#THE MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948 
__________ 

##ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 
___________ 

SECTIONS 
1.  Short title and extent. 
2.  Interpretation. 
3.  Fixing of minimum rates of wages. 
4.  Minimum rate of wages. 
5.  Procedure for fixing and revising minimum wages. 
6.  [Omitted.]. 
7.  Advisory Board. 
8.  Central Advisory Board. 
9.  Composition of committees, etc. 
10.  Correction of errors. 
11.  Wages in kind. 
12.  Payment of minimum rates of wages. 
13.  Fixing hours for a normal working day, etc. 
14.  Overtime. 
15.  Wages of worker who works for less than normal working day. 
16.  Wages for two or more classes of work. 
17.  Minimum time rate wages for piece work. 
18.  Maintenance of registers and records. 
19.  Inspectors. 
20.  Claims. 
21.  Single application in respect of a number of employees. 
22.  Penalties for certain offences. 
22A. General provision for punishment of other offences. 
22B. Cognizance of offences. 
22C. Offences by companies. 
22D. Payment of undisbursed amounts due to employees. 
22E. Protection against attachment of assets of employer with Government. 
22F. Application of Payment of Wages Act, 1936, to scheduled employments. 
23.  Exemption of employer from liability in certain cases. 
24.  Bar of suits. 
25.  Contracting out. 
26.  Exemptions and exceptions. 
27.  Power of State Government to add to Schedule. 
28.  Power of Central Government to give directions 
29.  Power of the Central Government to make rules. 
30.  Power of appropriate Government to make rules. 
30A. Rules made by Central Government to be laid before Parliament. 
31.  Validation of fixation of certain minimum rates of wages. 
  THE SCHEDULE. 



#THE MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948 

##ACT NO. 11 OF 1948

[15th March, 1948.] 

An Act to provide for fixing minimum rates of wages in certain employments. 

  WHEREAS it is expedient to provide for fixing minimum rates of wages in certain employments; 

  It is hereby enacted as follows:— 

1. **Short title and extent.**—(1) This Act may be called the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. 

(2) It extends to the whole of India. 

2. **Interpretation.**—In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,— 

[^3][(a)  “adolescent”  means  a  person  who  has  completed  his  fourteenth  year  of  age  but  has  not 
completed his eighteenth year; 

  (aa) “adult” means a person who has completed his eighteenth year of age;] 

  (b) “appropriate Government” means,— 

     (i) in  relation  to  any  scheduled  employment  carried  on  by  or  under  the  authority  of  the 
Central Government or a railway administration, or in relation to a mine, oilfield or major port, 
or any corporation established by a Central Act, the Central Government, and 

     (ii) in relation to any other scheduled employment, the State Government; 

[^6][(bb) “child” means a person who has not completed his fourteenth year of age;] 

  (c) “competent  authority”  means  the  authority  appointed  by  the  appropriate  Government  by 
notification  in  its  Official  Gazette  to  ascertain  from  time  to  time  the  cost  of  living  index  number 
applicable to the employees employed in the scheduled employments specified in such notification; 

  (d) “cost  of  living  index  number”,  in  relation  to  employees  in  any  scheduled  employment  in 
respect of which minimum rates of wages have been fixed, means the index number ascertained and 
declared  by  the  competent  authority  by  notification  in  the  Official  Gazette  to  be  the  cost  of  living 
index number applicable to employees in such employment; 

  (e) “employer” means any person who employs, whether directly or through another person, or 
whether  on  behalf  of  himself  or  any  other  person,  one  or  more  employees  in  any  scheduled 
employment  in  respect  of  which  minimum  rates  of  wages  have  been  fixed  under  this  Act,  and 
includes, except in sub-section (3) of section 26,— 

     (i) in  a  factory  where  there  is  carried  on  any  scheduled  employment  in  respect  of  which 
minimum rates of wages have been fixed under this Act, any person named under clause (f) of 
sub-section (1) of section 7 of the Factories Act, 1948 (63 of 1948), as manager of the factory; 



[^3]. Subs. by Act 61 of 1986, s. 23, for clause (a). 
[^6]. Ins. by Act 61 of 1986, s. 23. 


 
     (ii) in any scheduled employment under the control of any Government in India in respect of 
which minimum rates of wages have been fixed under this Act, the person or authority appointed 
by such  Government  for  the  supervision  and  control  of  employees  or  where  no  person  or 
authority is so appointed, the head of the department; 

     (iii) in  any  scheduled  employment  under  any  local  authority  in  respect  of  which  minimum 
rates  of  wages  have  been  fixed  under  this  Act,  the  person  appointed  by  such  authority  for  the 
supervision  and  control  of  employees  or  where  no  person  is  so  appointed,  the  chief  executive 
officer of the local authority; 

     (iv) in any other case where there is carried on any scheduled employment in respect of which 
minimum rates of wages have been fixed under this Act, any person responsible to the owner for 
the supervision and control of the employees or for the payment of wages; 

  (f) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act; 

  (g) “scheduled employment” means an employment specified in the Schedule, or any process or 
branch of work forming part of such employment; 

  (h) “wages” means all remuneration, capable of being expressed in terms of money, which would, 
if the terms of the contract of employment, express or implied, were fulfilled, be payable to a person 
employed in respect of his employment or of work done in such employment, and includes house 
rent allowance, but does not include— 

     (i) the value of— 

       (a) any house-accommodation, supply of light, water, medical attendance, or 

       (b) any  other  amenity  or  any  service  excluded  by  general  or  special  order  of  the 
appropriate Government; 

     (ii) any contribution paid by the employer to any Pension Fund or Provident Fund or under 
any scheme of social insurance; 

     (iii) any travelling allowance or the value of any travelling concession; 

     (iv) any sum paid to the person employed to defray special expenses entailed on him by the 
nature of his employment; or 

     (v) any gratuity payable on discharge; 

  (i) “employee”  means  any  person  who  is  employed  for  hire  or  reward  to  do  any  work,  skilled  or 
unskilled,  manual  or  clerical,  in  a  scheduled  employment  in  respect  of  which minimum  rates  of  wages 
have been fixed; and includes an out-worker to whom any articles or materials are given out by another 
person  to  be  made  up,  cleaned,  washed,  altered,  ornamented,  finished,  repaired,  adapted  or  otherwise 
processed for sale for the purposes of the trade or business of that other person where the process is to be 
carried out either in the home of the out-worker or in some other premises not being premises under the 
control and management of that other person; and also includes an employee declared to be an employee 
by the appropriate Government; but does not include any member of the Armed Forces of the Union. 

3. **Fixing of minimum rates of wages.**—(1) The  appropriate  Government  shall,  in  the  manner 
hereinafter provided,— 

  (a) fix the minimum rates of wages payable to employees employed in an employment specified 
in Part I or Part II of the Schedule and in an employment added to either Part by notification under 
section 27: 

  Provided  that  the  appropriate  Government  may,  in  respect  of  employees  employed  in  an 
employment specified in Part II of the Schedule, instead of fixing minimum rates of wages under this 
clause for the whole State, fix such rates for a part of the State or for any specified class or classes of 
such employment in the whole State or part thereof; 

  (b) review  at  such  intervals  as  it  may  think  fit,  such  intervals  not  exceeding  five  years,  the 
minimum rates of wages so fixed and revise the minimum rates, if necessary: 

  Provided that where for any reason the appropriate Government has not reviewed the minimum 
rates of wages fixed by it in respect of any scheduled employment within any interval of five years, 
nothing contained in this clause shall be deemed to prevent it from reviewing the minimum rates after 
the expiry of the said period of five years and revising them, if necessary, and until they are so revised 
the  minimum  rates  in  force  immediately  before  the  expiry  of  the  said  period  of  five  years  shall 
continue in force. 

(1A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the appropriate Government may refrain 
from fixing minimum rates of wages in respect of any scheduled employment in which there are in the 
whole State less than one thousand employees engaged in such employment, but if at any time, the 
appropriate Government comes to a finding after such inquiry as it may make or cause to be made in this 
behalf that the number of employees in any scheduled employment in respect of which it has refrained 
from  fixing  minimum  rates  of  wages  has  risen  to  one  thousand  or  more,  it  shall  fix  minimum  rates  of 
wages payable to employees in such employment as soon as may be after such finding. 

(2) The appropriate Government may fix,— 

  (a) a minimum rate of wages for time work (hereinafter referred to as “a minimum time rate”); 

  (b) a minimum rate of wages for piece work (hereinafter referred to as “a minimum piece rate”); 

  (c) a minimum rate of remuneration to apply in the case of employees employed on piece work 
for  the  purpose  of  securing  to  such  employees  a  minimum  rate  of  wages  on  a  time  work  basis 
(hereinafter referred to as “a guaranteed time rate”); 

  (d) a minimum rate (whether a time rate or a piece rate) to apply in substitution for the minimum 
rate  which  would  otherwise  be  applicable,  in  respect  of  overtime  work  done  by  employees 
(hereinafter referred to as “overtime rate”). 

(2A) Where in respect of an industrial dispute relating to the rates of wages payable to any of the 
employees  employed  in  a  scheduled  employment,  any  proceeding  is  pending  before  a  Tribunal  or 
National Tribunal under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947) or before any like authority under 
any other law for the time being in force, or an award made by any Tribunal, National Tribunal or such 
authority is in operation, and a notification fixing or revising the minimum rates of wages in respect of the 
scheduled employment is issued during the pendency of such proceeding or the operation of the award, 
then, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the minimum rates of wages so fixed or so revised 
shall not apply to those employees during the period in which the proceeding is pending and the award 
made therein is in operation or, as the case may be, where the notification is issued during the period of 
operation  of  an  award,  during  that  period;  and  where  such  proceeding  or  award  relates  to  the  rates  of 
wages payable to all the employees in the scheduled employment, no minimum rates of wages shall be 
fixed or revised in respect of that employment during the said period. 

(3) In fixing or revising minimum rates of wages under this section,— 

  (a) different minimum rates of wages may be fixed for— 

     (i) different scheduled employments; 

     (ii) different classes of work in the same scheduled employment; 

     (iii) adults, adolescents, children and apprentices; 

     (iv) different localities; 

  (b) minimum rates of wages may be fixed by any one or more of the following wage-periods, 
namely:— 

     (i) by the hour, 

     (ii) by the day, 

     (iii) by the month, or 

     (iv) by such other larger wage-period as may be prescribed; 

and where such rates are fixed by the day or by the month, the manner of calculating wages for a month 
or for a day, as the case may be, may be indicated: 

  Provided that where any wage-periods have been fixed under section 4 of the Payment of Wages Act, 
1936 (4 of 1936), minimum wages shall be fixed in accordance therewith. 

###STATE AMENDMENT 

**Kerala**

**Amendment of Section 3.**—(1)  Section  3  of  the  Minimum  Wages  Act,  1948  (Central  Act  11  of 
1948), in its application to the fixation of minimum rates of wages in respect of employments specified in 
Part I and Part II of the Schedule to the Act, in relation to which the appropriate Government is the State 
Government, shall have effect in the State of Kerala subject to the amendments specified in sub-section 
(2). 

(2) In sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (Central Act 11 of 1948),— 

  (i) in  the  opening  words,  for  the  words  “The  appropriate  Government”,  the  words  “The  State 
Government” shall be substituted; 

  (ii) in clause (a),— 

    (a) in sub-clauses (i) and (ii), for the figures, letters and words “31st day of December, 1959”, the 
figures, letters and words “31st day of December, 1959”, the figures, letters and words “31st day of 
March,  1961,  or  such  other  date,  not  being  later  than  the  31st  day  of  March,  1962,  as  the  State 
Government may, from time to time, fix by notification in the Gazette” shall be substituted; 

    (b) after the existing proviso, the following further proviso, the following further proviso shall be 
inserted, namely:— 

      “Provided further that where, in fixing the minimum rates of wages of any employment under 
sub-clause (1) or sub-clause (ii), any class of employees is left out, the State Government may, at 
any time, fix the minimum rates of wages payable to such class of employees. 

      *Explanation.*—For  the  purpose  of  this  proviso,  the  expression  “employees  left  out”  with 
reference to an employment shall include— 

      (i) employees  employed  in  a  particular  locality  in  the  employment,  the  minimum  rates  of 
wages payable to whom have not been fixed; 

      (ii) employees employed in any process or branch of work which was not in existence in the 
employment at the time when the minimum rates of wages were fixed; 

*[Vide* Kerala Act 18 of 1960, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 22-9-1960)]. 

4. **Minimum rate of wages.**—(1) Any minimum rate of wages fixed or revised by the appropriate 
Government in respect of scheduled employments under section 3 may consist of— 

  (i) a basic rate of wages and a special allowance at a rate to be adjusted, at such intervals and in 
such manner as the appropriate Government may direct, to accord as nearly as practicable with the 
variation in the cost of living index number applicable to such workers (hereinafter referred to as the 
“cost of living allowance”); or 

  (ii) a basic rate of wages with or without the cost of living allowance, and the cash value of the 
concessions in respect of supplies of essential commodities at concession rates, where so authorised; 
or 

  (iii) an  all-inclusive  rate  allowing  for  the  basic  rate,  the  cost  of  living  allowance  and  the  cash 
value of the concessions, if any. 

(2) The  cost  of  living  allowance  and  the  cash  value  of  the  concessions  in  respect  of  supplies  of 
essential commodities at concession rates shall be computed by the competent authority at such intervals 
and in accordance with such directions as may be specified or given by the appropriate Government. 

5. **Procedure for fixing and revising minimum wages.**—(1) In fixing minimum rates of wages in 
respect  of  any  scheduled  employment  for the  first time  under  this  Act  or  in  revising  minimum  rates  of 
wages so fixed, the appropriate Government shall either— 

  (a) appoint as many committees and sub-committees as it considers necessary to hold enquiries 
and advise it in respect of such fixation or revision, as the case may be, or 

  (b) by  notification  in  the  Official  Gazette,  publish  its  proposals  for  the  information  of  persons 
likely  to  be  affected  thereby  and  specify  a  date,  not  less  than  two  months  from  the  date  of  the 
notification, on which the proposals will be taken into consideration. 

(2) After considering the advice of the committee or committees appointed under clause (a) of sub-
section  (1),  or  as  the  case  may  be,  all  representations  received  by  it  before  the  date  specified  in  the 
notification under clause (b) of that sub-section, the appropriate Government shall, by notification in the 
Official  Gazette,  fix,  or,  as  the  case  may  be,  revise  the  minimum  rates  of  wages  in  respect  of  each 
scheduled employment, and unless such notification otherwise  provides, it shall come into force on the 
expiry of three months from the date of its issue: 

  Provided that where the appropriate Government proposes to revise the minimum rates of wages by 
the mode specified in clause (b) of sub-section (1), the appropriate Government shall consult the Advisory 
Board also. 

###STATE AMENDMENT 

**Assam**

In Section 5 of the said Act, at the end of Clause (a) of Sub-section (1), for the comma and the word “or” 
after the word “be”, a colon shall be substituted and the following proviso shall be added, namely:— 

  “Provided  the  committees  and  sub-committee  as  so  appointed  may  advise  the  appropriate 
Government in respect of fixation of wages on interim measure after holding such preliminary enquiries 
as  the  committee  or  the  sub-committee,  as  the  case  may  be,  considers  necessary  in  this  behalf  and  the 
appropriate  Government  after  considering  such  advice  may  fix  the  wages  pending  the  fixation  of  the 
minimum rate of wages as required under sub-section (2) or”. 

*[Vide* Assam Act 19 of 1964, s. 2 (w.e.f. 11-8-1964)]. 

6. *[Advisory  committees  and  sub-committees.]  Omitted  by  the  Minimum  Wages  (Amendment)  Act,* 
1957 (30 of 1957), s. 5. 

7. **Advisory Board.**—For the purpose of co-ordinating the work of committees and sub-committees 
appointed under section 5 and advising the appropriate Government generally in the matter of fixing and 
revising minimum rates of wages, the appropriate Government shall appoint an Advisory Board. 

8. **Central Advisory Board.**—(1) For the purpose of advising the Central and State Governments in 
the matters of the fixation and revision of minimum rates of wages and other matters under this Act and 
for  co-ordinating  the  work  of  the  Advisory  Boards,  the  Central  Government  shall  appoint  a  Central 
Advisory Board. 

(2) The Central Advisory Board shall consist of persons to be nominated by the Central Government 
representing employers and employees in the scheduled employments, who shall be equal in number, and 
independent  persons  not  exceeding  one-third  of  its  total  number  of  members;  one  of  such  independent 
persons shall be appointed the Chairman of the Board by the Central Government. 

9. **Composition of committees, etc.**—Each  of  the  committees,  sub-committees and  the 
Advisory  Board  shall  consist  of  persons  to  be  nominated  by  the  appropriate  Government  representing 
employers and employees in the scheduled employments, who shall be equal in number, and independent 
persons not exceeding one-third of its total number of members; one of such independent persons shall be 
appointed the Chairman by the appropriate Government. 

10. **Correction of errors.**—(1) The appropriate Government may, at any time, by notification in the 
Official Gazette, correct clerical or arithmetical  mistakes in any order fixing or revising minimum rates 
of wages under this Act, or errors arising therein from any accidental slip or omission. 

(2) Every such notification shall, as soon as may be after it is issued, be placed before the Advisory 
Board for information.

11. **Wages in kind.**—(1) Minimum wages payable under this Act shall be paid in cash. 

(2) Where it has been the custom to pay wages wholly or partly in kind, the appropriate Government 
being  of  the  opinion  that  it  is  necessary  in  the  circumstances  of  the  case  may,  by  notification  in  the 
Official Gazette, authorise the payment of minimum wages either wholly or partly in kind. 

(3) If the appropriate Government is of the opinion that provision should be made for the supply of 
essential  commodities  at  concession  rates,  the  appropriate  Government  may,  by  notification  in  the 
Official Gazette, authorise the provision of such supplies at concession rates. 

(4) The  cash  value  of  wages  in  kind  and  of  concessions  in  respect  of  supplies  of  essential 
commodities  at  concession  rates  authorised  under  sub-sections  (2)  and  (3)  shall  be  estimated  in  the 
prescribed manner. 

###STATE AMENDMENT 

**Uttar Pradesh**

**In section 11 of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 for sub-section (1), the following sub-section shall be 
substituted, namely** :- 

  "(1) Every employer/owner of Industrial or other establishment shall make payment of wages to his 
employee through cheques or N.E.F.T, E.C.S or other banking solutions: 

  Provided that if the work of employed person is of temporary, casual or fixed term then on his written 
consent  and  on  submission  of  a  copy  of  his  self-attested  aadhar  card,  the  employer  can  make  cash 
payment of wages not more than rupees five thousand once in three months". 

*[Vide* Uttar Pradesh Act 11 of 2018, s. 2] 

12. **Payment of minimum rates of wages.**—(1) Where  in respect  of  any  scheduled  employment  a 
notification  under  section  5 is in force, the employer shall pay to every employee engaged in a 
scheduled employment under him wages at a rate not less than the minimum rate of wages fixed by such 
notification  for  that  class  of  employees  in  that  employment  without  any  deductions  except  as  may  be 
authorised within such time and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed. 

(2) Nothing contained in this section shall affect the provisions of the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (4 
of 1936). 

13. **Fixing hours for a normal working day, etc.**— (1) In regard to any scheduled employment 
minimum rates of wages in respect of which have been fixed under this Act, the appropriate Government 
may— 

  (a) fix the number of hours of work which shall constitute a normal working day, inclusive of one 
or more specified intervals; 

  (b) provide  for  a  day  of  rest  in  every  period  of  seven  days  which  shall  be  allowed  to  all 
employees or to any specified class of employees and for the payment of remuneration in respect of 
such days of rest; 

  (c) provide for payment for work on a day of rest at a rate not less than the overtime rate. 

(2) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall, in relation to the following classes of employees, apply 
only to such extent and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed:— 

  (a) employees engaged on urgent work, or in any emergency which could not have been foreseen 
or prevented; 

  (b) employees engaged in work in the nature of preparatory or complementary work which must 
necessarily  be  carried  on  outside  the  limits  laid  down  for  the  general  working  in  the  employment 
concerned; 

  (c) employees whose employment is essentially intermittent; 

  (d) employees engaged in any work which for technical reasons has to be completed before the 
duty is over; 

  (e) employees engaged in a work which could not be carried on except at times dependent on the 
irregular action of natural forces. 

(3) For  the  purposes  of  clause  (c)  of  sub-section  (2),  employment  of  an  employee  is  essentially 
intermittent when it is declared to be so by the appropriate Government on the ground that the daily hours 
of duty of the employee, or if there be no daily hours of duty as such for the employee, the hours of duty, 
normally include periods of inaction during which the employee may be on duty but is not called upon to 
display either physical activity or sustained attention. 

14. **Overtime.**—(1) Where an employee, whose minimum rate of wages is fixed under this Act by the 
hour, by the day or by such a longer wage-period as may be prescribed, works on any day in excess of the 
number of hours constituting a normal working day, the employer shall pay him for every hour or for part 
of  an  hour  so  worked  in  excess  at  the  overtime  rate  fixed  under  this  Act  or  under  any  law  of  the 
appropriate Government for the time being in force, whichever is higher. 

(2) Nothing in this Act shall prejudice the operation of the provisions of section 59 of the Factories 
Act, 1948 (63 of 1948) in any case where those provisions are applicable. 

15. **Wages of worker who works for less than normal working day.**—If  an  employee  whose 
minimum  rate  of  wages  has  been  fixed  under  this  Act  by  the  day  works  on  any  day  on  which  he  was 
employed for a period less than the requisite number of hours constituting a normal working day, he shall, 
save as otherwise hereinafter provided, be entitled to receive wages in respect of work done by him on 
that day as if he had worked for a full normal working day: 

  Provided, however, that he shall not be entitled to receive wages for a full normal working day— 

    (i) in any case where his failure to work is caused by his unwillingness to work and not by the 
omission of the employer to provide him with work, and 

    (ii) in such other cases and circumstances as may be prescribed. 

16. **Wages for two or more classes of work.**—Where an employee does two or more classes of work 
to  each  of  which  a  different  minimum  rate  of  wages  is  applicable,  the  employer  shall  pay  to  such 
employee in respect of the time respectively occupied in each such class of work, wages at not less than 
the minimum rate in force in respect of each such class. 

17. **Minimum time rate wages for piece work.**—Where an employee is employed on piece work for 
which minimum time rate and not a minimum piece rate has been fixed under this Act, the employer shall 
pay to such employee wages at not less than the minimum time rate. 

18. **Maintenance of registers and records.**—(1) Every employer shall maintain such registers and 
records giving such particulars of employees employed by him, the work performed by them, the wages 
paid to them, the receipts given by them and such other particulars and in such form as may be prescribed. 

(2) Every  employer  shall  keep  exhibited,  in  such  manner  as  may  be  prescribed,  in  the  factory, 
workshop or place where the employees in the scheduled employment may be employed, or in the case of 
out-workers, in such factory, workshop or place as may be  used for giving out-work to them, notices in 
the prescribed form containing prescribed particulars. 

(3) The  appropriate  Government  may,  by  rules  made  under this  Act,  provide  for  the  issue  of  wage 
books or wage slips to employees employed in any scheduled employment in respect of which minimum 
rates of wages have been fixed and prescribe the manner in which entries shall be made and authenticated 
in such wage books or wage slips by the employer or his agent. 

19. **Inspectors.**—(1)  The  appropriate  Government  may,  by  notification  in  the  Official  Gazette, 
appoint such persons as it thinks fit to be Inspectors for the purposes of this Act, and define the  local 
limits within which they shall exercise their functions. 

(2) Subject to any rules made in this behalf, an Inspector may, within the local limits for which he is 
appointed— 

  (a) enter, at all reasonable hours, with such assistants (if any), being persons in the service of the 
Government  or  any  local  or  other  public  authority,  as  he  thinks  fit,  any  premises  or  place  where 
employees are employed or work is given out to out-workers in any scheduled employment in respect 
of which minimum rates of wages have been fixed under this Act, for the purpose of examining any 
register, record of wages or notices required to be kept or exhibited by or under this Act or rules made 
thereunder, and require the production thereof for inspection; 

  (b) examine any person whom he finds in any such premises or place and who, he has reasonable 
cause to believe, is an employee employed therein or an employee to whom work is given out therein; 

  (c) require any person giving out-work and any out-workers, to give any information, which is in 
his power to give, with respect to the names and addresses of the persons to, for and from whom the 
work is given out or received, and with respect to the payments to be made for the work; 

  (d)  seize  or  take  copies  of  such  register,  record  of  wages  or  notices  or  portions  thereof  as  he 
may consider relevant in respect of an offence under this Act which he has reason to believe has been 
committed by an employer; and 

  (e) exercise such other powers as may be prescribed. 

(3) Every  Inspector  shall  be  deemed  to be  a  public  servant  within the  meaning of  the  Indian  Penal 
Code (45 of 1860). 

(4) Any  person  required  to  produce  any  document  or  thing  or  to  give  any  information  by  an 
Inspector  under  sub-section  (2)  shall  be  deemed  to  be  legally  bound  to  do  so  within  the  meaning  of 
section 175 and section 176 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). 

20. **Claims.**—(1) The appropriate Government may,  by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint 
any Commissioner for Workmen's Compensation or any officer of the Central Government exercising 
functions as a Labour Commissioner for any region, or any officer of the State Government not below the 
rank of Labour Commissioner or any other officer with experience as a Judge of a Civil Court or as a 
stipendiary Magistrate to be the Authority to hear and decide for any specified area all claims arising out 
of payment of less than the minimum rates of wages or in respect of the payment of remuneration for 
days of rest or for work done on such days under clause (b) or clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 13 
or of wages at the overtime rate under section 14, to employees employed or paid in that area. 

(2) Where an employee has any claim of the nature referred to in sub-section (1), the employee 
himself, or any legal practitioner or any official of a registered trade union authorised in writing to act on 
his behalf, or any Inspector, or any person acting with the permission of the Authority appointed under 
sub-section (1), may apply to such Authority for a direction under sub-section (3): 

  Provided that every such application shall be presented within six months from the date on which the 
minimum wages or other amount became payable: 

  Provided further that any application may be admitted after the said period of six months when the 
applicant satisfies the Authority that he had sufficient cause for not making the application within such 
period. 

(3) When any application under sub-section (2) is entertained, the Authority shall hear the applicant 
and the employer, or give them an opportunity of being heard, and after such further inquiry, if any, as it 
may consider necessary, may, without prejudice to any other penalty to which the employer may be liable 
under this Act, direct— 

  (i) in  the  case  of  a  claim  arising  out  of  payment  of  less  than  the  minimum  rates  of  wages,  the 
payment  to  the  employee  of  the  amount  by  which  the  minimum  wages  payable  to  him  exceed  the 
amount actually paid, together with the payment of such compensation as the Authority may think fit, 
not exceeding ten times the amount of such excess; 

  (ii) in any other case, the payment of the amount due to the employee, together with the payment 
of such compensation as the Authority may think fit, not exceeding ten rupees, 

and the Authority may direct payment of such compensation in cases where the excess or the amount due 
is paid by the employer to the employee before the disposal of the application. 

(4) If the Authority hearing any application under this section is satisfied that it was either malicious 
or vexatious, it may direct that a penalty not exceeding fifty rupees be paid to the employer by the person 
presenting the application. 

(5) Any amount directed to be paid under this section may be recovered— 

  (a) if the Authority is a Magistrate, by the Authority as if it were a fine imposed by the Authority 
as a Magistrate, or 

  (b) if  the  Authority  is  not  a  Magistrate,  by  any  Magistrate  to  whom  the  Authority  makes 
application in this behalf, as if it were a fine imposed by such Magistrate. 

(6) Every direction of the Authority under this section shall be final. 

(7) Every Authority appointed under sub-section (1) shall have all the powers of a Civil Court under 
the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), for the purpose of taking evidence and of enforcing the 
attendance of witnesses and compelling the production of documents, and every such Authority shall be 
deemed  to  be  a  Civil  Court  for  all  the  purposes  of  section  195  and  Chapter  XXXV  of  the  Code  of 
Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898). 

###STATE AMENDMENTS 

**Kerala**

**Amendment of Section 20.**—In  section  20  of  the  Minimum  wages  Act,  1948  (Central  Act  11  of 
1948) (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act),— 

  (a) in sub-section (1), for the words “or any officer of the State Government not below the rank of a 
Labour  Commissioner”,  the  words  “or  any  officer  of  the  State  Government  not  below  the  rank  of  a 
Deputy Labour Commissioner” shall be substituted; 

  (b) in  sub-section  (4),  for  the  words  “fifty  rupees”,  the  words  “one  hundred  rupees”  shall  be 
substituted; 

  (c) in sub-section (5), for clause (b), the following clause shall be substituted, namely:— 

  “(b) if the Authority is not a Magistrate, by the Authority, as if it were arrears of revenue due on land, without 
prejudice to any other mode of recovery.”. 

*[Vide* Kerala Act 23 of 2017, sec. 2]. 

**Karnataka**

**Amendment of section 20.**—In section 20 of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (Central Act XI of 1948), 
(herein after referred to as the Principal Act,— 

  (i) in sub-section (1), for the words “not below the rank of Labour Commissioner”, the words “not 
below the rank of Assistant Labour Commissioner” shall be substituted. 

  (ii) in  sub-section  (4),  for  the  words  “fifty  rupees”  the  words  “one  thousand  rupees”  shall  be 
substituted. 

*[Vide* Karnataka Act 40 of 2017, sec. 2]. 

**Karnataka**

  In  sub-section  (1)  of  section  20,  for  the  words  “stipendiary  Magistrate”  the  words  “Judicial 
Magistrate” shall be substituted. 

*[Vide* Karnataka Act 13 of 1965, s. 67 and Schedule] 

**Rajasthan**

**Amendment of sections 20,  Central Act 11 of 1948.**- In the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (Central Act 
11  of  1948),  in  its  application  to  the  State  of  Rajasthan,  in  section  20,  in  sub-section  (1),  after  the 
expression  "Labour  Commissioner",  the  expression  "or  a  Vikas  Adhikari  appointed  under  the 
Rajasthan Panchayat Samitis And Zila Parishads Act, 1959 (Rajasthan Act 37 of 1959)" shall be inserted. 

*[Vide* Rajasthan Act 11 of 1976, s. 3] 

21. **Single application in respect of a number of employees.**—(1) Subject to such rules as may be 
prescribed, a single application may be presented under section 20 on behalf or in respect  of any number 
of employees employed in the scheduled employment in respect of which minimum rates of wages have 
been fixed and in such cases the maximum compensation which may be awarded under sub-section (3) of 
section 20 shall not exceed ten times the aggregate amount of such excess or ten rupees per head, as the 
case may be. 

(2) The Authority may deal with any number of separate pending applications presented under section 
20 in respect of employees in the scheduled employments in respect of which minimum rates of wages 
have been fixed, as a single application presented under sub-section (1) of this section and the provisions 
of that sub-section shall apply accordingly. 

22. **Penalties for certain offences.**—Any employer who— 

  (a) pays to any employee less than the minimum rates of wages fixed for that employee's class of 
work, or less than the amount due to him under the provisions of this Act, or 

  (b) contravenes any rule or order made under section 13, 

shall be punishable  with imprisonment  for a term  which  may  extend  to  six  months,  or  with fine  which 
may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both: 

  Provided  that  in  imposing  any  fine  for  an  offence  under  this  section,  the  Court  shall  take  into 
consideration the amount of any compensation already awarded against the accused in any proceedings 
taken under section 20. 

###STATE AMENDMENTS 

**Kerala**

**Amendment of Section 22.**—In section 22 of the principal Act, for the words “five hundred rupees” the words 
“one lakh rupees” shall be substituted. 

*[Vide* Kerala Act 23 of 2017, sec. 3]. 




Karnataka 

Amendment of section 22.—In section 22 of the Principal Act for the words “which may extend to 
five hundred rupees” the words “which shall not be less than five thousand rupees but which may extend 
to ten thousand rupees” shall be substituted. 
[Vide Karnataka Act 40 of 2017, sec. 3]. 
22A.  General  provision for  punishment  of  other  offences.—Any  employer  who  contravenes  any 
provision of this Act or of any rule or order made thereunder shall, if no other penalty is provided for such 
contravention by this Act, be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.  

Kerala 

Substitution  of  Section  22A.—For  section  22A  of  the  principal  Act,  the  following  section  shall  be 

substituted, namely:— 

“22A. General Provision for punishment of other offences.—(1) Whoever contravenes the provisions 
of  this  Act  or  the  rules  made  thereunder  shall  be  punishable  with  fine  which  may  extend  to  two  lakh 
rupees  and  in  the  case  of a  continuing  contravention,  with an  additional  fine  which  may  extend  to two 
thousand rupees for every day during which such contravention continues: 

Provided that the total amount of fine shall not exceed two thousand rupees per worker employed. 
(2)  If  any  person  who  has been convicted  of any  offence  punishable  under  sub-section  (1) is again 
guilty of an offence involving a contravention or failure of compliance of the same provision, he shall be 
punishable on a subsequent conviction with fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees but which 
may extend to five lakh rupees. 

(3)  Notwithstanding  anything  contained  in  sub-section  (2)  of  section  29  of  the  Code  of  Criminal 
Procedure,  1973  (Central  Act  2  of  1974),  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  Magistrate  to  impose  a  fine  for  an 
amount exceeding ten thousand rupees.”. 
[Vide Kerala Act 23 of 2017, sec. 4]. 

Karnataka 

Amendment  of  section  22A.—In  section  22A  of  the  Principal  Act,  for  the  words  “five  hundred 

rupees” the words “ten thousand rupees” shall be substituted. 

[Vide Karnataka Act 40 of 2017, sec. 4]. 

22B. Cognizance of offences.—(1) No Court shall take cognizance of a complaint against any person 

for an offence— 

(a) under clause (a) of section 22 unless an application in respect of the facts constituting such 
offence  has  been  presented  under  section  20  and  has  been  granted  wholly  or  in  part,  and  the 
appropriate Government or an officer authorised by it in this behalf has sanctioned the making of the 
complaint; 

(b) under clause (b) of section 22 or under section 22A except on a complaint made by, or with 

the sanction of, an Inspector. 

13 

 
(2) No Court shall take cognizance of an offence— 

(a)  under  clause  (a)  or  clause  (b)  of  section  22,  unless  complaint  thereof  is  made  within  one 

month of the grant of sanction under this section; 

(b) under section 22A, unless complaint thereof is made within six months of the date on which 

the offence is alleged to have been committed.  

22C.  Offences  by  companies.—(1)  If  the  person  committing  any  offence  under  this  Act  is  a 
company, every person who at the time the offence was committed, was incharge of, and was responsible 
to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company as well as the company shall be deemed 
to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly: 

Provided  that  nothing  contained  in  this  sub-section  shall  render  any  such  person  liable  to  any 
punishment provided in this Act if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or 
that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence. 

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an offence under this Act has been 
committed  by  a  company  and  it  is  proved  that  the  offence  has  been  committed  with  the  consent  or 
connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other 
officer  of the company,  such  director,  manager,  secretary  or  other  officer  of  the  company  shall  also be 
deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.  

Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,— 

(a) “company” means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals, 

and  

(b) “director” in relation to a firm means a partner in the firm.  

Uttar Pradesh 

Insertion  of  new section 22-CC,  in  Act  (11  of 1948).—In  the  minimum  Wages  Act, after  section  

22-C, the following section shall be inserted, namely:— 

“22-CC. Compounding of offence.—An Officer specially empowered by the State Government 
in this behalf by notification may, subject to any general or special order of the State Government in 
this behalf, compound any offence punishable under this Act with fine only committed for the first 
time,  either  before  or  after  the  institution  of  the  prosecution,  on  realization  of  such  amount  of 
composition fee  as  he  thinks  fit,  not exceeding  the  maximum  amount  of  fine  fixed for  the  offence; 
and where the offence is so compounded— 

(i) before the institution of the prosecution, the offender shall not be liable to prosecution for 

such offence and shall, if in custody, be set at liberty; 

(ii) before the institution of the prosecution, the composition shall amount to acquittal of the 

offender.’’ 

[Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 35 of 1979, s. 3] 

22D. Payment of undisbursed amounts due to employees.—All amounts payable by an employer 
to an employee as the amount of minimum wages of the employee under this Act or otherwise due to the 
employee under this Act or any rule or order made thereunder shall, if such amounts could not or cannot 
be  paid  to  the  employee  on  account  of  his death  before  payment  or on  account  of  his  whereabouts  not 
being known, be deposited with the prescribed authority who shall deal with the money so deposited in 
such manner as may be prescribed.  

22E.  Protection  against  attachment  of  assets  of  employer  with  Government.—Any  amount 
deposited with the appropriate Government by an employer to secure the due performance of a contract 
with that Government and any other amount due to such employer from that Government in respect of 
such contract shall not be liable to attachment under any decree or order of any Court in respect of any 
debt  or  liability  incurred  by  the  employer  other  than  any  debt  or  liability  incurred  by  the  employer 
towards any employee employed in connection with the contract aforesaid.  

14 

 
22F.  Application  of  Payment  of  Wages  Act,  1936,  to  scheduled  employments.—(1) 
Notwithstanding  anything  contained  in  the  Payment  of  Wages  Act,  1936  (4  of  1936).  the  appropriate 
Government  may,  by  notification  in  the  Official  Gazette,  direct  that,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  sub-
section (2), all or any of the provisions of the said Act shall with such modifications, if any, as may be 
specified in the notification, apply to wages payable to employees in such scheduled employments as may 
be specified in the notification. 

(2) Where all or any of the provisions of the said Act are applied to wages payable to employees in 
any scheduled employment under sub-section (1), the Inspector appointed under this Act shall, be deemed 
to be the Inspector for the purpose of enforcement of the provisions so applied within the local limits of 
his jurisdiction.]  
Manipur 

Insertion  of  section  22CC.—In  the  Minimum  Wages  Act,  1948  (No.  21  of  1948)  below  section  22C,  the 

following section shall be inserted, namely:— 

“22CC.Compounding of offences.—An officer specially  empowered by the  State Government in this behalf 
by  notification in the official  gazette  may, subject to any general or special order of the State Government in this 
behalf, compound any offence punishable under this Act with fine only committed for the first time either before or 
after  the  institution  of  the  prosecution,  on  realization  of  such  amount  of  composition  fee  as  he  thinks  fit,  not 
exceeding the maximum amount of fine fixed for the offence, and where the offence is so compounded— 

(i) before the institution of the prosecution, the offender shall not be liable to prosecution for such offence 

and shall, if in custody, be set at liberty; 

(ii) after the institution of the prosecution, the composition shall amount to acquittal of the offender.”. 

[Vide Manipur Act 7 of 1992, s. 2] 

23. Exemption of employer from liability in certain cases.—Where an employer is charged with an 
offence against this Act, he shall be entitled, upon complaint duly made by him, to have any other person 
whom he charges as the actual offender, brought before the Court at the time appointed for hearing the 
charge;  and  if,  after  the  commission  of  the  offence  has  been  proved,  the  employer  proves  to  the 
satisfaction of the Court— 

(a) that he has used due diligence to enforce the execution of this Act, and 
(b) that the said other person committed the offence in question without his knowledge, consent 

or connivance,  

that other person shall be convicted of the offence and shall be liable to the like punishment as if he were 
the employer and the employer shall be discharged: 

Provided that in seeking to prove, as aforesaid, the employer may be examined on oath, and the evidence of the 
employer  or  his  witness,  if  any,  shall  be  subject  to  cross-examination  by  or  on  behalf    of  the  person  whom  the 
employer charges as the actual offender and by the prosecution. 

24. Bar of suits.—No Court shall entertain any suit for the recovery of wages in so far as the sum so claimed— 
 (a) forms the subject of an application under section 20 which has been presented by or on behalf of the 

plaintiff, or  

(b) has formed the subject of a direction under that section in favour of the plaintiff, or  
(c) has been adjudged in any proceeding under that section not to be due to the plaintiff, or 
(d) could have been recovered by an application under that section.  

25.  Contracting  out.—Any  contract  or  agreement,  whether  made  before  or  after  the  commencement  of  this 
Act, whereby an employee either relinquishes or reduces his right to a minimum rate of wages or any privilege or 
concession accruing to him under this Act shall be null and void in so far as it purports to reduce the minimum rate 
of wages fixed under this Act.  

26. Exemptions and exceptions.—(1) The appropriate Government may, subject to such conditions if any as it 
may  think  fit  to  impose,  direct  that  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  not  apply  in  relation  to  the  wages  payable  to 
disabled employees. 

(2)  The  appropriate  Government  may,  if  for  special  reasons  it  thinks  so  fit,  by  notification  in  the  Official 
Gazette, direct that  1[subject to such conditions and] for such period as it may specify the provisions of this Act or 
any  of  them  shall  not  apply  to  all  or  any  class  of  employees  employed  in  any  scheduled  employment  or  to  any 
locality where there is carried on a scheduled employment. 

1. Ins. by Act 30 of 1957, s. 15. 

15 

 
                                                           
1[(2A) The appropriate Government may, if it is of opinion that, having regard to the terms and conditions of 
service applicable to any class of employees in a scheduled employment generally or in a scheduled employment in 
a local area 1[or to any establishment or a part of any establishment in a scheduled employment], it is not necessary 
to fix minimum wages in respect of such employees of that class 1[or in respect of employees in such establishment 
or  such  part  of  any  establishment]  as  are  in  receipt  of  wages  exceeding  such  limit  as  may  be  prescribed  in  this 
behalf,  direct,  by  notification  in  the  Official  Gazette  and  subject  to  such  conditions,  if  any,  as  it  may  think  fit  to 
impose, that the provisions of this Act or any of them shall not apply in relation to such employees.] 

(3) Nothing in this Act shall apply to the wages payable by an employer to a member of his family who is living 

with him and is dependent on him.  

Explanation.—In  this  sub-section  a  member  of  the  employer's  family  shall  be  deemed  to  include  his  or  her 

spouse or child or parent or brother or sister.  

27.  Power  of  State  Government  to  add  to  Schedule.—The  appropriate  Government,  after  giving  by 
notification  in  the  Official  Gazette  not  less  than  three  months'  notice  of  its  intention  so  to  do,  may,  by  like 
notification, add to either Part of the Schedule any employment in respect of which it is of opinion that minimum 
rates  of  wages  should  be  fixed  under  this  Act,  and  thereupon  the  Schedule  shall  in  its  application  to  the  State  be 
deemed to be amended accordingly. 

28.  Power  of  Central  Government  to  give  directions.—The  Central  Government  may  give  directions  to  a 

State Government as to the carrying into execution of this Act in the State.  

29.  Power  of  the  Central  Government  to  make  rules.—The  Central  Government  may,  subject  to  the 
condition of previous publication, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules prescribing the term of office of 
the members, the procedure to be followed in the conduct of business, the method of voting, the manner of filling up 
casual vacancies in membership and the quorum necessary for the transaction of business of the Central Advisory 
Board.  

30. Power of appropriate Government to make rules.—(1) The appropriate Government may, subject to the 
condition of previous publication, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of 
this Act. 

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may— 

(a) prescribe the term of office of the members, the procedure to be followed in the conduct of business, the 
method of voting, the manner of filling up casual vacancies in membership and the quorum necessary for the 
transaction of business of the committees, sub-committees, 2*** and the Advisory Board; 

(b) prescribe the method of summoning witnesses, production of documents relevant to the subject-matter 
of the enquiry before the committees, sub-committees, 1*** and the Advisory Board; 

(c)  prescribe  the  mode  of  computation  of  the  cash  value  of  wages  in  kind  and  of  concessions  in 

respect of supplies of essential commodities at concession rates; 

(d) prescribe the time and conditions of payment of, and the deductions permissible from, wages; 

(e) provide for giving adequate publicity to the minimum rates of wages fixed under this Act; 

(f) provide for  a  day  of  rest  in every  period  of  seven  days  and  for the  payment  of  remuneration  in 

respect of such day; 

(g) prescribe the number of hours of work which shall constitute a normal working day; 

(h) prescribe the cases and circumstances in which an employee employed for a period of less than 
the requisite number of hours constituting a normal working day shall not be entitled to receive wages for 
a full normal working day; 

(i)  prescribe the  form  of registers  and records  to  be maintained  and the  particulars to  be  entered  in 

such registers and records; 

(j)  provide  for  the  issue  of  wage  books  and  wage  slips  and  prescribe  the  manner  of  making  and 

authenticating entries in wage books and wage slips; 

(k) prescribe the powers of Inspectors for purposes of this Act; 

1. Ins. by Act 26 of 1954, s. 5. 
2. The words “advisory committees, advisory sub-committees” omitted by Act 30 of 1957, s. 16. 

16 

 
                                                           
(l) regulate the scale of costs that may be allowed in proceedings under section 20; 

(m) prescribe the amount of court-fees payable in respect of proceedings under section 20; and 

(n) provide for any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed. 

1[30A. Rules made by Central Government to be laid before Parliament.—2[(1)] Every rule made 
by the Central Government under this Act shall be laid as soon as may be after it is made before each 
House of Parliament while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one 
session or in two successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session in which it is so laid or the 
session immediately following, both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both Houses 
agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or 
be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without 
prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule.] 

3[(2) every rule made by the State Government under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it 

is made, before the State Legislature.] 

4[31. Validation of fixation of certain minimum rates of wages.—Where during the period— 

(a) commencing on the 1st day of April, 1952, and ending with the date of the commencement of 

the Minimum Wages (Amendment) Act, 1954 (26 of 1954); or 

(b)  commencing  on  the  31st  day  of  December,  1954,  and  ending  with  the  date  of  the 

commencement of the Minimum Wages (Amendment) Act, 1957 (30 of 1957); or 

(c)  commencing  on  the  31st  day  of  December,  1959,  and  ending  with  the  date  of  the 

commencement of the Minimum Wages (Amendment) Act, 1961 (31 of 1961),  

minimum rates of wages have been fixed by an appropriate Government as being payable to employees 
employed in any employment specified in the Schedule in the belief or purported belief that such rates 
were  being  fixed  under  clause  (a)  of  sub-section  (1)  of  section  3,  as  in  force  immediately  before  the 
commencement of the Minimum Wages (Amendment) Act, 1954 (26 of 1954), or the Minimum Wages 
(Amendment) Act, 1957 (30 of 1957), or the Minimum Wages (Amendment) Act, 1961(31 of 1961), as 
the case may be, such rates shall be deemed to have been fixed in accordance with law and shall not be 
called in question in any court on the ground merely that the relevant date specified for the purpose in that 
clause had expired at the time the rates were fixed: 

Provided that nothing contained in this section shall extend, or be construed to extend, to affect any 
person with any punishment or penalty whatsoever by reason of the payment by him by way of wages to 
any  of  his  employees  during  any  period  specified  in  this  section  of  an  amount  which  is  less  than  the 
minimum  rates  of  wages  referred  to  in  this  section  or  by  reason  of  non-compliance  during  the  period 
aforesaid with any order or rule issued under section 13.]  

1. Ins. by Act 31 of 1961, s. 3. 
2. Section 30A re-numbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 4 of 2005, s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 11-1-2005). 
3. Ins. by Act 4 of 2005, s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 11-1-2005). 
4. Subs. by Act 31 of 1961, s. 4, for section 31. 

17 

 
 
 
                                                           
 SCHEDULE 

[See sections 2(g) and 27] 

PART 1 

1. Employment in any wollen carpet making or shawl weaving establishment. 
2. Employment in any rice mill, flour mill or dal mill. 
3. Employment in any tobacco (including bidi making) manufactory. 
4. Employment in any plantation, that is to say, any estate which is maintained for the purpose of growing 

cinchona, rubber, tea or coffee. 

5. Employment in any oil mill. 
6. Employment under any local authority 
1[7. Employment on the construction or maintenance of roads or in building operations.] 
8. Employment in stone breaking or stone crushing. 
9. Employment in any lac manufactory. 
10. Employment in any mica works. 
11. Employment in public motor transport. 

12. Employment in tanneries and leather manufactory. 

2[Employment in gypsum mines. 
Employment in barytes mines. 
Employment in bauxite mines.] 
3[Employment in manganese mines.] 
4[Employment in the maintenance of buildings and employment in the construction and maintenance 
of runways.] 
5[Employment in China Clay mines. 
Employment in Kyanite mines.] 

6[Employment in Copper mines.] 

7[Employment in clay mines covered under the Mines Act, 1952 (35 of 1952).] 

8[Employment in magnesite mines covered under the Mines Act, 1952 (35 of 1952).] 

9[Employment in white clay mines.] 

10[Employment in stone mines.] 

11[Employment in steatile (including the mines producing Seapstone and Tale).] 

12[Employment in Ochre Mines.] 

13[Employment in Asbestos mines.] 

1. Subs. by Act 30 of 1957, s. 18, for item No. 7. 
2. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 3760, dated 4th December, 1962. 
3. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 3760, dated 30th October, 1962. 
4. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 1987, dated 30th May, 1968. 
5. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 586, dated 5th February, 1970. 
6. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 795, dated 13th February, 1970. 
7. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 796, dated 18th February, 1970. 
8. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 2357, dated 1st July, 1970. 
9. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 3896, dated the 3rd September, 1971. 
10. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 3898, dated 15th September, 1971. 
11. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 2972, dated 1st July, 1972. 
12. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 2973, dated 1st July, 1972. 
13. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 2974, dated 6th July, 1972. 

18 

 
                                                           
1[Employment in Fire Clay mines.] 

2[Employment in Chromite mines.] 

3[Employment in quartizite mines. 

Employment in quartz mines. 

Employment in silica mines.] 

4[Employment in graphic mines.] 

5[Employment in feldspar mines.] 

6[Employment in laterite mines.] 

7[Employment in dolomite mines.] 

8[Employment in redoxide mines.] 

9[Employment in wolfram mines.] 

10[Employment in iron ore mines.] 

11[Employment in granite mines.] 

PART II 

1.  Employment in agriculture, that is to say, in any form of farming, including the cultivation and 
tillage of the soil, dairy farming, the production, cultivation, growing and harvesting of any agricultural or 
horticultural commodity, the raising of live-stock, bees or poultry, and any practice performed by a farmer 
or on a farm as incidental to or in conjunction with farm operations (including any forestry or timbering 
operations  and  the  preparation  for  market  and  delivery  to  storage  or  to  market  or  to  carriage  for 
transportation to market of farm produce). 

1. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 1587, dated 24th May, 1973. 
2. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 2311, dated 3rd July, 1975. 
3. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 4030, dated 4th February, 1976. 
4. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 558, dated 29th January, 1977. 
5. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 1823, dated 14th June, 1978. 
6. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 2945, dated 22nd September, 1978. 
7. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 2950, dated 25th September, 1978. 
8. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 3248, dated 26th October, 1978. 
9.  Ins. by notification No. S.O. 3671, dated 7th December, 1978. 
10. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 1757, dated 16th June, 1980. 
11. Ins. by notification No. S.O. 2473, dated 3rd September, 1980. 

19 

 
 
                                                           
