forgefed/spec.bs

<pre class='metadata'>
Status: LS-BRANCH
Group: ForgeFed Working Group
Editor: Alice Doe, MyCoolCompany https://mycoolcompany.com/home, https://alicedoe.me/about
Editor: Bob Doe, SomeOrg https://some.org, https://home.net/bob
Favicon: /img/favicon.png
Logo: /img/logo.svg
Status Text: Work in progress
Issue Tracking: Codeberg https://codeberg.org/forgefed/forgefed/issues
Issue Tracker Template: https://codeberg.org/forgefed/forgefed/issues/{0}
Indent: 4
Work Status: exploring
Repository: https://codeberg.org/forgefed/forgefed forgefed
Line Numbers: yes
Markup Shorthands: markdown yes, css no, http no, idl no, markup no
Title: ForgeFed
Shortname: forgefed
URL: https://forgefed.org/spec
Revision: 1
Abstract:
    This document describes the ForgeFed vocabulary. It's intended to be an
    extension of [[ActivityStreams-Vocabulary]] and provides additional
    vocabulary for federation of project management and version control system
    hosting and collaboration platforms.

    This document describes the rules and guidelines for representing version
    control and project management related objects as linked data, using the
    ForgeFed vocabulary, ActivityStreams 2, and other related vocabularies.

    This document provides instructions for using ActivityPub activities and
    properties to represent forge events, and describes the side-effects these
    activities should have. 
</pre>

Issue: (fr33) In the abstract I just pasted the 3 abstracts of the separate
specs. Write something new, probably with inspiration from existing specs such
as ActivityPub.

This draft is generated from branch <code>[GITBRANCH]</code>, commit
<a href="https://codeberg.org/ForgeFed/ForgeFed/commit/[GITCOMMIT]">[GITSHORT]</a>.

# Introduction # {#intro}

Note: The spec is still under construction. Want to start implementing? Check
out the ActivityPub implementation guide, and then the [[#s2s]] section here.

Issue: Below are the 3 intro texts from the 3 specs. We probably want to
replace them with a human-friendly tutorial-like example, like in the
ActivityPub spec.

The ForgeFed Vocabulary describes a set of types and properties to be used by
platforms that support the ForgeFed protocol. This specification describes only
the new vocabulary called ForgeFed. The ForgeFed behavior specification
describes how to use this vocabulary, along with standard ActivityPub
vocabulary, to support the ForgeFed protocol.

**The ForgeFed modeling specification** is a set of rules and guidelines which
describe version control repository and project management related objects and
properties, and specify how to represent them as JSON-LD objects (and linked
data in general) using the ForgeFed vocabulary and related vocabularies and
ontologies. Using these modeling rules consistently across implementations and
instances allows to have a common language spoken across networks of software
forges, project management apps and more.

The ForgeFed vocabulary specification defines a dedicated vocabulary of
forge-related terms, and the **modeling specification** uses these terms, along
with terms that already exist in ActivityPub or elsewhere and can be reused for
forge federation.

The ForgeFed behavior specification provides instructions for using Activities,
and which Activities and properties to use, to represent forge events, and
describes the side-effects these Activities should have. The objects used as
inputs and outputs of behavior descriptions there are defined here in the
**modeling specification**.

**The ForgeFed behavior specification** is a set of instructions for
representing version control systems and project management related transactions
using ActivityPub activity objects, and it describes the side effects and
expected results of sending and receiving these activities. The vocabulary for
these activities includes standard ActivityPub terms, new terms defined by
ForgeFed, and terms borrowed from other external vocabularies.

The ForgeFed vocabulary specification defines a dedicated vocabulary of
forge-related terms, and the **behavior specification** uses these terms, along
with terms that already exist in ActivityPub or elsewhere and can be reused for
forge federation.

The ForgeFed modeling specification defines rules for representing forge
related objects as ActivityPub JSON-LD objects, and these objects are used in
the **behavior specification**, included in activities, mentioned in
activities, or modified as a result of activity side-effects.

# Objects

## Kinds of Objects

Objects are the core concept around which both ActivityPub and ForgeFed are
built. Examples of Objects are [=Note=], [=Ticket=], [=Image=],
[=Create=], [=Push=]. Some objects are resources, which are objects that
contain or represent information and user made or program made content, and
some objects are helpers that exist as implementation detail aren't necessarily
exposed to humans or are useful to humans. But everything is an [=Object=],
represented as compacted JSON-LD.

ForgeFed is an ActivityPub extension, and communication between ForgeFed
implementations occurs using activity objects sent to actor inboxes and
outboxes.

There are 4 kinds of objects in ForgeFed:

: Activities
::  These are objects that describe actions, such as actions that
    happened, actions that are happening, or a request to perform an action.
    Their primary use is for server-to-server interaction between actors by
    being sent to an actor's inbox, and client-to-server interaction between a
    person or program and an actor they control by being sent to the actor's
    outbox. Activities can also appear or be linked inside other objects and
    activities and be listed in Collections.

: Actors
::  These are static persistent objects that have an [=inbox=] and can be
    directly interacted with by POSTing activities to it. Their primary use is
    to contain or represent information and output of user actions or program
    actions, and to manage access to this information and modifications of it.

: Child objects
::  These are persistent objects that, like actors, contain or
    represent information and output of user actions or program actions, but
    they do not have their own [=inbox=] and are not directly interacted with.
    A managed static object always has a parent object, which is an actor, and
    that actor's inbox is the way to interact with the child object. The parent
    actor manages access and modification of the child object.

: Global helper objects
::  These are objects that do not belong to any actor and do not need any
    interaction through activities. As such, they do not exactly fit into the
    actor model, but may be involved in implementation details and practical
    considerations.

Actors, children, and globals are referred to in ForgeFed as *static* objects,
while activities are *dynamic* objects. The terms *constant* and *variable*
are used to indicate whether an object changes during its lifetime or not.

*Static* objects, in addition to being an actor or child or global, also have a
resource/helper distinction:

: Resource
::  Contains or represents information and user made or program made
    content, usually belongs to the domain model of version control systems and
    project management.

: Helper
::  Used for running things behind the scenes, not exposed directly as
    user content, may be transient or auto generated, usually related to
    implementation detail and not to concepts of version control and project
    management.

## Object Publishing and Hosting ## {#publishing}

In ForgeFed, actors host their child objects locally, meaning the actor and the
child object are hosted on the same instance. Actors may create remote objects by
*offering* them to the relevant actor, which then may create the object on their
side and assign it a URI.

The process begins with an [=Offer=] activity, in which:

-   [=object=] MUST be the object being offered for publishing, and that object
    MUST NOT have an [=id=]
-   [=target=] MUST indicate under which list/collection/context the sender would
    like the object to be published (it may also be the URI of the target actor
    itself)

Among the recipients listed in the [=Offer=]'s recipient fields, exactly one
recipient is the actor who is responsible for inspecting and possibly publishing
the newly created object, and possibly sending back an [=Accept=] or a [=Reject=].
We'll refer to this actor as the *target actor*. Specific object types described
throughout this specification have a specific meaning for the *target actor*,
which processing and inspection it is expected to do, and where it is expected
to list the URI of the object once it publishes it.

The sender is essentially asking that the target actor hosts the object as a
child object and assigns is a URI, allowing to observe and interact with the
object. The target actor will be responsible for hosting and controlling the
object, and the sender will just be mentioned as the author.

When an actor *A* receives the [=Offer=] activity, they can determine whether
they're the *target actor* as follows: If the [=target=] is *A* or a child
object of *A*, then *A* is the *target actor*. Otherwise, *A* isn't the target
actor.

In the following example, Luke wants to open a ticket under Aviva's Game Of
Life simulation app:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.example/luke/outbox/02Ljp",
    "type": "Offer",
    "actor": "https://forge.example/luke",
    "to": [
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/team",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/followers"
    ],
    "object": {
        "type": "Ticket",
        "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
        "summary": "Test test test",
        "content": "<p>Just testing</p>",
        "mediaType": "text/html",
        "source": {
            "mediaType": "text/markdown; variant=Commonmark",
            "content": "Just testing"
        }
    },
    "target": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life"
}
</xmp>
</div>

The *target actor* SHOULD send an [=Accept=] or a [=Reject=] activity to the
Offer's author in response. If the *target actor* sends an Accept, it MUST
host its own copy, assigning an [=id=] to the newly published object and adding
it to the expected list specified by the [=Offer=]'s [=target=].

If the *target actor* sends a [=Reject=], it MUST NOT add the object's [=id=]
to that list. However if the *target actor* doesn't make any use of the
object, it MAY choose not to send a Reject, e.g. to protect user privacy. The
`Accept` or `Reject` may also be delayed, e.g. until review by a human user;
that is implementation dependent, and implementations should not rely on an
instant response.

In the [=Accept=] activity:

-   [=object=] MUST be the Offer activity or its [=id=]
-   [=result=] MUST be specified and be the [=id=] of the new child object now
    hosted by the *target actor*, which is extracted from the [=Offer=]'s
    [=object=]

In the following example, Luke's ticket is opened automatically and Aviva's
Game Of Life repository, which is an actor, automatically sends Luke an Accept
activity:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/outbox/096al",
    "type": "Accept",
    "actor": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.example/luke",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/team",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/followers"
    ],
    "object": "https://forge.example/luke/outbox/02Ljp",
    "result": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/issues/113"
}
</xmp>
</div>

# Server to Server Interactions # {#s2s}

Issue: This section describes the whole flow of actor interactions, that allows
the federated implementation of the various features of forges and related
software. It provides a complete picture of interaction flows, which the actor
API section can't, because it focuses on a single actor type at a time.

## Reporting Pushed Commits ## {#pushing}

- Role required for pushing: [=write=]
- Role required for reporting a Push: None (because the [=Repository=] itself
    is publishing the Push)

The ForgeFed [=Push=] activity can be used for representing an action
of pushing commits into a [=Repository=]. Two actors are
involved in the process, the *pusher* (usually a person) and the *repository*,
and they may be hosted on different instances.

[=Push=] activities MUST be authored and published by the [=Repository=], not
by the actor that pushed. That actor is specified in the Push's
[=attributedTo=] property.

Upon a successful push, a ForgeFed implementation that publishes a Push
activity MUST provide the [=type=], [=actor=], [=attributedTo=] and [=target=]
properties as described in [[#Push]].

See example in [[#Push]].

## Opening an issue ## {#opening-issue}

Minimal required role: [=report=]

The first step for opening a ticket is to determine to which actor to send the
ticket. We'll refer to this actor as the *ticket tracker*. Given an object
*obj* against which you'd like to open a ticket (e.g. some application's source
code repository), look at the [=ticketsTrackedBy=]
property of *obj*.

-   If `ticketsTrackedBy` isn't specified, then *obj* does't declare a way to
    open tickets via ForgeFed.
-   If `ticketsTrackedBy` is specified and is set to the [=id=] of *obj*
    itself, that means *obj* manages its own tickets, i.e. it is the *ticket
    tracker* to which you'll send the ticket.
-   If `ticketsTrackedBy` is specified and is set to some other object, look at
    the [=tracksTicketsFor=] property of that other object.  If the [=id=] of
    *obj* is listed there under `tracksTicketsFor`, then that other object is
    the *ticket tracker* to which you'll send the ticket.  Implementations
    SHOULD verify this bidirectional reference between the object and the
    tracker, and SHOULD NOT send a ticket if the bidirectional reference isn't
    found.

Now that we've determined the *ticket tracker*, i.e. the actor to whom we'll
send the [=Ticket=], the ticket may be opened using an [=Offer=]
activity in which:

-   [=object=] is the ticket to be opened, it's a [=Ticket=] object with fields
    as described in [[#Ticket]]. It MUST specify at least [=attributedTo=],
    [=summary=] and [=content=], and MUST NOT specify [=id=]. If it specifies a
    [=context=], then it MUST be identical the Offer's [=target=] described
    below.
-   [=target=] is the ticket tracker to which the actor is offering the Ticket
    (e.g. a repository or project etc. under which the ticket will be opened if
    accepted). It MUST be either an actor or a child object. If it's a child
    object, the actor to whom the child object belongs MUST be listed as a
    recipient in the Offer's [=to=] field. If it's an actor, then that actor
    MUST be listed in the `to` field.

The *target actor* MAY then send back an Accept or Reject. The action that has
been taken by the *target actor* is indicated to the ticket author as follows:

-   If a [=Reject=] was sent, it means the ticket hasn't been assigned an
    [=id=] URI by the tracker and isn't being tracked by the tracker
-   If an [=Accept=] was sent, it means the ticket is now tracked and hosted on
    the target's side

In the following example, Luke wants to open a ticket under Aviva's Game Of
Life simulation app:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.example/luke/outbox/02Ljp",
    "type": "Offer",
    "actor": "https://forge.example/luke",
    "to": [
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/team",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/followers"
    ],
    "object": {
        "type": "Ticket",
        "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
        "summary": "Test test test",
        "content": "<p>Just testing</p>",
        "mediaType": "text/html",
        "source": {
            "mediaType": "text/markdown; variant=Commonmark",
            "content": "Just testing"
        }
    },
    "target": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Luke's ticket is opened automatically and Aviva's Game Of Life repository,
which is an actor, automatically sends Luke an Accept activity:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/outbox/096al",
    "type": "Accept",
    "actor": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.example/luke",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/team",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/followers"
    ],
    "object": "https://forge.example/luke/outbox/02Ljp",
    "result": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/issues/113"
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Opening a merge request ## {#opening-mr}

Minimal required role: [=report=]

If actor *A* wishes to submit a Merge Request (MR)/Pull Request (PR)/patch
against a [=Repository=] *R*, it may do so by following these
steps:

1.  Look at *R*'s [=sendPatchesTo=] property: That is the [=PatchTracker=] to
    which the MR needs to be submitted; let's call it *P*
2.  Verify that *P* consents to handling MRs for repository *R* by verifying
    that *R* is listed in *P*'s [=tracksPatchesFor=] property
3.  Publish and deliver, at least to *P*, an [=Offer=] activity in which:
    - [=actor=] is *A*
    - [=target=] is *P*
    - [=object=] is a [=Ticket=] in which:
        * [=id=] isn't specified
        * [=type=] is [=Ticket=]
        * [=attributedTo=] is *A*
        * [=summary=] is a one-line HTML-escaped plain-text title of the MR
        * [=source=] is the MR's description
        * [=content=] is an HTML rendering of the MR's description
        * [=context=], if specified, is *P*
        *   Among the [=attachment=]s there's exactly one of type [=Offer=], in
            which:
            +   [=type=] is [=Offer=]
            +   [=origin=] is the [=Repository=] or [=Branch=] from which the
                proposed changes are proposed to be merged into the target
                repository/branch
            +   [=target=] is the [=Repository=] or [=Branch=] into which the
                changes are proposed to be merged
            +   [=object=] is an [=OrderedCollection=] of [=Patch=] objects in
                reverse chronological order, all of them with:
                -   the same [=mediaType=]
                -   that [=mediaType=] MUST match the Version Control System of
                    the target [=Repository=]
                -   [=attributedTo=] MUST be *A*
            +   At least [=origin=] or [=object=] MUST be provided, both MAY be
                provided

Actor *P* MAY send back an [=Accept=] or [=Reject=]. The action that has been
taken by *P* is indicated to actor *A* as follows:

-   If a [=Reject=] was sent, it mean the MR has been rejected, and isn't being
    tracked by *P*
-   If an [=Accept=] was sent, it means the MR is now tracked by *P*, and its
    [=id=] is indicated by the [=Accept=]'s [=result=]

In the following example, Luke wants to open a Merge Request against a Game Of
Life simulation app:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.example/luke/outbox/uCSW6urN",
    "type": "Offer",
    "actor": "https://forge.example/luke",
    "to": [
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/pr-tracker"
    ],
    "cc": [
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life",
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/followers",
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/repo",
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/repo/followers",
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/pr-tracker/followers"
    ],
    "object": {
        "type": "Ticket",
        "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
        "summary": "Fix the animation bug",
        "content": "<p>Please review, thanks!</p>",
        "mediaType": "text/html",
        "source": {
            "mediaType": "text/markdown; variant=Commonmark",
            "content": "Please review, thanks!"
        },
        "attachment": {
            "type": "Offer",
            "origin": {
                "type": "Branch",
                "context": "https://forge.example/luke/game-of-life",
                "ref": "refs/heads/fix-animation-bug"
            },
            "target": {
                "type": "Branch",
                "context": "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/repo",
                "ref": "refs/heads/main"
            },
            "object": {
                "type": "OrderedCollection",
                "totalItems": 1,
                "items": [
                    {
                        "type": "Patch",
                        "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
                        "mediaType": "application/x-git-patch",
                        "content": "From c9ae5f4ff4a330b6e1196ceb7db1665bd4c1..."
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    },
    "target": "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/pr-tracker"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Luke's MR is opened automatically and the [=PatchTracker=]
sends Luke an Accept activity:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/pr-tracker/outbox/qQfFKwJ8",
    "type": "Accept",
    "actor": "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/pr-tracker",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.example/luke"
    ],
    "cc": [
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life",
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/followers",
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/repo",
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/repo/followers",
        "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/pr-tracker/followers"
    ],
    "object": "https://forge.example/luke/outbox/uCSW6urN",
    "result": "https://dev.example/projects/game-of-life/pr-tracker/pulls/1219"
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Commenting ## {#commenting}

Minimal required role: [=report=]

A comment on a ForgeFed resource object (such as tickets, merge requests) MUST
be published as a [=Create=] activity, in which [=object=] is a [=Note=] with
fields as described in [[#Comment]].

In the following example, Luke replies to Aviva's comment under a merge request
he submitted earlier against her Game Of Life simulation app repository:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
    "id": "https://forge.example/luke/outbox/rLaYo",
    "type": "Create",
    "actor": "https://forge.example/luke",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.example/luke/followers",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/followers",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/team",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/merge-requests/19/followers",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/merge-requests/19/team"
    ],
    "object": {
        "id": "https://forge.example/luke/comments/rD05r",
        "type": "Note",
        "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
        "to": [
            "https://forge.example/luke/followers",
            "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
            "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/followers",
            "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/team",
            "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/merge-requests/19/followers",
            "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/merge-requests/19/team"
        ],
        "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/merge-requests/19",
        "inReplyTo": "https://dev.example/aviva/comments/E9AGE",
        "mediaType": "text/html",
        "content": "<p>Thank you for the review! I'll submit a correction ASAP</p>",
        "source": {
            "mediaType": "text/markdown; variant=Commonmark",
            "content": "Thank you for the review! I'll submit a correction ASAP"
        },
        "published": "2019-11-06T20:49:05.604488Z"
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Granting access to shared resources ## {#managing-access}

Minimal required role: [=admin=]

An actor that wishes to give other specific actors access to view or modify it
(or a child object of it), SHOULD do so according to the following
instructions.

### Object capabilities

#### Introduction #### {#s2s-grant-simple}

An Object Capability (or in short OCap or OCAP) is a token providing access to
certain operations on a certain resource. An actor wishing to act on a resource
provides the token to the resource, alongside the Activity they wish to
perform. The resource verifies the token, and if and only if it finds the token
valid, and access to the requested Activity is allowed by the token, *then* the
resource allows the Activity to be performed.

The token provided by the actor to the resource, i.e. the OCAP, is the ID URI
of a previously published [=Grant=] activity.

The fundamental steps for accessing shared resources using OCAPs are:

1.  The actor managing the resource (which may be the resource itself) sends a
    `Grant` activity to the actor to whom it wishes to grant access
2.  When the actor who received the access wishes to operate on the resource,
    it sends the activity to the actor managing the resource, along with the ID
    URI of the `Grant` sent in step 1
3.  The actor managing the resource verifies the access provided by the `Grant`
    whose ID URI is provided, and allows the activity to be performed only if
    the verification passes

Providing the `Grant` ID URI like that when requesting to interact with a
resource is called an *invocation* of the `Grant`. There is another operation
possible with a `Grant` though: An actor can *delegate* a `Grant` it has
received, i.e. pass on the access, giving it to more actors. Delegation is
covered in a [later section](#s2s-grant-flow); for now let's assume `Grant`s
are used only for invocation. We therefore get the following simplified
validation process.

When an actor *R* receives from actor *A* a request to access/modify a resource
*r*, where the request is expressed as an activity *a* whose
[=capability=] field specifies some other activity *g*, then *R*
can validate *a* (i.e. decide whether or not to perform the requested action)
using the following steps:

1. Resource *r* MUST be a resource that *R* manages (it may be *R* itself)
2. *g*'s [=type=] MUST be [=Grant=]
3. *g*'s [=context=] MUST be *r*
4. *g*'s [=target=] MUST be *A*
5. Verify that *g*'s [=startTime=] <= now < *g*'s [=endTime=]
6. Verify that *g* doesn't specify [=delegates=]
7. *g*'s [=actor=] MUST be *R*
8. Verify that *R* indeed published *g* and considers it an active grant
    (i.e. *R* hasn't disabled/revoked it)
9. *checkLeaf(g):*
    1. *g*'s [=allows=] MUST be [=invoke=]
    2. Actor *A* SHOULD be of a [=type=] to which *R* allows to perform
        activity *a* on resource *r*, i.e. *A* should probably be a [=Person=],
        or some automated service/bot
10. Verify that the action being requested by activity *a* to perform on
    resource *r* is within what *R* permits for the [=Role=] specified by *g*'s
    [=object=]

At this point, activity *a* is considered authorized, and the requested action
may be performed.

#### Direct Granting

When an actor *R*, managing some resource *r*, wishes to allow some other actor
*A* to interact with *r*, under the conditions and permissions specified by
[=Role=] *p*, then actor *R* can send to actor *A* a [=Grant=] activity
with the following properties:

- [=actor=]: Specifies actor *R*
- [=context=]: Specifies resource *r*
- [=target=]: Specifies actor *A*
- [=object=]: Specifies role *p*
- [=startTime=]: (optional) The time at which the Grant becomes valid
- [=endTime=]: (recommended) The time at which the Grant expires
- [=allows=]: Specifies [=invoke=]
- [=delegates=]: Not used

#### Granting the delegate role #### {#grant-delegate}

A special case of direct granting is *granting permission to delegate*: If role
*p* is [=delegate=], then the `Grant` [=actor=] is allowing the
[=target=] to delegate `Grant`s to the [=actor=], i.e. to send `Grant`s meant
for delegation or `Grants` that are themselves delegations of other `Grant`s
(either start a chain, or extend a chain that some other actor started). More
on delegation in the next sections.

When an actor *A* wishes to allow some other actor *R* to delegate `Grant`s to
actor *A*, then actor *A* can send to actor *R* a [=Grant=] activity
with the following properties:

- [=actor=]: Specifies actor *A*
- [=context=]: Specifies actor *A*
- [=target=]: Specifies actor *R*
- [=object=]: Specifies [=delegate=]
- [=startTime=]: (optional) The time at which the Grant becomes valid
- [=endTime=]: (recommended) The time at which the Grant expires
- [=allows=]: Specifies [=invoke=]
- [=delegates=]: Not used

#### Starting a delegation chain #### {#start-grant-chain}

When an actor *R*, managing some resource *r*, wishes to allow or request some
other actor *A* to delegate some access-to-*r*-under-role-*p* to certain (or
any) other actors that *A* knows, then actor *R* can send to actor *A* a
[=Grant=] activity with the following properties:

- [=actor=]: Specifies actor *R*
- [=context=]: Specifies resource *r*
- [=target=]: Specifies actor *A*
- [=object=]: Specifies role *p*
- [=startTime=]: (optional) The time at which the Grant becomes valid
- [=endTime=]: (recommended) The time at which the Grant expires
- [=allows=]: Specifies the conditions under which actor *A* may
    delegate this `Grant` (i.e. conditions under which actor *R* will consider
    the delegation valid when verifying the chain), and what the recipients of
    the delegtaions that *A* will send (which are themselves `Grant` activites)
    are allowed to do with these `Grants` (invoke? further delegate to certain
    other actors?)
- [=delegates=]: Not used
- [=capability=]: *(optional)* Specifies a
    [[#grant-delegate|delegate Grant]] previously given by *A* to *R*

The following cases are supported in ForgeFed for starting a delegation chain.
The term 'component' used below refers to a forge related service actor. This
may be a service of a [=type=] defined in ForgeFed (such as
[=Repository=], [=TicketTracker=],
[=PatchTracker=]), or a service defined in some extension.

1. [=actor=] is a component, [=target=] is a [=Project=]
    - Scenario: A component delegates access-to-a-resource-it-manages (which is
        often simply itself) to a project to which the component belongs
    - [=allows=] value to use: [=gatherAndConvey=]
    - Conditions for the target project:
        * It SHOULD delegate the `Grant`, allowing only `gatherAndConvey`, to
            its own parent projects
        * It SHOULD delegate the `Grant`, allowing only `distribute`, to teams
            to which it allows to access it
        * It SHOULD delegate the `Grant`, allowing only `invoke`, to people and
            bots to which it allows to access it
        * It SHOULD NOT make any other delegation of this `Grant`, and SHOULD
            NOT invoke it
2. [=actor=] is a [=Project=], [=target=] is a parent [=Project=] of it
    - Scenario: A project delegates access-to-a-resource-itself to its parent
        project
    - [=allows=] value to use: Same as 1
    - Conditions for the target project: Same as 1
3. [=actor=] is a component, [=target=] is a [=Team=]
    - Scenario: A component delegates access-to-a-resource-it-manages to a team
        that has been approved to access the component
    - [=allows=] value to use: [=distribute=]
    - Conditions for the target team:
        * It SHOULD delegate the `Grant`, allowing `distribute` only, to its
            subteams
        * It SHOULD delegate the `Grant`, allowing `invoke` only, to its
            members
        * It SHOULD NOT make any other delegation of this `Grant`, and SHOULD
            NOT invoke it
4. [=actor=] is a [=Project=], [=target=] is a [=Team=]
    - Scenario: A project delegates access-to-itself to a team that has been
        approved to access the project
    - [=allows=] value to use: Same as 3
    - Conditions for the target project: Same as 3

#### Extending a delegation chain

When an actor *A* receives a [=Grant=] activity *g* where the
[=target=] is *A*, and wishes to pass on the granted access to some other actor
*B* (who isn't the [=actor=] of that `Grant`), then actor *A* can do so by
sending to actor *B* a new `Grant` activity *h* in which:

- [=actor=] is actor *A*
- [=context=] (i.e. the resource) is same as *g*'s [=context=]
- [=target=] is actor *B*
- [=object=] (i.e. the granted role) is either *g*'s [=object=] or a
    lower-access role than *g*'s [=object=], i.e. provides a subset of the
    permissions that *g*'s [=object=] provides (the latter case is called
    *attenuation*)
- [=startTime=]: *(optional)* The time at which this Grant becomes valid
- [=endTime=]: *(recommended)* The time at which this Grant expires
- [=allows=]: Specifies the conditions under which actor *B* may
    delegate this `Grant` (i.e. conditions under which the delegation will be
    considered valid when verifying the chain), and what the recipients of
    the delegtaions that *B* will send (which are themselves `Grant` activites)
    are allowed to do with these `Grants` (invoke? further delegate to certain
    other actors?)
- [=delegates=] is activity *g*
- [=capability=]: *(optional)* Specifies a
    [delegate Grant](#grant-delegate) previously given by *B* to *A*
- [=result=]: a URI that will be used later to verify that *h* is still active
    and hasn't been revoked. Alternatively, an object with [=id=] and
    [=duration=] as described below.

The [=result=] URI MUST be provided whenever extending a delegation chain. It
MUST be a URI that actor *A* controls, i.e. decides what will be returned by
HTTP requests to that URI. Requirements:

- From the moment that actor *A* publishes activity *h*, as long as actor *A*
    considers *h* an active `Grant` and hasn't revoked it, any HTTP HEAD or HTTP
    GET request the [=result=] URI MUST return an HTTP response status 204 or 200.
- If later activity *h* is revoked, or actor *A* is deleted, then from the
    moment that actor *A* considers *h* deactivated, any HTTP HEAD or HTTP GET
    request to the [=result=] URI MUST NOT return an HTTP response status in the
    200-299 range. The response status SHOULD be 410 or 404.

[=result=] MAY instead specify a JSON object in which:

- [=id=] is the URI as described above
- *(optional)* [=duration=] specifies a duration that allows the recovation URI
    check to be skipped, if the duration hasn't yet passed since the last check
    of the URI. If [=duration=] is specified, it MUST be positive and include
    only an integral number of seconds that is less than `2^63`, and no other
    component. In other words, its format is: The string "PT", then the
    integer, then the string "S".

In the following cases, *g* is a *request* for actor *A* to extend the
delegation chain, and actor *A* SHOULD extend the chain by sending `Grant`
activities, as described for each case.

The term 'component' used below refers to a forge related service actor. This
may be a service of a [=type=] defined in ForgeFed (such as
[=Repository=], [=TicketTracker=],
[=PatchTracker=]), or a service defined in some extension.

1. Actor *A* is a [=Project=], AND *g*'s [=actor=] is either a
    [=component=] of *A* or a [=subproject=] of
    *A*, AND *g*'s [=allows=] is a single value
    [=gatherAndConvey=]
    - Scenario: Project *A* received some access from a component/subproject of
        it, and is requested to pass it on its member people, to its member
        teams, and to its parent projects
    - Requirements for extending the delegation chain:
        1. For each parent project *P* of project *A*, project *A* SHOULD
            publish and deliver to *P* a `Grant` activity in which:
            - [=actor=] is project *A*
            - [=context=] (i.e. the resource) is same as *g*'s [=context=]
            - [=target=] is project *P*
            - [=object=] (i.e. the granted role) is either *g*'s [=object=] or
                a lower-access role than *g*'s [=object=]
            - [=allows=] is a single value [=gatherAndConvey=]
            - [=delegates=] is activity *g*
            - [=capability=]: *(optional)* Specifies a
                [delegate Grant](#grant-delegate) previously given by *P* to *A*
            - [=result=]: a URI that will be used later to verify that *h* is
                still active and hasn't been revoked, or a JSON object as
                describes above

        2. For each team *T* that project *A* considers a member team with role
            *p*, project *A* SHOULD publish and deliver to *T* a `Grant`
            activity in which:
            - [=actor=] is project *A*
            - [=context=] (i.e. the resource) is same as *g*'s [=context=]
            - [=target=] is team *T*
            - [=object=] (i.e. the granted role) is the lower-access role
                among *g*'s [=object=] and *p*
            - [=allows=] is a single value [=distribute=]
            - [=delegates=] is activity *g*
            - [=capability=]: *(optional)* Specifies a
                [delegate Grant](#grant-delegate) previously given by *T* to *A*
            - [=result=]: a URI that will be used later to verify that *h* is
                still active and hasn't been revoked, or a JSON object as
                describes above

        3. For each [=Person=] or automated service bot *M* (that isn't a team)
            that project *A* considers a member with role *p*, project *A*
            SHOULD publish and deliver to *M* a `Grant` activity in which:
            - [=actor=] is project *A*
            - [=context=] (i.e. the resource) is same as *g*'s [=context=]
            - [=target=] is actor *M*
            - [=object=] (i.e. the granted role) is the lower-access role
                among *g*'s [=object=] and *p*
            - [=allows=] is a single value [=invoke=]
            - [=delegates=] is activity *g*
            - [=capability=]: *(optional)* Specifies a
                [delegate Grant](#grant-delegate) previously given by *M* to *A*
            - [=result=]: a URI that will be used later to verify that *h* is
                still active and hasn't been revoked, or a JSON object as
                describes above

        4. Project *A* MUST NOT make any other delegations of *g*, and SHOULD
            NOT try to invoke it

2. Actor *A* is a [=Team=], AND *g*'s [=actor=] is either a
    component/[=Project=] in which *A* is a member or a
    parent team (see [=subteams=]) of *A*, AND *g*'s [=allows=] is a
    single value [=distribute=]
    - Scenario: Team *A* received some access from a component/project that
        considers *A* a member team, or from a parent team of *A*, and *A* is
        requested to pass it on its member people and to its subteams
    - Requirements for extending the delegation chain:
        1. For each team *T* that team *A* considers a
            [=subteam=], team *A* SHOULD publish and deliver to *T*
            a `Grant` activity in which:
            - [=actor=] is team *A*
            - [=context=] (i.e. the resource) is same as *g*'s [=context=]
            - [=target=] is team *T*
            - [=object=] (i.e. the granted role) is the same as
                *g*'s [=object=]
            - [=allows=] is a single value [=distribute=]
            - [=delegates=] is activity *g*
            - [=capability=]: *(optional)* Specifies a
                [delegate Grant](#grant-delegate) previously given by *T* to *A*

        2. For each [=Person=] or automated service bot *M* (that isn't a team)
            that team *A* considers a member with role *p*, team *A*
            SHOULD publish and deliver to *M* a `Grant` activity in which:
            - [=actor=] is team *A*
            - [=context=] (i.e. the resource) is same as *g*'s [=context=]
            - [=target=] is actor *M*
            - [=object=] (i.e. the granted role) is the lower-access role
                among *g*'s [=object=] and *p*
            - [=allows=] is a single value [=invoke=]
            - [=delegates=] is activity *g*
            - [=capability=]: *(optional)* Specifies a
                [delegate Grant](#grant-delegate) previously given by *M* to *A*

        3. Team *A* MUST NOT make any other delegations of *g*, and SHOULD NOT
            try to invoke it

#### Revoking a Grant #### {#s2s-revoke}

At any point after an actor *A* publishes a [[#Grant]] in which it
grants some actor *B* access to a resource that actor *A* manages, actor *A*
MAY cancel that `Grant`, deciding it's no longer a valid OCAP to use via the
[=capability=] property of activies that actor *B* sends.

If actor *A* cancels such a `Grant`, it SHOULD publish and deliver, at least to
actor *B*, a [=Revoke=] activity notifying about the canceled
`Grant`. In the `Revoke` activity, actor *A* MUST specify the Grants being
revoked, via the [=object=] property, where each Grant is specified in one of
the following ways:

1. The Grant is specified by its `id` URI
2. The whole Grant activity object is provided, and MUST contain an
    [[fep-8b32|integrity proof]]

Additional requirements:

- Implementations displaying a `Revoke` activity or an interpretation of it in
    a human interface MUST examine the `Revoke`'s [=object=] property if it is
    present, check if any of the `Grant`s listed are delegations, and communicate
    that detail in the human interface

Once actor *A* publishes the `Revoke`, it MUST from now on refuse to execute
requests from actor *B* to access resources that actor *A* manages, coming as
activities that specify any of the canceled `Grant`s in the `capability`
property. If actor *A* receives such an activity from actor *B*, it SHOULD
publish and send back a [=Reject=] activity, whose [=object=] specifies the
activity that actor *B* sent.

If the `Grant` that actor *A* is revoking specifies a [=result=], then from now
on any HTTP HEAD request to the URI specified by [=result=] MUST NOT return an
HTTP response status in the 200-299 range. The returned status SHOULD be 410
or 404. See [Extending a delegation chain](#extending-a-delegation-chain) for
more information.

#### Verifying an invocation #### {#s2s-grant-flow}

A [previous section](#s2s-grant-simple) described *direct* usage of
[=Grant=]s, where the *resource actor* gives some access to a *target
actor*, and the *target actor* then uses it to interact with the resource.
Another way to give authorization is via delegation chains:

- The *resource actor* passes access to a *target actor*, allowing (or
    requesting) the *target actor* to pass this access (or reduced access) on to
    more actors
- If authorized by the delegation, those actors may further pass on the access
    (possibly reduced)
- Eventually, an actor that received such a delegation may use it to access the
    resource

Access is delegated using [=Grant=] activities as well, using the
[=delegates=] property to point from each `Grant` in the chain to
the previous one. The "direct" `Grant` discussed earlier is simply a delegation
chain of length 1.

When an actor *R* receives from actor *A* a request to access/modify a resource
*r*, where the request is expressed as an activity *a* whose
[=capability=] field specifies some other activity *g*, then *R*
can validate *a* (i.e. decide whether or not to perform the requested action)
using the following steps.

*R* begins by verifying that resource *r* is indeed a resource that *R* manages
(it may be *R* itself). Otherwise, verification has failed.

*R* proceeds by collecting the delegation chain in a list, by traversing the
chain backwards from the leaf all the way to the beginning of the chain. The
traversal starts with the list *L* being empty, and *R* examines activity *g*:

1. *g*'s [=type=] MUST be [=Grant=]
2. *g*'s [=context=] MUST be *r*
3. *g*'s [=target=] MUST be *A*
4. *g* MUST NOT already be listed in *L*
5. Verify that *g*'s [=startTime=] <= now < *g*'s [=endTime=]
6. Look at *g*'s [=delegates=]:
    - If *g* doesn't specify [=delegates=]:
        1. *g*'s [=actor=] MUST be *R*
        2. Verify that *R* indeed published *g* and considers it an active
            grant (i.e. *R* hasn't disabled/revoked it)
        3. Prepend *g* to the beginning of *L*, resulting with new list *M*
        4. We're done with the traversal step, the output is *M*
    - If *g*'s [=delegates=] is some activity *h*:
        1. *g*'s [=actor=] MUST NOT be *R*
        2. *g* MUST specify exactly one [=result=] URI
        3. Verify the [=result=]:
            - If it's an object with [=duration=] specified, and this duration
                of time hasn't yet passed since the last check, proceed without
                checking the URI
            - Otherwise, send an HTTP HEAD request to the URI, The HTTP
                response status MUST be 200 or 204
        4. Prepend *g* to the beginning of *L*, resulting with new list *M*
        5. Continue traversal by going back to step 1, but with *M* being the
            list, and with *g*'s [=actor=] instead of *A*, and now examining
            activity *h*

Issue: "Going back to step 1" refers to the top-level list item; should
probably tweak the CSS to display nested lists differently.

*R* proceeds by traversing the resulting list *L* from the beginning forward,
all the way to the leaf, validating and tracking attenuation in each step. *R*
starts this by examining the first item in *L*, let's call this item *g*:

1. Let *p* be *g*'s [=object=]
2. Examine *g*'s position in *L*:
    - If *g* is the last item in *L*:
        1. Perform *checkLeaf* on *g* (see below)
        2. Verify that the action being requested by activity *a* to perform on
            resource *r* is within what *R* permits for [=Role=] *p*.
        3. We're done with the traversal!
    - Otherwise:
        1. Let *h* be the next item after *g* in *L*
        2. Let *q* be *h*'s [=object=]
        3. The permissions that role *q* allows on resource *r* MUST be
            identical to or a subset of the permissios that role *p* allows on
            *r*
        4. Perform *checkItem* on *(g, h)* (see below)
        5. Continue traversal by going back to step 2, but with *h* instead of
            *g* and *q* instead of *p*

Issue: "Step 2" refers to the top-level one, need to tweak CSS for lists

The steps *checkLeaf* and *checkItem* mentioned above MAY be extended by
implementations, by using custom values in the [=allows=] property.
But here are the standard definitions, using the values defined in ForgeFed:

*checkLeaf (g):*

1. *g*'s [=allows=] MUST be [=invoke=]
2. *g*'s [=target=] (which is actor *A*, the sender of activity *a*) SHOULD be
    an actor of a [=type=] to which *R* allows to perform activity *a* on
    resource *r*, i.e. *A* should probably be a [=Person=], or some automated
    service/bot

*checkItem (g, h):*

1. *g* MUST specify exactly one value for [=allows=]
2. That value MUST be either [=gatherAndConvey=] or [=distribute=]
    - If it's [=gatherAndConvey=]:
        1. *g*'s [=target=] MUST be a [=Project=]
    - If it's [=distribute=]:
        1. *g*'s [=target=] MUST be a [=Team=]
        2. *h*'s [=allows=] MUST be either [=distribute=]
            or [=invoke=]

At this point, activity *a* is considered authorized, and the requested action
may be performed.

#### Identifying resources and their managing actors #### {#manager}

Some shared resources are themselves actors. Some shared resources aren't
actors, but they are child objects of actors. When some actor *A* wishes to
access a resource *R* and perform a certain operation, it needs to determine
which actor to contact in order to request that operation. Actor *A* then looks
at resource *R*, and the following MUST hold:

- Either the resource *R* isn't an actor (i.e. doesn't have an [=inbox=]) but
    does specify which actor manages it via the [=managedBy=] property;
- Or the resource *R* is an actor, i.e. it has an [=inbox=] (it doesn't have to
    specify [=managedBy=], but if it does, then it MUST refer to itself)

Therefore any object that wishes to be specified as the [=context=] of a
[=Grant=] MUST either be an actor or be [=managedBy=] an
actor.

#### Invoking a Grant

Invoking a [=Grant=] means using the `Grant` to authorize a request to
access or modify some resource. If some actor *A* wishes to access or modify a
resource *r*, using a `Grant` activity *g* for authorization, preconditions
for a successful invocation include:

- *g*'s [=target=] is actor *A*
- *g*'s [=context=] is either the resource *r*, or a resource in which *r* is
    contained, or the actor that [=managedBy|manages=] *r*
- *g*'s [=object=] is a [=Role=] that permits the kind of operation
    that actor *A* is requesting to do on resource *r*
- *g*'s [=allows=] is [=invoke=]
- *g*'s [=startTime=] <= now < *g*'s [=endTime=]

When actor *A* sends the activity *a* that requests to access or modify
resource *r*, it can use *g* for authorization by specifying its [=id=] URI in
the [=capability=] property of activity *a*.

To have a chance to access resource *r*, actor *A* needs to deliver activity
*a* to the actor that manages *r*. [See above](#manager) instructions for
determining who that actor is.

#### Time Bounds

A [=Grant=] activity MUST be considered valid for invocation (or as a valid
link in a delegation chain) if and only if the current time, at the time of
invocation, is within the time bounds defined by the [=Grant=]:

1. A [=Grant=] MAY specify a [=startTime=]: The time at which the Grant becomes
    valid. If specified, the [=Grant=] is valid only if the time of invocation
    is equal or greater than the [=startTime=]
2. A [=Grant=] SHOULD specify an [=endTime=]: The time at which the Grant
    expires. If specified, the [=Grant=] is valid only if the time of
    invocation is less than the [=endTime=]

Suggested default for picking the [=endTime=]: 6 months after publishing the
[=Grant=].

### Granting access

#### Initial Grant upon resource creation

When an actor *A* requests to create a new shared resource *R*, and the
*resource actor* approves and creates it, then the *resource actor* SHOULD send
a `Grant` to actor *A*, which provides actor *A* with access to resource *R*.

The [=Role=] specified by the [=Grant=]'s [=object=] MUST be [=admin=], which
means full access to *R*, including the ability to gives access-to-*R* to more
actors (using an [=Invite=] activity, see below).

If such a `Grant` is sent by the *resource actor* upon the creation of resource
*R*, then the `Grant`'s [=fulfills=] property MUST be provided and
specify the ID URI of the activity (published by actor *A*) that requested to
create resource *R* (typically this would be a [=Create=] activity, see
[Object Publishing and Hosting](#publishing)).

If *R* is a [=Project=] or a [=Team=], additional steps occur:

1. *A*, seeing *R*'s Grant, publishes a [[#grant-delegate|delegate-Grant]]
    in which the [=target=] is *R* and [=capability=] is *R*'s Grant
2. From now on, whenever *R* wishes to
    [[#extending-a-delegation-chain|extend a Grant chain]] to *A*, it uses
    *A*'s delegate-Grant as the [=capability=]

#### Offering access using Invite activities

When an actor *A* wishes to offer actor *B* access to resource *R* (where the
*resource actor* who manages *R* is neither *A* nor *B*), then actor *A* SHOULD
use an [=Invite=] activity, and the following steps:

1. Actor *A* publishes and delivers an [=Invite=], at least to actor
    *B* and to the *resource actor* of *R*, with a relevant
    [=capability=] (see [[#Invite]] for details on the properties to use)
2. If actor *B* wishes to have the offered access, it publishes and delivers
    (at least to the *resource actor* of *R*) an [=Accept=] activity whose
    [=object=] specifies the `Invite` sent by actor *A*
3. The *resource actor* of *R* receives the `Invite` and the `Accept` and:
    1. Verifies the `Invite` is authorized, as described above in
        [Verifying an invocation](#s2s-grant-flow)
    2. Verifies that the `Accept`'s [=object=] specifies the `Invite` and the
        `Accept`'s [=actor=] is the `Invite`'s [=object=]
    3. Publishes and delivers a [=Grant=] activity (see
        [[#Grant]] for more details on the properties) where:
        - [=object=] is the `Invite`'s [=instrument=]
        - [=context=] is the `Invite`'s [=target=], which is resource *R*
        - [=target=] is the `Invite`'s [=object=], which is actor *B*
        - [=fulfills=] is the `Invite`
        - [=allows=] is [=invoke=]
        - [=delegates=] isn't specified
4. *B* is now considered a collaborator in *R*!
5. If *R* is a [=Project=] or a [=Team=], additional steps occur:
    1. *B*, seeing *R*'s Grant, publishes a [[#grant-delegate|delegate-Grant]]
        in which the [=target=] is *R* and [=capability=] is *R*'s Grant
    2. From now on, whenever *R* wishes to
        [[#extending-a-delegation-chain|extend a Grant chain]] to *B*, it uses
        *B*'s delegate-Grant as the [=capability=]

Actor *B* can now use the URI of that new `Grant` as the
[=capability=] when it sends activities that access or
manipulate resource *R*.

#### Requesting access using Join activities

When an actor *A* wishes to request access to resource *R* (where the *resource
actor* who manages *R* isn't *A*), then actor *A* SHOULD use a
[=Join=] activity, and the following steps. There are two options detailed
below, depending on whether actor *A* has been previously given a
[=Grant=] authorizing it to gain access to resource *R* without
needing someone else to approve. For example, perhaps actor *A* already has
some access to a resource collection to which *R* belongs, and that access
allows *A* to freely `Join` *R* without needing to wait for human approval.

**Option 1: Actor *A* already has a `Grant` allowing it to gain access to *R*
without external approval:**

1. Actor *A* publishes and delivers a [=Join=], at least to the
    *resource actor* of *R*, with the relevant [=capability=] it
    has (see [[#Join]] for details on the properties
    to use)
2. The *resource actor* of *R* receives the `Join` and:
    1. Verifies the `Join` is authorized, as described above in
        [Verifying an invocation](#s2s-grant-flow)
    2. Publishes and delivers a [=Grant=] activity (see
        [[#Grant]] for more details on the
        properties) where:
        - [=object=] is the `Join`'s [=instrument=]
        - [=context=] is the `Join`'s [=object=], which is resource *R*
        - [=target=] is the `Join`'s [=actor=], which is actor *A*
        - [=fulfills=] is the `Join`
3. *A* is now considered a collaborator in *R*!
4. If *R* is a [=Project=] or a [=Team=], additional steps occur:
    1. *A*, seeing *R*'s Grant, publishes a [[#grant-delegate|delegate-Grant]]
        in which the [=target=] is *R* and [=capability=] is *R*'s Grant
    2. From now on, whenever *R* wishes to
        [[#extending-a-delegation-chain|extend a Grant chain]] to *A*, it uses
        *A*'s delegate-Grant as the [=capability=]

Actor *A* can now use the URI of that new `Grant` as the
[=capability=] when it sends activities that access or
manipulate resource *R*.

**Option 2: Actor *A* doesn't have (or chooses not to use) a `Grant` allowing
it to gain access to *R* without external approval:**

1. Actor *A* publishes and delivers a [=Join=], at least to the
    *resource actor* of *R* (see [[#Join]] for
    details on the properties to use)
2. If some actor *B*, that has previously received a `Grant` from the *resource
    actor* of *R* authorizing it to approve joins, sees the `Join` sent by actor
    *A* and decides to approve it, then actor *B* publishes and delivers (at
    least to the *resource actor* of *R*) an [=Accept=] activity where:
      - [=object=] specifies the `Join` sent by actor *A*
      - [=capability=] is the `Grant` mentioned above,
        authorizing to approve or deny Joins
3. The *resource actor* of *R* receives the `Join` and the `Accept` and:
    1. Verifies the `Accept` is authorized, as described above in
        [Verifying an invocation](#s2s-grant-flow)
    2. Verifies that the `Accept`'s [=object=] specifies the `Join`
    3. Publishes and delivers a [=Grant=] activity (see
        [[#Grant]] for more details on the properties) where:
        - [=object=] is the `Join`'s [=instrument=]
        - [=context=] is the `Join`'s [=object=], which is resource *R*
        - [=target=] is the `Join`'s [=actor=], which is actor *A*
        - [=fulfills=] is the `Join`
4. *A* is now considered a collaborator in *R*!
5. If *R* is a [=Project=] or a [=Team=], additional steps occur:
    1. *A*, seeing *R*'s Grant, publishes a [[#grant-delegate|delegate-Grant]]
        in which the [=target=] is *R* and [=capability=] is *R*'s Grant
    2. From now on, whenever *R* wishes to
        [[#extending-a-delegation-chain|extend a Grant chain]] to *A*, it uses
        *A*'s delegate-Grant as the [=capability=]

Actor *A* can now use the URI of that new `Grant` as the
[=capability=] when it sends activities that access or
manipulate resource *R*.

In step 2, actor *B* may choose to deny the request of actor *A*, by sending a
[=Reject=] activity (at least to the *resource actor* of *R*) where:

- [=object=] specifies the `Join` that actor *A* sent
- [=capability=] is the `Grant` mentioned in step 2, authorizing
    actor *B* to approve or deny Joins

If the *resource actor* of *R* receives the `Reject`:

1. It MUST verify the `Reject` is authorized, as described above in
    [Verifying an invocation](#s2s-grant-flow)
2. it MUST verify that the `Reject`'s [=object=] specifies the `Join`
2. Consider this `Join` request canceled: If actor *B*, or some other actor
    *C*, tries again to `Accept` the `Join`, then:
      1. The *resource actor* MUST NOT send a `Grant` to actor *A*, even if the
            `Accept` is authorized
      2. The *resource actor* MAY publish and deliver a `Reject` activity, at
            least to the actor that sent the `Accept`, where [=object=] specifies
            the `Accept`
4. It SHOULD publish and deliver a `Reject` activity, at least to actor *A*,
    where [=object=] specifies the `Join` that actor *A* sent

So, once a `Join` is rejected (using an authorized `Reject`), it cannot be
accepted. But actor *A* MAY send a new `Join`, which could then possibly get
accepted.

### Revoking access

#### Taking away access using Remove activities

When an actor *A* wishes to cancel the membership of another actor *B* (who
isn't *A*) in a shared resource *R*, invalidating any active
[[#Grant]]s that the *resource actor* of *R* has granted to actor
*B*, then actor *A* SHOULD use a [=Remove=] activity, and the following steps:

1. Actor *A* publishes and delivers a [=Remove=], at least to actor
    *B* and to the *resource actor* of *R*, with a relevant
    [=capability=] (see [[#Remove]]
    for details on the properties to use)
2. The *resource actor* of *R* receives the `Remove` and:
    1. Verifies the `Remove` is authorized, as described above in
        [Verifying an invocation](#s2s-grant-flow)
    2. Verifies that actor *B* indeed has active `Grant`s for accessing
        resource *R*
    3. Marks those Grants as disabled in its internal state
    4. Publishes and delivers a [[#Revoke]] activity, as described
        above in [Revoking a Grant](#s2s-revoke), where
        [=fulfills=] specifies the `Remove`

Actor *B* SHOULD no longer use the URI of any `Grant` that has been disabled as
the [=capability=] when it sends activities that access or
manipulate resource *R*.

#### Waiving access using Leave activities

When an actor *A* wishes to cancel their membership in a shared resource *R*
(where the *resource actor* who manages *R* isn't *A*), invalidating any active
[[#Grant]]s that the *resource actor* of *R* has granted to actor
*A*, then actor *A* SHOULD use a [=Leave=] activity, and the following steps:

1. Actor *A* publishes and delivers a [=Leave=], at least to the
    *resource actor* of *R* (see [[#Leave]] for
    details on the properties to use)
2. The *resource actor* of *R* receives the `Leave` and:
    1. Verifies that actor *A* indeed has active `Grant`s for accessing
        resource *R*
    2. Marks those Grants as disabled in its internal state
    3. Publishes and delivers a [[#Revoke]] activity, as described
        above in [Revoking a Grant](#s2s-revoke), where
        [=fulfills=] specifies the `Leave`

Actor *A* SHOULD no longer use the URI of any `Grant` that has been disabled as
the [=capability=] when it sends activities that access or
manipulate resource *R*.

#### Requesting to disable specific Grants using Undo

When an actor *A* wishes to deactivate a specific [[#Grant]] activity
(or multiple `Grant`s), providing access to view or manipulate some resource
*R* (where the *resource actor* of *R* isn't *A*), then actor *A* SHOULD use an
[=Undo=] activity, and the following steps. The actor *B* to whom
access-to-resource-*R* was given by the `Grant` may be actor *A* itself, or
some other actor, as long as actor *A* is authorized by the *resource actor* of
*R* to deactivate that `Grant`.

NOTE: Upon a successful `Undo`, if actor *B* doesn't have any active `Grants`
left, that allow access to resource *R*, then the *resource actor* of *R* MAY
remove actor *B*'s membership in *R*, or it MAY consider actor *B* a member
without access.

1. Actor *A* publishes and delivers an [=Undo=], at least to the
    *resource actor* of *R* (see [[#undo-grant]] for
    details on the properties to use)
2. The *resource actor* of *R* receives the `Undo` and:
    1. Verifies the `Undo` is authorized, as described above in
        [Verifying an invocation](#s2s-grant-flow)
    2. Verifies that actor *B* indeed has all the active `Grant`s for accessing
        resource *R*, that are listed as [=object=]s of the `Undo` (if more than
        one `Grant` is listed, the [=target=] of all the `Grant`s MUST be
        identical)
    3. Marks all of those Grants as disabled in its internal state
    4. Publishes and delivers a [[#Revoke]] activity, at least to
        actors *A* and *B*, as described above in
        [Revoking a Grant](#s2s-revoke), where:
          - [=object=] MUST specify all the deactivated `Grant`s
          - [=fulfills=] MUST specify the `Undo`

Actor *B* SHOULD no longer use the URI of any `Grant` that has been disabled as
the [=capability=] when it sends activities that access or
manipulate resource *R*.

### Example

Aviva creates a new [=Repository=] for her 3D Tree Growth
Simulation software:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.community/users/aviva/outbox/oU6QGAqr-create-treesim",
    "type": "Create",
    "actor": "https://forge.community/users/aviva",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/users/aviva/followers"
    ],
    "object": {
        "id": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
        "type": "Repository",
        "name": "Tree Growth 3D Simulation",
        "summary": "A graphical simulation of trees growing"
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

The newly created *treesim* `Repository` automatically sends back a `Grant` to
Aviva, allowing her full access to the repo:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/outbox/2NwyPWMX-grant-admin-to-aviva",
    "type": "Grant",
    "actor": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/aviva",
        "https://forge.community/aviva/followers"
    ],
    "object": "admin",
    "context": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "target": "https://forge.community/aviva",
    "fulfills": "https://forge.community/users/aviva/outbox/oU6QGAqr-create-treesim",
    "allows": "invoke",
    "endTime": "2023-12-31T23:00:00-08:00"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Aviva can now use this `Grant`, e.g. to update the repo's description text:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.community/users/aviva/outbox/RmTygyuj",
    "type": "Update",
    "actor": "https://forge.community/users/aviva",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/users/aviva/followers",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/followers"
    ],
    "object": {
        "id": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
        "type": "Repository",
        "name": "Tree Growth 3D Simulation",
        "summary": "Tree growth 3D simulator for my nature exploration game"
    },
    "capability": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/outbox/2NwyPWMX-grant-admin-to-aviva"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Aviva wants to keep track of events related to the *treesim* repo:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
    "id": "https://forge.community/users/aviva/outbox/gqtpAhm2",
    "type": "Follow",
    "actor": "https://forge.community/users/aviva",
    "to": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "object": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
}
</xmp>
</div>

Aviva can invite Luke to have access to the *treesim* repo:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.community/users/aviva/outbox/qfrEGqnC-invite-luke",
    "type": "Invite",
    "actor": "https://forge.community/users/aviva",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/aviva/followers",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/followers",
        "https://software.site/people/luke",
        "https://software.site/people/luke/followers"
    ],
    "instrument": "maintain",
    "target": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "object": "https://software.site/people/luke",
    "capability": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/outbox/2NwyPWMX-grant-admin-to-aviva"
}
</xmp>
</div>

And it appears that Luke accepts the invitation:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://software.site/people/luke/activities/mEYYmt8u",
    "type": "Accept",
    "actor": "https://software.site/people/luke",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/aviva",
        "https://forge.community/aviva/followers",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/followers",
        "https://software.site/people/luke/followers"
    ],
    "object": "https://forge.community/users/aviva/outbox/qfrEGqnC-invite-luke"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Seeing the `Invite` and the `Accept`, the *treesim* repo sends Luke a `Grant`
giving him the access that Aviva offered, and which he accepted:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/outbox/D5uod3pz-grant-maintainer-to-luke",
    "type": "Grant",
    "actor": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/aviva",
        "https://forge.community/aviva/followers",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/followers",
        "https://software.site/people/luke",
        "https://software.site/people/luke/followers"
    ],
    "object": "maintain",
    "context": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "target": "https://software.site/people/luke",
    "fulfills": "https://forge.community/users/aviva/outbox/qfrEGqnC-invite-luke",
    "allows": "invoke",
    "endTime": "2023-12-31T23:00:00-08:00"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Luke can now use this `Grant`, e.g. to delete some old obsolete branch of the
*treesim* repo:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://software.site/people/luke/activities/vShj2aIe",
    "type": "Delete",
    "actor": "https://software.site/people/luke",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/followers",
        "https://software.site/people/luke/followers"
    ],
    "object": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/branches/fixes-for-release-0.1.3",
    "origin": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "capability": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/outbox/D5uod3pz-grant-maintainer-to-luke"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Celine requests to have developer access to the *treesim* repo:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.online/@celine/sent/v5Qvd6bB-celine-join",
    "type": "Join",
    "actor": "https://dev.online/@celine",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/followers",
        "https://dev.online/@celine/followers"
    ],
    "object": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "instrument": "write"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Aviva sees the `Join` request, talks with Celine and decides to approve her
request:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.community/users/aviva/outbox/PzRtDydu",
    "type": "Accept",
    "actor": "https://forge.community/users/aviva",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/followers",
        "https://dev.online/@celine",
        "https://dev.online/@celine/followers"
    ],
    "object": "https://dev.online/@celine/sent/v5Qvd6bB-celine-join",
    "capability": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/outbox/2NwyPWMX-grant-admin-to-aviva"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Seeing the `Join` and the `Accept`, the *treesim* repo sends Celine a `Grant`
giving her the access that she requested, and which Aviva approved:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/outbox/D5uod3pz-grant-developer-to-celine",
    "type": "Grant",
    "actor": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "to": [
        "https://forge.community/aviva",
        "https://forge.community/repos/treesim/followers",
        "https://dev.online/@celine",
        "https://dev.online/@celine/followers"
    ],
    "object": "write",
    "context": "https://forge.community/repos/treesim",
    "target": "https://dev.online/@celine",
    "fulfills": "https://dev.online/@celine/sent/v5Qvd6bB-celine-join",
    "allows": "invoke",
    "endTime": "2023-12-31T23:00:00-08:00"
}
</xmp>
</div>

Celine can now use this `Grant` to access the *treesim* repo.

## Associating Projects and Components

Minimal required role: [=admin=]

Adding and removing a component to/from a project each have 2 versions: The
"component side" version allows an actor to initiate the action using admin
access to the component, while the "project side" version allows to initiate
the action using admin access to the project.

Whenever authorization is mentioned below, it SHOULD be done using the
[[#s2s-grant-flow|invocation verification process]].

### Adding a component to a project - component side

Assuming:

- A project *P*
- A component *C*
- A person with admin access to *C*, Alice
- A person with admin access to *P*, Bob

Alice wants to add component *C* to project *P*. The exchange of activities
SHOULD be as follows:

1. Alice sends an [=Add=] activity in which:
    - [=object=] is *C*
    - [=target=] is the URI of *P*'s [=components=] collection
    - [=instrument=] is the maximal [=Role=] that Alice would like to allow for
        people (and bots) when authorizing their manipulation of *C* by their
        access in *P* (normally it would be [=admin=], perhaps sometimes
        [=maintain=])
    - [=capability=] is the URI of a [=Grant=] that authorizes admin access to
        *C*
2. *C*, seeing and authorizing the Add, publishes an [=Accept=] where
    [=object=] is the Add's URI
3. Bob, seeing the Add and the Accept, sends an [=Accept=] where:
    - [=object=] is the Add's URI
    - [=capability=] is the URI of a [=Grant=] that authorizes admin access to
        *P*
4. *P*, seeing the previous 3 activities and authorizing Bob's Accept,
    publishes a [[#grant-delegate|delegate-Grant]] in which the [=target=] is
    *C*
5. *C*, seeing *P*'s Grant, sends a [[#start-grant-chain|start-Grant]] where:
    - [=actor=] and [=context=] specify *C*
    - [=target=] specifies *P*
    - [=object=] specifies the role specified in the Add's [=instrument=]
    - [=allows=] is [=gatherAndConvey=]
    - [=capability=] is the URI of the delegate-Grant
6. *P*, seeing and authorizing *C*'s Grant, now
    [[#extending-a-delegation-chain|extends the Grant chain]] as relevant, to
    its members and parent projects

### Removing a component from a project - component side

Assuming:

- A project *P* with a component *C*
- A person with admin access to *C*, Alice

Alice wants to ask component *C* to remove itself from project *P*. The
exchange of activities SHOULD be as follows:

1. Alice sends a [=Remove=] activity where:
    - [=object=] is *C*
    - [=origin=] is the URI of *P*'s [=components=] collection
    - [=tag=] is *C*
    - [=capability=] is the URI of a [=Grant=] that authorizes admin access to
        *C*
2. *C*, seeing and authorizing the Remove, publishes a [=Revoke=] where
    [=object=] specifies the active [[#start-grant-chain|start-Grant]] it had
    sent to *P* (and *C* now considers that Grant revoked and no longer
    considers itself as a component of *P*)
3. *P*, seeing the Remove and the Revoke, publishes a [=Revoke=] where
    [=object=] specifies the active [[#grant-delegate|delegate-Grant]] it had
    sent to *C* (and *P* now considers that Grant revoked and no longer
    considers *C* a component of it)

### Adding a component to a project - project side

Assuming:

- A project *P*
- A component *C*
- A person with admin access to *C*, Alice
- A person with admin access to *P*, Bob

Bob wants to add component *C* to project *P*. The exchange of activities
SHOULD be as follows:

1. Bob sends an [=Invite=] activity in which:
    - [=object=] is *C*
    - [=target=] is the URI of *P*'s [=components=] collection
    - [=instrument=] is the maximal [=Role=] that Bob would like to allow for
        people (and bots) when authorizing their manipulation of *C* by their
        access in *P* (normally it would be [=admin=], perhaps sometimes
        [=maintain=])
    - [=capability=] is the URI of a [=Grant=] that authorizes admin access to
        *P*
2. *P*, seeing and authorizing the Invite, publishes an [=Accept=] where
    [=object=] is the Invite's URI
3. Alice, seeing the Invite and the Accept, sends an [=Accept=] where:
    - [=object=] is the Invite's URI
    - [=capability=] is the URI of a [=Grant=] that authorizes admin access to
        *C*
4. *C*, seeing the previous 3 activities and authorizing Alice's Accept, sends
    an [=Accept=] where [=object=] is the Invite's URI
5. *P*, seeing *C*'s Accept, publishes a [[#grant-delegate|delegate-Grant]] in
    which the [=target=] is *C*
6. *C*, seeing *P*'s Grant, sends a [[#start-grant-chain|start-Grant]] where:
    - [=actor=] and [=context=] specify *C*
    - [=target=] specifies *P*
    - [=object=] specifies the role specified in the Invite's [=instrument=]
    - [=allows=] is [=gatherAndConvey=]
    - [=capability=] is the URI of the delegate-Grant
7. *P*, seeing and authorizing *C*'s Grant, now
    [[#extending-a-delegation-chain|extends the Grant chain]] as relevant, to
    its members and parent projects

### Removing a component from a project - project side

Assuming:

- A project *P* with a component *C*
- A person with admin access to *P*, Bob

Bob wants to ask project *P* to remove component *C* from it. The exchange of
activities SHOULD be as follows:

1. Bob sends a [=Remove=] activity where:
    - [=object=] is *C*
    - [=origin=] is the URI of *P*'s [=components=] collection
    - [=tag=] is *P*
    - [=capability=] is the URI of a [=Grant=] that authorizes admin access to
        *P*
3. *P*, seeing and authorizing the Remove, publishes a [=Revoke=] where
    [=object=] specifies the active [[#grant-delegate|delegate-Grant]] it had
    sent to *C* (and *P* now considers that Grant revoked and no longer
    considers *C* a component of it)
2. *C*, seeing the Remove and the Revoke, publishes a [=Revoke=] where
    [=object=] specifies the active [[#start-grant-chain|start-Grant]] it had
    sent to *P* (and *C* now considers that Grant revoked and no longer
    considers itself as a component of *P*)

# Actor Interface

Issue: This section will provide, for each actor type, a summary of the various
(1) "methods" i.e. activities it can receive as requests for action; (2)
"events", i.e. activities it sends out; (3) perhaps representation of resources
that are specific to the actor type. Right now there's a grey zone between
methods and events, because some activities are methods for the target actor
but events for any other recipient, and some events are actually sent by other
actors, which cc the target actor's followers and the target actor delivers via
inbox-forwarding and not by `Announce`ing (or custom `Forward`ing) those
activities.

## Person ## {#person-iface}

## Team ## {#team-iface}

## Project ## {#project-iface}

## Repository ## {#repo-iface}

## TicketTracker ## {#tt-iface}

## PatchTracker ## {#pt-iface}

# Client to Server Interactions

Issue: This section is about how a human or bot can interact with the system by
POSTing activities into the outbox of a Person (or Application/Service?) actor,
and managing notifications.  It's less urgent than Server-to-Server. fr33 is
using C2S in Vervis, and will be gradually working on this part.

ForgeFed uses Activities for client to server interactions, as described by
ActivityPub. A client will send objects (eg. a Ticket) wrapped in a Activity
(eg. Create) to an actor's outbox, and in turn the server will take care of
delivery.

## Follow Activity

The Follow activity is used to subscribe to the activities of a Repository.
The client MUST send a Follow activity to the Person's outbox. The server
in turn delivers the message to the destination inbox.

## Push Activity

The Push activity is used to notify followers when somebody has pushed changes
to a Repository.
The client MUST send a Push activity to the Repository's outbox. The server
in turn delivers the message to the Repository followers.

# Actor and Resource Representation

Issue: This section is about representation of objects. It's possible that
actor representation will move into a separate section, as well as objects
specific to one actor type. And then this section will describe only
objects/resources used by multiple actor types, such as comments (person, issue
tracker, PR tracker) and tickets (used for both issues and PRs).

## Comment ## {#Comment}

To represent a comment, e.g. a comment on a ticket or a merge request, use the
ActivityPub [=Note=] type.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Note=]
[=attributedTo=]:
    The author of the comment
[=context=]:
    The topic of the discussion, e.g. a ticket or a merge request. It MUST be
    provided.
[=inReplyTo=]:
    The entity on which this comment replies. MUST be provided. If the comment
    is made directly on the discussion topic, then [=inReplyTo=] MUST be
    identical to [=context=]. Otherwise, set [=inReplyTo=] to the comment to
    which this comment replies. In that case both comments MUST have an
    identical [=context=].
[=content=], [=mediaType=], [=source=]:
    The comment text, in rendered form and in source form
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
    "id": "https://forge.example/luke/comments/rD05r",
    "type": "Note",
    "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
    "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/merge-requests/19",
    "inReplyTo": "https://dev.example/aviva/comments/E9AGE",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "content": "<p>Thank you for the review! I'll submit a correction ASAP</p>",
    "source": {
        "mediaType": "text/markdown; variant=Commonmark",
        "content": "Thank you for the review! I'll submit a correction ASAP"
    },
    "published": "2019-11-06T20:49:05.604488Z"
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Team Membership

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Relationship=]
[=subject=]:
    A [=Team=]
[=relationship=]:
    [=hasMember=]
[=object=]:
    A [=Person=] who is a member of the `Team`
[=tag=]:
    The role that the member has in the team
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team/members/ThmsicTj",
    "type": "Relationship",
    "subject": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
    "relationship": "hasMember",
    "object": "https://dev.example/people/celine",
    "tag": "develop"
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Team

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Team=]
[=name=]:
    The user-given name of the team, e.g. "Gitea Development Team"
[=published=]:
    The time the team was created on the server
[=summary=]:
    A one-line user provided description of the project, as HTML, e.g.
    `"We are creating a code hosting platform"`
[=members=]:
    [=Collection=] of the members of this team
[=subteams=]:
    Subteams of this team, i.e. teams whose members (and subteams) inherit the
    access that this team has been granted (to projects, repositories, etc.)
[=context=]:
    Parent [=Team=]s of this team, i.e. teams from which this team inherits
    access to projects, components and resources, e.g.  repositories, ticket
    trackers (and passes them to its [=members=] and inherits them to its own
    [=subteams=])
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://w3id.org/security/v2",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
    "type": "Team",
    "name": "Mobilizon Development Team",
    "summary": "We're creating a federated tool for organizing events!",
    "members": {
        "type": "Collection",
        "totalItems": 3,
        "items": [
            { "type": "Relationship",
              "subject": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
              "relationship": "hasMember",
              "object": "https://dev.example/people/alice",
              "tag": "admin"
            },
            { "type": "Relationship",
              "subject": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
              "relationship": "hasMember",
              "object": "https://dev.example/people/bob",
              "tag": "maintain"
            },
            { "type": "Relationship",
              "subject": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
              "relationship": "hasMember",
              "object": "https://dev.example/people/celine",
              "tag": "develop"
            }
        ]
    },
    "subteams": {
        "type": "Collection",
        "totalItems": 2,
        "items": [
            "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-backend-team",
            "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-frontend-team"
        ]
    },
    "context": "https://dev.example/teams/framasoft-developers",

    "publicKey": {
        "id": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team#main-key",
        "owner": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
        "publicKeyPem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhki....."
    },
    "inbox": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team/followers"
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Project ## {#Project}

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Project=]
[=name=]:
    The user-given name of the project, e.g. "My cool project"
[=published=]:
    The time the project was created on the server
[=summary=]:
    A one-line user provided description of the project, as HTML, e.g.
    "`<p>A command-line tool that does cool things</p>`"
[=ticketsTrackedBy=]:
    The default ticket tracker to use when submitting a ticket to this project
    (this tracker MUST be listed under the project's [=components=])
[=subprojects=]:
    A [=Collection=] of the subprojects of this project
[=context=]:
    The parent [=Project=](s) to which this project belongs
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer",
    "type": "Project",

    "name": "Wanderer",
    "summary": "3D nature exploration game",
    "components": {
        "type": "Collection",
        "totalItems": 7,
        "items": [
            "https://dev.example/repos/opengl-vegetation",
            "https://dev.example/repos/opengl-vegetation/patch-tracker",
            "https://dev.example/repos/treesim",
            "https://dev.example/repos/treesim/patch-tracker",
            "https://dev.example/repos/wanderer",
            "https://dev.example/repos/wanderer/patch-tracker",
            "https://dev.example/issue-trackers/wanderer"
        ]
    },
    "subprojects": {
        "type": "Collection",
        "totalItems": 2,
        "items": [
            "https://dev.example/projects/nature-3d-models",
            "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer-fundraising"
        ]
    },
    "ticketsTrackedBy": "https://dev.example/issue-trackers/wanderer",

    "inbox": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/followers"
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Commit

To represent a named set of changes committed into a repository's history, use
the ForgeFed [=Commit=] type. Such a committed change set is called
e.g. a *commit* in Git, and a *patch* in Darcs.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Commit=]
[=context=]:
    The [=Repository=] that this commit belongs to
[=attributedTo=]:
    The commit author; if their actor URI is unknown, it MAY be their email
    address as a `mailto` URI
[=created=]:
    A value of type [=dateTime=] (i.e. an ISO 8601 datetime value) specifying
    the time at which the commit was written by its author
[=committedBy=]:
    The entity that committed the commit's changes into their local copy of the
    repo, before the commit was pushed; if their actor URI is unknown, it MAY
    be their email address as a `mailto` URI
[=committed=]:
    The time the commit was committed by its committer
[=hash=]:
    The hash identifying the commit, e.g. the commit SHA1 hash in Git; the
    patch info SHA1 hash in Darcs
[=summary=]:
    The commit's one-line title as HTML-escaped plain text; if the commit title
    and description are a single commit message string, then the title is the
    1st line of the commit message
[=description=]:
    A JSON object with a [=mediaType=] field and a [=content=] field, where
    `mediaType` SHOULD be "text/plain" and `content` is the commit's
    possibly-multi-line description; if the commit title and description are a
    single commit message string, then the description is everything after the
    1st line of the commit message (possibly with leading whitespace stripped)
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo/commits/109ec9a09c7df7fec775d2ba0b9d466e5643ec8c",
    "type": "Commit",
    "context": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo",
    "attributedTo": "https://example.dev/bob",
    "created": "2019-07-11T12:34:56Z",
    "committedBy": "https://example.dev/alice",
    "committed": "2019-07-26T23:45:01Z",
    "hash": "109ec9a09c7df7fec775d2ba0b9d466e5643ec8c",
    "summary": "Add an installation script, fixes issue #89",
    "description": {
        "mediaType": "text/plain",
        "content": "It's about time people can install it on their computers!"
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Branch

To represent a repository branch, use the ForgeFed [=Branch=] type.
It can be a real built-in version control system branch (such as a Git branch)
or a copy of the repo used as a branch (e.g. in Darcs, which doesn't implement
branches, and the way to have branches is to keep multiple versions of the
repo).

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Branch=]
[=context=]:
    The [=Repository=] that this branch belongs to
[=name=]:
    The user given name of the branch, e.g. "main"
[=ref=]:
    The unique identifier of the branch within the repo, e.g. "refs/heads/main"
[=team=]:
    If the branch has its own access/authority/visibility settings, this can be
    a [=Collection=] of the actors who have push/edit access to the branch
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo/branches/master",
    "type": "Branch",
    "context": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo",
    "name": "master",
    "ref": "refs/heads/master"
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Repository ## {#Repository}

To represent a version control repository, use the ForgeFed
[=Repository=] type.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Repository=]
[=name=]:
    The user given name of the repository, e.g. "My cool repo"
[=cloneUri=]:
    The endpoint from which the content of the repository can be obtained via
    the native protocol (Git, Hg, etc.)
[=attributedTo=]:
    The actor(s) in charge of the repository, e.g. a person or an organization;
    if their actor URI is unknown, it MAY be their email address as a `mailto`
    URI
[=published=]:
    The time the repository was created on the server
[=summary=]:
    A one-line user provided description of the repository, as HTML, e.g.
    "`<p>A command-line tool that does cool things</p>`"
[=team=]:
    [=Collection=] of actors who have management/push access to the repository,
    or the subset of them who is available and wants to be
    contacted/notified/responsible on repo access related activities/requests
[=forks=]:
    [=OrderedCollection=] of repositories that are forks of this repository
[=ticketsTrackedBy=]:
    The ticket tracker that tracks tickets for this repository, this can be the
    repository itself if it manages its own tickets
[=sendPatchesTo=]:
    The actor that tracks patches for this repository, this can be the
    repository itself if it manages its own patches and merge requests. For
    example it may be some external tracker or service, or the user or team to
    whom the repository belongs.
[=context=]:
    The [=Project=](s) to which this repository belongs
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://w3id.org/security/v1",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
    "cloneUri": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim.git",
    "type": "Repository",
    "publicKey": {
        "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim#main-key",
        "owner": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
        "publicKeyPem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhki....."
    },
    "inbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/followers",
    "team": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/team",
    "ticketsTrackedBy": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
    "sendPatchesTo": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
    "name": "Tree Growth 3D Simulation",
    "attributedTo": "https://example.dev/bob",
    "summary": "<p>Tree growth 3D simulator for my nature exploration game</p>"
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Push ## {#Push}

To represent an event of [=Commit=]s being pushed to a
[=Repository=], use a ForgeFed [=Push=] activity.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Push=]
[=actor=]:
    The [=Repository=] to which the push was made, and that is publishing this
    Push activity
[=attributedTo=]:
    The entity (person, bot, etc.) that pushed the commits
[=target=]:
    The specific repo history tip onto which the commits were added, this is
    either a [=Branch=] (for VCSs that have branches) or a [=Repository=] (for
    VCSs that don't have branches, only a single history line). If it's a
    branch, it MUST be a branch belonging to the repository specified by
    [=actor=]. And if it's a repository, it MUST be identical to the one
    specified by [=actor=].
[=hashBefore=]:
    Repo/branch/tip hash before adding the new commits
[=hashAfter=]:
    Repo/branch/tip hash after adding the new commits
[=object=]:
    An [=OrderedCollection=] of the [=Commit=]s being pushed, in **reverse
    chronological order**. The [=items=] (or [=orderedItems=]) property of the
    collection MUST contain either the whole list of commits being pushed, or a
    prefix i.e. continuous subset from the beginning of the list (therefore the
    **latest** commits). [=earlyItems=] MAY be used for listing a suffix i.e.
    continuous subset from the end (therefore the **earliest** commits).
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/E26bE",
    "type": "Push",
    "actor": "https://dev.example/aviva",
    "to": [
        "https://dev.example/aviva/followers",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/team",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/followers"
    ],
    "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
    "target": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/branches/master",
    "hashBefore": "017cbb00bc20d1cae85f46d638684898d095f0ae",
    "hashAfter": "be9f48a341c4bb5cd79ae7ab85fbf0c05d2837bb",
    "object": {
        "totalItems": 2,
        "type": "OrderedCollection",
        "orderedItems": [
            {
                "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/commits/be9f48a341c4bb5cd79ae7ab85fbf0c05d2837bb",
                "type": "Commit",
                "attributedTo": "https://dev.example/aviva",
                "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
                "hash": "be9f48a341c4bb5cd79ae7ab85fbf0c05d2837bb",
                "created": "2019-12-02T16:07:32Z",
                "summary": "Add widget to alter simulation speed"
            },
            {
                "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/commits/fa37fe100a8b1e69933889c5bf3caf95cd3ae1e6",
                "type": "Commit",
                "attributedTo": "https://dev.example/aviva",
                "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
                "hash": "fa37fe100a8b1e69933889c5bf3caf95cd3ae1e6",
                "created": "2019-12-02T15:51:52Z",
                "summary": "Set window title correctly, fixes issue #7"
            }
        ]
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Ticket ## {#Ticket}

To represent a work item in a project, use the ForgeFed [=Ticket=]
type.

TODO decide on ticket categories/subtypes and update below

TODO decide on property for titles, update below

TODO properly document `history` or remove it from example

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Ticket=]
[=context=]:
    The [=TicketTracker=] or [=PatchTracker=] to which this ticket belongs
[=attributedTo=]:
    The actor (person, bot, etc.) who submitted the ticket
[=summary=]:
    The ticket's one-line title, as HTML-escaped plain text
[=content=], [=mediaType=]:
    The ticket's (possibly multi-line) detailed description text, in rendered
    form
[=source=]:
    Source form of the ticket's description
[=published=]:
    The time the ticket submission was accepted (which may not be the same as
    the time the ticket was submitted)
[=followers=]:
    Collection of the followers of the ticket, actors who want to be notified
    on activity related to the ticket
[=team=]:
    Collection of project team members who have responsibility for work on this
    ticket and want to be notified on activities related to it
[=replies=]:
    Collection of direct comments made on the ticket (but not comments made *on
    other* comments on the ticket)
[=dependants=]:
    Collection of [=Ticket=]s which depend on this ticket
[=dependencies=]:
    Collection of [=Ticket=]s on which this ticket depends
[=isResolved=]:
    Whether the work on this ticket is done
[=resolvedBy=]:
    If the work on this ticket is done, who marked the ticket as resolved, or
    which activity did so
[=resolved=]:
    When the ticket has been marked as resolved
</pre>

There's an important distinction between these two kinds of tickets:

- Task:
    A work item which tracks some task to be done, in which the task and its
    results are described in text, but the work itself is done elsewhere.  This
    is often called "issue" in software project hosting platforms. Tasks are
    general-purpose work items that aren't specific to software development or
    software projects.
- Merge request:
    A work item that includes a proposal or request to apply some specific
    changes to a specific [=Repository=]. The work requested by the work item
    is to review and (decide whether to) merge the proposed patches to the
    repository. This kind of work item is often called "Pull Request" or "Merge
    Request" on software project hosting platforms.

### Task / Issue

A task is represented as a [[#Ticket]] as described above, with the
following additional requirements:

- [=context=] is the [=TicketTracker=] to which this task belongs
- There is no [=attachment=] of type [=Offer=] (but there may be attachment of other types)

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/issues/107",
    "type": "Ticket",
    "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
    "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
    "summary": "Window title is empty",
    "content": "<p>When I start the simulation, window title disappears suddenly</p>",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "source": {
        "mediaType": "text/markdown; variant=Commonmark",
        "content": "When I start the simulation, window title disappears suddenly",
    },
    "published": "2019-11-04T07:00:04.465807Z",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/issues/107/followers",
    "team": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/issues/107/team",
    "replies": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/issues/107/discussion",
    "history": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/issues/107/activity",
    "dependants": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/issues/107/rdeps",
    "dependencies": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/issues/107/deps",
    "isResolved": true,
    "resolvedBy": "https://code.example/martin",
    "resolved": "2020-02-07T06:45:03.281314Z"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Merge Request / Pull Request

A merge request is represented as a [[#Ticket]] as described above, with
the following additional requirements:

- [=context=] is the [=PatchTracker=] to which this merge request belongs
- There is no [=attachment=] of type [=Offer=] (but there may be attachment of other types)
- There is exactly one [=attachment=] of type [=Offer=], as described below
- There MAY be more [=attachment=]s, but they MUST NOT be of type [=Offer=]

In that special [=attachment=] of type [=Offer=]:

- [=type=] is [=Offer=]
- [=origin=] is the [=Repository=] or [=Branch=] from which the proposed changes are proposed to be merged into the target repository/branch
- [=target=] is the [=Repository=] or [=Branch=] into which the changes are proposed to be merged
- [=object=] is an [=OrderedCollection=] of [=Patch=]es in reverse
    chronological order, in which, in addition to standard [=OrderedCollection=]
    properties:
        - [=context=] is (the [=id=] of) the [[#Ticket]]
        - [=previousVersions=] is a list of previous versions
            of the merge request's proposed changes, i.e. previous versions of this
            [=OrderedCollection=]; each of those uses
            [=currentVersion=] to point back to this latest
            version

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825",
    "type": "Ticket",
    "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
    "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
    "summary": "Fix the empty window title bug",
    "content": "<p>This fixes the bug making the title disappear</p>",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "source": {
        "mediaType": "text/markdown; variant=Commonmark",
        "content": "This fixes the bug making the title disappear",
    },
    "published": "2022-09-15T14:52:00.125987Z",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825/followers",
    "replies": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825/discussion",
    "isResolved": false,
    "attachment": {
        "type": "Offer",
        "origin": {
            "type": "Branch",
            "context": "https://forge.example/luke/game-of-life",
            "ref": "refs/heads/fix-title-bug"
        },
        "target": {
            "type": "Branch",
            "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life",
            "ref": "refs/heads/main"
        },
        "object": {
            "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825/versions/1",
            "type": "OrderedCollection",
            "totalItems": 1,
            "items": [
                {
                    "type": "Patch",
                    "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
                    "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825/versions/1",
                    "mediaType": "application/x-git-patch",
                    "content": "From c9ae5f4ff4a330b6e1196ceb7db1665bd4c1..."
                }
            ],
            "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825"
        }
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Patch

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Patch=]
[=attributedTo=]:
    The [=Person=] who has written the patch
[=context=]:
    An [=OrderedCollection=] representing a sequence of patches, being
    submitted together as a proposed change to a certain [=Repository=], and
    this patch is an item in that collection
[=content=]:
    A description of the changes that this patch proposes, encoded in the
    format specified by [=mediaType=]
[=mediaType=]:
    A native patch format used by the Version Control System of the
    [=Repository=] to which the patch is proposed, and in which the [=content=]
    of this patch is encoded
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825/versions/1/patches/1",
    "type": "Patch",
    "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
    "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825/versions/1",
    "mediaType": "application/x-git-patch",
    "content": "From c9ae5f4ff4a330b6e1196ceb7db1665bd4c1..."
}
</xmp>
</div>

# Access Control

## Giving Access

### Invite ### {#Invite}

To offer some actor access to a shared resource (such as a repository or a
ticket tracker), use an ActivityPub [=Invite=] activity.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Invite=]
[=actor=]:
    The entity (person, bot, etc.) that is offering access
[=instrument=]:
    A [=Role=] specifying which operations on the resource are being allowed
[=target=]:
    The resource, access to which is being given (for example, a repository)
[=object=]:
    The actor who is being gives access to the resource
[=capability=]:
    A previously published `Grant`, giving the `actor` permission to invite
    more actors to access the resource
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/B47d3",
    "type": "Invite",
    "actor": "https://dev.example/aviva",
    "to": [
        "https://dev.example/aviva/followers",
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/followers",
        "https://software.site/bob",
        "https://software.site/bob/followers"
    ],
    "instrument": "maintain",
    "target": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
    "object": "https://software.site/bob",
    "capability": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/outbox/2c53A"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Join ### {#Join}

To request access to a shared resource, use an ActivityPub [=Join=] activity.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Join=]
[=actor=]:
    The entity (person, bot, etc.) that is requesting access
[=instrument=]:
    A [=Role=] specifying which operations on the resource are being requested
[=object=]:
    The resource, access to which is being given (for example, a repository)
[=capability=]:
    *(optional)* A previously published `Grant`, giving the `actor` permission
    to gain access to the resource without the approval of another actor. If
    `capability` isn't provided, the resource won't grant access before someone
    with adequate access approves the Join request.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://software.site/bob/outbox/c97E3",
    "type": "Join",
    "actor": "https://software.site/bob",
    "to": [
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/followers",
        "https://software.site/bob/followers"
    ],
    "instrument": "maintain",
    "object": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
    "capability": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/outbox/d38Fa"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Grant ### {#Grant}

To give some actor access to a shared resource, use a ForgeFed
[=Grant=] activity.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Grant=]
[=actor=]:
    The entity (person, bot, etc.) that is giving access
[=object=]:
    A [=Role=] specifying which operations on the resource are being allowed
[=context=]:
    The resource, access to which is being given (for example, a repository)
[=target=]:
    The actor who is being gives access to the resource
[=fulfills=]:
    The activity that triggered the sending of the `Grant`, such as a related
    `Invite` (another example&#x3a; if Alice [=Create=]s a new repository, the
    repository may automatically send back a [=Grant=] giving Alice admin
    access, and this Grant's `fulfills` refers to the [=Create=] that Alice
    sent)
[=result=]:
    A URI that can be used later for verifying that the given access is still
    approved, thus allowing the actor granting the access to revoke it.
    Alternatively, a JSON object where [=id=] is the URI and [=duration=] MAY
    be specified to allow to skip the revocation check if the duration time
    hasn't yet passed since the last check. If [=duration=] is specified, it
    MUST be positive, and specify only an integral number of seconds that is
    less than `2^63`, and no other component.
[=allows=]:
    Modes of invocation and/or delegation that this `Grant` is meant to be used
    for
[=delegates=]:
    If this `Grant` is a delegation, i.e. it is passing on some access that it
    has received, `delegates` specifies the parent `Grant` that it has received
    and now passing on
[=startTime=]:
    *(optional)* The time at which the Grant becomes valid
[=endTime=]:
    *(recommended)* The time at which the Grant expires
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/outbox/9fA8c",
    "type": "Grant",
    "actor": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
    "to": [
        "https://dev.example/aviva",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/followers",
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/followers",
        "https://software.site/bob",
        "https://software.site/bob/followers"
    ],
    "object": "maintain",
    "context": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
    "target": "https://software.site/bob",
    "fulfills": "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/B47d3",
    "allows": "invoke",
    "endTime": "2023-12-31T23:00:00-08:00"
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Canceling Access

### Remove ### {#Remove}

To disable an actor's membership in a shared resource, invalidating their
access to it, use an ActivityPub [=Remove=] activity.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Remove=]
[=actor=]:
    The actor (person, bot, etc.) that is disabling access disabled
[=object=]:
    The actor whose access to the resource is being taken away
[=origin=]:
    The resource, access to which is being taken away (for example, a
    repository)
[=capability=]:
    A previously published `Grant`, giving the `actor` permission to disable
    the [=object=] actor's access to the resource
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/F941b",
    "type": "Remove",
    "actor": "https://dev.example/aviva",
    "to": [
        "https://dev.example/aviva/followers",
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/followers",
        "https://software.site/bob",
        "https://software.site/bob/followers"
    ],
    "origin": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
    "object": "https://software.site/bob",
    "capability": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/outbox/2c53A"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Leave ### {#Leave}

To withdraw your consent for membership in a shared resource, invalidating
your access to it, use an ActivityPub [=Leave=] activity.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Leave=]
[=actor=]:
    The actor (person, bot, etc.) that is requesting to disable their own
    access
[=object=]:
    The resource, access to which is being disabled (for example, a repository)
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://software.site/bob/outbox/d08F4",
    "type": "Leave",
    "actor": "https://software.site/bob",
    "to": [
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/followers",
        "https://software.site/bob/followers"
    ],
    "object": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Revoke ### {#Revoke}

Another activity that can be used for disabling access is [=Revoke=].
While [[#Remove]] and [[#Leave]] are meant for undoing the effects
of [[#Invite]] and [[#Join]], `Revoke` is provided as an opposite of
[[#Grant]]. See the Behavior specification for more information about the
usage of these different activity types in revocation of access to shared
resources.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Revoke=]
[=actor=]:
    The actor (person, bot, etc.) that is revoking access
[=fulfills=]:
    An activity that triggered the sending of the `Revoke`, such as a related
    `Remove` or `Leave`
[=object=]:
    specific [[#Grant]] activities being undone, i.e. the access that they
    granted is now disabled and it cannot be used anymore as the [=capability=]
    of activities. Each Grant may either be mentioned by its [=id=] URI, or be
    included as a full object that includes an [[fep-8b32|integrity proof]].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/outbox/1C0e2",
    "type": "Revoke",
    "actor": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life",
    "to": [
        "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/followers",
        "https://software.site/bob",
        "https://software.site/bob/followers"
    ],
    "object": "https://coding.community/repos/game-of-life/outbox/9fA8c"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Undo a Grant ### {#undo-grant}

The Behavior spec describes flows in which the [[#Revoke]] activity is
used by resources (more accurately, by the actors managing them) to announce
that they're disabling [[#Grant]]s that they previously sent. To allow for
a clear distinction, another activity is provided here, for *other* actors to
*request* the revocation of specific [[#Grant]]s: The ActivityPub [=Undo=]
activity.

It's likely that `Grant`s would exist behind-the-scenes in applications, and
human actors would then use activities such as `Remove` and `Leave` for
disabling access. But the ability to disable specific `Grant`s may be required
for ensuring and maintaining system security, therefore `Undo` is provided here
as well.

Properties:

<pre class=simpledef>
[=type=]:
    [=Undo=]
[=actor=]:
    The actor (person, bot, etc.) that is revoking access
[=object=]:
    specific [[#Grant]] activities being undone, i.e. the access that they
    granted is now disabled and it cannot be used anymore as the [=capability=]
    of activities
[=capability=]:
    A previously published `Grant`, giving the `actor` permission to disable
    the [=object=] actor's access to the resource
</pre>

# Vocabulary # {#vocab}

## Types

The base URI of all ForgeFed terms is `https://forgefed.org/ns#`.
The ForgeFed vocabulary has a JSON-LD context whose URI is
`https://forgefed.org/ns`. Implementers MUST either include the
ActivityPub and ForgeFed contexts in their object definitions, or other
contexts that would result with the ActivityPub and ForgeFed terms being
assigned they correct full URIs. Implementers MAY include additional contexts
and terms as appropriate.

A typical `@context` of a ForgeFed object may look like this:

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld>
"@context": [
    "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
    "https://forgefed.org/ns"
]
</xmp>
</div>

### Activities

#### Related to access control

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Grant</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Grant
Extends: [=Activity=]
Description:
    Indicates that [=target=] is being given (by the [=actor=]) access to a
    resource specified by [=context=] under the role/permission specified by
    [=object=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=7>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/aviva/outbox/reBGo",
    "type": "Grant",
    "actor": "https://example.dev/aviva",
    "to": [
        "https://example.dev/aviva/followers",
        "https://example.dev/aviva/myproject",
        "https://example.dev/aviva/myproject/followers",
        "https://example.dev/bob",
        "https://example.dev/bob/followers"
    ],
    "object": "write",
    "context": "https://example.dev/aviva/myproject",
    "target": "https://example.dev/bob"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Revoke</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Revoke
Extends: [=Activity=]
Description:
    Indicates that the [=actor=] is canceling [=target=]'s access to a resource
    specified by [=context=] under the role specified by [=instrument=], making
    the [=Grant=] activities specified by [=object=] unusable anymore in other
    activities' [=capability=] field.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=7>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/myproject/outbox/nlTxb",
    "type": "Revoke",
    "actor": "https://example.dev/myproject",
    "to": [
        "https://example.dev/myproject/followers",
        "https://example.dev/users/aviva"
    ],
    "object": "https://example.dev/myproject/outbox/reBGo",
    "instrument": "https://example.dev/roles/developer",
    "context": "https://example.dev/myproject",
    "target": "https://example.dev/users/aviva"
}
</xmp>
</div>

#### Related to repositories

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Push</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Push
Extends: [=Activity=]
Description:
    Indicates that new content has been pushed to the [=Repository=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=7>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/aviva/myproject/outbox/reBGo",
    "type": "Push",
    "actor": "https://example.dev/aviva/myproject",
    "attributedTo": "https://example.dev/aviva",
    "to": [
        "https://example.dev/aviva",
        "https://example.dev/aviva/followers",
        "https://example.dev/aviva/myproject/followers"
    ],
    "summary": "<p>Aviva pushed a commit to myproject</p>",
    "object": {
        "type": "OrderedCollection",
        "totalItems": 1,
        "items": [
            {
                "id": "https://example.dev/aviva/myproject/commits/d96596230322716bd6f87a232a648ca9822a1c20",
                "type": "Commit",
                "attributedTo": "https://example.dev/aviva",
                "context": "https://example.dev/aviva/myproject",
                "hash": "d96596230322716bd6f87a232a648ca9822a1c20",
                "created": "2019-11-03T13:43:59Z",
                "summary": "Provide hints in sign-up form fields",
            }
        ]
    },
    "target": "https://example.dev/aviva/myproject/branches/master"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Actors

#### Software development components

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Repository</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Repository
Extends: [=Object=]
Description:
    Represents a version control system repository.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://w3id.org/security/v1",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
    "type": "Repository",
    "publicKey": {
        "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim#main-key",
        "owner": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
        "publicKeyPem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhki....."
    },
    "inbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/followers",
    "team": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/team",
    "name": "Tree Growth 3D Simulation",
    "summary": "<p>Tree growth 3D simulator for my nature exploration game</p>"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>TicketTracker</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#TicketTracker
Extends: [=Object=]
Description:
    Represents a [[wikipedia-ticket-tracker|ticket tracker]], i.e. a project
    managing a list of work items.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://w3id.org/security/v2",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
    "type": ["Repository", "TicketTracker"],
    "publicKey": {
        "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim#main-key",
        "owner": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
        "publicKeyPem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhki....."
    },
    "inbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/followers",
    "name": "Tree Growth 3D Simulation",
    "summary": "<p>Tree growth 3D simulator for my nature exploration game</p>"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>PatchTracker</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#PatchTracker
Extends: [=Object=]
Description:
    Represents a tracker of [[wikipedia-pr|merge requests]], i.e. a project
    managing a list of patches or branches submitted as proposed changes to a
    given [=Repository=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://w3id.org/security/v2",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
    "type": ["Repository", "TicketTracker", "PatchTracker"],
    "publicKey": {
        "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim#main-key",
        "owner": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
        "publicKeyPem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhki....."
    },
    "inbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/followers",
    "name": "Tree Growth 3D Simulation",
    "summary": "<p>Tree growth 3D simulator for my nature exploration game</p>"
}
</xmp>
</div>

#### Organizational structure tools

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Project</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Project
Extends: [=Object=]
Description:
    Represents a project, a planned endeavor that involves usage of tools
    related to the software development lifecycle. It may be a software
    project, but may also be totally unrelated to software development. For
    example, it may be a book that is being written using Markdown files kept
    in a Git repository. A [=Project=] object is a way to collect forge related
    components together under one title.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://w3id.org/security/v2",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer",
    "type": "Project",

    "name": "Wanderer",
    "summary": "3D nature exploration game",
    "components": {
        "type": "Collection",
        "totalItems": 7,
        "items": [
            "https://dev.example/repos/opengl-vegetation",
            "https://dev.example/repos/opengl-vegetation/patch-tracker",
            "https://dev.example/repos/treesim",
            "https://dev.example/repos/treesim/patch-tracker",
            "https://dev.example/repos/wanderer",
            "https://dev.example/repos/wanderer/patch-tracker",
            "https://dev.example/issue-trackers/wanderer"
        ]
    },

    "publicKey": {
        "id": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer#main-key",
        "owner": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer",
        "publicKeyPem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhki....."
    },
    "inbox": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/followers"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Team</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Team
Extends: [=Object=]
Description:
    Represents a group of people working together, collaborating on shared
    resources. Each member [=Person=] in the team has a defined role, affecting
    the level of access they have to the team's shared resources and to
    managing the team itself.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://w3id.org/security/v2",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
    "type": "Team",
    "name": "Mobilizon Development Team",
    "summary": "We're creating a federated tool for organizing events!",
    "members": {
        "type": "Collection",
        "totalItems": 3,
        "items": [
            { "type": "Relationship",
              "subject": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
              "relationship": "hasMember",
              "object": "https://dev.example/people/alice",
              "tag": "https://roles.example/admin"
            },
            { "type": "Relationship",
              "subject": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
              "relationship": "hasMember",
              "object": "https://dev.example/people/bob",
              "tag": "maintain"
            },
            { "type": "Relationship",
              "subject": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
              "relationship": "hasMember",
              "object": "https://dev.example/people/celine",
              "tag": "develop"
            }
        ]
    },
    "subteams": {
        "type": "Collection",
        "totalItems": 2,
        "items": [
            "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-backend-team",
            "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-frontend-team"
        ]
    },
    "context": "https://dev.example/teams/framasoft-developers",

    "publicKey": {
        "id": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team#main-key",
        "owner": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team",
        "publicKeyPem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhki....."
    },
    "inbox": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/teams/mobilizon-dev-team/followers"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Objects

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>CapabilityUsage</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#CapabilityUsage
Extends: [=Object=]
Values:
    This specification defines 3&#x3a; [=gatherAndConvey=], [=distribute=] and
    [=invoke]
Description:
    Represents a mode of using a [=Grant=] as an Object Capability (OCAP).
    There are two conceptual operations for `Grant`s&#x3a; Invocation (acting
    on the resource under the specified role) and Delegation (passing on the
    access to more actors, possibly with reduced privileges). A value of this
    type refers to one or both of these operations, and possibly to more
    specific conditions and restrictions on applying them.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=7>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Role</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Role
Extends: [=Object=]
Values:
    [=visit=], [=report=], [=triage=], [=write=], [=maintain=], [=admin=],
    [=delegate=]
Description:
    Represents a role that an actor has within a [=Team=], or a role defining
    the level of access an actor has to a resource.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=7>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Branch</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Branch
Extends: [=Object=]
Description:
    Represents a named variable reference to a version of the [=Repository=],
    typically used for committing changes in parallel to other development, and
    usually eventually merging the changes into the main history line.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=7>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo/branches/master",
    "type": "Branch",
    "name": "master",
    "context": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo",
    "ref": "refs/heads/master"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Commit</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Commit
Extends: [=Object=]
Description:
    Represents a named set of changes in the history of a [=Repository=].  This
    is called "commit" in Git, Mercurial and Monotone; "patch" in Darcs;
    sometimes called "change set". Note that `Commit` is a set of changes that
    already exists in a repo's history, while a [=Patch=] is a separate
    proposed change set, that *could* be applied and pushed to a repo,
    resulting with a `Commit`.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=7>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo/commits/109ec9a09c7df7fec775d2ba0b9d466e5643ec8c",
    "type": "Commit",
    "context": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo",
    "attributedTo": "https://example.dev/bob",
    "committedBy": "https://example.dev/alice",
    "hash": "109ec9a09c7df7fec775d2ba0b9d466e5643ec8c",
    "summary": "Add an installation script, fixes issue #89",
    "description": {
        "mediaType": "text/plain",
        "content": "It's about time people can install on their computers!"
    },
    "created": "2019-07-11T12:34:56Z",
    "committed": "2019-07-26T23:45:01Z"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Patch</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Patch
Extends: [=Object=]
Description:
    Represents a named set of changes that are being proposed for applying to a
    specific [=Repository=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=7>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825/versions/1/patches/1",
    "type": "Patch",
    "attributedTo": "https://forge.example/luke",
    "context": "https://dev.example/aviva/game-of-life/pulls/825/versions/1",
    "mediaType": "application/x-git-patch",
    "content": "From c9ae5f4ff4a330b6e1196ceb7db1665bd4c1..."
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>TicketDependency</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#TicketDependency
Extends: [=Relationship=]
Description:
    Represents a relationship between 2 [=Ticket=]s, in which the resolution of
    one ticket requires the other ticket to be resolved too. It MUST specify
    the [=subject=], [=object=] and [=relationship=] properties, and the
    `relationship` property MUST be [=dependsOn=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=6>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "type": ["Relationship", "TicketDependency"],
    "id": "https://example.dev/ticket-deps/2342593",
    "attributedTo": "https://example.dev/alice",
    "summary": "Alice's ticket depends on Bob's ticket",
    "published": "2019-07-11T12:34:56Z",
    "subject": "https://example.dev/alice/myproj/issues/42",
    "relationship": "dependsOn",
    "object": "https://dev.community/bob/coolproj/issues/85"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>Ticket</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#Ticket
Extends: [=Object=]
Description:
    Represents an item that requires work or attention. Tickets exist in the
    context of a project (which may or may not be a version-control
    repository), and are used to track ideas, proposals, tasks, bugs and more.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=6>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "type": "Ticket",
    "id": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo/issues/42",
    "context": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo",
    "attributedTo": "https://dev.community/bob",
    "summary": "Nothing works!",
    "content": "<p>Please fix. <i>Everything</i> is broken!</p>",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "source": {
        "content": "Please fix. *Everything* is broken!",
        "mediaType": "text/markdown; variant=CommonMark"
    },
    "assignedTo": "https://example.dev/alice",
    "isResolved": false
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Properties

### General-purpose

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>earlyItems</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#earlyItems
Domain: [=OrderedCollection=]
Range: Ordered list of [ [=Object=] | [=Link=] ]
Functional: No
Inverse of: None
Description:
    In an ordered collection (or an ordered collection page) in which [=items=]
    (or [=orderedItems=]) contains a continuous subset of the collection's
    items from one end, `earlyItems` identifiers a continuous subset from the
    other end. For example, if `items` lists the chronologically latest items,
    `earlyItems` would list the chrologically earliest items. The ordering rule
    for items in `earlyItems` MUST be the same as in `items`. For examle, if
    `items` lists items in reverse chronogical order, then so does
    `earlyItems`.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=14>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox",
    "type": "OrderedCollection",
    "totalItems": 712,
    "orderedItems": [
       "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/712",
       "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/711",
       "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/710"
    ],
    "earlyItems": [
       "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/3",
       "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/2",
       "https://dev.example/aviva/outbox/1"
    ]
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>previousVersions</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#previousVersions
Domain: [=Object=]
Range: `rdf:List` of objects of the same `@type` as the subject
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None, but see [=currentVersion=]
Description:
    Specifies the previous versions of the subject, as an ordered list in
    reverse chronological order.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=10>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/notes/107",
    "type": "Note",
    "attributedTo": "https://dev.example/aviva",
    "content": "I agree!!!!! (edit: fixed a typo)",
    "previousVersions": [
       "https://dev.example/aviva/notes/107_old_version",
       "https://dev.example/aviva/notes/107_very_old_version",
       "https://dev.example/aviva/notes/107_ancient_version"
    ]
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>currentVersion</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#currentVersion
Domain: [=Object=]
Range: [=Object=], of the same `@type` as the subject
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None, but see [=previousVersions=]
Description:
    Specifies the latest. current, up-to-date version of the subject.  Once the
    subject specifies the `currentVersion` property, it SHOULD NOT get any
    changes to any other properties. The exception is `currentVersion` itself,
    which MUST be updated whenever needed, to always point to the latest
    version.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=10>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/notes/107_old_version",
    "type": "Note",
    "attributedTo": "https://dev.example/aviva",
    "content": "I agree!!111",
    "currentVersion": "https://dev.example/aviva/notes/107"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Projects

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>components</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#components
Domain: [=Project=]
Range: [=Collection=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of:
    None, but see the usage of [=context=] in the Modeling specification, e.g.
    in [[#Repository]]
Description:
    Identifies a [=Collection=] listing actors whose services and resources are
    considered to be components of this project.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=11>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer",
    "type": "Project",

    "name": "Wanderer",
    "summary": "3D nature exploration game",
    "components": {
        "type": "Collection",
        "totalItems": 7,
        "items": [
            "https://dev.example/repos/opengl-vegetation",
            "https://dev.example/repos/opengl-vegetation/patch-tracker",
            "https://dev.example/repos/treesim",
            "https://dev.example/repos/treesim/patch-tracker",
            "https://dev.example/repos/wanderer",
            "https://dev.example/repos/wanderer/patch-tracker",
            "https://dev.example/issue-trackers/wanderer"
        ]
    },

    "inbox": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/followers"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>subprojects</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#subprojects
Domain: [=Project=]
Range: [=Collection=] of [=Project=]s
Functional: Yes
Inverse of:
    None, but see the usage of [=context=] in [[#Project]]
Description:
    Identifies a [=Collection=] listing the subprojects of this [=Project=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=11>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer",
    "type": "Project",

    "name": "Wanderer",
    "summary": "3D nature exploration game",
    "subprojects": {
        "type": "Collection",
        "totalItems": 2,
        "items": [
            "https://dev.example/projects/nature-3d-models",
            "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer-fundraising"
        ]
    },

    "inbox": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/projects/wanderer/followers"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Team membership and nesting

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>hasMember</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#hasMember
Domain: [=Team=]
Range: [=Person=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifier a [=Person=] who is a member of this [=Team=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>members</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#members
Domain: [=Team=]
Range:
    [=Collection=] of [=Relationship=]s whose [=relationship=] is [=hasMember=]
    and whose [=subject=] is this `Team`.
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifies a collection of the members of this [=Team=], represented as
    [=hasMember=] [=Relationship=]s.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>subteams</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#subteams
Domain: [=Team=]
Range: [=Collection=] of [=Team=]s.
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifies a collection of the subteams of this [=Team=], i.e. teams whose
    members inherit the access that this team's members have to projects and to
    project components (such as [=Repository=]s).
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

### Ticket assignment and resolution

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>assignedTo</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#assignedTo
Domain: [=Ticket=]
Range: [=Person=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifies the [=Person=] assigned to work on this [=Ticket=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>isResolved</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#isResolved
Domain: [=Ticket=]
Range: `xsd:boolean`
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies whether the [=Ticket=] is closed, i.e. the work on it is done and
    it doesn't need to attract attention anymore.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>resolvedBy</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#resolvedBy
Domain: [=Ticket=]
Range: [=Object=] than is an actor, or [=Activity=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifies the Actor who has resolved the [=Ticket=], or the activity that
    has resolved the Ticket.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>resolved</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#resolved
Domain: [=Ticket=]
Range: `xsd:dateTime`
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    For a resolved [=Ticket=], specifies the time the Ticket has been resolved.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

### Ticket dependencies

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>dependsOn</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#dependsOn
Domain: [=Ticket=]
Range: [=Ticket=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: [=dependedBy=]
Description:
    Identifies one or more tickets on which this [=Ticket=] depends, i.e. it
    can't be resolved without those tickets being resolved too.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>dependedBy</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#dependedBy
Domain: [=Ticket=]
Range: [=Ticket=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: [=dependsOn=]
Description:
    Identifies one or more tickets which depend on this [=Ticket=], i.e. they
    can't be resolved without this tickets being resolved too.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>dependencies</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#dependencies
Domain: [=Ticket=]
Range: [=Collection=] of items of type [=TicketDependency=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifies a [=Collection=] of [=TicketDependency=] which specify tickets
    that this [=Ticket=] depends on, i.e. this ticket is the [=subject=] of the
    [=dependsOn=] relationship.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>dependants</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#dependants
Domain: [=Ticket=]
Range: [=Collection=] of items of type [=TicketDependency=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifies a [=Collection=] of [=TicketDependency=] which specify tickets
    that depends on this [=Ticket=], i.e. this ticket is the [=object=] of the
    [=dependsOn=] relationship. Often called "reverse dependencies".
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

### Repository cloning

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>cloneUri</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#cloneUri
Domain: [=Repository=]
Range: [=Object=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: None
Description:
    An endpoint that can be used with a VCS protocol such as Git or Mercurial
    to access a given repository.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

### Repository pushing

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>hashBefore</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#hashBefore
Domain: [=Push=]
Range: `xsd:string` of hexadecimal digit ASCII characters
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies the hash of the commit that the pushed branch/repo was pointing
    to *right before* the push happpened.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>hashAfter</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#hashAfter
Domain: [=Push=]
Range: `xsd:string` of hexadecimal digit ASCII characters
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies the hash of the commit that the pushed branch/repo was pointing
    to *right after* the push happpened.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

### Commits and branches

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export lt="prop-repository">repository</dfn> (DEPRECATED)
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#repository
Domain: [=Commit=]
Range: [=Repository=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifies the repository to which a commit belongs. DEPRECATED: Use the
    standard ActivityPub `context` property instead.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>description</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#description
Domain: [=Commit=]
Range:
    [=Object=], specifying [=content=] and [=mediaType=]. The `mediaType`
    SHOULD be `"text/plain"`.
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies the description text of a [=Commit=], which is an optional
    possibly multi-line text provided in addition to the one-line commit title.
    The range of the `description` property works the same way the range of the
    ActivityPub [=source=] property works.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=14>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo/commits/109ec9a09c7df7fec775d2ba0b9d466e5643ec8c",
    "type": "Commit",
    "context": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo",
    "attributedTo": "https://example.dev/bob",
    "hash": "109ec9a09c7df7fec775d2ba0b9d466e5643ec8c",
    "created": "2019-07-11T12:34:56Z",
    "summary": "Add an installation script, fixes issue #89",

    "description": {
        "mediaType": "text/plain",
        "content": "It's about time people can install on their computers!"
    },
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>committedBy</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#committedBy
Domain: [=Commit=]
Range: [=Object=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifies the actor (usually a person, but could be something else, e.g. a
    bot) that added a set of changes to the version-control [=Repository=].
    Sometimes the author of the changes and the committer of those changes
    aren't the same actor, in which case the `committedBy` property can be used
    to specify who added the changes to the repository. For example, when
    applying a patch to a repository, e.g. a Git repository, the author would
    be the person who made the patch, and the committer would be the person who
    applied the patch to their copy of the repository.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>hash</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#hash
Domain: [=Commit=]
Range: `xsd:string` of hexadecimal digit ASCII characters
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies the hash associated with a [=Commit=], which is a unique
    identifier of the commit within the [=Repository=], usually generated as a
    cryptographic hash function of some (or all) of the commit's data or
    metadata.  For example, in Git it would be the SHA1 hash of the commit; in
    Darcs it would be the SHA1 hash of the patch info.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>committed</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#committed
Domain: [=Commit=]
Range: `xsd:dateTime`
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies the time that a set of changes was committed into the
    [=Repository=] and became a [=Commit=] in it. This can be different from
    the time the set of changes was produced, e.g. if one person creates a
    patch and sends to another, and the other person then applies the patch to
    their copy of the repository. We call the former event "created" and the
    latter event "committed", and this latter event is specified by the
    `committed` property.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>filesAdded</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#filesAdded
Domain: [=Commit=]
Range: `xsd:string`
Functional: No
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies a filename, as a relative path, relative to the top of the tree
    of files in the [=Repository=], of a file that got added in this
    [=Commit=], and didn't exist in the previous version of the tree.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>filesModified</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#filesModified
Domain: [=Commit=]
Range: `xsd:string`
Functional: No
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies a filename, as a relative path, relative to the top of the tree
    of files in the [=Repository=], of a file that existed in the previous
    version of the tree, and its contents got modified in this [=Commit=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>filesRemoved</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#filesRemoved
Domain: [=Commit=]
Range: `xsd:string`
Functional: No
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies a filename, as a relative path, relative to the top of the tree
    of files in the [=Repository=], of a file that existed in the previous
    version of the tree, and got removed from the tree in this [=Commit=].
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>ref</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#ref
Domain: [=Branch=]
Range: `xsd:string`
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies an identifier for a [=Branch=], that is used in the
    [=Repository=] to uniquely refer to it. For example, in Git,
    "refs/heads/master" would be the `ref` of the master branch.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=11>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo/branches/master",
    "type": "Branch",
    "name": "master",
    "context": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo",

    "ref": "refs/heads/master"
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Activity addressing

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export lt="prop-team">team</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#team
Domain: [=Object=]
Range: [=Collection=] of actors
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies a [=Collection=] of actors who are working on the object, or
    responsible for it, or managing or administrating it, or having edit access
    to it. For example, for a [=Repository=], it could be the people who have
    push/edit access, the "collaborators" of the repository.
</pre>

<div class=example>
A repository *https://dev.example/aviva/treesim*:

<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=20>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://w3id.org/security/v1",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
    "type": "Repository",
    "publicKey": {
        "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim#main-key",
        "owner": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
        "publicKeyPem": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhki....."
    },
    "inbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/inbox",
    "outbox": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/outbox",
    "followers": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/followers",
    "name": "Tree Growth 3D Simulation",
    "summary": "<p>Tree growth 3D simulator for my nature exploration game</p>",

    "team": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/team"
}
</xmp>

The repository's team *https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/team*:

<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=4>
{
    "@context": "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim/team",
    "type": "Collection",
    "totalItems": 3,
    "items": [
        "https://dev.example/aviva",
        "https://dev.example/luke",
        "https://code.community/users/lorax"
    ]
}
</xmp>

</div>

### Tracker linking

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>ticketsTrackedBy</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#ticketsTrackedBy
Domain: [=Object=]
Range: [=Object=] that is an actor
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: [=tracksTicketsFor=]
Description:
    Identifies the actor which tracks tickets related to the given object. This
    is the actor to whom you send tickets you'd like to open against the
    object.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=10>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim",
    "type": "Repository",
    "name": "Tree Growth 3D Simulation",
    "summary": "<p>Tree growth 3D simulator for my nature exploration game</p>",
    "ticketsTrackedBy": "https://bugs.example/projects/treesim"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>tracksTicketsFor</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#tracksTicketsFor
Domain: [=Object=] that is an actor
Range: [=Object=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: [=ticketsTrackedBy=]
Description:
    Identifies objects for which which this ticket tracker tracks tickets. When
    you'd like to open a ticket against those objects, you can send them to
    this tracker.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://bugs.example/treesim",
    "type": "Project",
    "tracksTicketsFor": [
        "https://dev.example/aviva/liblsystem",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/3d-tree-models",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim"
    ]
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>sendPatchesTo</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#sendPatchesTo
Domain: [=Repository=]
Range: [=PatchTracker=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: [=tracksPatchesFor=]
Description:
    Identifies the [=PatchTracker=] which tracks patches and merge requests
    related to the given repository. This is the actor to whom you send patches
    and merge requests you'd like to open against the repository.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=10>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://dev.example/repos/treesim",
    "type": "Repository",
    "name": "Tree Growth 3D Simulation",
    "summary": "<p>Tree growth 3D simulator for my nature exploration game</p>",
    "sendPatchesTo": "https://bugs.example/pr-trackers/treesim"
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>tracksPatchesFor</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#tracksPatchesFor
Domain: [=PatchTracker=]
Range: [=Repository=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: [=sendPatchesTo=]
Description:
    Identifies a repository for which which this patch and merge request
    tracker tracks patches and merge requests. When you'd like to open patches
    or merge requests against that repository, you can send them to this
    tracker.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://project.example/treesim",
    "type": "PatchTracker",
    "tracksPatchesFor": [
        "https://dev.example/aviva/liblsystem",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/3d-tree-models",
        "https://dev.example/aviva/treesim"
    ]
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Repository forking

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>forkedFrom</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#forkedFrom
Domain: [=Repository=]
Range: [=Repository=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: [=forks=]
Description:
    Identifies the [=Repository=] which this [=Repository=] was created as a
    fork of, i.e. by cloning it.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/alice/myfork/",
    "type": "Repository",
    "forkedFrom": {
        "type": "Repository",
        "id": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo/"
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>forks</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#forks
Domain: [=Repository=]
Range: [=OrderedCollection=] of items of type [=Repository=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: [=forkedFrom=]
Description:
    Identifies an [=OrderedCollection=] of [=Repository=]s which were created
    as forks of this [=Repository=], i.e. by cloning it. The order of the
    collection items is by reverse chronological order of the forking events.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo/",
    "type": "Repository",
    "forks": {
        "type": "OrderedCollection",
        "totalItems": 1,
        "orderedItems": [
            {
                "id": "https://example.dev/alice/myfork/",
                "type": "Repository",
            }
        ]
    },
}
</xmp>
</div>

### Access control

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>fulfills</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#fulfills
Domain: [=Activity=]
Range: [=Activity=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: None
Description:
    For an activity *A* that `fulfills` some other activity *B*, specifies that
    *A* has been published as part of fulfilling the action requested by *B*.
    For example, if Alice creates a new repository using `Create`, she may want
    to instantly automatically start following this new repository using
    `Follow` (to be notified when her friends push commits there).  This
    `Follow` `fulfills` the `Create`; it's an activity automatically sent as
    part of creating a new repository.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>allows</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#allows
Domain: [=Grant=]
Range: [=CapabilityUsage=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies which modes of using this [=Grant=] are being allowd by it. The
    two conceptual operations that `Grant`s support are invocation (acting on
    the resource under the specified role) and delegation (passing on the
    access to more actors, possibly with reduced privileges). This property
    specifies which of these operations are supported, and under which
    conditions. See [=CapabilityUsage=] for specific values to use.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>capability</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#capability
Domain: [=Activity=]
Range: [=Grant=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Specifies a previously published [=Grant=] activity providing relevant
    access permissions. For example, if Alice wants to resolve a [=Ticket=]
    under some project, she will send an activity with `capability` referring
    to the `Grant` activity that gave her collaborator access to that project,
    which happens to include permission to resolve tickets.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>managedBy</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#managedBy
Domain: [=Object=]
Range: [=Object=] that is an actor
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Identifies the actor that controls the given resource, and to whom
    activities asking to modify the resource may be submitted.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "type": "Ticket",
    "id": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo/issues/42",
    "context": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo",
    "managedBy": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo",
    "attributedTo": "https://dev.community/bob",
    "summary": "Nothing works!",
    "content": "<p>Please fix. <i>Everything</i> is broken!</p>",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "source": {
        "content": "Please fix. *Everything* is broken!",
        "mediaType": "text/markdown; variant=CommonMark"
    },
    "isResolved": false
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>delegates</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#delegates
Domain: [=Grant=]
Range: [=Grant=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: None
Description:
    Actors can use [=Grant=] activities to allow other actors to access their
    resources. They can also allow those other actors to pass on (delegate)
    this access to even more actors. For a `Grant` that delegates access
    provided by an earlier `Grant`, the former uses `delegates` to specify the
    latter. That earlier `Grant` is also called the "parent capability" of this
    `Grant`.
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=9>
TODO
</xmp>
</div>

### Repository mirroring

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>mirrors</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#mirrors
Domain: [=Repository=]
Range: [=Repository=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: [=mirroredBy=]
Description:
    Identifies the [=Repository=] which this [=Repository=] copies content from
    (i.e. what this repository is a "pull mirror" of).
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/alice/mymirror/",
    "type": "Repository",
    "mirrors": {
        "type": "Repository",
        "id": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo/"
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>mirroredBy</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#mirroredBy
Domain: [=Repository=]
Range: [=Repository=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: [=mirrors=]
Description:
    Identifies a [=Repository=] which copies content from this repository (i.e.
    "pull mirror" of this repository).
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/luke/myrepo/",
    "type": "Repository",
    "mirroredBy": {
        "type": "Repository",
        "id": "https://example.dev/alice/mymirror/"
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>mirrorsTo</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#mirrorsTo
Domain: [=Repository=]
Range: [=Repository=]
Functional: No
Inverse of: [=mirroredFrom=]
Description:
    Identifies a [=Repository=] which this repository copies content to (i.e.
    "push mirror" of this repository)
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo/",
    "type": "Repository",
    "mirrorsTo": {
        "type": "Repository",
        "id": "https://example.dev/alice-backup/myrepo/"
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>mirroredFrom</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#mirroredFrom
Domain: [=Repository=]
Range: [=Repository=]
Functional: Yes
Inverse of: [=mirrorsTo=]
Description:
    Identifies the [=Repository=] which copies its content to this
    [=Repository=] (ie. what this repository is a "push mirror" of).
</pre>

<div class=example>
<xmp highlight=json-ld line-highlight=8>
{
    "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
        "https://forgefed.org/ns"
    ],
    "id": "https://example.dev/alice-backup/myrepo/",
    "type": "Repository",
    "mirroredFrom": {
        "type": "Repository",
        "id": "https://example.dev/alice/myrepo/"
    }
}
</xmp>
</div>

## Values

### Capability uses

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>gatherAndConvey</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#gatherAndConvey
Type: [=CapabilityUsage=]
Conditions:
    <ul>
        <li>
            The `Grant`'s [=target=] MUST be a [=Project=]
        </li>
        <li>
            It may delegate the `Grant`, allowing only `gatherAndConvey`, to
            parent projects
        </li>
        <li>
            It may delegate the `Grant`, allowing only `distribute`, to teams
            to which it allows to access it
        </li>
        <li>
            It may delegate the `Grant`, allowing `invoke` only, to people to
            which it allows to access it
        </li>
    </ul>
</pre>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>distribute</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#distribute
Type: [=CapabilityUsage=]
Conditions:
    <ul>
        <li>
            The `Grant`'s [=target=] MUST be a [=Team=]
        </li>
        <li>
            It may delegate the `Grant`, allowing `distribute` only, to its
            subteams
        </li>
        <li>
            It may delegate the `Grant`, allowing `invoke` only, to its members
        </li>
    </ul>
</pre>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>invoke</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#invoke
Type: [=CapabilityUsage=]
Conditions:
    <ul>
        <li>
            The `Grant`'s [=target=] may invoke it, i.e. use it as the
            [=capability=] in another activity, that requests to access or
            modify the resource specified by the `Grant`'s [=context=]
        </li>
    </ul>
</pre>

### Roles

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>visit</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#visit
Type: [=Role=]
Description:
    Authorizes the [=Grant=] recipient (i.e. [=target=]) to view the [=Grant=]
    resource (i.e. [=context=]), which includes retrieving objects via HTTP and
    pulling/cloning VCS repos
</pre>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>report</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#report
Type: [=Role=]
Description:
    Authorizes the [=Grant=] recipient (i.e. [=target=]) to do on the [=Grant=]
    resource (i.e. [=context=]) anything that the [=visit=] role authorizes,
    and also to do basic community participation tasks:
    [Open an issue](#opening-issue),
    [submit a PR](#opening-mr),
    [create comments](#commenting)
    and discussion threads,
    edit public wikis,
    submit PR reviews.
</pre>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>triage</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#triage
Type: [=Role=]
Description:
    Authorizes the [=Grant=] recipient (i.e. [=target=]) to do on the [=Grant=]
    resource (i.e. [=context=]) anything that the [=report=] role authorizes,
    and also to edit issue/PR propeties (labels, milestones, due dates, etc.),
    close and reopen issues and PRs, assign and unassign people to issues and
    PRs, request PR reviews, hide disruptive comments (a moderation action),
    lock and move discussions.
</pre>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>write</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#write
Type: [=Role=]
Description:
    Authorizes the [=Grant=] recipient (i.e. [=target=]) to do on the [=Grant=]
    resource (i.e. [=context=]) anything that the [=triage=] role authorizes,
    and also to
    apply PR suggested changes,
    edit non-public wikis,
    create/edit/delete labels,
    merge a PR,
    [push to VCS repositories](#pushing),
    create/edit/run/cancel CI recipes,
    manage releases,
    publish packages,
    create web IDE coding sessions.
</pre>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>maintain</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#maintain
Type: [=Role=]
Description:
    Authorizes the [=Grant=] recipient (i.e. [=target=]) to do on the [=Grant=]
    resource (i.e. [=context=]) anything that the [=write=] role authorizes,
    and also to edit project and component descriptions and settings unrelated
    to access, enable/disable components, configure "Pages" publishing of
    static websites from repos, push to repos' protected branches.
</pre>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>admin</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#admin
Type: [=Role=]
Description:
    Authorizes the [=Grant=] recipient (i.e. [=target=]) to do on the [=Grant=]
    resource (i.e. [=context=]) anything that the [=maintain=] role authorizes,
    and also to
    [manage access to projects, components and teams](#managing-access),
    merge PRs even without reviews,
    delete issues,
    change project/component/team visibility,
    edit project/component/team access-related settings,
    change a repo's default branch,
    manage webhooks and deployment,
    move components and projects between projects,
    archive projects/components,
    delete components/projects/teams.
</pre>

<pre class=simpledef>
Name: <dfn dfn export>delegate</dfn>
URI: https://forgefed.org/ns#delegate
Type: [=Role=]
Description:
    Authorizes the [=Grant=] recipient (i.e. [=target=]) to send access
    delegations to the [=Grant=] sender (i.e. [=actor=])
</pre>

<pre class=biblio>
{
    "wikipedia-ticket-tracker": {
        "href": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issue_tracking_system",
        "title": "Wikipedia: Issue tracking system"
    },
    "wikipedia-pr": {
        "href": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_version_control#Pull_requests",
        "title": "Wikipedia: Pull requests"
    },
    "fep-8b32": {
        "href": "https://codeberg.org/fediverse/fep/src/branch/main/feps/fep-8b32.md",
        "title": "FEP-8b32: Object Integrity Proofs"
    }
}
</pre>

<pre class=anchors>
urlPrefix: https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-2/#; type: dfn; spec: xmlschema11-2
    text: dateTime
urlPrefix: http://purl.org/dc/terms/; type: dfn; spec: dcterms
    text: created
urlPrefix: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-vocabulary/#dfn-; type: dfn; spec: activitystreams-vocabulary
    text: Accept
    text: Add
    text: Create
    text: Invite
    text: Join
    text: Leave
    text: Offer
    text: Reject
    text: Remove
    text: Undo
urlPrefix: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-vocabulary/#dfn-; type: dfn; spec: activitystreams-vocabulary
    text: Activity
    text: Collection
    text: Image
    text: Link
    text: Note
    text: Object
    text: OrderedCollection
    text: Person
urlPrefix: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitystreams-vocabulary/#dfn-; type: dfn; spec: activitystreams-vocabulary
    text: actor
    text: attachment
    text: attributedTo
    text: content
    text: context
    text: duration
    text: endTime
    text: id
    text: inbox
    text: inReplyTo
    text: instrument
    text: items
    text: mediaType
    text: name
    text: object
    text: orderedItems
    text: origin
    text: published
    text: relationship
    text: replies
    text: result
    text: source
    text: startTime
    text: subject
    text: summary
    text: tag
    text: target
    text: to
    text: type
urlPrefix: https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/#; type: dfn; spec: activitypub
    text: followers
</pre>