preferences in a file (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) like this:"
  2861. msgstr "et en écrivant un fichier de type @code{operating-system} basé sur @code{pine64-barebones-os}, vous pouvez personnaliser votre image selon vos préférences dasn un fichier (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) de cette manière :"
  2862. #. type: lisp
  2863. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1820
  2864. #, no-wrap
  2865. msgid ""
  2866. "(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
  2867. " (gnu system images pine64))\n"
  2868. "\n"
  2869. msgstr ""
  2870. "(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
  2871. " (gnu system images pine64))\n"
  2872. "\n"
  2873. #. type: lisp
  2874. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1831
  2875. #, no-wrap
  2876. msgid ""
  2877. "(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
  2878. " (operating-system\n"
  2879. " (inherit base-os)\n"
  2880. " (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
  2881. " (services\n"
  2882. " (cons\n"
  2883. " (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
  2884. " (earlyoom-configuration\n"
  2885. " (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
  2886. " (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
  2887. msgstr ""
  2888. "(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
  2889. " (operating-system\n"
  2890. " (inherit base-os)\n"
  2891. " (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
  2892. " (services\n"
  2893. " (cons\n"
  2894. " (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
  2895. " (earlyoom-configuration\n"
  2896. " (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
  2897. " (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
  2898. #. type: Plain text
  2899. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1834
  2900. msgid "run:"
  2901. msgstr "lancez :"
  2902. #. type: example
  2903. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1837
  2904. #, no-wrap
  2905. msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
  2906. msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
  2907. #. type: Plain text
  2908. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1840
  2909. msgid "or,"
  2910. msgstr "ou bien,"
  2911. #. type: example
  2912. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1843
  2913. #, no-wrap
  2914. msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
  2915. msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
  2916. #. type: Plain text
  2917. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1847
  2918. msgid "to get an image that can be written directly to a hard drive and booted from."
  2919. msgstr "pour récupérer une image que vous pouvez écrire sur un disque dur pour démarrer dessus."
  2920. #. type: Plain text
  2921. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1849
  2922. msgid "Without changing anything to @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, calling:"
  2923. msgstr "Sans rien changer à @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, en appelant :"
  2924. #. type: example
  2925. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1852
  2926. #, no-wrap
  2927. msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
  2928. msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
  2929. #. type: Plain text
  2930. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1855
  2931. msgid "will instead produce a Hurd QEMU image."
  2932. msgstr "vous aurez une image QEMU pour le Hurd à la place."
  2933. #. type: Plain text
  2934. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1862
  2935. msgid "To connect to a Wireguard VPN server you need the kernel module to be loaded in memory and a package providing networking tools that support it (e.g. @code{wireguard-tools} or @code{network-manager})."
  2936. msgstr "Pour se connecter à un serveur VPN Wireguard, il faut que le module du noyau soit chargé en mémoire et qu'un paquet fournissant des outils de réseau le prenne en charge (par exemple, @code{wireguard-tools} ou @code{network-manager})."
  2937. #. type: Plain text
  2938. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1866
  2939. msgid "Here is a configuration example for Linux-Libre < 5.6, where the module is out of tree and need to be loaded manually---following revisions of the kernel have it built-in and so don't need such configuration:"
  2940. msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration pour Linux-Libre < 5.6, où le module est hors de l'arborescence des sources et doit être chargé manuellement--les révisions suivantes du noyau l'ont intégré et n'ont donc pas besoin d'une telle configuration :"
  2941. #. type: lisp
  2942. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1871
  2943. #, no-wrap
  2944. msgid ""
  2945. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  2946. "(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
  2947. "(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
  2948. "\n"
  2949. msgstr ""
  2950. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  2951. "(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
  2952. "(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
  2953. "\n"
  2954. #. type: lisp
  2955. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1880
  2956. #, no-wrap
  2957. msgid ""
  2958. "(operating-system\n"
  2959. " ;; …\n"
  2960. " (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
  2961. " kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
  2962. " '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
  2963. " %desktop-services))\n"
  2964. " (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
  2965. " (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"
  2966. msgstr ""
  2967. "(operating-system\n"
  2968. " ;; …\n"
  2969. " (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
  2970. " kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
  2971. " '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
  2972. " %desktop-services))\n"
  2973. " (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
  2974. " (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"
  2975. #. type: Plain text
  2976. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1884
  2977. msgid "After reconfiguring and restarting your system you can either use Wireguard tools or NetworkManager to connect to a VPN server."
  2978. msgstr "Après avoir reconfiguré et redémarré votre système, vous pouvez utiliser les outils Wireguard ou NetworkManager pour vous connecter à un serveur VPN."
  2979. #. type: subsection
  2980. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1885
  2981. #, no-wrap
  2982. msgid "Using Wireguard tools"
  2983. msgstr "Utilisation des outils Wireguard"
  2984. #. type: Plain text
  2985. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1891
  2986. msgid "To test your Wireguard setup it is convenient to use @command{wg-quick}. Just give it a configuration file @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}; or put that file in @file{/etc/wireguard} and run @command{wg-quick up wg0} instead."
  2987. msgstr "Pour tester votre configuration Wireguard, vous pouvez utiliser @command{wg-quick}. Donnez-lui simplement un fichier de configuration : @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}, ou placez ce fichier dans @file{/etc/wireguard} et lancez @command{wg-quick up wg0} à la place."
  2988. #. type: quotation
  2989. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1895
  2990. msgid "Be warned that the author described this command as a: “[…] very quick and dirty bash script […]”."
  2991. msgstr "Soyez averti que l'auteur a décrit cette commande comme un : « [...] script bash écrit à la va-vite [...] »."
  2992. #. type: subsection
  2993. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1897
  2994. #, no-wrap
  2995. msgid "Using NetworkManager"
  2996. msgstr "En utilisant NetworkManager"
  2997. #. type: Plain text
  2998. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1905
  2999. msgid "Thanks to NetworkManager support for Wireguard we can connect to our VPN using @command{nmcli} command. Up to this point this guide assumes that you're using Network Manager service provided by @code{%desktop-services}. Ortherwise you need to adjust your services list to load @code{network-manager-service-type} and reconfigure your Guix system."
  3000. msgstr "Grâce à la prise en charge de NetworkManager pour Wireguard, nous pouvons nous connecter à notre VPN en utilisant la commande @command{nmcli}. Jusqu'ici, ce guide suppose que vous utilisez le service Network Manager fourni par @code{%desktop-services}. Dans le cas contraire, vous devez ajuster votre liste de services pour charger @code{network-manager-service-type} et reconfigurer votre système Guix."
  3001. #. type: Plain text
  3002. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1907
  3003. msgid "To import your VPN configuration execute nmcli import command:"
  3004. msgstr "Pour importer votre configuration VPN, exécutez la commande d'import de nmcli :"
  3005. #. type: example
  3006. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1911
  3007. #, no-wrap
  3008. msgid ""
  3009. "# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
  3010. "Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"
  3011. msgstr ""
  3012. "# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
  3013. "Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"
  3014. #. type: Plain text
  3015. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1916
  3016. msgid "This will create a configuration file in @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}. Next connect to the Wireguard server:"
  3017. msgstr "Cela va créer un fichier de configuration dans @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}. Ensuite connectez-vous au serveur Wireguard :"
  3018. #. type: example
  3019. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1920
  3020. #, no-wrap
  3021. msgid ""
  3022. "$ nmcli connection up wg0\n"
  3023. "Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n"
  3024. msgstr ""
  3025. "$ nmcli connection up wg0\n"
  3026. "Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n"
  3027. #. type: Plain text
  3028. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1924
  3029. msgid "By default NetworkManager will connect automatically on system boot. To change that behaviour you need to edit your config:"
  3030. msgstr "Par défaut, NetworkManager se connectera automatiquement au démarrage du système. Pour changer ce comportement vous devez modifier votre configuration :"
  3031. #. type: example
  3032. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1927
  3033. #, no-wrap
  3034. msgid "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"
  3035. msgstr "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"
  3036. #. type: Plain text
  3037. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1932
  3038. msgid "For more specific information about NetworkManager and wireguard @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,see this post by thaller}."
  3039. msgstr "Pour des informations plus spécifiques sur NetworkManager et wireguard @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,voir ce billet par thaller}."
  3040. #. type: cindex
  3041. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1935
  3042. #, no-wrap
  3043. msgid "wm"
  3044. msgstr "wm"
  3045. #. type: subsection
  3046. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1937 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1938
  3047. #, no-wrap
  3048. msgid "StumpWM"
  3049. msgstr "StumpWM"
  3050. #. type: cindex
  3051. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1939
  3052. #, no-wrap
  3053. msgid "stumpwm"
  3054. msgstr "stumpwm"
  3055. #. type: Plain text
  3056. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1944
  3057. msgid "You could install StumpWM with a Guix system by adding @code{stumpwm} and optionally @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} packages to a system configuration file, e.g.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
  3058. msgstr "Vous pouvez installer StumpWM sur un système Guix en ajoutant @code{stumwm} et éventuellement @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} dans les paquets du fichier de système d'exploitation, p.@: ex.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
  3059. #. type: Plain text
  3060. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1946
  3061. msgid "An example configuration can look like this:"
  3062. msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration :"
  3063. #. type: lisp
  3064. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1950
  3065. #, no-wrap
  3066. msgid ""
  3067. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3068. "(use-package-modules wm)\n"
  3069. "\n"
  3070. msgstr ""
  3071. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3072. "(use-package-modules wm)\n"
  3073. "\n"
  3074. #. type: lisp
  3075. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1955
  3076. #, no-wrap
  3077. msgid ""
  3078. "(operating-system\n"
  3079. " ;; …\n"
  3080. " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
  3081. " %base-packages)))\n"
  3082. msgstr ""
  3083. "(operating-system\n"
  3084. " ;; …\n"
  3085. " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
  3086. " %base-packages)))\n"
  3087. #. type: cindex
  3088. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1957
  3089. #, no-wrap
  3090. msgid "stumpwm fonts"
  3091. msgstr "polices stumpwm"
  3092. #. type: Plain text
  3093. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1961
  3094. msgid "By default StumpWM uses X11 fonts, which could be small or pixelated on your system. You could fix this by installing StumpWM contrib Lisp module @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, adding it to Guix system packages:"
  3095. msgstr "Par défaut StumpWM utilise les polices X11, qui peuvent être petites ou pixelisées sur votre système. Vous pouvez corriger cela en installant le module Lisp pour StumpWM @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, en l'ajoutant aux paquets de votre système :"
  3096. #. type: lisp
  3097. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1965
  3098. #, no-wrap
  3099. msgid ""
  3100. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3101. "(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
  3102. "\n"
  3103. msgstr ""
  3104. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3105. "(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
  3106. "\n"
  3107. #. type: lisp
  3108. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1970
  3109. #, no-wrap
  3110. msgid ""
  3111. "(operating-system\n"
  3112. " ;; …\n"
  3113. " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
  3114. " sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
  3115. msgstr ""
  3116. "(operating-system\n"
  3117. " ;; …\n"
  3118. " (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
  3119. " sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
  3120. #. type: Plain text
  3121. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1974
  3122. msgid "Then you need to add the following code to a StumpWM configuration file @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp}:"
  3123. msgstr "Ensuite vous devrez ajouter le code suivant à au fichier de configuration de StumpWM @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp} :"
  3124. #. type: lisp
  3125. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1981
  3126. #, no-wrap
  3127. msgid ""
  3128. "(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
  3129. "(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
  3130. "(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
  3131. "(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
  3132. "(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"
  3133. msgstr ""
  3134. "(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
  3135. "(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
  3136. "(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
  3137. "(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
  3138. "(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"
  3139. #. type: subsection
  3140. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1983 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1984
  3141. #, no-wrap
  3142. msgid "Session lock"
  3143. msgstr "Verrouillage de session"
  3144. #. type: cindex
  3145. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1985
  3146. #, no-wrap
  3147. msgid "sessionlock"
  3148. msgstr "verrouillage de session"
  3149. #. type: Plain text
  3150. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1991
  3151. msgid "Depending on your environment, locking the screen of your session might come built in or it might be something you have to set up yourself. If you use a desktop environment like GNOME or KDE, it's usually built in. If you use a plain window manager like StumpWM or EXWM, you might have to set it up yourself."
  3152. msgstr "En fonction de votre environnement, le verrouillage de l'écran peut être inclus, ou vous devrez le configurer vous-même. La fonctionnalité est souvent intégrée aux environnements de bureau comme GNOME ou KDE. Si vous utilisez un gestionnaire de fenêtre comme StumpWM ou EXWM, vous devrez sans doute le configurer vous-même."
  3153. #. type: subsubsection
  3154. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1992 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1993
  3155. #, no-wrap
  3156. msgid "Xorg"
  3157. msgstr "Xorg"
  3158. #. type: Plain text
  3159. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1999
  3160. msgid "If you use Xorg, you can use the utility @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} to lock the screen of your session. xss-lock is triggered by DPMS which since Xorg 1.8 is auto-detected and enabled if ACPI is also enabled at kernel runtime."
  3161. msgstr "Si vous utilisez Xorg, vous pouvez utiliser l'utilitaire @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} pour verrouiller votre session. xss-lock est lancé par DPMS qui est détecté et activé automatiquement par Xorg 1.8 si ACPI est aussi activé à l'exécution dans le noyau."
  3162. #. type: Plain text
  3163. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2002
  3164. msgid "To use xss-lock, you can simple execute it and put it into the background before you start your window manager from e.g. your @file{~/.xsession}:"
  3165. msgstr "Pour utiliser xss-lock, vous pouvez simplement l'exécuter et le laisser tourner en tache de fond avant de démarrer votre gestionnaire de fenêtre, par exemple dans votre @file{~/.xsession} :"
  3166. #. type: example
  3167. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2006
  3168. #, no-wrap
  3169. msgid ""
  3170. "xss-lock -- slock &\n"
  3171. "exec stumpwm\n"
  3172. msgstr ""
  3173. "xss-lock -- slock &\n"
  3174. "exec stumpwm\n"
  3175. #. type: Plain text
  3176. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2010
  3177. msgid "In this example, xss-lock uses @code{slock} to do the actual locking of the screen when it determines it's appropriate, like when you suspend your device."
  3178. msgstr "Dans cet exemple, xss-lock utilise @code{slock} pour effectivement verrouiller l'écran quand il pense que c'est nécessaire, comme lorsque vous mettez votre machine en veille."
  3179. #. type: Plain text
  3180. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2014
  3181. msgid "For slock to be allowed to be a screen locker for the graphical session, it needs to be made setuid-root so it can authenticate users, and it needs a PAM service. This can be achieved by adding the following service to your @file{config.scm}:"
  3182. msgstr "Pour que slock puisse verrouiller l'écran de la session graphique, il doit être en setuid-root pour qu'il puisse authentifier les utilisateurs, et il a besoin d'un service PAM. On peut y arriver en ajoutant le service suivant dans notre @file{config.scm} :"
  3183. #. type: lisp
  3184. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2017
  3185. #, no-wrap
  3186. msgid "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
  3187. msgstr "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
  3188. #. type: Plain text
  3189. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2023
  3190. msgid "If you manually lock your screen, e.g. by directly calling slock when you want to lock your screen but not suspend it, it's a good idea to notify xss-lock about this so no confusion occurs. This can be done by executing @code{xset s activate} immediately before you execute slock."
  3191. msgstr "Si vous verrouillez l'écran manuellement, p.@: ex.@: en appelant slock directement si vous voulez verrouiller l'écran sans mettre l'ordinateur en veille, il vaut mieux notifier xss-lock pour éviter la confusion. Vous pouvez faire cela en exécutant @code{xset s activate} juste avant d'exécuter slock."
  3192. #. type: cindex
  3193. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2026
  3194. #, no-wrap
  3195. msgid "linode, Linode"
  3196. msgstr "linode, Linode"
  3197. #. type: Plain text
  3198. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2031
  3199. msgid "To run Guix on a server hosted by @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, start with a recommended Debian server. We recommend using the default distro as a way to bootstrap Guix. Create your SSH keys."
  3200. msgstr "Pour lancer Guix sur un serveur hébergé par @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, commencez par un serveur Debian recommandé. Nous vous recommandons d'utiliser la distribution par défaut pour amorcer Guix. Créez vos clés SSH."
  3201. #. type: example
  3202. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2034
  3203. #, no-wrap
  3204. msgid "ssh-keygen\n"
  3205. msgstr "ssh-keygen\n"
  3206. #. type: Plain text
  3207. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2040
  3208. msgid "Be sure to add your SSH key for easy login to the remote server. This is trivially done via Linode's graphical interface for adding SSH keys. Go to your profile and click add SSH Key. Copy into it the output of:"
  3209. msgstr "Assurez-vous d'ajouter votre clé SSH pour vous connecter facilement sur le serveur distant. C'est facilité par l'interface graphique de Linode. Allez sur votre profil et cliquez sur le bouton pour ajouter une clé SSH. Copiez la sortie de :"
  3210. #. type: example
  3211. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2043
  3212. #, no-wrap
  3213. msgid "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
  3214. msgstr "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
  3215. #. type: Plain text
  3216. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2046
  3217. msgid "Power the Linode down."
  3218. msgstr "Éteignez votre Linode."
  3219. #. type: Plain text
  3220. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2050
  3221. msgid "In the Linode's Storage tab, resize the Debian disk to be smaller. 30 GB free space is recommended. Then click \"Add a disk\", and fill out the form with the following:"
  3222. msgstr "Dans l'onglet de stockage du Linode, modifiez la taille du disque Debian pour qu'il soit plus petit. Nous recommandons 30 Go d'espace libre. Ensuite, cliquez sur « Ajouter un disque » et remplissez le formulaire de cette manière :"
  3223. #. type: itemize
  3224. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2054
  3225. msgid "Label: \"Guix\""
  3226. msgstr "Label: \"Guix\""
  3227. #. type: itemize
  3228. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2057
  3229. msgid "Filesystem: ext4"
  3230. msgstr "Filesystem: ext4"
  3231. #. type: itemize
  3232. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2060
  3233. msgid "Set it to the remaining size"
  3234. msgstr "Donnez-lui la taille restante"
  3235. #. type: Plain text
  3236. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2065
  3237. msgid "In the Configurations tab, press \"Edit\" on the default Debian profile. Under \"Block Device Assignment\" click \"Add a Device\". It should be @file{/dev/sdc} and you can select the \"Guix\" disk. Save Changes."
  3238. msgstr "Dans l'onglet de configuration, cliquez sur « modifier » sur le profil Debian par défaut. Dans « Block Device Assignment » cliquez sur « Add a Device ». Il devrait apparaître en tant que @file{/dev/sdc} et vous pouvez sélectionner le disque « Guix ». Sauvegardez les changements."
  3239. #. type: Plain text
  3240. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2067
  3241. msgid "Now \"Add a Configuration\", with the following:"
  3242. msgstr "Maintenant « Add a Configuration », avec ce qui suit :"
  3243. #. type: itemize
  3244. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2070
  3245. msgid "Label: Guix"
  3246. msgstr "Label: Guix"
  3247. #. type: itemize
  3248. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2073
  3249. msgid "Kernel:GRUB 2 (it's at the bottom! This step is @b{IMPORTANT!})"
  3250. msgstr "Kernel: GRUB 2 (c'est à la toute fin ! Cette étape est @b{IMPORTANTE !})"
  3251. #. type: itemize
  3252. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2076
  3253. msgid "Block device assignment:"
  3254. msgstr "Périphériques blocs assignés :"
  3255. #. type: itemize
  3256. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2079
  3257. msgid "@file{/dev/sda}: Guix"
  3258. msgstr "@file{/dev/sda} : Guix"
  3259. #. type: itemize
  3260. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2082
  3261. msgid "@file{/dev/sdb}: swap"
  3262. msgstr "@file{/dev/sdb} : swap"
  3263. #. type: itemize
  3264. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2085
  3265. msgid "Root device: @file{/dev/sda}"
  3266. msgstr "Périphérique racine : @file{/dev/sda}"
  3267. #. type: itemize
  3268. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2088
  3269. msgid "Turn off all the filesystem/boot helpers"
  3270. msgstr "Désactivez tous les programmes d'aide pour les systèmes de fichiers et le démarrage"
  3271. #. type: Plain text
  3272. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2095
  3273. msgid "Now power it back up, booting with the Debian configuration. Once it's running, ssh to your server via @code{ssh root@@@var{<your-server-IP-here>}}. (You can find your server IP address in your Linode Summary section.) Now you can run the \"install guix from @pxref{Binary Installation,,, guix, GNU Guix}\" steps:"
  3274. msgstr "Maintenant démarrez le serveur avec la configuration Debian. Une fois lancé, connectez vous en ssh au serveur avec @code{ssh root@@@var{<IP-de-votre-serveur-ici>}}. (Vous pouvez trouver l'adresse IP de votre serveur dans la section résumé de Linode). Maintenant vous pouvez lancer les étapes d'installation de @pxref{Installation binaire,,, guix.fr, GNU Guix} :"
  3275. #. type: example
  3276. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2103
  3277. #, no-wrap
  3278. msgid ""
  3279. "sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
  3280. "wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import -\n"
  3281. "wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
  3282. "chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
  3283. "./guix-install.sh\n"
  3284. "guix pull\n"
  3285. msgstr ""
  3286. "sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
  3287. "wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import -\n"
  3288. "wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
  3289. "chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
  3290. "./guix-install.sh\n"
  3291. "guix pull\n"
  3292. #. type: Plain text
  3293. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2107
  3294. msgid "Now it's time to write out a config for the server. The key information is below. Save the resulting file as @file{guix-config.scm}."
  3295. msgstr "Maintenant il est temps d'écrire une configuration pour le serveur. Voici ce que vous devrez obligatoirement écrire, en plus de vos propres configurations. Enregistrez le fichier avec le nom @file{guix-config.scm}."
  3296. #. type: lisp
  3297. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2118
  3298. #, no-wrap
  3299. msgid ""
  3300. "(use-modules (gnu)\n"
  3301. " (guix modules))\n"
  3302. "(use-service-modules networking\n"
  3303. " ssh)\n"
  3304. "(use-package-modules admin\n"
  3305. " certs\n"
  3306. " package-management\n"
  3307. " ssh\n"
  3308. " tls)\n"
  3309. "\n"
  3310. msgstr ""
  3311. "(use-modules (gnu)\n"
  3312. " (guix modules))\n"
  3313. "(use-service-modules networking\n"
  3314. " ssh)\n"
  3315. "(use-package-modules admin\n"
  3316. " certs\n"
  3317. " package-management\n"
  3318. " ssh\n"
  3319. " tls)\n"
  3320. "\n"
  3321. #. type: lisp
  3322. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2135
  3323. #, no-wrap
  3324. msgid ""
  3325. "(operating-system\n"
  3326. " (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
  3327. " (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
  3328. " (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
  3329. " ;; This goofy code will generate the grub.cfg\n"
  3330. " ;; without installing the grub bootloader on disk.\n"
  3331. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  3332. " (bootloader\n"
  3333. " (bootloader\n"
  3334. " (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
  3335. " (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
  3336. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  3337. " (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
  3338. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  3339. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  3340. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  3341. "\n"
  3342. msgstr ""
  3343. "(operating-system\n"
  3344. " (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
  3345. " (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
  3346. " (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
  3347. " ;; Ce code va générer un grub.cfg\n"
  3348. " ;; sans installer le chargeur d'amorçage grub sur le disque.\n"
  3349. " (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
  3350. " (bootloader\n"
  3351. " (bootloader\n"
  3352. " (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
  3353. " (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
  3354. " (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
  3355. " (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
  3356. " (mount-point \"/\")\n"
  3357. " (type \"ext4\"))\n"
  3358. " %base-file-systems))\n"
  3359. "\n"
  3360. #. type: lisp
  3361. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2138
  3362. #, no-wrap
  3363. msgid ""
  3364. " (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
  3365. "\n"
  3366. msgstr ""
  3367. " (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
  3368. "\n"
  3369. #. type: lisp
  3370. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2142
  3371. #, no-wrap
  3372. msgid ""
  3373. " (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\" ; Needed to find the disk\n"
  3374. " %base-initrd-modules))\n"
  3375. "\n"
  3376. msgstr ""
  3377. " (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\" ; Requis pour trouver le disque\n"
  3378. " %base-initrd-modules))\n"
  3379. "\n"
  3380. #. type: lisp
  3381. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2151
  3382. #, no-wrap
  3383. msgid ""
  3384. " (users (cons (user-account\n"
  3385. " (name \"janedoe\")\n"
  3386. " (group \"users\")\n"
  3387. " ;; Adding the account to the \"wheel\" group\n"
  3388. " ;; makes it a sudoer.\n"
  3389. " (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
  3390. " (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
  3391. " %base-user-accounts))\n"
  3392. "\n"
  3393. msgstr ""
  3394. " (users (cons (user-account\n"
  3395. " (name \"janedoe\")\n"
  3396. " (group \"users\")\n"
  3397. " ;; Ajoute le compte au groupe « wheel »\n"
  3398. " ;; pour en faire un sudoer.\n"
  3399. " (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
  3400. " (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
  3401. " %base-user-accounts))\n"
  3402. "\n"
  3403. #. type: lisp
  3404. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2155
  3405. #, no-wrap
  3406. msgid ""
  3407. " (packages (cons* nss-certs ;for HTTPS access\n"
  3408. " openssh-sans-x\n"
  3409. " %base-packages))\n"
  3410. "\n"
  3411. msgstr ""
  3412. " (packages (cons* nss-certs ; pour l'accès HTTPS\n"
  3413. " openssh-sans-x\n"
  3414. " %base-packages))\n"
  3415. "\n"
  3416. #. type: lisp
  3417. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2166
  3418. #, no-wrap
  3419. msgid ""
  3420. " (services (cons*\n"
  3421. " (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
  3422. " (service openssh-service-type\n"
  3423. " (openssh-configuration\n"
  3424. " (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
  3425. " (password-authentication? #false)\n"
  3426. " (authorized-keys\n"
  3427. " `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
  3428. " (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
  3429. " %base-services)))\n"
  3430. msgstr ""
  3431. " (services (cons*\n"
  3432. " (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
  3433. " (service openssh-service-type\n"
  3434. " (openssh-configuration\n"
  3435. " (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
  3436. " (password-authentication? #false)\n"
  3437. " (authorized-keys\n"
  3438. " `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
  3439. " (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
  3440. " %base-services)))\n"
  3441. #. type: Plain text
  3442. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2169
  3443. msgid "Replace the following fields in the above configuration:"
  3444. msgstr "Remplacez les champs suivants dans la configuration ci-dessus :"
  3445. #. type: lisp
  3446. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2177
  3447. #, no-wrap
  3448. msgid ""
  3449. "(host-name \"my-server\") ; replace with your server name\n"
  3450. "; if you chose a linode server outside the U.S., then\n"
  3451. "; use tzselect to find a correct timezone string\n"
  3452. "(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; if needed replace timezone\n"
  3453. "(name \"janedoe\") ; replace with your username\n"
  3454. "(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
  3455. "(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
  3456. msgstr ""
  3457. "(host-name \"my-server\") ; remplacez avec le nom de votre serveur\n"
  3458. "; si vous avez choisi un serveur Linode en dehors des U.S.,\n"
  3459. "; utilisez tzselect pour trouver le bon fuseau horaire\n"
  3460. "(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; remplacez le fuseau horaire si besoin\n"
  3461. "(name \"janedoe\") ; remplacez avec votre nom d'utilisateur\n"
  3462. "(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; remplacez par votre clé ssh\n"
  3463. "(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; remplacez par votre clé ssh\n"
  3464. #. type: Plain text
  3465. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2184
  3466. msgid "The last line in the above example lets you log into the server as root and set the initial root password (see the note at the end of this recipe about root login). After you have done this, you may delete that line from your configuration and reconfigure to prevent root login."
  3467. msgstr "Cette dernière ligne vous permet de vous connecter au serveur en root et de créer le mot de passe initial de root (voir la note à la fin de cette recette sur la connexion en root). Après avoir fait cela, vous pouvez supprimer cette ligne de votre configuration et reconfigurer pour empêcher la connexion directe en root."
  3468. #. type: Plain text
  3469. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2189
  3470. msgid "Copy your ssh public key (eg: @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) as @file{@var{<your-username-here>}_rsa.pub} and put @file{guix-config.scm} in the same directory. In a new terminal run these commands."
  3471. msgstr "Copiez votre clé ssh publique (ex : @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) dans @file{@var{<votre-nom-d'utilisateur>}_rsa.pub} et ajoutez votre @file{guix-config.scm} au même répertoire. Dans un nouveau terminal lancez ces commandes."
  3472. #. type: example
  3473. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2194
  3474. #, no-wrap
  3475. msgid ""
  3476. "sftp root@@<remote server ip address>\n"
  3477. "put /path/to/files/<username>_rsa.pub .\n"
  3478. "put /path/to/files/guix-config.scm .\n"
  3479. msgstr ""
  3480. "sftp root@@<adresse IP du serveur distant>\n"
  3481. "put /path/to/files/<username>_rsa.pub .\n"
  3482. "put /path/to/files/guix-config.scm .\n"
  3483. #. type: Plain text
  3484. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2197
  3485. msgid "In your first terminal, mount the guix drive:"
  3486. msgstr "Dans votre premier terminal, montez le disque guix :"
  3487. #. type: example
  3488. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2201
  3489. #, no-wrap
  3490. msgid ""
  3491. "mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
  3492. "mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"
  3493. msgstr ""
  3494. "mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
  3495. "mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"
  3496. #. type: Plain text
  3497. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2206
  3498. msgid "Due to the way we set up the bootloader section of the guix-config.scm, only the grub configuration file will be installed. So, we need to copy over some of the other GRUB stuff already installed on the Debian system:"
  3499. msgstr "À cause de la manière dont nous avons paramétré la section du chargeur d'amorçage dans le fichier guix-config.scm, nous installons seulement notre fichier de configuration grub. Donc on doit copier certains fichiers GRUB déjà installés sur le système Debian :"
  3500. #. type: example
  3501. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2210
  3502. #, no-wrap
  3503. msgid ""
  3504. "mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
  3505. "cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"
  3506. msgstr ""
  3507. "mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
  3508. "cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"
  3509. #. type: Plain text
  3510. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2213
  3511. msgid "Now initialize the Guix installation:"
  3512. msgstr "Maintenant initialisez l'installation de Guix :"
  3513. #. type: example
  3514. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2216
  3515. #, no-wrap
  3516. msgid "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"
  3517. msgstr "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"
  3518. #. type: Plain text
  3519. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2220
  3520. msgid "Ok, power it down! Now from the Linode console, select boot and select \"Guix\"."
  3521. msgstr "Ok, éteignez maintenant le serveur ! Depuis la console Linode, démarrez et choisissez « Guix »."
  3522. #. type: Plain text
  3523. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2223
  3524. msgid "Once it boots, you should be able to log in via SSH! (The server config will have changed though.) You may encounter an error like:"
  3525. msgstr "Une fois démarré, vous devriez pouvoir vous connecter en SSH ! (La configuration du serveur aura cependant changé). Vous pouvez rencontrer une erreur de ce type :"
  3526. #. type: example
  3527. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2239
  3528. #, no-wrap
  3529. msgid ""
  3530. "$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
  3531. "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
  3532. "@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @\n"
  3533. "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
  3534. "IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
  3535. "Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
  3536. "It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
  3537. "The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
  3538. "SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
  3539. "Please contact your system administrator.\n"
  3540. "Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.\n"
  3541. "Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
  3542. "ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking.\n"
  3543. "Host key verification failed.\n"
  3544. msgstr ""
  3545. "$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
  3546. "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
  3547. "@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @\n"
  3548. "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
  3549. "IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
  3550. "Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
  3551. "It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
  3552. "The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
  3553. "SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
  3554. "Please contact your system administrator.\n"
  3555. "Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.\n"
  3556. "Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
  3557. "ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking.\n"
  3558. "Host key verification failed.\n"
  3559. #. type: Plain text
  3560. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2243
  3561. msgid "Either delete @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts} file, or delete the offending line starting with your server IP address."
  3562. msgstr "Vous pouvez soit supprimer @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts}, soit supprimer la ligne qui pose problème, qui commence par l'adresse IP de votre serveur."
  3563. #. type: Plain text
  3564. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2245
  3565. msgid "Be sure to set your password and root's password."
  3566. msgstr "Assurez-vous de configurer votre mot de passe et celui de root."
  3567. #. type: example
  3568. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2250
  3569. #, no-wrap
  3570. msgid ""
  3571. "ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
  3572. "passwd ; for the root password\n"
  3573. "passwd <username> ; for the user password\n"
  3574. msgstr ""
  3575. "ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
  3576. "passwd ; pour le mot de passe root\n"
  3577. "passwd <username> ; pour le mot de passe utilisateur\n"
  3578. #. type: Plain text
  3579. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2257
  3580. msgid "You may not be able to run the above commands at this point. If you have issues remotely logging into your linode box via SSH, then you may still need to set your root and user password initially by clicking on the ``Launch Console'' option in your linode. Choose the ``Glish'' instead of ``Weblish''. Now you should be able to ssh into the machine."
  3581. msgstr "Il se peut que vous ne puissiez pas lancer les commandes précédentes si vous n'arrivez pas à vous connecter à distance via SSH, auquel cas vous devrez peut-être configurer vos mot de passes utilisateurs et root en cliquant sur « Launch Console » dans votre espace Linode. Choisissez « Glish » au lieu de « Weblish ». Maintenant vous devriez pouvoir vous connecter en ssh à la machine."
  3582. #. type: Plain text
  3583. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2261
  3584. msgid "Hooray! At this point you can shut down the server, delete the Debian disk, and resize the Guix to the rest of the size. Congratulations!"
  3585. msgstr "Hourra ! Maintenant vous pouvez étendre le serveur, supprimer le disque Debian et redimensionner celui de Guix. Bravo !"
  3586. #. type: Plain text
  3587. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2266
  3588. msgid "By the way, if you save it as a disk image right at this point, you'll have an easy time spinning up new Guix images! You may need to down-size the Guix image to 6144MB, to save it as an image. Then you can resize it again to the max size."
  3589. msgstr "Au fait, si vous sauvegardez le résultat dans une image disque maintenant, vous pourrez plus facilement démarrer de nouvelles images de guix ! Vous devrez peut-être réduire la taille de l'image Guix à 6144 Mo, pour la sauvegarder en tant qu'image. Ensuite vous pouvez redimensionner la partition à la taille maximum."
  3590. #. type: Plain text
  3591. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2275
  3592. msgid "To bind mount a file system, one must first set up some definitions before the @code{operating-system} section of the system definition. In this example we will bind mount a folder from a spinning disk drive to @file{/tmp}, to save wear and tear on the primary SSD, without dedicating an entire partition to be mounted as @file{/tmp}."
  3593. msgstr "Pour dupliquer le montage d'un système de fichier (@i{bind mount}), on doit d'abord ajouter quelques définitions avant la section @code{operating-system} de la définition de système d'exploitation. Dans cet exemple nous allons dupliquer le montage d'un dossier d'un disque dur vers @file{/tmp}, pour éviter d'épuiser le SSD principal, sans dédier une partition entière à @file{/tmp}."
  3594. #. type: Plain text
  3595. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2278
  3596. msgid "First, the source drive that hosts the folder we wish to bind mount should be defined, so that the bind mount can depend on it."
  3597. msgstr "Déjà, le disque source qui héberge de dossier dont nous voulons dupliquer le montage doit être défini, pour que le montage dupliqué puisse en dépendre."
  3598. #. type: lisp
  3599. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2285
  3600. #, no-wrap
  3601. msgid ""
  3602. "(define source-drive ;; \"source-drive\" can be named anything you want.\n"
  3603. " (file-system\n"
  3604. " (device (uuid \"UUID goes here\"))\n"
  3605. " (mount-point \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here\")\n"
  3606. " (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Make sure to set this to the appropriate type for your drive.\n"
  3607. msgstr ""
  3608. "(define source-drive ;; vous pouvez nommer « source-drive » comme vous le souhaitez.\n"
  3609. " (file-system\n"
  3610. " (device (uuid \"indiquez l'UUID ici\"))\n"
  3611. " (mount-point \"/chemin-vers-le-disque-dur\")\n"
  3612. " (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Assurez-vous d'indiquer le bon type pour la partition\n"
  3613. #. type: Plain text
  3614. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2289
  3615. msgid "The source folder must also be defined, so that guix will know it's not a regular block device, but a folder."
  3616. msgstr "Le dossier source doit aussi être défini, pour que guix sache qu'il ne s'agit pas d'un périphérique bloc, mais d'un dossier."
  3617. #. type: lisp
  3618. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2291
  3619. #, no-wrap
  3620. msgid "(define (%source-directory) \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here/tmp\") ;; \"source-directory\" can be named any valid variable name.\n"
  3621. msgstr "(define (%source-directory) \"/chemin-vers-le-disque-dur/tmp\") ;; vous pouvez nommer « source-directory » comme vous le souhaitez.\n"
  3622. #. type: Plain text
  3623. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2295
  3624. msgid "Finally, inside the @code{file-systems} definition, we must add the mount itself."
  3625. msgstr "Enfin, dans la définition @code{file-systems}, on doit ajouter le montage lui-même."
  3626. #. type: lisp
  3627. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2298
  3628. #, no-wrap
  3629. msgid ""
  3630. "(file-systems (cons*\n"
  3631. "\n"
  3632. msgstr ""
  3633. "(file-systems (cons*\n"
  3634. "\n"
  3635. #. type: lisp
  3636. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2300
  3637. #, no-wrap
  3638. msgid ""
  3639. " ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
  3640. "\n"
  3641. msgstr ""
  3642. " ...<d'autres montages omis pour rester concis>...\n"
  3643. "\n"
  3644. #. type: lisp
  3645. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2302
  3646. #, no-wrap
  3647. msgid ""
  3648. " source-drive ;; Must match the name you gave the source drive in the earlier definition.\n"
  3649. "\n"
  3650. msgstr ""
  3651. " source-drive ;; Doit correspondre au nom que vous avez donné au disque source dans la définition précédente.\n"
  3652. "\n"
  3653. #. type: lisp
  3654. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2310
  3655. #, no-wrap
  3656. msgid ""
  3657. " (file-system\n"
  3658. " (device (%source-directory)) ;; Make sure \"source-directory\" matches your earlier definition.\n"
  3659. " (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
  3660. " (type \"none\") ;; We are mounting a folder, not a partition, so this type needs to be \"none\"\n"
  3661. " (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
  3662. " (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Ensure \"source-drive\" matches what you've named the variable for the drive.\n"
  3663. " )\n"
  3664. "\n"
  3665. msgstr ""
  3666. " (file-system\n"
  3667. " (device (%source-directory)) ;; Assurez-vous que « source-directory » corresponde à la définition précédente.\n"
  3668. " (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
  3669. " (type \"none\") ;; On monte un dossier, pas une partition, donc le montage est de type « none »\n"
  3670. " (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
  3671. " (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Assurez-vous que « source-drive » corresponde au nom de la variable pour le disque.\n"
  3672. " )\n"
  3673. "\n"
  3674. #. type: lisp
  3675. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2312
  3676. #, no-wrap
  3677. msgid ""
  3678. " ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
  3679. "\n"
  3680. msgstr ""
  3681. " ...<d'autres montages omis pour rester concis>...\n"
  3682. "\n"
  3683. #. type: lisp
  3684. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2314
  3685. #, no-wrap
  3686. msgid " ))\n"
  3687. msgstr " ))\n"
  3688. #. type: Plain text
  3689. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2321
  3690. msgid "Guix daemon can use a HTTP proxy to get substitutes, here we are configuring it to get them via Tor."
  3691. msgstr "Le démon Guix peut utiliser un mandataire HTTP pour récupérer des substituts. Nous le configurons ici pour les récupérer par Tor."
  3692. #. type: quotation
  3693. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2322
  3694. #, no-wrap
  3695. msgid "Warning"
  3696. msgstr "Attention"
  3697. #. type: quotation
  3698. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2328
  3699. msgid "@emph{Not all} Guix daemon's traffic will go through Tor! Only HTTP/HTTPS will get proxied; FTP, Git protocol, SSH, etc connections will still go through the clearnet. Again, this configuration isn't foolproof some of your traffic won't get routed by Tor at all. Use it at your own risk."
  3700. msgstr "@emph{Tout} le trafic du démon de passera @emph{pas} par Tor ! Seuls HTTP/HTTPS passer par le mandataire ; les connexions FTP, avec le protocol Git, SSH, etc, passeront toujours par le réseau en clair. De nouveau, cette configuration n'est pas parfaite et une partie de votre trafic ne sera pas routé par Tor du tout. Utilisez-la à vos risques et périls."
  3701. #. type: quotation
  3702. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2334
  3703. msgid "Also note that the procedure described here applies only to package substitution. When you update your guix distribution with @command{guix pull}, you still need to use @command{torsocks} if you want to route the connection to guix's git repository servers through Tor."
  3704. msgstr "Remarquez aussi que la procédure décrite ici ne s'applique qu'à la substitution de paquets. Lorsque vous mettez à jour la distribution avec @command{guix pull}, vous aurez encore besoin de @command{torsocks} si vous voulez router la connexion vers les serveurs de dépôts git à travers Tor."
  3705. #. type: Plain text
  3706. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2339
  3707. msgid "Guix's substitute server is available as a Onion service, if you want to use it to get your substitutes through Tor configure your system as follow:"
  3708. msgstr "Le serveur de substitut de Guix est disponible sur un service Onion. Si vous voulez l'utiliser pour récupérer des substituts par Tor, configurez votre système de cette manière :"
  3709. #. type: lisp
  3710. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2343
  3711. #, no-wrap
  3712. msgid ""
  3713. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3714. "(use-service-module base networking)\n"
  3715. "\n"
  3716. msgstr ""
  3717. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3718. "(use-service-module base networking)\n"
  3719. "\n"
  3720. #. type: lisp
  3721. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2359
  3722. #, no-wrap
  3723. msgid ""
  3724. "(operating-system\n"
  3725. " …\n"
  3726. " (services\n"
  3727. " (cons\n"
  3728. " (service tor-service-type\n"
  3729. " (tor-configuration\n"
  3730. " (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
  3731. " \"HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
  3732. " (modify-services %base-services\n"
  3733. " (guix-service-type\n"
  3734. " config => (guix-configuration\n"
  3735. " (inherit config)\n"
  3736. " ;; ci.guix.gnu.org's Onion service\n"
  3737. " (substitute-urls \"https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion\")\n"
  3738. " (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"
  3739. msgstr ""
  3740. "(operating-system\n"
  3741. " …\n"
  3742. " (services\n"
  3743. " (cons\n"
  3744. " (service tor-service-type\n"
  3745. " (tor-configuration\n"
  3746. " (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
  3747. " \"HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
  3748. " (modify-services %base-services\n"
  3749. " (guix-service-type\n"
  3750. " config => (guix-configuration\n"
  3751. " (inherit config)\n"
  3752. " ;; service Onion de ci.guix.gnu.org\n"
  3753. " (substitute-urls \"https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion\")\n"
  3754. " (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"
  3755. #. type: Plain text
  3756. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2368
  3757. msgid "This will keep a tor process running that provides a HTTP CONNECT tunnel which will be used by @command{guix-daemon}. The daemon can use other protocols than HTTP(S) to get remote resources, request using those protocols won't go through Tor since we are only setting a HTTP tunnel here. Note that @code{substitutes-urls} is using HTTPS and not HTTP or it won't work, that's a limitation of Tor's tunnel; you may want to use @command{privoxy} instead to avoid such limitations."
  3758. msgstr "Cela fera tourner le processus tor et fournira un tunnel HTTP CONNECT qui sera utilisé par @command{guix-daemon}. Le démon peut utiliser d'autres protocoles que HTTP(S) pour récupérer des ressources distantes. Les requêtes utilisant ces protocoles ne passeront pas par Tor puisqu'il s'agit d'un tunnel HTTP uniquement. Remarquez que @code{substitutes-urls} doit utiliser HTTPS et non HTTP, sinon ça ne fonctionne pas. C'est une limite du tunnel de Tor ; vous voudrez peut-être utiliser @command{privoxy} à la place pour éviter ces limites."
  3759. #. type: Plain text
  3760. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2372
  3761. msgid "If you don't want to always get substitutes through Tor but using it just some of the times, then skip the @code{guix-configuration}. When you want to get a substitute from the Tor tunnel run:"
  3762. msgstr "Si vous ne voulez pas toute le temps récupérer des substituts à travers Tor mais l'utiliser seulement de temps en temps, alors ne modifiez pas l'objet @code{guix-configuration}. Lorsque vous voulez récupérer un substitut par le tunnel Tor, lancez :"
  3763. #. type: example
  3764. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2376
  3765. #, no-wrap
  3766. msgid ""
  3767. "sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
  3768. "guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion …\n"
  3769. msgstr ""
  3770. "sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
  3771. "guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion …\n"
  3772. #. type: cindex
  3773. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2380
  3774. #, no-wrap
  3775. msgid "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"
  3776. msgstr "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"
  3777. #. type: Plain text
  3778. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2383
  3779. msgid "NGINX could be extended with Lua scripts."
  3780. msgstr "Les fonctionnalités de NGINX peuvent être étendues avec des scripts Lua."
  3781. #. type: Plain text
  3782. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2386
  3783. msgid "Guix provides NGINX service with ability to load Lua module and specific Lua packages, and reply to requests by evaluating Lua scripts."
  3784. msgstr "Guix fournit un service NGINX qui est capable de charger des modules et des paquets Lua spécifiques, et de répondre aux requêtes en évaluant des scripts Lua."
  3785. #. type: Plain text
  3786. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2390
  3787. msgid "The following example demonstrates system definition with configuration to evaluate @file{index.lua} Lua script on HTTP request to @uref{http://localhost/hello} endpoint:"
  3788. msgstr "L'exemple suivant montre une définition de système avec une configuration qui évalue le script Lua @file{index.lua} lors d'une requête HTTP à @uref{http://localhost/hello} :"
  3789. #. type: example
  3790. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2393
  3791. #, no-wrap
  3792. msgid ""
  3793. "local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
  3794. "\n"
  3795. msgstr ""
  3796. "local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
  3797. "\n"
  3798. #. type: example
  3799. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2397
  3800. #, no-wrap
  3801. msgid ""
  3802. "local stdin = \"\"\n"
  3803. "local timeout = 1000 -- ms\n"
  3804. "local max_size = 4096 -- byte\n"
  3805. "\n"
  3806. msgstr ""
  3807. "local stdin = \"\"\n"
  3808. "local timeout = 1000 -- ms\n"
  3809. "local max_size = 4096 -- byte\n"
  3810. "\n"
  3811. #. type: example
  3812. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2400
  3813. #, no-wrap
  3814. msgid ""
  3815. "local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
  3816. " shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size)\n"
  3817. "\n"
  3818. msgstr ""
  3819. "local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
  3820. " shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size)\n"
  3821. "\n"
  3822. #. type: example
  3823. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2402
  3824. #, no-wrap
  3825. msgid "ngx.say(stdout)\n"
  3826. msgstr "ngx.say(stdout)\n"
  3827. #. type: lisp
  3828. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2433
  3829. #, no-wrap
  3830. msgid ""
  3831. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3832. "(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
  3833. "(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
  3834. "(operating-system\n"
  3835. " ;; …\n"
  3836. " (services\n"
  3837. " ;; …\n"
  3838. " (service nginx-service-type\n"
  3839. " (nginx-configuration\n"
  3840. " (modules\n"
  3841. " (list\n"
  3842. " (file-append nginx-lua-module \"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
  3843. " (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
  3844. " lua-resty-lrucache\n"
  3845. " lua-resty-signal\n"
  3846. " lua-tablepool\n"
  3847. " lua-resty-shell))\n"
  3848. " (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
  3849. " (server-blocks\n"
  3850. " (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
  3851. " (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
  3852. " (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
  3853. " (root \"/etc\")\n"
  3854. " (locations (list\n"
  3855. " (nginx-location-configuration\n"
  3856. " (uri \"/hello\")\n"
  3857. " (body (list #~(format #f \"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
  3858. " #$(local-file \"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"
  3859. msgstr ""
  3860. "(use-modules (gnu))\n"
  3861. "(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
  3862. "(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
  3863. "(operating-system\n"
  3864. " ;; …\n"
  3865. " (services\n"
  3866. " ;; …\n"
  3867. " (service nginx-service-type\n"
  3868. " (nginx-configuration\n"
  3869. " (modules\n"
  3870. " (list\n"
  3871. " (file-append nginx-lua-module \"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
  3872. " (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
  3873. " lua-resty-lrucache\n"
  3874. " lua-resty-signal\n"
  3875. " lua-tablepool\n"
  3876. " lua-resty-shell))\n"
  3877. " (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
  3878. " (server-blocks\n"
  3879. " (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
  3880. " (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
  3881. " (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
  3882. " (root \"/etc\")\n"
  3883. " (locations (list\n"
  3884. " (nginx-location-configuration\n"
  3885. " (uri \"/hello\")\n"
  3886. " (body (list #~(format #f \"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
  3887. " #$(local-file \"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"
  3888. #. type: Plain text
  3889. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2444
  3890. msgid "Guix is a functional package manager that offers many features beyond what more traditional package managers can do. To the uninitiated, those features might not have obvious use cases at first. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced package management concepts."
  3891. msgstr "Guix est un gestionnaire de paquets fonctionnel qui propose de nombreuses fonctionnalités en plus de ce que les gestionnaires de paquets traditionnels peuvent faire. Pour quelqu'un qui n'est pas initié, ces fonctionnalités peuvent ne pas paraître utiles au premier coup d'œil. Le but de ce chapitre est de vous montrer certains concepts avancés en gestion de paquets."
  3892. #. type: Plain text
  3893. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2447
  3894. msgid "@pxref{Package Management,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
  3895. msgstr "@pxref{Gestion des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour une référence complète."
  3896. #. type: section
  3897. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2450 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2452
  3898. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2453
  3899. #, no-wrap
  3900. msgid "Guix Profiles in Practice"
  3901. msgstr "Les profils Guix en pratique"
  3902. #. type: menuentry
  3903. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2450
  3904. msgid "Strategies for multiple profiles and manifests."
  3905. msgstr "Stratégies pour gérer plusieurs profils et manifestes."
  3906. #. type: Plain text
  3907. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2458
  3908. msgid "Guix provides a very useful feature that may be quite foreign to newcomers: @emph{profiles}. They are a way to group package installations together and all users on the same system are free to use as many profiles as they want."
  3909. msgstr "Guix fournit une fonctionnalité utile que peut être plutôt étrange pour les débutants et débutantes : les @emph{profils}. C'est une manière de regrouper l'installation de paquets ensemble et chaque utilisateur ou utilisatrice du même système peuvent avoir autant de profils que souhaité."
  3910. #. type: Plain text
  3911. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2463
  3912. msgid "Whether you're a developer or not, you may find that multiple profiles bring you great power and flexibility. While they shift the paradigm somewhat compared to @emph{traditional package managers}, they are very convenient to use once you've understood how to set them up."
  3913. msgstr "Que vous programmiez ou non, vous trouverez sans doute plus de flexibilité et de possibilité avec plusieurs profils. Bien qu'ils changent un peu du paradigme des @emph{gestionnaires de paquets traditionnels}, ils sont pratiques à utiliser une fois que vous avec saisi comment les configurer."
  3914. #. type: Plain text
  3915. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2469
  3916. msgid "If you are familiar with Python's @samp{virtualenv}, you can think of a profile as a kind of universal @samp{virtualenv} that can hold any kind of software whatsoever, not just Python software. Furthermore, profiles are self-sufficient: they capture all the runtime dependencies which guarantees that all programs within a profile will always work at any point in time."
  3917. msgstr "Si vous connaissez @samp{virtualenv} de Python, vous pouvez conceptualiser un profil comme une sorte de @samp{virtualenv} universel qui peut contenir n'importe quel sorte de logiciel, pas seulement du code Python. En plus, les profils sont auto-suffisants : ils capturent toutes les dépendances à l'exécution qui garantissent que tous les programmes d'un profil fonctionneront toujours à tout instant."
  3918. #. type: Plain text
  3919. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2471
  3920. msgid "Multiple profiles have many benefits:"
  3921. msgstr "Avoir plusieurs profils présente de nombreux intérêts :"
  3922. #. type: itemize
  3923. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2475
  3924. msgid "Clean semantic separation of the various packages a user needs for different contexts."
  3925. msgstr "Une séparation sémantique claire des divers paquets dont vous avez besoin pour différents contextes."
  3926. #. type: itemize
  3927. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2479
  3928. msgid "Multiple profiles can be made available into the environment either on login or within a dedicated shell."
  3929. msgstr "On peut rendre plusieurs profils disponibles dans l'environnement soit à la connexion, soit dans un shell dédié."
  3930. #. type: itemize
  3931. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2483
  3932. msgid "Profiles can be loaded on demand. For instance, the user can use multiple shells, each of them running different profiles."
  3933. msgstr "Les profils peuvent être chargés à la demande. Par exemple, vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs shells, chacun dans un profil différent."
  3934. #. type: itemize
  3935. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2488
  3936. msgid "Isolation: Programs from one profile will not use programs from the other, and the user can even install different versions of the same programs to the two profiles without conflict."
  3937. msgstr "L'isolation : les programmes d'un profil n'utiliseront pas ceux d'un autre, et vous pouvez même installe plusieurs versions d'un même programme dans deux profils différents, sans conflit."
  3938. #. type: itemize
  3939. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2492
  3940. msgid "Deduplication: Profiles share dependencies that happens to be the exact same. This makes multiple profiles storage-efficient."
  3941. msgstr "Déduplication : les profils partagent les dépendances qui sont exactement les mêmes. Avoir plusieurs profils ne gâche donc pas d'espace."
  3942. #. type: itemize
  3943. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2500
  3944. msgid "Reproducible: when used with declarative manifests, a profile can be fully specified by the Guix commit that was active when it was set up. This means that the exact same profile can be @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, set up anywhere and anytime}, with just the commit information. See the section on @ref{Reproducible profiles}."
  3945. msgstr "Reproductible : lorsque vous utilisez des manifestes déclaratifs, un profil peut être entièrement spécifié par le commit Guix qui a été utilisé pour le créer. Cela signifie que vous pouvez @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, recréer n'importe où et à n'importe quel moment} exactement le même profil, avec juste l'information du numéro de commit. Voir la section sur les @ref{Reproducible profiles}."
  3946. #. type: itemize
  3947. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2504
  3948. msgid "Easier upgrades and maintenance: Multiple profiles make it easy to keep package listings at hand and make upgrades completely frictionless."
  3949. msgstr "Des mises à jours et une maintenance plus faciles : avoir plusieurs profils facilite la gestion des listes de paquets à la main."
  3950. #. type: Plain text
  3951. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2507
  3952. msgid "Concretely, here follows some typical profiles:"
  3953. msgstr "Concrètement voici des profils courants :"
  3954. #. type: itemize
  3955. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2511
  3956. msgid "The dependencies of a project you are working on."
  3957. msgstr "Les dépendances d'un projet sur lequel vous travaillez."
  3958. #. type: itemize
  3959. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2514
  3960. msgid "Your favourite programming language libraries."
  3961. msgstr "Des bibliothèques de votre langage de programmation favori."
  3962. #. type: itemize
  3963. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2517
  3964. msgid "Laptop-specific programs (like @samp{powertop}) that you don't need on a desktop."
  3965. msgstr "Des programmes spécifiques pour les ordinateurs portables (comme @samp{powertop}) dont vous n'avez pas besoin sur un ordinateur de bureau."
  3966. #. type: itemize
  3967. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2521
  3968. msgid "@TeX{}live (this one can be really useful when you need to install just one package for this one document you've just received over email)."
  3969. msgstr "@TeX{}live (il peut être bien pratique si vous avez besoin d'installer un seul paquet pour un document que vous avez reçu par courriel)."
  3970. #. type: itemize
  3971. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2524
  3972. msgid "Games."
  3973. msgstr "Jeux."
  3974. #. type: Plain text
  3975. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2527
  3976. msgid "Let's dive in the set up!"
  3977. msgstr "Voyons cela de plus près !"
  3978. #. type: subsection
  3979. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2528 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2529
  3980. #, no-wrap
  3981. msgid "Basic setup with manifests"
  3982. msgstr "Utilisation de base avec des manifestes"
  3983. #. type: Plain text
  3984. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2533
  3985. msgid "A Guix profile can be set up @emph{via} a so-called @emph{manifest specification} that looks like this:"
  3986. msgstr "On peut créer un profil Guix avec une @emph{spécification de manifeste} qui ressemble à ceci :"
  3987. #. type: lisp
  3988. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2543
  3989. #, no-wrap
  3990. msgid ""
  3991. "(specifications->manifest\n"
  3992. " '(\"package-1\"\n"
  3993. " ;; Version 1.3 of package-2.\n"
  3994. " \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
  3995. " ;; The \"lib\" output of package-3.\n"
  3996. " \"package-3:lib\"\n"
  3997. " ; ...\n"
  3998. " \"package-N\"))\n"
  3999. msgstr ""
  4000. "(specifications->manifest\n"
  4001. " '(\"package-1\"\n"
  4002. " ;; Version 1.3 de package-2.\n"
  4003. " \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
  4004. " ;; La sortie « lib » de package-3.\n"
  4005. " \"package-3:lib\"\n"
  4006. " ; ...\n"
  4007. " \"package-N\"))\n"
  4008. #. type: Plain text
  4009. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2547
  4010. msgid "@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for the syntax details."
  4011. msgstr "@pxref{Invoquer guix package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour les détails sur la syntaxe."
  4012. #. type: Plain text
  4013. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2549
  4014. msgid "We can create a manifest specification per profile and install them this way:"
  4015. msgstr "On peut créer une spécification de manifeste par profil et les installer de cette manière :"
  4016. #. type: example
  4017. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2554
  4018. #, no-wrap
  4019. msgid ""
  4020. "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
  4021. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # if it does not exist yet\n"
  4022. "guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  4023. msgstr ""
  4024. "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
  4025. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # s'il n'existe pas encore\n"
  4026. "guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  4027. #. type: Plain text
  4028. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2558
  4029. msgid "Here we set an arbitrary variable @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} to point to the directory where we will store our profiles in the rest of this article."
  4030. msgstr "On spécifie ici une variable arbitraire @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} pour pointer vers le répertoire où seront stockés nos profils dans le reste de cet article."
  4031. #. type: Plain text
  4032. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2564
  4033. msgid "Placing all your profiles in a single directory, with each profile getting its own sub-directory, is somewhat cleaner. This way, each sub-directory will contain all the symlinks for precisely one profile. Besides, ``looping over profiles'' becomes obvious from any programming language (e.g.@: a shell script) by simply looping over the sub-directories of @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}."
  4034. msgstr "C'est un peu plus propre de placer tous vos profils dans un répertoire unique, où chaque profil a son propre sous-répertoire. De cette manière, chaque sous-répertoire contiendra tous les liens symboliques pour exactement un profil. En plus, il devient facile d'énumérer les profils depuis n'importe quel langage de programmation (p.@: ex.@: un script shell) en énumérant simplement les sous-répertoires de @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}."
  4035. #. type: Plain text
  4036. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2566
  4037. msgid "Note that it's also possible to loop over the output of"
  4038. msgstr "Remarquez qu'il est aussi possible d'utiliser la sortie de"
  4039. #. type: example
  4040. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2569
  4041. #, no-wrap
  4042. msgid "guix package --list-profiles\n"
  4043. msgstr "guix package --list-profiles\n"
  4044. #. type: Plain text
  4045. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2572
  4046. msgid "although you'll probably have to filter out @file{~/.config/guix/current}."
  4047. msgstr "même si vous devrez sans doute enlever @file{~/.config/guix/current}."
  4048. #. type: Plain text
  4049. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2574
  4050. msgid "To enable all profiles on login, add this to your @file{~/.bash_profile} (or similar):"
  4051. msgstr "Pour activer tous les profils à la connexion, ajoutez cela à votre @file{~/.bash_profile} (ou similaire) :"
  4052. #. type: example
  4053. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2584
  4054. #, no-wrap
  4055. msgid ""
  4056. "for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
  4057. " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
  4058. " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
  4059. " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
  4060. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  4061. " fi\n"
  4062. " unset profile\n"
  4063. "done\n"
  4064. msgstr ""
  4065. "for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
  4066. " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
  4067. " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
  4068. " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
  4069. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  4070. " fi\n"
  4071. " unset profile\n"
  4072. "done\n"
  4073. #. type: Plain text
  4074. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2589
  4075. msgid "Note to Guix System users: the above reflects how your default profile @file{~/.guix-profile} is activated from @file{/etc/profile}, that latter being loaded by @file{~/.bashrc} by default."
  4076. msgstr "Remarque pour les utilisateurs du système Guix : ce qui précède ressemble à la manière dont votre profil par défaut @file{~/.guix-profile} est activé dans @file{/etc/profile}, ce dernier étant chargé par défaut par @file{~/.bashrc}."
  4077. #. type: Plain text
  4078. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2591
  4079. msgid "You can obviously choose to only enable a subset of them:"
  4080. msgstr "Vous pouvez évidemment choisir de n'en activer qu'une partie :"
  4081. #. type: example
  4082. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2601
  4083. #, no-wrap
  4084. msgid ""
  4085. "for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1 \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
  4086. " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
  4087. " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
  4088. " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
  4089. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  4090. " fi\n"
  4091. " unset profile\n"
  4092. "done\n"
  4093. msgstr ""
  4094. "for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1 \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
  4095. " profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
  4096. " if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
  4097. " GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
  4098. " . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  4099. " fi\n"
  4100. " unset profile\n"
  4101. "done\n"
  4102. #. type: Plain text
  4103. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2605
  4104. msgid "When a profile is off, it's straightforward to enable it for an individual shell without \"polluting\" the rest of the user session:"
  4105. msgstr "Lorsqu'un profil est désactivé, il est facile de l'activer pour un shell individuel sans « polluer » le reste de la session :"
  4106. #. type: example
  4107. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2608
  4108. #, no-wrap
  4109. msgid "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  4110. msgstr "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
  4111. #. type: Plain text
  4112. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2615
  4113. msgid "The key to enabling a profile is to @emph{source} its @samp{etc/profile} file. This file contains shell code that exports the right environment variables necessary to activate the software contained in the profile. It is built automatically by Guix and meant to be sourced. It contains the same variables you would get if you ran:"
  4114. msgstr "Le secret pour activer un profil est de @emph{sourcer} son fichier @samp{etc/profile}. Ce fichier contient du code shell qui exporte les bonnes variables d'environnement nécessaires à activer les logiciels présents dans le profil. Il est créé automatiquement par Guix et doit être sourcé. Il contient les mêmes variables que ce que vous obtiendrez en lançant :"
  4115. #. type: example
  4116. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2618
  4117. #, no-wrap
  4118. msgid "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"
  4119. msgstr "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"
  4120. #. type: Plain text
  4121. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2622
  4122. msgid "Once again, see (@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) for the command line options."
  4123. msgstr "Encore une fois, @xref{Invoquer guix package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour les options de la ligne de commande."
  4124. #. type: Plain text
  4125. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2624
  4126. msgid "To upgrade a profile, simply install the manifest again:"
  4127. msgstr "Pour mettre à jour un profil, installez de nouveau le manifeste :"
  4128. #. type: example
  4129. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2627
  4130. #, no-wrap
  4131. msgid "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  4132. msgstr "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  4133. #. type: Plain text
  4134. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2633
  4135. msgid "To upgrade all profiles, it's easy enough to loop over them. For instance, assuming your manifest specifications are stored in @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, with @samp{$profile} being the name of the profile (e.g.@: \"project1\"), you could do the following in Bourne shell:"
  4136. msgstr "Pour mettre à jour tous les profils, vous pouvez simplement les énumérer. Par exemple, en supposant que vous spécifications sont dans @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, où @samp{$profile} est le nom du profil (p.@: ex@: « projet1 »), vous pouvez utiliser ce qui suit dans le shell :"
  4137. #. type: example
  4138. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2638
  4139. #, no-wrap
  4140. msgid ""
  4141. "for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
  4142. " guix package --profile=\"$profile\" --manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
  4143. "done\n"
  4144. msgstr ""
  4145. "for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
  4146. " guix package --profile=\"$profile\" --manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
  4147. "done\n"
  4148. #. type: Plain text
  4149. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2641
  4150. msgid "Each profile has its own generations:"
  4151. msgstr "Chaque profil a ses propres générations :"
  4152. #. type: example
  4153. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2644
  4154. #, no-wrap
  4155. msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --list-generations\n"
  4156. msgstr "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --list-generations\n"
  4157. #. type: Plain text
  4158. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2647
  4159. msgid "You can roll-back to any generation of a given profile:"
  4160. msgstr "Vous pouvez revenir à n'importe quelle génération d'un profil donné :"
  4161. #. type: example
  4162. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2650
  4163. #, no-wrap
  4164. msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17\n"
  4165. msgstr "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17\n"
  4166. #. type: Plain text
  4167. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2654
  4168. msgid "Finally, if you want to switch to a profile without inheriting from the current environment, you can activate it from an empty shell:"
  4169. msgstr "Enfin, si vous voulez passer à un profil sans hériter l'environnement actuel, vous pouvez l'activer dans un shell vide :"
  4170. #. type: example
  4171. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2658
  4172. #, no-wrap
  4173. msgid ""
  4174. "env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
  4175. ". my-project/etc/profile\n"
  4176. msgstr ""
  4177. "env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
  4178. ". my-project/etc/profile\n"
  4179. #. type: subsection
  4180. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2660 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2661
  4181. #, no-wrap
  4182. msgid "Required packages"
  4183. msgstr "Paquets requis"
  4184. #. type: Plain text
  4185. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2666
  4186. msgid "Activating a profile essentially boils down to exporting a bunch of environmental variables. This is the role of the @samp{etc/profile} within the profile."
  4187. msgstr "Activer un profil consiste en substance à exporter un ensemble de variables d'environnement. C'est le rôle de @samp{etc/profile} dans le profil."
  4188. #. type: emph{#1}
  4189. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2669
  4190. msgid "Note: Only the environmental variables of the packages that consume them will be set."
  4191. msgstr "Remarque : seules les variables d'environnement des paquets qui les utilisent seront modifiées."
  4192. #. type: Plain text
  4193. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2673
  4194. msgid "For instance, @samp{MANPATH} won't be set if there is no consumer application for man pages within the profile. So if you need to transparently access man pages once the profile is loaded, you've got two options:"
  4195. msgstr "Par exemple, @samp{MANPATH} ne sera pas modifié s'il n'y a pas d'application qui utilise les pages de manuel dans le profil. Donc si vous voulez pouvoir accéder aux pages de manuel facilement une fois le profil chargé, vous avez deux possibilités :"
  4196. #. type: itemize
  4197. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2677
  4198. msgid "Either export the variable manually, e.g."
  4199. msgstr "Exporter la variable manuellement, p.@: ex@:"
  4200. #. type: example
  4201. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2679
  4202. #, no-wrap
  4203. msgid "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"
  4204. msgstr "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"
  4205. #. type: itemize
  4206. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2683
  4207. msgid "Or include @samp{man-db} to the profile manifest."
  4208. msgstr "Inclure @samp{man-db} dans le manifeste du profil."
  4209. #. type: Plain text
  4210. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2687
  4211. msgid "The same is true for @samp{INFOPATH} (you can install @samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (install @samp{pkg-config}), etc."
  4212. msgstr "Il en va de même pour @samp{INFOPATH} (vous pouvez installer @samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (installer @samp{pkg-config}), etc."
  4213. #. type: subsection
  4214. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2688 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2689
  4215. #, no-wrap
  4216. msgid "Default profile"
  4217. msgstr "Profil par défaut"
  4218. #. type: Plain text
  4219. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2692
  4220. msgid "What about the default profile that Guix keeps in @file{~/.guix-profile}?"
  4221. msgstr "Que faire du profil par défaut que Guix garder dans @file{~/.guix-profile} ?"
  4222. #. type: Plain text
  4223. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2695
  4224. msgid "You can assign it the role you want. Typically you would install the manifest of the packages you want to use all the time."
  4225. msgstr "Vous pouvez lui assigner le rôle que vous souhaitez. Habituellement, vous y installerez un manifeste des paquets que vous voulez pouvoir utiliser dans toutes les situations."
  4226. #. type: Plain text
  4227. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2699
  4228. msgid "Alternatively, you could keep it ``manifest-less'' for throw-away packages that you would just use for a couple of days. This way makes it convenient to run"
  4229. msgstr "Autrement, vous pouvez en faire un profil sans manifeste pour des paquets sans importance que vous voulez juste garder quelques jours. C'est une manière de pouvoir facilement lancer"
  4230. #. type: example
  4231. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2703
  4232. #, no-wrap
  4233. msgid ""
  4234. "guix install package-foo\n"
  4235. "guix upgrade package-bar\n"
  4236. msgstr ""
  4237. "guix install package-foo\n"
  4238. "guix upgrade package-bar\n"
  4239. #. type: Plain text
  4240. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2706
  4241. msgid "without having to specify the path to a profile."
  4242. msgstr "sans avoir à spécifier un profil."
  4243. #. type: subsection
  4244. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2707 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2708
  4245. #, no-wrap
  4246. msgid "The benefits of manifests"
  4247. msgstr "Les avantages des manifestes"
  4248. #. type: Plain text
  4249. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2712
  4250. msgid "Manifests are a convenient way to keep your package lists around and, say, to synchronize them across multiple machines using a version control system."
  4251. msgstr "Les manifestes sont pratiques pour garder la liste des paquets et, par exemple, les synchroniser entre plusieurs machines avec un système de gestion de versions."
  4252. #. type: Plain text
  4253. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2716
  4254. msgid "A common complaint about manifests is that they can be slow to install when they contain large number of packages. This is especially cumbersome when you just want get an upgrade for one package within a big manifest."
  4255. msgstr "Les gens se plaignent souvent que les manifestes sont lents à installer quand ils contiennent beaucoup de paquets. C'est particulièrement embêtant quand vous voulez juste mettre à jour un paquet dans un gros manifeste."
  4256. #. type: Plain text
  4257. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2721
  4258. msgid "This is one more reason to use multiple profiles, which happen to be just perfect to break down manifests into multiple sets of semantically connected packages. Using multiple, small profiles provides more flexibility and usability."
  4259. msgstr "C'est une raison de plus d'utiliser plusieurs profils, qui sont bien pratiques pour diviser les manifestes en plusieurs ensembles de paquets de même type. Plusieurs petits profils sont plus flexibles et plus maniables."
  4260. #. type: Plain text
  4261. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2723
  4262. msgid "Manifests come with multiple benefits. In particular, they ease maintenance:"
  4263. msgstr "Les manifestes ont de nombreux avantages. En particulier, ils facilitent la maintenance :"
  4264. #. type: itemize
  4265. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2731
  4266. msgid "When a profile is set up from a manifest, the manifest itself is self-sufficient to keep a ``package listing'' around and reinstall the profile later or on a different system. For ad-hoc profiles, we would need to generate a manifest specification manually and maintain the package versions for the packages that don't use the default version."
  4267. msgstr "Lorsqu'un profil est créé à partir d'un manifeste, le manifeste lui-même est suffisant pour garder la liste des paquets sous le coude et réinstaller le profil plus tard sur un autre système. Pour les profils ad-hoc, il faudrait générer une spécification de manifeste à la main et noter les versions de paquets pour les paquets qui n'utilisent pas la version par défaut."
  4268. #. type: itemize
  4269. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2736
  4270. msgid "@code{guix package --upgrade} always tries to update the packages that have propagated inputs, even if there is nothing to do. Guix manifests remove this problem."
  4271. msgstr "@code{guix package --upgrade} essaye toujours de mettre à jour les paquets qui ont des entrées propagées, même s'il n'y à rien à faire. Les manifestes de Guix résolvent ce problème."
  4272. #. type: itemize
  4273. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2742
  4274. msgid "When partially upgrading a profile, conflicts may arise (due to diverging dependencies between the updated and the non-updated packages) and they can be annoying to resolve manually. Manifests remove this problem altogether since all packages are always upgraded at once."
  4275. msgstr "Lorsque vous mettez partiellement à jour un profil, des conflits peuvent survenir (à cause des dépendances différentes entre les paquets à jour et ceux qui ne le sont pas) et ça peut être embêtant à corriger à la main. Les manifestes suppriment ce problème puisque tous les paquets sont toujours mis à jour en même temps."
  4276. #. type: itemize
  4277. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2748
  4278. msgid "As mentioned above, manifests allow for reproducible profiles, while the imperative @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc. do not, since they produce different profiles every time even when they hold the same packages. See @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, the related discussion on the matter}."
  4279. msgstr "Comme on l'a mentionné plus haut, les manifestes permettent d'avoir des profils reproductibles, alors que les commandes impératives @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc, ne le peuvent pas, puisqu'elles produisent un profil différent à chaque fois qu'elles sont lancées, même avec les même paquets. Voir @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, la discussion sur ce problème}."
  4280. #. type: itemize
  4281. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2756
  4282. msgid "Manifest specifications are usable by other @samp{guix} commands. For example, you can run @code{guix weather -m manifest.scm} to see how many substitutes are available, which can help you decide whether you want to try upgrading today or wait a while. Another example: you can run @code{guix pack -m manifest.scm} to create a pack containing all the packages in the manifest (and their transitive references)."
  4283. msgstr "Les spécifications de manifestes sont utilisables par les autres commandes @samp{guix}. Par exemple, vous pouvez lancer @code{guix weather -m manifest} pour voir combien de substituts sont disponibles, ce qui peut vous aider à décider si vous voulez faire la mise à jour maintenant ou un peu plus tard. Un autre exemple : vous pouvez lancer @code{guix package -m manifest.scm} pour créer un lot contenant tous les paquets du manifeste (et leurs références transitives)."
  4284. #. type: itemize
  4285. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2760
  4286. msgid "Finally, manifests have a Scheme representation, the @samp{<manifest>} record type. They can be manipulated in Scheme and passed to the various Guix @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, APIs}."
  4287. msgstr "Enfin, les manifestes ont une représentation Scheme, le type d'enregistrement @samp{<manifest>}. Vous pouvez les manipuler en Scheme et les passer aux diverses @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, API} de Guix."
  4288. #. type: Plain text
  4289. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2768
  4290. msgid "It's important to understand that while manifests can be used to declare profiles, they are not strictly equivalent: profiles have the side effect that they ``pin'' packages in the store, which prevents them from being garbage-collected (@pxref{Invoking guix gc,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) and ensures that they will still be available at any point in the future."
  4291. msgstr "Vous devez bien comprendre que même si vous pouvez utiliser les manifestes pour déclarer des profils, les deux ne sont pas strictement équivalents : les profils pour l'effet de bord « d'épingler » les paquets dans le dépôt, ce qui évite qu'ils ne soient nettoyés (@pxref{Invoquer guix gc,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) et s'assure qu'ils seront toujours disponibles à n'importe quel moment dans le futur."
  4292. #. type: Plain text
  4293. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2770
  4294. msgid "Let's take an example:"
  4295. msgstr "Voyons un exemple :"
  4296. #. type: enumerate
  4297. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2776
  4298. msgid "We have an environment for hacking on a project for which there isn't a Guix package yet. We build the environment using a manifest, and then run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. So far so good."
  4299. msgstr "Vous avez un environnement pour bidouiller un projet pour lequel il n'y a pas encore de paquet Guix. Vous construisez l'environnement avec un manifeste puis lancez @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. Jusqu'ici tout va bien."
  4300. #. type: enumerate
  4301. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2782
  4302. msgid "Many weeks pass and we have run a couple of @code{guix pull} in the mean time. Maybe a dependency from our manifest has been updated; or we may have run @code{guix gc} and some packages needed by our manifest have been garbage-collected."
  4303. msgstr "Plusieurs semaines plus tard vous avez lancé quelques @code{guix pull} entre temps. Plusieurs dépendances du manifeste ont été mises à jour ; ou bien vous avez lancé @code{guix gc} et certains paquets requis par le manifeste ont été nettoyés."
  4304. #. type: enumerate
  4305. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2787
  4306. msgid "Eventually, we set to work on that project again, so we run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. But now we have to wait for Guix to build and install stuff!"
  4307. msgstr "Finalement, vous vous remettez au travail sur ce projet, donc vous lancez @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. Mais maintenant vous devez attendre que Guix construise et installe des paquets !"
  4308. #. type: Plain text
  4309. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2793
  4310. msgid "Ideally, we could spare the rebuild time. And indeed we can, all we need is to install the manifest to a profile and use @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/the/profile; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} as explained above: this guarantees that our hacking environment will be available at all times."
  4311. msgstr "Idéalement, vous voudriez éviter de perdre du temps à reconstruire. C'est en fait possible, tout ce dont on a besoin, c'est d'installer le manifeste dans un profil et d'utiliser @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/le/profil; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} comme on l'a expliqué plus haut : cela garantie que l'environnement de bidouillage sera toujours disponible."
  4312. #. type: Plain text
  4313. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2796
  4314. msgid "@emph{Security warning:} While keeping old profiles around can be convenient, keep in mind that outdated packages may not have received the latest security fixes."
  4315. msgstr "@emph{Avertissement de sécurité :} bien que garder d'anciens profils soit pratique, gardez à l'esprit que les anciens paquets n'ont pas forcément reçu les dernières corrections de sécurité."
  4316. #. type: subsection
  4317. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2797 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2798
  4318. #, no-wrap
  4319. msgid "Reproducible profiles"
  4320. msgstr "Profils reproductibles"
  4321. #. type: Plain text
  4322. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2801
  4323. msgid "To reproduce a profile bit-for-bit, we need two pieces of information:"
  4324. msgstr "Pour reproduire un profil bit-à-bit, on a besoin de deux informations :"
  4325. #. type: itemize
  4326. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2805
  4327. msgid "a manifest,"
  4328. msgstr "un manifeste,"
  4329. #. type: itemize
  4330. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2807
  4331. msgid "a Guix channel specification."
  4332. msgstr "et une spécification de canaux Guix."
  4333. #. type: Plain text
  4334. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2811
  4335. msgid "Indeed, manifests alone might not be enough: different Guix versions (or different channels) can produce different outputs for a given manifest."
  4336. msgstr "En effet, les manifestes seuls ne sont pas forcément suffisants : différentes versions de Guix (ou différents canaux) peuvent produire des sorties différentes avec le même manifeste."
  4337. #. type: Plain text
  4338. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2815
  4339. msgid "You can output the Guix channel specification with @samp{guix describe --format=channels}. Save this to a file, say @samp{channel-specs.scm}."
  4340. msgstr "Vous pouvez afficher la spécification de canaux Guix avec @samp{guix describe --format=channels}. Enregistrez-la dans un fichier, par exemple @samp{channel-specs.scm}."
  4341. #. type: Plain text
  4342. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2818
  4343. msgid "On another computer, you can use the channel specification file and the manifest to reproduce the exact same profile:"
  4344. msgstr "Sur un autre ordinateur, vous pouvez utiliser le fichier de spécification de canaux et le manifeste pour reproduire exactement le même profil :"
  4345. #. type: example
  4346. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2822
  4347. #, no-wrap
  4348. msgid ""
  4349. "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
  4350. "GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
  4351. "\n"
  4352. msgstr ""
  4353. "GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
  4354. "GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
  4355. "\n"
  4356. #. type: example
  4357. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2825
  4358. #, no-wrap
  4359. msgid ""
  4360. "mkdir \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
  4361. "guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile \"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
  4362. "\n"
  4363. msgstr ""
  4364. "mkdir \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
  4365. "guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile \"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
  4366. "\n"
  4367. #. type: example
  4368. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2828
  4369. #, no-wrap
  4370. msgid ""
  4371. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
  4372. "\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  4373. msgstr ""
  4374. "mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
  4375. "\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
  4376. #. type: Plain text
  4377. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2832
  4378. msgid "It's safe to delete the Guix channel profile you've just installed with the channel specification, the project profile does not depend on it."
  4379. msgstr "Vous pouvez supprimer le profil des canaux Guix que vous venez d'installer avec la spécification de canaux, le profil du projet n'en dépend pas."
  4380. #. type: Plain text
  4381. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2839
  4382. msgid "Guix provides multiple tools to manage environment. This chapter demonstrate such utilities."
  4383. msgstr "Guix fournit plusieurs outils pour gérer l'environnement. Ce chapitre vous montre ces outils."
  4384. #. type: section
  4385. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2842 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2844
  4386. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2845
  4387. #, no-wrap
  4388. msgid "Guix environment via direnv"
  4389. msgstr "Environnement Guix avec direnv"
  4390. #. type: menuentry
  4391. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2842
  4392. msgid "Setup Guix environment with direnv"
  4393. msgstr "Créer un environnement Guix avec direnv"
  4394. #. type: Plain text
  4395. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2850
  4396. msgid "Guix provides a @samp{direnv} package, which could extend shell after directory change. This tool could be used to prepare a pure Guix environment."
  4397. msgstr "Guix fournit un paquet @samp{direnv}, qui peut étendre le shell après avoir changé de répertoire de travail. Vous pouvez utiliser cet outil pour préparer un environnement Guix pur."
  4398. #. type: Plain text
  4399. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2856
  4400. msgid "The following example provides a shell function for @file{~/.direnvrc} file, which could be used from Guix Git repository in @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} file to setup a build environment similar to described in @pxref{Building from Git,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}."
  4401. msgstr "L'exemple suivant fournit une fonction shell dans @file{~/.direnvrc}, qui peut être utilisée dans le dépôt Git de Guix dans @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} pour créer un environnement de construction similaire à celui décrit dans @ref{Construire depuis Git,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}."
  4402. #. type: Plain text
  4403. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2858
  4404. msgid "Create a @file{~/.direnvrc} with a Bash code:"
  4405. msgstr "Créez un fichier @file{~/.direnv} avec le code Bash suivant :"
  4406. #. type: example
  4407. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2876
  4408. #, no-wrap
  4409. msgid ""
  4410. "# Thanks <https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
  4411. "export_function()\n"
  4412. "@{\n"
  4413. " local name=$1\n"
  4414. " local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
  4415. " mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
  4416. " PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
  4417. " local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
  4418. " if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
  4419. " echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
  4420. " declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
  4421. " # Notice that we add shell variables to the function trigger.\n"
  4422. " echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
  4423. " chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
  4424. " fi\n"
  4425. "@}\n"
  4426. "\n"
  4427. msgstr ""
  4428. "# Grâce à <https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
  4429. "export_function()\n"
  4430. "@{\n"
  4431. " local name=$1\n"
  4432. " local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
  4433. " mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
  4434. " PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
  4435. " local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
  4436. " if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
  4437. " echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
  4438. " declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
  4439. " # Remarquez qu'on ajoute des variables shells au déclencheur de la fonction.\n"
  4440. " echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
  4441. " chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
  4442. " fi\n"
  4443. "@}\n"
  4444. "\n"
  4445. #. type: example
  4446. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2881
  4447. #, no-wrap
  4448. msgid ""
  4449. "use_guix()\n"
  4450. "@{\n"
  4451. " # Set GitHub token.\n"
  4452. " export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
  4453. "\n"
  4454. msgstr ""
  4455. "use_guix()\n"
  4456. "@{\n"
  4457. " # indique un jeton Github.\n"
  4458. " export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
  4459. "\n"
  4460. #. type: example
  4461. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2884
  4462. #, no-wrap
  4463. msgid ""
  4464. " # Unset 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH'.\n"
  4465. " export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
  4466. "\n"
  4467. msgstr ""
  4468. " # Nettoie « GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH ».\n"
  4469. " export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
  4470. "\n"
  4471. #. type: example
  4472. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2893
  4473. #, no-wrap
  4474. msgid ""
  4475. " # Recreate a garbage collector root.\n"
  4476. " gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
  4477. " mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
  4478. " gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
  4479. " if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
  4480. " then\n"
  4481. " rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
  4482. " fi\n"
  4483. "\n"
  4484. msgstr ""
  4485. " # Recrée une racine du ramasse miettes.\n"
  4486. " gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
  4487. " mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
  4488. " gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
  4489. " if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
  4490. " then\n"
  4491. " rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
  4492. " fi\n"
  4493. "\n"
  4494. #. type: example
  4495. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2908
  4496. #, no-wrap
  4497. msgid ""
  4498. " # Miscellaneous packages.\n"
  4499. " PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
  4500. " direnv\n"
  4501. " git\n"
  4502. " git:send-email\n"
  4503. " git-cal\n"
  4504. " gnupg\n"
  4505. " guile-colorized\n"
  4506. " guile-readline\n"
  4507. " less\n"
  4508. " ncurses\n"
  4509. " openssh\n"
  4510. " xdot\n"
  4511. " )\n"
  4512. "\n"
  4513. msgstr ""
  4514. " # Divers paquets.\n"
  4515. " PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
  4516. " direnv\n"
  4517. " git\n"
  4518. " git:send-email\n"
  4519. " git-cal\n"
  4520. " gnupg\n"
  4521. " guile-colorized\n"
  4522. " guile-readline\n"
  4523. " less\n"
  4524. " ncurses\n"
  4525. " openssh\n"
  4526. " xdot\n"
  4527. " )\n"
  4528. "\n"
  4529. #. type: example
  4530. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2911
  4531. #, no-wrap
  4532. msgid ""
  4533. " # Environment packages.\n"
  4534. " PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
  4535. "\n"
  4536. msgstr ""
  4537. " # Paquets de l'environnement.\n"
  4538. " PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
  4539. "\n"
  4540. #. type: example
  4541. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2914
  4542. #, no-wrap
  4543. msgid ""
  4544. " # Thanks <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
  4545. " eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
  4546. "\n"
  4547. msgstr ""
  4548. " # Grâce à <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
  4549. " eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
  4550. "\n"
  4551. #. type: example
  4552. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2921
  4553. #, no-wrap
  4554. msgid ""
  4555. " # Predefine configure flags.\n"
  4556. " configure()\n"
  4557. " @{\n"
  4558. " ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n"
  4559. " @}\n"
  4560. " export_function configure\n"
  4561. "\n"
  4562. msgstr ""
  4563. " # Défini les drapeaux configure à l'avance.\n"
  4564. " configure()\n"
  4565. " @{\n"
  4566. " ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n"
  4567. " @}\n"
  4568. " export_function configure\n"
  4569. "\n"
  4570. #. type: example
  4571. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2932
  4572. #, no-wrap
  4573. msgid ""
  4574. " # Run make and optionally build something.\n"
  4575. " build()\n"
  4576. " @{\n"
  4577. " make -j 2\n"
  4578. " if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n"
  4579. " then\n"
  4580. " ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n"
  4581. " fi\n"
  4582. " @}\n"
  4583. " export_function build\n"
  4584. "\n"
  4585. msgstr ""
  4586. " # Lance make et construit éventuellement quelque chose.\n"
  4587. " build()\n"
  4588. " @{\n"
  4589. " make -j 2\n"
  4590. " if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n"
  4591. " then\n"
  4592. " ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n"
  4593. " fi\n"
  4594. " @}\n"
  4595. " export_function build\n"
  4596. "\n"
  4597. #. type: example
  4598. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2939
  4599. #, no-wrap
  4600. msgid ""
  4601. " # Predefine push Git command.\n"
  4602. " push()\n"
  4603. " @{\n"
  4604. " git push --set-upstream origin\n"
  4605. " @}\n"
  4606. " export_function push\n"
  4607. "\n"
  4608. msgstr ""
  4609. " # Défini une commande Git pour pousser.\n"
  4610. " push()\n"
  4611. " @{\n"
  4612. " git push --set-upstream origin\n"
  4613. " @}\n"
  4614. " export_function push\n"
  4615. "\n"
  4616. #. type: example
  4617. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2942
  4618. #, no-wrap
  4619. msgid ""
  4620. " clear # Clean up the screen.\n"
  4621. " git-cal --author='Your Name' # Show contributions calendar.\n"
  4622. "\n"
  4623. msgstr ""
  4624. " clear # Nettoie l'écran.\n"
  4625. " git-cal --author='Votre Nom' # Montre le calendrier des contributions.\n"
  4626. "\n"
  4627. #. type: example
  4628. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2950
  4629. #, no-wrap
  4630. msgid ""
  4631. " # Show commands help.\n"
  4632. " echo \"\n"
  4633. "build build a package or just a project if no argument provided\n"
  4634. "configure run ./configure with predefined parameters\n"
  4635. "push push to upstream Git repository\n"
  4636. "\"\n"
  4637. "@}\n"
  4638. msgstr ""
  4639. " # Montre l'aide des commandes.\n"
  4640. " echo \"\n"
  4641. "build construit un paquet ou juste un projet si aucun argument n'est fournit\n"
  4642. "configure lance ./configure avec les paramètres pré-définis\n"
  4643. "push pousse un dépôt Git\n"
  4644. "\"\n"
  4645. "@}\n"
  4646. #. type: Plain text
  4647. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2954
  4648. msgid "Every project containing @file{.envrc} with a string @code{use guix} will have predefined environment variables and procedures."
  4649. msgstr "Tous les projets contenant un @file{.envrc} avec une chaine @code{use guix} aura des variables d'environnement et des procédures prédéfinies."
  4650. #. type: Plain text
  4651. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2956
  4652. msgid "Run @command{direnv allow} to setup the environment for the first time."
  4653. msgstr "Lancez @command{direnv allow} pour mettre en place l'environnement pour la première fois."
  4654. #. type: Plain text
  4655. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2968
  4656. msgid "Guix is based on the @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/, Nix package manager}, which was designed and implemented by Eelco Dolstra, with contributions from other people (see the @file{nix/AUTHORS} file in Guix.) Nix pioneered functional package management, and promoted unprecedented features, such as transactional package upgrades and rollbacks, per-user profiles, and referentially transparent build processes. Without this work, Guix would not exist."
  4657. msgstr "Guix se base sur le @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/ gestionnaire de paquets Nix} conçu et implémenté par Eelco Dolstra, avec des contributions d'autres personnes (voir le fichier @file{nix/AUTHORS} dans Guix). Nix a inventé la gestion de paquet fonctionnelle et promu des fonctionnalités sans précédents comme les mises à jour de paquets transactionnelles et les retours en arrière, les profils par utilisateurs et les processus de constructions transparents pour les références. Sans ce travail, Guix n'existerait pas."
  4658. #. type: Plain text
  4659. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2971
  4660. msgid "The Nix-based software distributions, Nixpkgs and NixOS, have also been an inspiration for Guix."
  4661. msgstr "Les distributions logicielles basées sur Nix, Nixpkgs et NixOS, ont aussi été une inspiration pour Guix."
  4662. #. type: Plain text
  4663. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2977
  4664. msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix itself is a collective work with contributions from a number of people. See the @file{AUTHORS} file in Guix for more information on these fine people. The @file{THANKS} file lists people who have helped by reporting bugs, taking care of the infrastructure, providing artwork and themes, making suggestions, and more---thank you!"
  4665. msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix lui-même est un travail collectif avec des contributions d'un grand nombre de personnes. Voyez le fichier @file{AUTHORS} dans Guix pour plus d'information sur ces personnes de qualité. Le fichier @file{THANKS} liste les personnes qui ont aidé en rapportant des bogues, en prenant soin de l'infrastructure, en fournissant des images et des thèmes, en faisant des suggestions et bien plus. Merci !"
  4666. #. type: Plain text
  4667. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2980
  4668. msgid "This document includes adapted sections from articles that have previously been published on the Guix blog at @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}."
  4669. msgstr "Ce document contient des sections adaptées d'articles précédemment publiés sur le blog de Guix sur @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}."
  4670. #. type: cindex
  4671. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2985
  4672. #, no-wrap
  4673. msgid "license, GNU Free Documentation License"
  4674. msgstr "licence, GNU Free Documentation License"
  4675. #. type: include
  4676. #: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2986
  4677. #, no-wrap
  4678. msgid "fdl-1.3.texi"
  4679. msgstr "fdl-1.3.texi"
  4680. #~ msgid "First, a syntactic comment: See the quasi-quote / comma syntax?"
  4681. #~ msgstr "Tout d'abord, un commentaire sur la syntaxe : vous voyez la quasiquote (la virgule) ?"
  4682. #~ msgid ""
  4683. #~ " (native-inputs\n"
  4684. #~ " `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
  4685. #~ msgstr ""
  4686. #~ " (native-inputs\n"
  4687. #~ " `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
  4688. #~ msgid "is equivalent to"
  4689. #~ msgstr "est équivalent à"
  4690. #~ msgid ""
  4691. #~ " (native-inputs\n"
  4692. #~ " (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
  4693. #~ msgstr ""
  4694. #~ " (native-inputs\n"
  4695. #~ " (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
  4696. #~ msgid "You'll mostly see the former because it's shorter."
  4697. #~ msgstr "Vous verrez surtout la première forme car elle est plus courte."
  4698. #~ msgid "Power the Linode down. In the Linode's Disks/Configurations tab, resize the Debian disk to be smaller. 30 GB is recommended."
  4699. #~ msgstr "Éteignez le serveur Linode. Dans l'onglet Disks/Configurations de Linode, redimensionnez le disque Debian pour être plus petit. Nous vous recommandons de choisir 30 Go."
  4700. #~ msgid "In the Linode settings, \"Add a disk\", with the following:"
  4701. #~ msgstr "Dans les paramètres de Linode, « Add a disk » avec ce qui suit :"
  4702. #~ msgid "On the \"configuration\" field that comes with the default image, press \"...\" and select \"Edit\", then on that menu add to @file{/dev/sdc} the \"Guix\" label."
  4703. #~ msgstr "Dans le champ « configuration » de l'image par défaut, cliquez sur « … » et choisissez « Edit », puis sur le menu ajoutez l'étiquette « Guix » à @file{/dev/sdc}."
  4704. #~ msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel"
  4705. #~ msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé"