-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


GNU's Bulletin						 January, 1995


	   The GNU's Bulletin is the semi-annual newsletter of the

		   Free Software Foundation, bringing you

			 news about the GNU Project.



Free Software Foundation, Inc.	      Telephone: +1-617-876-3296
675 Massachusetts Avenue	      Fax: (including Japan) +1-617-492-9057
Cambridge, MA	02139-3309	      Free Dial Fax (in Japan):
USA						      0031-13-2473 (KDD)
Electronic mail: `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'		      0066-3382-0158 (IDC)




Table of Contents
-----------------

	GNU's Who
	Administrivia and Copyright
	What Is the FSF?
	What Is Copyleft?
	What Is the Hurd?
	Free Software Redistributors Donate
	Help from Free Software Companies
	Phil Zimmermann Legal Defense Fund Appeal
	Free Software Support
	News from the LPF
	What Is the LPF?
	End of Apple Boycott
	Third Annual GNU Seminars in Japan
	GNU and Other Free Software in Japan
	Free Unix for Romania
	GNUs Flashes
	Guile: GNUs' Ubiquitous Extension Language
	Help the GNU Locale Project
	Forthcoming GNUs
	Freely Available Texts
	GNU Software
	Program/Package Cross Reference
	Tapes
	   Languages Tape
	   Lisps and Emacs Tape
	   Utilities Tape
	   Scheme Tape
	   X11 Tapes
	   Berkeley 4.4BSD--Lite Tape
	   VMS Emacs and VMS Compiler Tapes
	CD-ROMs
	   Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs
	   MS-DOS CD-ROM
	   Debian GNU/Linux CD-ROM
	   Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
	   Source Code CD-ROMs
	      December 1994 Source Code CD-ROM
	      May 1994 Source Code CD-ROM
	      November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM
	MS-DOS Diskettes
	   DJGPP Diskettes
	   Emacs Diskettes
	   Selected Utilities Diskettes
	   Windows Diskette
	Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service
	The Deluxe Distribution
	GNU Documentation
	How to Get GNU Software
	Other GPLed Software
	Free Software for Microcomputers
	FSF T-shirt
	Project GNU Wish List
	Thank GNUs
	Donations Translate Into Free Software
	Cygnus Matches Donations!
	Free Software Foundation Order Form
	Address Page

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GNU's Who
*********

Ian Murdock joins us to do Debian GNU/Linux releases and other programming
tasks.	Michael Bushnell and Roland McGrath work together on the Hurd.
Roland also maintains `make' and the GNU C library.  Karl Heuer enhances GNU
Emacs.	 Dan Hagerty has been hired as our system obfuscator and release
coordinator.  Charles Hannum works on typesetting and many other jobs.

Robert J. Chassell is our Secretary/Treasurer.	Lisa Bloch is our Executive
Director.  Carl Hoffman is our Japan fundraiser and conference organizer.
Recent hire Mike Drain is our distribution manager and Bryttan Bradley
mangage many of the functions of the Business Office.

Mark Ashton worked on OCR software for us this summer and has now gone back
to finish college.  Noah Friedman, Jan Brittenson, Larissa Carlson and
Len Kagelmacher have left the FSF.  We thank them all for doing excellent work
and for continuing to volunteer their time.  Noah was one of the most
dedicated and hardest working employees we have had and is particularly
missed.

Richard Stallman continues as a volunteer who does countless tasks, such as
Emacs maintenance.  Thanks to volunteers Scott Ewing and Raja Daoud for
helping to coordinate all the volunteers in the GNU Project.  Thanks to
volunteer Tami Friedman for handling much administrivia here at the FSF.
Volunteer Len Tower remains our online JOAT (jack-of-all-trades), handling
mailing lists and gnUSENET, information requests, etc.



Administrivia and Copyright
***************************

Written and Edited by: Karl Heuer, Daniel Hagerty,
  Robert J. Chassell and Leonard H. Tower Jr.

Illustrations by: Etienne Suvasa

Japanese Edition by: Mieko Hikichi and Nobuyuki Hikichi

ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): 1075-7813

The GNU's Bulletin is published at the end of January and the end of June of
each year.  Please note that there is no postal mailing list.  To get a copy,
send your name and address with your request to the address on page 1.
Enclosing a business sized self-addressed stamped envelope ($0.52) and/or a
donation of a few dollars is appreciated but not required.  If you're from
outside the USA, sending a mailing label and enough International Reply
Coupons for a package of about 100 grams is appreciated but not required.
(Including a few extra International Reply Coupons for copying costs is also
appreciated.)

Copyright (C) 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of this
document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and permission
notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the recipient
permission for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.



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     *...imagine how little used calculus would have been if a court had
     decided that no one could study, use or do research on it without paying
     a royalty to Newton's designated heirs.*

     - The Independent, October 5, 1992



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What Is the FSF?
****************

The Free Software Foundation is dedicated to eliminating restrictions on
people's right to use, copy, modify and redistribute computer programs.	 We
do this by promoting the development and use of free software.	Specifically,
we are putting together a complete, integrated software system named "GNU"
(pronounced "guh-new", "GNU's Not Unix") that will be upwardly compatible
with Unix.  Most parts of this system are already being used and distributed.

The word "free" in our name refers to freedom, not price.  You may or may not
pay money to get GNU software, but either way you have two specific freedoms
once you get it: first, the freedom to copy a program and give it away to your
friends and co-workers; and second, the freedom to change a program as you
wish, by having full access to source code.  You can study the source and
learn how such programs are written.  You may then be able to port it, improve
it and share your changes with others.	If you redistribute GNU software you
may charge a distribution fee or give it away, so long as you include the
source code and the GPL; see ``What Is Copyleft'', for details.

Other organizations distribute whatever free software happens to be available.
By contrast, the Free Software Foundation concentrates on the development of
new free software, working towards a GNU system complete enough to eliminate
the need to use a proprietary system.

Besides developing GNU, the FSF distributes GNU software and manuals for a
distribution fee and accepts gifts (tax-deductible in the U.S.) to support GNU
development.  Most of the FSF's funds come from its distribution service.

The Board of the Foundation is: Richard M. Stallman, President;
Robert J. Chassell, Secretary/Treasurer; Gerald J. Sussman, Harold Abelson,
and Leonard H. Tower Jr., Directors.



What Is Copyleft?
*****************

The simplest way to make a program free is to put it in the public domain,
uncopyrighted.	But this permits proprietary modified versions, which deny
others the freedom to redistribute and modify; such versions undermine the
goal of giving freedom to *all* users.	To prevent this, "copyleft" uses
copyrights in a novel manner.  Typically copyrights take away freedoms;
copyleft preserves them.  It is a legal instrument that requires those who
pass on a program to include the rights to use, modify, and redistribute the
code; the code and the freedoms become legally inseparable.

The copyleft used by the GNU Project is made from the combination of a
regular copyright notice and the "GNU General Public License" (GPL).  The GPL
is a copying license which basically says that you have the aforementioned
freedoms.  An alternate form, the "GNU Library General Public License"
(LGPL), applies to a few GNU libraries.	 This license permits linking the
libraries into proprietary executables under certain conditions.  The
appropriate license is included in each GNU source code distribution and in
many manuals.  Printed copies are available upon request.

We strongly encourage you to copyleft your programs and documentation, and we
have made it as simple as possible for you to do so.  The details on how to
apply either form of public license appear at the end of each license.



What Is the Hurd?
*****************

The Hurd will be the foundation of the whole GNU system.  It is is a
collection of server processes that run on top of Mach, a free
message-passing kernel developed by CMU.  Mach's virtual memory management
and message-passing facilities are extensively used by the Hurd.  The GNU C
Library will provide the Unix system call interface, using the Hurd servers
for those services it can't provide itself.

One goal of the Hurd is to establish a framework for shared development and
maintenance.  The Hurd is like GNU Emacs in that it will allow users to
create and share useful projects without knowing much about the internal
workings of the system--projects that might never have been attempted without
freely available source, a well-designed interface, and a multiple server
design.

Currently there are free ports of the Mach kernel to the 386 PC, the DEC PMAX
workstation, and several other machines, with more in progress, including the
Amiga, PA-RISC HP 700 & DEC Alpha-3000.	 Contact us if you want to help with
one of these or start your own.	 Porting the GNU Hurd & GNU C Library is easy
(easier than porting GNU Emacs, certainly easier than porting GCC) once a
Mach port to a particular platform exists.  Right now we are using the
University of Utah's Mach distribution, but we hope that will be unified with
the distribution produced by the Open Software Foundation.

Important progress has been made recently; see ``GNUs Flashes''.

There are significant projects relating to the Hurd for which we need
volunteers.  Experienced system programmers who are interested should send
mail to `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'.	Porting the Mach kernel or the GNU C Library
to new systems is another way to help development of the Hurd.



Free Software Redistributors Donate
***********************************

by Richard Stallman

The Sun Users Group Deutschland has agreed to add a donation to the FSF to
the price of their next CD-ROM of GNU software.	 Potential purchasers will
know precisely how much of the price is for the FSF and how much is for SUGD.
Austin Code Works, a redistributor of free software, is supporting free
software development by giving the FSF 20% of the selling price for the GNU
software packages they produce and sell.  Walnut Creek CD-ROM, Inc. and Info
Magic, two more free software redistributors, are also giving us a percentage
of their selling price.	 CQ Publishing made a large donation from the sales
of their book about GAWK in Japanese.

In the long run, the success of free software depends on how much new free
software people develop.  Free software distribution offers an opportunity to
raise funds for such development in an ethical way.  These redistributors
have made use of the opportunity.  Many others let it go to waste.

You can help promote free software development by convincing for-a-fee
redistributors to contribute--either by doing development themselves, or by
donating to development organizations (the FSF and others).

The way to convince distributors to contribute is to demand and expect this
of them.  This means choosing among distributors partly by how much they give
to free software development.  Then you can show distributors they must
compete to be the one who gives the most.

To make this work, you must insist on numbers that you can compare, such as,
"We will give ten dollars to the Foobar project for each disk sold." A vague
commitment, such as "A portion of the profits are donated", doesn't give you
a basis for comparison.	 Even a precise fraction "of the profits from this
disk" is not very meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated
business decisions can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts
as profit.

Also, press developers for firm information about what kind of development
they do or support.  Some kinds make much more long-term difference than
others.	 For example, maintaining a separate version of a GNU program
contributes very little; maintaining a program on behalf of the GNU Project
contributes much.  Easy new ports contribute little, since someone else would
surely do them; difficult ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU compiler
contribute more; major new features and programs contribute the most.

By establishing the idea that supporting further development is "the proper
thing to do" when distributing free software for a fee, we can assure a
steady flow of resources for making more free software.



Help from Free Software Companies
*********************************

When choosing a free software business, ask those you are considering how
much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money
to free software development or by writing free software improvements
themselves for general use.  By basing your decision partially on this
factor, you can help encourage those who profit from free software to
contribute to its growth.

These free software support companies regularly donate a part of their income
to the Free Software Foundation to support the development of new GNU
programs.  Listing them here is our way of thanking them.  Wingnut has made a
pledge to donate 10% of their income to the FSF, and have also purchased
several Deluxe Distribution packages in Japan.	(Wingnut is SRA's special GNU
support group).	 Also see ``Cygnus Matches Donations!''.

	Wingnut Project
	Software Research Associates, Inc.
	1-1-1 Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku
	Tokyo 102, Japan

	Phone:	(+81-3)3234-2611
	Fax:	(+81-3)3942-5174
	E-mail: `info-wingnut@sra.co.jp'

	Contributed Software GbR
	Graefestr. 76
	D-10967 Berlin
	Germany

	Telephone: (+49-30) 694-69-07
	Fax:	   (+49-30) 694-68-09
	Electronic-Mail: `info@contrib.de'
	BBS & no-charge free software archive:
	   Dialins: (+49-30) 693-40-51 (eight USR DS's)
		    (+49-30) 694-60-55 (five ZyXELs)
	   Telnet:  `uropax.contrib.de' [192.109.39.2]
	FTP: `ftp.contrib.de'
	WWW: `http://www.contrib.de/'



Zimmermann Legal Defense Fund Appeal
************************************

Phil Zimmermann, who wrote the public-key encryption program known as Pretty
Good Privacy ("PGP") and released it on the Internet, is now facing
prosecution for "exporting" it out of the United States.

There is a law prohibiting the export of encryption software from the US.
Zimmermann did not do this, but the US government hopes to establish the
proposition that posting an encryption program on a BBS or on the Internet
constitutes exporting it--in effect, stretching export control into domestic
censorship.   If the government wins, that will have a chilling effect on the
free flow of information on the global network, as well as on everyone's
privacy from government snooping.

Estimates are that Zimmermann's defense will cost over $100,000--and that
doesn't even count lawyers' fees.  To help pay this, a legal trust fund, the
Philip Zimmermann Defense Fund (PZDF), has been established.  Donations are
accepted in any reliable form, check, money order, or wire transfer, and in
any currency, as well as by credit card.

To send a check or money order by mail, make it payable, *not* to Phil
Zimmermann, but to "Philip L. Dubois, Attorney Trust Account." Mail the check
or money order to the following address:
	Philip Dubois
	2305 Broadway
	Boulder, CO   80304
	USA

	Telephone: +1-303-444-3885

To send a wire transfer, your bank will need the following information:
	Bank: VectraBank
	Routing #: 107004365
	Account #: 0113830
	Account Name: ``Philip L. Dubois, Attorney Trust Account''



Free Software Support
*********************

The Free Software Foundation does not provide technical support.  Our mission
is developing software, because that is the most time-efficient way to
increase what free software can do.  We leave it to others to earn a living
providing support.  We see programmers as providing a service, much as
doctors and lawyers now do; both medical and legal knowledge are freely
redistributable, but their practitioners charge for service.

The GNU Service Directory is a list of people who offer support and other
consulting services.  It is in the file `etc/SERVICE' in the GNU Emacs
distribution, `SERVICE' in the GCC distribution and `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/SERVICE'
on a GNU FTP host (see ``How to Get GNU Software'' for a list).	 Contact us
if you would like a copy or wish to be listed in it.  Those service providers
who share their income with the FSF are listed in ``Help from Free Software
Companies''.

If you find a deficiency in any GNU software, we want to know.	We have many
Internet mailing lists for bug reports, announcements and questions.  They
are also gatewayed into USENET news as the `gnu.*' newsgroups.	You can
request a list of the mailing lists from either address on page 1.

When we receive a bug report, we usually try to fix the problem.  While our
bug fixes may seem like individual assistance, they are not; they are part of
preparing a new improved version.  We may send you a patch for a bug so that
you can help us test the fix and ensure its quality.  If your bug report does
not evoke a solution from us, you may still get one from another user who
reads our bug report mailing lists.  Otherwise, use the Service Directory.

Please do not ask us to help you install software or figure out how to use
it--but do tell us how an installation script fails or where documentation is
unclear.

If you have no Internet access, you can get mail and USENET news via UUCP.
Contact a local UUCP site, or a commercial UUCP site such as:

	UUNET Communications Services
	3110 Fairview Park Drive -- Suite 570
	Falls Church, VA   22042
	USA

	Telephone: +1-800-4UUNET4
		   +1-703-204-8000
	Fax:	   +1-703-204-8001
	Electronic-Mail: `info@uunet.uu.net'

A list of commercial UUCP and Internet service providers is posted
periodically to USENET in the newsgroup `news.announce.newusers' with
`Subject: How to become a USENET site'.	 You can also get it via anonymous
FTP from the host `rtfm.mit.edu' in the file `How_to_become_a_USENET_site',
in the directory `/pub/usenet-by-group/news.announce.newusers'.

When choosing a service provider, ask those you are considering how much they
do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money to free
software development or by writing free software improvements themselves for
general use.  By basing your decision partially on this factor, you can
encourage those who profit from free software to contribute to its growth.



News from the LPF
*****************



Changing Tactics
----------------

The LPF has recently been placing less emphasis on communicating its position
to individual programmers, and more on communicating with government and
industry.

During 1994, the LPF testified at two patent office hearings and filed papers
in two court cases (the Lotus v. Borland appeal and another look and feel
case in Texas).	 These activities are less visible to the public, but directly
relate to the goals of the LPF.

The LPF has also decided to drop the boycott against look and feel plantiffs
as a tactic.

The LPF has been attempting to establish relationships with companies within
the software industry.	Adobe, Autodesk, Oracle, Synopsis, and Wind River
Systems have all publically issued statements opposed to software patents.

It is a slow process, but real progress is being made.



Web Site
--------

The LPF now has a World Wide Web server.  It contains general information
relating to the LPF, various documents the LPF has published, and any other
related information the LPF is able to assemble.  The Web site is available
at URL: `http://www.lpf.org/'.	Please suggest improvements to:
`webmasters@lpf.org'.



What Is the LPF?
****************

The League for Programming Freedom (LPF) aims to protect the freedom to write
software.  This freedom is threatened by "look-and-feel" interface copyright
lawsuits and by software patents.

The League for Programming Freedom is a grass-roots organization of
professors, students, business people, programmers, users, and and even
software companies dedicated to bringing back the freedom to write programs.
The League is not opposed to the legal system that Congress
intended--copyright on individual programs.  Our aim is to reverse the recent
changes made by judges in response to special interests.

Membership dues in the League are $42 per year for programmers, managers and
professionals; $10.50 for students; $21 for others.   To join, please send a
check and the following information:

   * Your name and phone numbers (home, work, or both).

   * The address to use for League mailings, a few each year (please indicate
     whether it is your home address or your work address).

   * The company you work for, and your position.

   * Your email address, so the League can contact you for political action.
     (If you don't want to be contacted for this, please say so, but please
     provide your email address anyway.)

   * Please mention anything about you which would enable your
     endorsement of the LPF to impress the public.

   * Please say whether you would like to help with LPF activities.

The League is not connected with the Free Software Foundation and is not
concerned with the issue of free software.  The FSF supports the LPF because,
like any software developer smaller than IBM, it is endangered by software
patents and interface copyrights.  You are in danger, too!  It would be easy
to ignore the problem until you or your employer is sued, but it is more
prudent to organize before that happens.

If you haven't made up your mind yet, write to LPF for more information:
	League for Programming Freedom
	1 Kendall Square - #143
	P.O. Box 9171
	Cambridge, MA	02139
	USA

	Telephone: +1-617-243-4091
	Electronic-Mail: `lpf@uunet.uu.net'
	WWW: `http://www.lpf.org/'
	FTP: `ftp.uu.net:/doc/lpf'



End of Apple Boycott
********************

For several years, the Free Software Foundation has participated in a boycott
of Apple, Lotus & Xerox sponsored by the League for Programming Freedom.

The League for Programming Freedom has decided to end the boycott (see ``News
from the LPF'').  So the FSF will now treat Apple operating systems like
other non-free operating systems.  This means we will accept patches for
Apple systems when that is easy and painless, and usually not otherwise.

The aim of the GNU Project is developing the GNU operating system.
Supporting other operating systems is something we do as a sideline when it
seems good to do.  If changes to support some other system are likely to take
substantial maintenance time, it is better for us to reject them, and spend
that time on tasks that contribute directly to the GNU system.



Third Annual GNU Seminars in Japan
**********************************

The FSF sponsored the third annual GNU Technical Seminar on December 5, 1994
in Tokyo.  Richard Stallman spoke on the GNU Project and the GNU extension
language plans.	 Gavin T. Nicol then spoke on the World Wide Web and compared
the existing free operating systems.  Finally, Michael Bushnell spoke on the
Hurd.  Bob Myers and David Littleboy translated the English lectures into
Japanese.  Over 140 people attended the seminar, and some Japanese
publications interviewed Richard Stallman.  The FSF also premiered the latest
editions of our Source Code and Compiler Tool Binaries CD-ROMs.	 The seminar
was supported by several organizations who did all the behind-scene work:
LS-JP, NSUG, JUS, SEA, and CSRL-Aoyama Gakuin; and was supervised by Masayuki
Ida, Carl Hoffman and Nobuyuki Hikichi.	 The Lisp Society of Japan, Computer
Science Research Lab at Aoyama Gakuin University, and Software Research
Associates, Inc. (SRA), and their staff provided help in countless ways for
this seminar and the entire trip to Japan.

Seminars were also held at Aoyama Gakuin on December 7th, where
Richard Stallman spoke on GNU Emacs Lisp as an Extension Language, and at The
University of Aizu where both Richard Stallman & Michael Bushnell spoke.

The Japan Unix Society gave the FSF a booth at Unix Fair '94 in Yokohama.  We
thank all the volunteers and organizations who helped run this booth.

Our success at the seminars and trade show exceeded our expectations.  We
received many unsolicited donations from individual supporters and users'
groups, and are thankful for the number of enthusiastic volunteers who helped
us.  In the future we hope to appear at even more Unix events both in Japan
and elsewhere.	If you would like to host a seminar, or need a speaker for a
conference, please contact either address on page 1.



GNU and Other Free Software in Japan
************************************

Mieko (`h-mieko@sra.co.jp') and Nobuyuki Hikichi (`hikichi@sra.co.jp')
continue to volunteer for the GNU Project in Japan.  They translate each
issue of this Bulletin into Japanese and distribute it widely, along with
their translation of the GNU General Public License Version 2.	This
translation of the GPL is authorized by the FSF and is available by anonymous
FTP from `ftp.sra.co.jp' in `/pub/gnu/local-fix/GPL2-j'.  They are working on
a formal translation of the GNU Library General Public License.	 They also
solicit donations and offer GNU software consulting.

`nepoch' (the Japanese version of Epoch) and MULE are available and widely
used in Japan.	MULE (the MULtilingual Enhancement of GNU Emacs) can handle
many character sets at once.  Its features are being merged into the FSF's
version of Emacs.  The FSF does not distribute `nepoch', but MULE is available
(see ``December 1994 Source Code CD-ROM'' and ``Emacs Diskettes'').  You can
FTP it from `sh.wide.ad.jp' in `/JAPAN/mule' or `etlport.etl.go.jp' in
`/pub/mule'.  See ``GNU Software'', for more information about MULE.

The Village Center, Inc. prints a Japanese translation of the `GNU Emacs Lisp
Reference Manual' and uploads the Texinfo source to various bulletin boards.
They have also published a copylefted book, Nobuyuki's and Mieko's `Think
GNU'.  This appears to be the first non-FSF copylefted publication in Japan.
Part of their profits are donated to the FSF.  Their address is:
	Village Center, Inc.
	3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku
	Tokyo 101,   Japan

	Telephone: 03-3221-3520

Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd. has printed a Japanese translation of
the `GNU Make Manual' and the `GAWK Manual'.  Their address is:
	Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd.
	Nichibou Bldg. 2F
	1-2-2 Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku
	Tokyo 101,   Japan

	Telephone: 03-3291-4581

The Institute for New Generation Computer Technology, ICOT, has released the
"ICOT Free Software (IFS)" distribution.  The famous Fifth Generation
Computing System project produced this distribution, which includes 100
systems for symbol processing, knowledge processing, problem solving,
inference, and natural language processing.  Many of them are based on
parallel logic programming.  Nearly half of the software can run on UNIX
workstations.  For details, contact `ifs@icot.or.jp'.

There is a mailing list in Japan to discuss both hardware and software which
is under the GNU General Public License.  This list provides information
about making your own computer system.	The main language used on the list is
Japanese.  If you are interested in getting information or having discussions
in English, contact `mka@apricot.juice.or.jp' or
`ishiz@muraoka.info.waseda.ac.jp'.

Many groups in Japan now distribute GNU software.  They include JUG, a PC
user group; ASCII, a periodical and book publisher; the Fujitsu FM Towns
users group; and SRA's special GNU support group, called Wingnut, who also
purchased the first Deluxe package in Japan.  (Since then, there have been
several other purchases of the Deluxe package in Japan.)

It is easy to place an order directly with the FSF from Japan, thus funding
new code.  To get an FSF Order Form written in Japanese, ask
`japan-fsf-orders@prep.ai.mit.edu'.  We encourage you to buy software on
tapes or CDs: for example, every 160 tape orders allows FSF to hire a
programmer for a year to write more free software.



Free Unix for Romania
*********************

In 1992, Marius Hancu, `hancu@crim.ca', began a project to send freely
distributable software to Romania, called "Free Unix for Romania." At that
time, little such software was available in Romania.  Recently, Ted Lungu,
`lungu@thak.jpl.nasa.gov', took over project coordination.

The main focus has been on sending editors, debuggers, compilers, and
operating system distributions using GNU/Linux and Free/NetBSD--all freely
redistributable and able to run on inexpensive 80386 and 80486 PCs.

In addition, they have sought donations, sent equipment and computer science
books to Romania, and created a list of volunteer technical consultants.



GNUs Flashes
************

   * Hurd	  (Also see ``What Is the Hurd'')

     The GNU Hurd now runs many programs native.  It can run GCC, `make',
     Emacs, and most other GNU utilities.  Progress is being made so rapidly
     that by the time you read this it probably does much more.	 It is right
     on the verge of being self-hosting (able to run on its own well enough
     to compile its own source code and be used for its own development).

     For a complete system we still have much more work to do, but we will
     make an alpha release as soon as the network software is finished and
     shared libraries have been implemented.  We have a mailing list to
     distribute announcements about progress; to be added to it, send mail to
     `hurd-announce-request@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

   * Mach and 4.4BSD-Lite for PA-RISC HP 700

     An almost complete snapshot of a Mach/4.4BSD-Lite based single-server for
     the PA-RISC HP 700 is available from `jaguar.cs.utah.edu:/flexmach' by
     anonymous FTP.  The snapshot provides binaries for the "Lites" BSD-based
     single-server, freely redistributable sources for a complete Mach kernel
     with integrated support for the PA-RISC 1.1 (HP 700) platform, a
     complete GNU tool chain for the ELF object format, and other software.
     (Sources for the floating point emulation library are not available.)
     The developers caution that this (December 1994) snapshot is for
     hard-core operating system hackers only.  This is not a formal release
     and is not yet robust.  Check
     `http://www.cs.utah.edu/projects/flexmach/' for more information.

   * GNU Software Now Works on MS-DOS	      (Also see ``GNU Software'')

     GNU Emacs 19 and many other GNU programs have been ported to MS-DOS for
     386 and 486 based machines.  We ship binaries & sources on the ``DJGPP
     Diskettes'', ``Emacs Diskettes'' & ``Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM'',
     and soon on the ``MS-DOS CD-ROM''.

   * GAS merged with Binutils	      (Also see ``GNU Software'')

     Due to large amounts of shared code, GAS, the GNU Assembler, has been
     merged with GNU Binutils.

   * Two calculators in one	    (Also see ``GNU Software'')

     The RPN calculator `dc', once packaged alone, is now packaged with `bc'.
     Unlike the traditional Unix implementation, GNU `bc' is not just a
     front end for `dc'.

   * The Dictionary Project

     The FSF has a copy of the `Century Dictionary', an unabridged dictionary
     now in the public domain, and we are planning to put it online.  We
     tried OCR, but it wasn't reliable enough.	 We're now waiting for the
     results from the first batch of dictionary volunteers.  We've decided to
     see how well the process works with the first batch before we ask anyone
     else to do work.

   * 4.4BSD-Lite	 (Also see ``4.4BSD-Lite Tape'')

     The FSF is distributing 4.4BSD-Lite (instead of the old Berkeley
     Networking 2 tape).  The "Lite" refers to the omitting of some
     proprietary files that still remain in the full 4.4BSD distribution.
     However, 4.4BSD-Lite is considerably more complete than the previous
     Networking 2 release.

   * Common Lisp Freed!		(Also see ``GNU Software'')

     We now distribute GNU Common Lisp (GCL).  Previously, GCL had
     distribution terms under which each user had to have a signed paper
     contract on file.	However, the authors recently decided to switch to
     the LGPL.

   * New Packages on the Languages Tape		(Also see ``GNU Software'')

     OBST, the GNU Objective-C Library and Perl 5 have been added.

   * New Program on the Utilities Tape	       (Also see ``GNU Software'')

     `netfax' has been replaced by `FlexFAX'.

   * New Programs on the Source Code CD-ROM

     This CD-ROM has all the new programs and changes on the tapes.  See
     ``December 1994 Source Code CD-ROM'', for details.

   * GNU Column in Linux Magazine

     Arnold Robbins, `arnold@gnu.ai.mit.edu', a long-time volunteer for the
     GNU Project, is the author of "What's GNU?", a semi-regular column in
     the monthly magazine `Linux Journal'.  The column discusses the GNU
     Project, its software and other interesting free software.	 Authors of
     significant GNU software packages occasionally write columns as guest
     authors.  For subscription information, contact `subs@ssc.com'.

   * Experimental Tape Takes a Recess	      (Also see ``Tapes'')

     We are not currently distributing the Experimental Tape because most of
     the programs that were on it are now stable and have moved to other
     tapes.

   * The FSF now takes American Express

     We now accept the American Express credit card in addition to Visa,
     Mastercard, JCB, Diner's Club, and Carte Blanche.	Please note that we
     are charged about 5% of an order's total amount in credit card
     processing fees.  Please consider paying by check instead, or adding on
     a 5% donation to make up the difference.

   * Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM

     We have a new edition of the Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM with updated
     versions of all the software on it.  It contains executables of the GNU
     compiler tools for some systems that don't normally come with a compiler.
     This allows users of those systems to compile their own software without
     having to buy a proprietary compiler.  See ``Compiler Tools Binaries
     CD-ROM'', for details, including which platforms are supported.  We hope
     to include more systems with each update of this CD.  If you can help
     build binaries for new systems, or have one to suggest, please contact us
     at either address on page 1.

   * Source CD-ROM Subscriptions

     We offer a subscription service for the Source Code CD-ROM in addition
     to our tape subscription service.	For the price of 3 CD-ROMs (plus any
     shipping costs) you get the next 4 that we make.  We make between two
     and four updates a year.  See ``Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service''.

   * FSF Accepts Orders and Donations via Fax

     You can now send orders and donations to the FSF by fax.  Please fax us a
     completed ``Free Software Foundation Order Form'', including credit card
     information, since orders must be prepaid.	 We do *not* accept purchase
     orders.  The number is +1-617-492-9057.  Individuals in Japan who are
     unable to place international calls may use the "free dial" numbers:
     0031-13-2473 (KDD) and 0066-3382-0158 (IDC).

   * A new FSF T-shirt!

     There is a new version of our T-shirt.  The previous version of the
     T-shirt will remain available while supplies last, but please contact
     the office to see if we have what you would like before ordering.	See
     ``FSF T-shirt''.



Guile
*****

If a software system includes several programs that are extensible, they
should all use the same extension language implementation.  This means less
for extension writers to learn, and that libraries of extensions may be
useful with more than one program.  A common language enables programs to
exchange complex data structures or source code.  A common implementation
conserves both system and maintainer resources.

The GNU Project has started to build Guile: GNUs' Ubiquitous Extension
Language.  We will produce a library which programmers can use to make any
ordinary C program extensible.	We expect to use this library in many GNU
programs and hope to see wide use elsewhere.  We are basing Guile on SCM, a
version of Scheme written by Aubrey Jaffer (see the JACAL item in ``GNU
Software'').  A number of cosmetic changes are being made, so the interpreter
will be more useful as a C library.  Volunteers are working on a complete
Posix interface, an SCSH-like library, and a module system.  Releases with
only some of the features mentioned will begin early in 1995.  SCM is already
available.

The copyright terms for Guile will permit the use of the library even in
proprietary programs.  We plan to use terms similar to those used for X11.

Choosing Scheme helps to put aside controversy over "which extension language
is best".  It is a convenient target language, into which other languages may
be translated.	Even though maintainers must choose one extension language
implementation, users can choose from any number of extension languages.

Anyone can make Guile applications programmable in their favorite language
simply by writing a new translator.  We intend to have a language that is like
simplified C and one that is like an interactive command processor syntax.
Guile will be able to run Emacs Lisp programs.



Help the GNU Locale Project
***************************

The GNU locale package (glocale) is a set of tools that provides a framework
to help other GNU packages produce multilingual messages.  glocale is
currently undergoing alpha testing.

A handful of GNU packages have already been adapted and provided with message
translations for several languages.  Translation teams have begun to
organize, using these packages as a starting point.  But there are many more
packages and many languages for which we have no volunteer translators.	 If
you'd like to volunteer to work at translating messages, please send mail to
`gnu-locale@prep.ai.mit.edu' indicating what language(s) you can work on.



Forthcoming GNUs
****************

Information about the current status of released GNU programs can be found in
``GNU Software''.  Here is some news of future plans.

   * New CD-ROMs from the FSF	      (see ``CD-ROMs'')

     We will release the sixth edition of its Source Code CD-ROM in March
     1995.  We will also be releasing two new CDs: the MS-DOS CD-ROM in
     February 1995; & the Debian GNU/Linux CD-ROM in Spring 1995; both of
     them will come in a book describing their contents.  Contact either
     address on page 1, for more information then.

   * Programming in Emacs Lisp, An Intro.	  (see ``Documentation'')

     In February, the FSF will publish the first edition of `Programming in
     Emacs Lisp, An Introduction' by Robert J. Chassell (who, in another
     guise, is the FSF's Secretary/Treasurer).	This book is an elementary
     introduction, written for people who are not programmers & who do not
     necessarily wish to be, but who do want to extend Emacs.  The book walks
     though code used in GNU Emacs & has many sample programs that you can
     run in Emacs.

   * GNU Objective-C Class Library	   (Also see ``GNU Software'')

     Future versions, of the GNU Objective-C Class Library (`libobjects'),
     will have String objects that are integrated into the Collection object
     hierarchy, a better allocation/deallocation mechanism, improved features
     for distributed objects (including a back-end using Mach ports instead
     of sockets), more extensive random number generator facilities, and
     ports to more machines.  Volunteers are needed for additional projects;
     contact `mccallum@gnu.ai.mit.edu'.

   * GNUStep: GNU OpenStep

     OpenStep is an object-oriented application programming interface
     specification being proposed as an open object standard.  Since its
     announcement over a year ago, there has been much interest in a GNU
     implementation, which is named GNUStep.  Work has started on an
     implementation using an existing library written in Objective-C as a
     starting point.  Much work remains to be done to bring this library
     close to the OpenStep specifications.  Volunteers should contact
     `Paul_Kunz@slac.stanford.edu'.

   * `makeinfo' and the World Wide Web	       (Also see ``GNU Software'')

     `makeinfo' is being modified to translate Texinfo source files into HTML
     documents that can be displayed from the Internet's World Wide Web.

   * GNU Common Lisp	     (For current status, see ``GNU Software'')

     Version 1.1 of GNU Common Lisp (GCL) was released in November.
     Development is now concentrating on a TK based graphical window
     interface; a beta version will be available by time you read this
     Bulletin.	Both GCL specific documentation, and a Texinfo version of the
     proposed ANSI standard have been written.	Work on conditions,
     installing the new compiler, and internals is underway.  Volunteers for
     parts of the move to the ANSI standard and to convert the current GCL
     specific documentation to Texinfo are most welcome; contact
     `schelter@math.utexas.edu'.

   * GNU Emacs	       (For current status, see ``GNU Software'')

     Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time display
     editor & computing environment.  The next release will have support for
     Windows NT, be able to communicate with multiple X displays at once & be
     able to save text properties in files for editing formatted text.	Future
     releases will include: different visibility conditions for regions & for
     multiple windows showing the same buffer, incrementally saving the undo
     history in a file, so that you can undo older changes in the history,
     support for both variable-width fonts & wide character sets including
     all the world's major languages.

   * C Interpreter

     We hope to add interpreter facilities to the GNU compiler and debugger.
     This task is partly finished.  GCC now generates byte code (for all
     supported languages: C, C++ and Objective-C) and another package
     interprets it.

     To make this work usable, we need to add features to GDB to load the byte
     code dynamically.	We also would like C compiler support for compiling
     just a specified few functions in a file.	Due to limited resources, the
     FSF cannot fund this.  Interested volunteers should contact
     `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

   * GCC	 (For current status, see ``GNU Software'')

     New front ends for GCC are being developed for Pascal and Chill.  See the
     GNU Fortran and GNAT items in this article for news on those front ends.

   * GNAT: The GNU Ada Translator	  (*Not yet available from the FSF*)

     A front end for much of Ada 9X (GNAT: The GNU Ada Translator) is
     available via anonymous FTP from `cs.nyu.edu' in `/pub/gnat'.  News about
     GNAT is posted to the USENET newsgroup `comp.lang.ada'.

   * GNU Fortran	 (For info on `f2c' & GCC, see ``GNU Software'')

     We have released GNU Fortran (`g77'), developed by Craig Burley, for
     public beta testing.  For the time being, `g77' produces code that is
     generally object-compatible with `f2c', and they use the same run-time
     library (`libf2c').

     The `g77' front end is stable, but work is needed to bring its overall
     packaging, feature set, and performance up to the levels the Fortran
     community expects.	 Tasks to be done include: writing documentation;
     improving diagnostics; speeding up compilation especially for large
     initialized data tables; implementing `INTEGER*2', `INTEGER*8', and
     similar features; and arranging to build and install `libf2c'
     automatically.

     We don't know when these things will be done, but we hope some will be
     finished in the coming months.  You can speed progress by working on
     some of them or by offering funding.

     A mailing list exists for announcements about `g77'.  To subscribe, ask
     `info-gnu-fortran-request@prep.ai.mit.edu'.  To contact the developer of
     `g77', write to `fortran@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

   * Ghostscript	 (For current status, see ``GNU Software'')

     Ghostscript 3.0 will be released and distributed by the FSF late in
     1995; a future GNU's Bulletin will have a more definite date.  It will
     implement the full Postscript Level 2 language except for LZW
     compression, which can't be freely implemented because of software
     patents.  (Prohibitions on programming like this are what the League for
     Programming Freedom is fighting.  See ``What Is the LPF'', for details.)

   * Oleo	  (For current status, see ``GNU Software'')

     Volunteers are writing an Oleo manual and extensions to the Oleo
     interface.

   * rx, a faster regular expression library

     Tom Lord has written `rx', a new regular expression library which is
     faster than the current library we use.  Currently it is only being
     distributed with `sed'; eventually we will distribute it as a separate
     package as well.	This new library is nearly a drop-in replacement for
     the current `regex' library used by the GNU Project, but it needs a few
     more features to be used in Emacs.

   * Smalltalk	       (For current status, see ``GNU Software'')

     The next release, version 1.2, will use the GNU Autoconf configuration
     system, and will have significant performance improvements and memory
     requirement reductions, more control over the memory allocation, ability
     to use the Smalltalk interpreter as a subroutine (i.e., callable from
     C), better interfaces to the X Window System, ability to represent and
     manipulate C data structures in Smalltalk, conditional compilation
     facilities, large integer support, a complete GUI based class browsing
     system, better (more complete/usable) TCP/IP interfaces, exception
     support, and weak references & finalization support.



Freely Available Texts
**********************

Freely redistributable information isn't just software.	 We have a list of
groups providing various books, historical documents, and more.	 You can FTP
the list in file `/pub/gnu/FreelyAvailableTexts' from `prep.ai.mit.edu'.
Please let either address on page 1 know of additional entries.



GNU Software
************

All our software is available via FTP; see ``How to Get GNU Software''.
In addition, we offer software on various media and printed documentation:

   * see ``CD-ROMs''.

   * see ``Tapes''.

   * see ``MS-DOS Diskettes''.

   * see ``Documentation'', which includes manuals and reference cards.

We welcome all bug reports sent to the appropriate electronic mailing list
(see ``Free Software Support'').

In the articles describing the contents of each medium, the version number
listed after each program name was current when we published this Bulletin.
When you order a distribution tape, diskette or newer CD-ROM, some of the
programs may be newer, and therefore the version number higher.

Key to cross reference:


    BinCD
	  Binaries CD-ROM

    DjgppD
	  Djgpp Diskettes

    DosCD
	  MS-DOS CD-ROM

    EmcsD
	  Emacs Diskettes

    LspEmcT
	  Lisps/Emacs Tape

    LangT
	  Languages Tape

    LiteT
	  4.4BSD-Lite Tape

    SchmT
	  Scheme Tape

    SrcCD
	  Source CD-ROM

    UtilD
	  Selected Utilities Diskettes

    UtilT
	  Utilities Tape

    VMSCompT
	  VMS Compiler Tape

    VMSEmcsT
	  VMS Emacs Tape

    WdwsD
	  Windows Diskette

    X11OptT
	  X11 Optional Tape

    X11ReqT
	  X11 Required Tape



Configuring GNU Software:
-------------------------

We are using a uniform scheme for configuring GNU software packages in order
to compile them.  It uses the `autoconf' program (see item below).  The goal
is to have all GNU software support the same alternatives for naming machine
and system types.   When the GNU system is complete it will be possible to
configure and build the entire system at once, eliminating the need to
separately configure each individual package.	The configuration scheme can
also specify both the host and target system, so you can easily configure and
build cross-compilation tools.



GNU software currently available:
---------------------------------

(For new features and coming programs, see ``Forthcoming GNUs'')

   * `acm'	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `acm' is a LAN-oriented, multiplayer aerial combat simulation that runs
     under the X Window System.	 Players engage in air to air combat against
     one another using heat seeking missiles and cannons.  We are working on
     more accurate simulation of real airplane flight characteristics.

   * Autoconf	      (SrcCD, UtilT)

     Autoconf produces shell scripts which automatically configure source code
     packages.	These scripts adapt the packages to many kinds of Unix-like
     systems without manual user intervention.	Autoconf creates a script for
     a package from a template file which lists the operating system features
     which the package can use, in the form of `m4' macro calls.  Autoconf
     requires GNU `m4' to operate, but the resulting configure scripts it
     generates do not.

     Most GNU programs now use Autoconf-generated configure scripts.

   * BASH	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     The GNU shell, BASH (Bourne Again SHell), is compatible with the Unix
     `sh' and offers many extensions found in `csh' and `ksh'.	BASH has job
     control, `csh'-style command history, and command-line editing (with
     Emacs and `vi' modes built-in, and the ability to rebind keys) via the
     readline library.	BASH conforms to the POSIX 1003.2 shell specification.

   * `bc'	  (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     `bc' is an interactive algebraic language with arbitrary precision
     numbers.  GNU `bc' follows the POSIX.2-1992 standard, with several
     extensions including multi-character variable names, an `else'
     statement, and full Boolean expressions.  The RPN calculator `dc' is now
     distributed as part of the same package, but GNU `bc' is not implemented
     as a `dc' preprocessor.

   * BFD	 (BinCD, DjggpD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)

     The Binary File Descriptor library allows a program which operates on
     object files (e.g., `ld' or GDB) to support many different formats in a
     clean way.	 BFD provides a portable interface, so that only BFD needs to
     know the details of a particular format.  One result is that all
     programs using BFD will support formats such as a.out, COFF, and ELF.
     BFD comes with source for Texinfo documentation (not yet published on
     paper).   Presently BFD is not distributed separately; it is included
     with packages that use it.

   * Binutils	      (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)

     Binutils includes the programs: `ar', `c++filt', `demangle', `gas',
     `gprof', `ld', `nlmconv', `nm', `objcopy', `objdump', `ranlib', `size',
     `strings', and `strip'.

     Binutils Version 2 uses the BFD library.  The GNU linker `ld' emits
     source-line numbered error messages for multiply-defined symbols and
     undefined references.  It interprets a superset of the AT&T Linker
     Command Language, which gives general control over where segments are
     placed in memory.	`nlmconv' converts object files into Novell NetWare
     Loadable Modules.	`objdump' can disassemble code for a29k, ALPHA,
     H8/300, H8/500, HP-PA, i386, i960, m68k, m88k, MIPS, SH, SPARC, & Z8000
     processors, and can display other data (e.g., symbols & relocations)
     from any file format understood by BFD.

   * Bison	   (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD, VMSCompT)

     Bison is an upwardly compatible replacement for the parser generator
     `yacc'.  Texinfo source for the `Bison Manual' and reference card are
     included.	See ``Documentation''.

   * GNU C Library	   (BinCD, LangT, SrcCD)

     The GNU C library supports ANSI C-1989, POSIX 1003.1-1990 and most of the
     functions in POSIX 1003.2-1992.  It is upwardly compatible with 4.4BSD
     and includes many System V functions, plus GNU extensions.

     The C Library will perform many functions of the Unix system calls in
     the Hurd.	Mike Haertel has written a fast `malloc' which wastes less
     memory than the old GNU version.  The GNU regular-expression functions
     (`regex' and `rx') now nearly conform to the POSIX 1003.2 standard.

     GNU `stdio' lets you define new kinds of streams, just by writing a few
     C functions.  The `fmemopen' function uses this to open a stream on a
     string, which can grow as necessary.  You can define your own `printf'
     formats to use a C function you have written.  For example, you can
     safely use format strings from user input to implement a `printf'-like
     function for another programming language.	 Extended `getopt' functions
     are already used to parse options, including long options, in many GNU
     utilities.

     The C Library runs on Sun-3 (SunOS 4.1), Sun-4 (SunOS 4.1 or Solaris 2),
     HP 9000/300 (4.3BSD), SONY News 800 (NewsOS 3 or 4), MIPS DECstation
     (Ultrix 4), DEC Alpha (OSF/1), i386/i486 (System V, SVR4, BSD, SCO 3.2 &
     SCO ODT 2.0), Sequent Symmetry i386 (Dynix 3) & SGI (Irix 4).  Texinfo
     source for the `GNU C Library Reference Manual' is included (see
     ``Documentation''); the manual is now being updated.

   * GNU C++ Library	     (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)

     The GNU C++ library (libg++) is an extensive collection of C++ `forest'
     classes, an IOStream library for input/output routines, and support
     tools for use with G++.  Supported classes include: Obstacks,
     multiple-precision Integers and Rationals, Complex numbers, arbitrary
     length Strings, BitSets and BitStrings.   Version 2.6.2 includes the
     initial release of the libstdc++ library.	This implements library
     facilities defined by the forthcoming ANSI/ISO C++ standard, including
     the Standard Template Library.

   * Calc	  (LspEmcT, SrcCD)

     Calc (written by Dave Gillespie in Emacs Lisp) is an extensible, advanced
     desk calculator & mathematical tool that runs as part of GNU Emacs.  You
     can use Calc just as a simple four-function calculator, but it has many
     more features including: choice of algebraic or RPN (stack-based) entry;
     logarithmic, trigonometric & financial functions; arbitrary precision;
     complex numbers; vectors; matrices; dates; times; infinities; sets;
     algebraic simplification; differentiation & integration.  It outputs to
     `gnuplot' & comes with source for a reference card & a Manual.  See
     ``Documentation''.

   * GNU Chess	       (SrcCD, UtilT, WdwsD)

     GNU Chess lets the computer play a full game of chess with you.  It runs
     on most platforms & has dumb terminal, "curses" & X terminal interfaces.

     GNU Chess implements many specialized features including the null move
     heuristic, a hash table with aging, the history heuristic (another form
     of the earlier killer heuristic), caching of static evaluations, & a
     database which lets it play the first several moves of the game quickly.
     Recent improvements include better heuristics, faster evaluation,
     thinking on opponent's time, Swedish & German language support, support
     for more book formats, a rudimentary Bobby Fischer clock, & bug fixes.
     It is primarily supported by Stuart Cracraft, Mike McGann, Chua Kong
     Sian, & Tim Mann on behalf of the FSF.

   * CLISP	   (LspEmcT, SrcCD)

     CLISP is a Common Lisp implementation (CLtL1 + parts of CLtL2) by Bruno
     Haible and Michael Stoll.	It mostly supports the Lisp described by
     `Common LISP: The Language (2nd edition)'.	 CLISP includes an
     interpreter, a byte-compiler, a subset of CLOS and, for some machines, a
     screen editor.  The user interface language (English, German, French) is
     chooseable at run time.  Major packages that run in CLISP include CLX &
     Garnet.  CLISP needs only 2 MB of memory & runs on many microcomputers
     (including MS-DOS systems, OS/2, the Atari ST, Amiga 500-4000) &
     Unix-like systems (GNU/Linux, Sun4, SVR4, SGI, HP-UX, DEC Alpha,
     NeXTstep & others).

   * GNU Common Lisp	     (LspEmcT, SrcCD)

     GNU Common Lisp (GCL) has a compiler and interpreter for Common Lisp.
     It is very portable and extremely efficient on a wide class of
     applications.  It compares favorably in performance with commercial Lisps
     on several large theorem-prover and symbolic algebra systems.  It
     supports the CLtL1 specification but is moving towards the proposed ANSI
     definition.  It was formerly know as Kyoto Common Lisp.   GCL compiles
     to C and then uses the native optimizing C compilers (e.g., GCC).	A
     function with a fixed number of args and one value turns into a C
     function of the same number of args and returning one value, so GCL is
     maximally efficient on such calls.	 It has a conservative garbage
     collector which allows great freedom for the C compiler to put Lisp
     values in arbitrary registers.  It has a source level Lisp debugger for
     interpreted code, with display of source code in an Emacs window.	It
     has profiling tools based on the C profiling tools, which count function
     calls and percentage of time spent in each function.  CLX works with GCL.
     There is an Xlib interface via C (xgcl-2).	 PCL runs with GCL (see PCL
     item later in this article).  See ``Forthcoming GNUs'', for plans for
     about GCL.	  GCL version 1.1 is released under the GNU Library General
     Public License.

   * `cpio'	    (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     `cpio' is an alternative archive program with all the features of SVR4
     `cpio', including support for the final POSIX 1003.1 `ustar' standard.
     `mt', a program to position magnetic tapes, is included with `cpio'.

   * CVS	 (SrcCD, UtilT)

     CVS, the Concurrent Version System, manages software revision and release
     control in a multi-developer, multi-directory, multi-group environment.
     It works best in conjunction with RCS versions 4 and above, but will
     parse older RCS formats with the loss of CVS's fancier features.  See
     Berliner, Brian, "CVS-II: Parallelizing Software Development,"
     `Proceedings of the Winter 1990 USENIX Association Conference'.  To find
     out how to get a copy of this report, ask `office@usenix.org'.

   * DejaGnu	     (LangT, SrcCD)

     DejaGnu is a framework for testing other programs that provides a single
     front end for all tests.  The framework's flexibility and consistency
     makes it easy to write tests for any program.  DejaGnu comes with
     `expect', which runs scripts to conduct dialogs with programs.

   * Diffutils	       (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     GNU `diff' compares files showing line-by-line changes in several
     flexible formats.	It is much faster than traditional Unix versions.  The
     Diffutils package contains `diff', `diff3', `sdiff', and `cmp'.

     Recent Diffutils improvements include: a new `diff' option to do all
     input/output in binary; this is useful on some non-Posix hosts, and more
     consistent handling of character sets.

     Plans for the Diffutils package include support for internationalization
     (e.g., error messages in Chinese), and for some non-Unix PC environments.

   * DJGPP	   (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD)

     DJ Delorie has ported GCC/G++ 2.6.0 (see the GCC item in this section)
     to the i386 MS-DOS platform.  The DJGPP package also contains a 32-bit
     80386 DOS extender with symbolic debugger; development libraries; and
     ports of Bison, `flex', GAS, and the GNU Binutils.	 Full source code is
     provided.	It requires at least 5MB of hard disk space to install and
     512K of RAM to use.  It supports SVGA (up to 1024x768), XMS & VDISK
     memory allocation, `himem.sys', VCPI (e.g., QEMM, DESQview, & 386MAX),
     and DPMI (e.g., Windows 3.x, OS/2, QEMM, & QDPMI).	  Ask
     `djgpp-request@sun.soe.clarkson.edu' to join a DJGPP users mailing list.

   * `dld'	   (LangT, SrcCD)

     `dld' is a dynamic linker written by W. Wilson Ho.	 Linking your program
     with the `dld' library allows you to dynamically load object files into
     the running binary.  Currently supported are VAX (Ultrix), Sun 3 (SunOS
     3.4 & 4.0), SPARC (SunOS 4.0), Sequent Symmetry (Dynix), & Atari ST.

   * `doschk'	      (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     This program is intended as a utility to help software developers ensure
     that their source file names are distinguishable on System V platforms
     with 14-character filenames and on MS-DOS with 8+3 character filenames.

   * `ecc'	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `ecc' is a Reed-Solomon error correction checking program, which can
     correct three byte errors in a block of 255 bytes and detect more severe
     errors.  Contact `paulf@Stanford.EDU' for more information.

   * `ed'	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     Ed is the standard text editor.

   * Elib	  (LspEmcT, SrcCD)

     Elib is a small library of Emacs Lisp functions, including routines for
     using AVL trees and doubly-linked lists.

   * GNU Emacs

     In 1975, Richard Stallman developed the first Emacs, an extensible,
     customizable real-time display editor and computing environment.  GNU
     Emacs is his second implementation.  It offers true Lisp--smoothly
     integrated into the editor--for writing extensions, and provides an
     interface to the X Window System.	In addition to its powerful native
     command set, extensions which emulate other popular editors are
     distributed: vi and EDT (DEC's VMS editor).  It has many other features
     which make it a full computing support environment.  Source for the `GNU
     Emacs Manual', the `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual', and a reference
     card come with the software.  See ``Documentation''.

   * GNU Emacs 18	  (EmcsD, LspEmcT, SrcCD, VMSEmcsT)

     GNU Emacs 18.59 is the last release of version 18 from the FSF.  We are
     no longer maintaining it.	It runs on many Unix systems.  In hardware
     order: Alliant FX/80 & FX/2800, Altos 3068, Amdahl (UTS), Apollo, AT&T
     (3Bs & 7300 PC), DG Aviion, Bull DPX/2 (2nn & 3nn) CCI 5/32 & 6/32,
     Celerity, Convex, Digital (DECstation 3100 & 5000 (PMAXes), Mips, VAX
     (BSD, SysV & VMS)), Motorola Delta 147 & 187, Dual, Elxsi 6400, Encore
     (DPC, APC & XPC), Gould, HP (9000 series 200, 300, 700 & 800, but not
     500), HLH Orion (original & 1/05), IBM (RS/6000 (AIX), RT/PC (4.2 & AIX)
     & PS/2 (AIX (386 only))), ISI (Optimum V, 80386), Intel 860 & 80386
     (BSD, Esix, SVR3, SVR4, SCO, ISC, IX, AIX & others), Iris (2500, 2500
     Turbo & 4D), Masscomp, MIPS, National Semiconductor 32000, NeXT (Mach),
     NCR Tower 32 (SVR2 & SVR3), Nixdorf Targon 31, Nu (TI & LMI), pfa50,
     Plexus, Prime EXL, Pyramid (original & MIPS), Sequent (Balance &
     Symmetry), SONY News (m68k & MIPS), Stride (system release 2), all Suns
     including 386i (all SunOS & some Solaris vers.), Tadpole, Tahoe, Tandem
     Integrity S2, Tektronix (16000 & 4300), Triton 88, Ustation E30 (SS5E),
     Whitechapel (MG1) & Wicat.

     In operating system order: AIX (RS/6000, RT/PC, 386-PS/2), BSD (vers.
     4.1, 4.2, 4.3), DomainOS, Esix (386), HP-UX (HP 9000 series 200, 300,
     700, 800 but not 500), ISC (386), IX (386), Mach, Microport, NewsOS
     (Sony m68k & MIPS) SCO (386), SVR0 (Vax, AT&T 3Bs), SVR2, SVR3, SVR4,
     Solaris 2.0, SunOS, UTS (Amdahl), Ultrix (vers. 3.0, 4,1), Uniplus 5.2
     (Dual machines), VMS (vers. 4.0, 4.2, 4.4, 5.5) & Xenix (386).

   * GNU Emacs 19	  (DosCD, EmacsD, LspEmcT, SrcCD)

     Emacs 19 works with character-only terminals as well as with the X
     Window System.  New features in Emacs 19 include: multiple X windows
     ("frames" to Emacs), with either a separate X window for the minibuffer
     or a minibuffer attached to each X window; property lists associated
     with regions of text in a buffer; multiple fonts and colors defined by
     those properties; simplified and improved processing of function keys,
     mouse clicks and mouse movement; X selection processing, including
     clipboard selections; hooks to be run if point or mouse moves outside a
     certain range; menu bars and popup menus defined by keymaps; scrollbars;
     before and after change hooks; source-level debugging of Emacs Lisp
     programs; European character sets support; floating point numbers;
     improved buffer allocation, including returning storage to the system
     when a buffer is killed; interfacing with the X resource manager; GNU
     configuration scheme support; good RCS support; & many updated libraries.

     Recent features include X toolkit support, dialog boxes, operation on
     MS-DOS, much faster text properties, keyboard equivalents shown
     automatically in menus, & text that highlights when you move the mouse
     over it.

     Emacs 19.28 is known to work on, in hardware order: Alliant FX/2800
     (BSD); Bull DPX/2 2nn & 3nn (SVR3) & sps7 (SVR2); Clipper; Convex (BSD);
     Cubix QBx (SysV); Data General Aviion (DGUX); DEC MIPS (Ultrix 4.2 &
     OSF/1, not VMS); Elxsi 6400 (SysV); Gould Power Node & NP1 (4.2 &
     4.3BSD); Harris Night Hawk 1200 and 3000, 4000 and 5000 (cxux); Honeywell
     XPS100 (SysV); HP 9000 series 200, 300, 700, 800 (but not 500) (4.3BSD or
     HP-UX 7, 8, 9); Intel i386 & i486 (386BSD, AIX, BSDI/386, FreeBSD, Esix,
     GNU/Linux, ISC, MS-DOS (see ``MS-DOS Diskettes'' & ``MS-DOS CD-ROM''),
     NetBSD, SCO3.2v4, SysV, Xenix); IBM RS6000 (AIX 3.2); IBM RT/PC (AIX or
     BSD); Motorola Delta 147 & 187 (SVR3, SVR4, & m88kbcs); National
     Semiconductor 32K (Genix); NeXT (BSD or Mach 2 w/ NeXTStep 3.0); Prime
     EXL (SysV); Pyramid (BSD); Sequent Symmetry (BSD); SGI Iris 4D (Irix 4.x
     & 5.x); Sony News/RISC (NewsOS); Starrdent i860 (SysV); Sun 3 & 4, SPARC
     1, 1+, 2, 10 & Classic (SunOS 4.0, 4.1, Solaris 2.0-2.3); Tadpole 68k
     (SysV); Tektronix XD88 (SVR3) & 4300 (BSD); & Titan P2 & P3 (SysV).

     In operating system order: AIX (i386, RS6000, RT/PC); 4.1, 4.2, 4.3BSD
     (i386, i860, Convex, Gould Power Node & NP1, HP9000 series 300, NeXT,
     Pyramid, Symmetry, Tektronix 4300, RT/PC); DG/UX (Aviion); Esix (i386);
     FreeBSD (i386); Genix (ns32k); GNU/Linux (i386); HP-UX 7, 8, 9 (HP 9000
     series 200, 300, 700, 800, but not 500); Irix 4 & 5 (Iris 4D); ISC
     (i386); Mach 2 & 3 (i386, NeXT); MS-DOS (see ``MS-DOS Diskettes'' &
     ``MS-DOS CD-ROM''); NetBSD (i386, HP9000 series 300); SCO 3.2v4 (i386);
     SVR2 (Bull sps7); SVR3 (Bull DPX/2 2nn & 3nn, Motorola Delta 147 & 187,
     Tektronix XD88); SVR4 (Motorola Delta 147 & 187, Stardent i860); Solaris
     2 (SPARC 1, 1+, 2, 10, Classic); SunOS 4.0, 4.1 (Sun 3 & 4, SPARC 1, 1+,
     2, 10 & Classic); Ultrix 4.2 (DEC MIPS); Windows NT; & Xenix (i386).

     Other configurations supported by Emacs 18 should work with few changes
     in Emacs 19; as users tell us more about their experiences with different
     systems, we will augment the list.	 Also see ``Forthcoming GNUs''.

   * `es'	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `es' is an extensible shell based on `rc' with first class functions,
     lexical scope, exceptions, and rich return values (i.e., functions can
     return values other than just numbers).  Like `rc', it is great for both
     interactive use and for scripting, particularly since its quoting rules
     are much less baroque than the C or Bourne shells.

   * `f2c'	   (LangT, SrcCD)

     `f2c' converts Fortran-77 source files into C or C++, which can be
     compiled with GCC.	 You can get bug fixes by FTP from site
     `netlib.att.com' or by email from `netlib@research.att.com'.  The fixes
     are summarized in the file `/netlib/f2c/changes.Z'.  See ``Forthcoming
     GNUs'', for information about GNU Fortran.

   * Fileutils	       (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     The fileutils work on files: `chgrp', `chmod', `chown', `cp', `dd', `df',
     `dir', `du', `install', `ln', `ls', `mkdir', `mkfifo', `mknod', `mv',
     `mvdir', `rm', `rmdir', `sync', `touch', & `vdir'.	 Only some of these
     are on the ``Selected Utilities Diskettes''.

   * Findutils	       (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     `find' is frequently used both interactively and in shell scripts to
     find files which match certain criteria and perform arbitrary operations
     on them.  Also included are `xargs', which applies a command to a list
     of files, and `locate', which scans a database for file names that match
     a pattern.

   * Finger	    (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU Finger has more features than other finger programs.  For sites with
     many hosts, a single host may be designated as the finger "server" host,
     and other hosts at that site configured as finger "clients".  The server
     host collects information about who is logged in to the clients.  To
     finger a user on any host at a GNU Finger site, a single query gets
     useful information.  GNU Finger supports many customization features,
     including per-user customization.

   * `flex'	    (DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)

     `flex' is a replacement for the `lex' scanner generator.  `flex' was
     written by Vern Paxson of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and generates
     far more efficient scanners than `lex' does.  Source for the `Flex
     Manual' and reference card are included.  See ``Documentation''.

   * FlexFAX	     (UtilT)

     FlexFAX is a facsimile system for UNIX systems.  It supports sending,
     receiving, and polled retrieval of facsimile, as well as transparent
     shared data use of the modem.   Information is also available on the
     World Wide Web at URL: `http://www.vix.com/flexfax/'.

   * Fontutils	       (SrcCD, UtilT)

     The fontutils create fonts for use with Ghostscript or TeX, starting
     with a scanned type image and converting the bitmaps to outlines.	They
     also contain general conversion programs and other utilities.

     Fontutils programs include: `bpltobzr', `bzrto', `charspace',
     `fontconvert', `gsrenderfont', `imageto', `imgrotate', `limn', and
     `xbfe'.

   * GAWK	  (DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)

     GAWK is upwardly compatible with the latest POSIX versions of `awk'.  It
     also provides several useful extensions not found in other `awk'
     implementations.  Texinfo source for the `GAWK Manual' comes with the
     software.	See ``Documentation''.

   * GCC	 (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD, VMSCompT)

     Version 2 of the GNU C Compiler supports multiple languages; the source
     file name suffix or a compiler option selects the language.  The GNU C
     Compiler distribution includes support for C, C++ and Objective-C.
     Support for Objective-C was donated by NeXT.  The runtime support needed
     to run Objective-C programs is now distributed with GCC (this does not
     include any Objective-C classes aside from `object').  As much as
     possible, G++ is kept compatible with the evolving draft ANSI standard,
     but not with `cfront' (AT&T's compiler), which has been diverging from
     ANSI.

     The GNU C Compiler is a fairly portable optimizing compiler which
     performs automatic register allocation, common sub-expression
     elimination, invariant code motion from loops, induction variable
     optimizations, constant propagation and copy propagation, delayed
     popping of function call arguments, tail recursion elimination,
     integration of inline functions and frame pointer elimination,
     instruction scheduling, loop unrolling, filling of delay slots, leaf
     function optimization, optimized multiplication by constants, a certain
     amount of common subexpression elimination (CSE) between basic blocks
     (though not all of the supported machine descriptions provide for
     scheduling or delay slots), a feature for assigning attributes to
     instructions, and many local optimizations that are automatically
     deduced from the machine description.  Position-independent code is
     supported on the 68k, i386, i486, Pentium, Hitachi Slt, Hitachi H8/300,
     Clipper, 88k, SPARC & SPARClite.

     GCC can open-code most arithmetic on 64-bit values (type `long long
     int').  It supports extended floating point (type `long double') on the
     68k; other machines will follow.

     GCC supports full ANSI C, traditional C & GNU C extensions (including:
     nested functions support, nonlocal gotos & taking the address of a
     label).

     GCC can generate a.out, COFF, ELF & OSF-Rose files when used with a
     suitable assembler.  It can produce debugging information in these
     formats: BSD stabs, COFF, ECOFF, ECOFF with stabs & DWARF.

     GCC generates code for many CPUs, including: a29k, Alpha, ARM, AT&T
     DSP1610, Convex cN, Clipper, Elxsi, Fujitsu Gmicro, H8/300, HP-PA (1.0
     and 1.1) i370, i386, i486, Pentium, i860, i960, m68k, m68020, m68030,
     m68040, m88k, MIPS, ns32k, PDP-11, Pyramid, ROMP, RS6000, SH, SPARC,
     SPARClite, VAX, & we32k.

     Operating systems supported include: AIX, ACIS, AOS, BSD, Clix, Ctix,
     DG/UX, Dynix, Genix, GNU/Linux, HP-UX, ISC, Irix, Luna, LynxOS, Mach,
     Minix, NewsOS, OSF, OSF-Rose, RISCOS, SCO, Solaris 2, SunOS 4, SysV,
     Ultrix, Unos, VMS & Windows/NT.

     The old (version 1) machine descriptions for the Alliant, Tahoe and Spur
     (as well as a new port for the Tron) do not work, but are still included
     in the distribution in case someone wants to work on them.

     Using the configuration scheme for GCC, building a cross-compiler is as
     easy as building a compiler for the same target machine.

     We no longer maintain version 1 of GCC, G++, or libg++.

     Texinfo source for the `Using and Porting GNU CC' manual, is included
     with GCC.	See ``Forthcoming GNUs'', for plans for later releases of GCC.

   * GDB	 (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)

     In GDB (GNU DeBugger), object files and symbol tables are read via the
     BFD library, which allows a single copy of GDB to debug programs with
     multiple object file formats (e.g., a.out & COFF).	 Other features
     include a rich command language, remote debugging over serial lines or
     TCP/IP, and watchpoints (breakpoints triggered when the value of an
     expression changes).  Exception handling, SunOS shared libraries and C++
     multiple inheritance are only supported when used with GCC version 2.

     GDB has a command line user interface; GNU Emacs comes with a GDB mode,
     and `xxgdb' provides an X interface (but it is not distributed or
     maintained by the FSF; FTP it from `ftp.x.org' in the `/contrib'
     directory).

     GDB uses a standard remote interface to a simulator library which (so
     far) has simulators for the Zilog Z8001/2, Hitachi H8/300, H8/500 &
     Super-H.

     GDB can perform cross-debugging.  To say that GDB "targets" a platform
     means that it can perform native or cross-debugging for it.  To say that
     GDB can "host" a given platform means that it can be built on it, but
     cannot necessarily debug native programs.	GDB can:

	* "target" & "host": Amiga 3000 (Amix), DEC Alpha (OSF/1), DECstation
	  3100 & 5000 (Ultrix), HP 9000/300 (BSD, HP-UX), HP 9000/700 (HP-UX),
	  i386 (BSD, FreeBSD, GNU/Linux, LynxOS, NetBSD, SCO), IBM RS/6000
	  (AIX, LynxOS), Motorola Delta m88k (System V, CX/UX), PC532
	  (NetBSD), Motorola m68k MVME-167 (LynxOS), NCR 3000 (SVR4), SGI
	  (Irix V3, V4, V5), SONY News (NewsOS 3.x), SPARC (SunOS 4.1,
	  Solaris, NetBSD, LynxOS) Sun-3 (SunOS 4.1), & Ultracomputer (a29k
	  running Sym1).

	* "target", but not "host": AMD 29000 (COFF & a.out), Fujitsu
	  SPARClite, Hitachi H8/300, Hitachi SH, i960 (Nindy, VxWorks),
	  m68k/m68332 (a.out, COFF, VxWorks), MIPS (IDT ecoff), & Z8000.

	* "host", but not "target": IBM RT/PC (AIX), and HP/Apollo 68k (BSD).

     GDB can use the symbol tables emitted by the vendor supplied compilers of
     most MIPS-based machines, including DEC.  (These tables are in a format
     which almost nobody else uses.)  Source for the manual `Debugging with
     GDB' and a reference card are included.  See ``Documentation''.

   * `gdbm'	    (LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)

     `gdbm' is the GNU replacement for the traditional `dbm' and `ndbm'
     libraries.	 It implements a database using quick lookup by hashing.
     `gdbm' does not ordinarily need sparse file formats (unlike its Unix and
     BSD counterparts).

   * Ghostscript	 (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU Ghostscript is the GNU release of Ghostscript, which is an
     interpreter for the Postscript graphics language (see ``Forthcoming
     GNUs'', for news on future plans).

     The current version of GNU Ghostscript is 2.6.2.  Features include the
     ability to use the fonts provided by the platform on which Ghostscript
     runs (X Window System and Microsoft Windows), resulting in much
     better-looking screen displays; improved text file printing (like
     `enscript'); a utility to extract the text from a Postscript language
     document; a much more reliable (and faster) Microsoft Windows
     implementation; support for Microsoft C/C++ 7.0; drivers for many new
     printers, including the SPARCprinter, and for TIFF/F (fax) file format;
     many more Postscript Level 2 facilities, including most of the color
     space facilities (but not patterns), and the ability to switch between
     Level 1 and Level 2 dynamically.  Version 2.6.2 adds a LaserJet 4 driver
     and several important bug fixes to version 2.6.1.

     Ghostscript executes commands in the Postscript language by writing
     directly to a printer, drawing on an X window, or writing to a file for
     later printing (or to a bitmap file that you can manipulate with other
     graphics programs).

     Ghostscript includes a C-callable graphics library (for client programs
     that do not want to deal with the Postscript language).  It also supports
     IBM PCs and compatibles with EGA, VGA, or SuperVGA graphics (but please
     do *not* ask the FSF staff any questions about this; we do not use PCs).

   * Ghostview	       (SrcCD, UtilT)

     Tim Theisen, `ghostview@cs.wisc.edu', has created Ghostview, a previewer
     for multi-page files with an X11 user interface.  Ghostview and
     Ghostscript function as two cooperating programs; Ghostview creates a
     viewing window and Ghostscript draws in it.

   * `gmp'	   (LangT, SrcCD)

     GNU mp is a library for arbitrary precision arithmetic on signed integers
     and rational numbers.  It has a rich set of functions with a regular
     interface.

   * GNATS	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNATS (GNats: A Tracking System, not to be confused with GNAT, The GNU
     Ada Translator) is a bug-tracking system.	It is based upon the paradigm
     of a central site or organization which receives problem reports and
     negotiates their resolution by electronic mail.  Although it has been
     used primarily as a software bug-tracking system so far, it is
     sufficiently generalized so that it could be used for handling system
     administration issues, project management or any number of other
     applications.

   * `gnuplot'	       (SrcCD, UtilT, WdwsD)

     `gnuplot' is an interactive program for plotting mathematical
     expressions and data.  It handles both curves (2 dimensions) and surfaces
     (3 dimensions).  Curiously, the program was neither written nor named for
     the GNU Project; the name is a coincidence.  GNU Emacs' Calc mode uses
     `gnuplot' smoothly.

   * GnuGo	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GnuGo plays the game of Go (Wei-Chi); it is not yet very sophisticated.

   * `gperf'	     (LangT, SrcCD)

     `gperf' generates perfect hash tables.  There are two implementations of
     `gperf', written in C and C++.  Both produce hash functions in either C
     or C++.

   * GNU Graphics	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU Graphics is a system which produces x-y plots from ASCII or binary
     data.  It supports traditional Unix device independent plot files,
     Postscript and Tektronix 4010 compatible output devices and plot
     previewing under the X Window System.  Features include output support
     in TekniCAD TDA and ln03 file formats; a `spline' program replacement;
     examples of shell scripts using `graph' and `plot'; and a statistics
     toolkit.  Ask Rich Murphey, `Rich@rice.edu', to help test/port it to
     anything beyond a SPARCstation.

   * grep	  (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     This package has GNU `grep', `egrep', and `fgrep' which output lines
     that match inputed patterns.  They are much faster than the traditional
     Unix versions.

   * Groff	   (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     Groff is a document formatting system, which includes drivers for
     Postscript, TeX `dvi' format, and typewriter-like devices, as well as
     implementations of `eqn', `nroff', `pic', `refer', `tbl', `troff', and
     the `man', `ms', and `mm' macros.	Groff's `mm' macro package is almost
     compatible with the DWB `mm' macros and has several extensions.  Also
     included is a modified version of the Berkeley `me' macros and an
     enhanced version of the X11 `xditview' previewer.	Written in C++, these
     programs can be compiled with GNU C++ Version 2.5 or later.  A driver
     for the LaserJet 4 series of printers is currently in test.

     Groff users are encouraged to contribute enhancements.  Most needed are
     complete Texinfo documentation, a `grap' emulation (a `pic' preprocessor
     for typesetting graphs), a page-makeup postprocessor similar to `pm'
     (see `Computing Systems', Vol. 2, No. 2; ask `office@usenix.org' how to
     get a copy) and an ASCII output class for `pic' so that `pic' can be
     integrated with Texinfo.  Questions and bug reports from users who have
     read the documentation provided with Groff can be sent to
     `bug-groff@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

   * `gzip'	    (DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, LspEmcT, SrcCD, UtilT)

     Some of the contents of our tape and FTP distributions are compressed.
     We have software on our tapes and FTP sites to uncompress these files.
     Due to patent troubles with `compress', we have switched to another
     compression program, `gzip'.  (Prohibitions on programming like this are
     fought by the League for Programming Freedom, see ``What Is the LPF'',
     for details.)  `gzip' can expand LZW-compressed files but uses another,
     unpatented algorithm for compression which generally produces better
     results.  It also expands files compressed with System V's `pack'
     program.

   * `hello'	     (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     The GNU `hello' program produces a familiar, friendly greeting.  It
     allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which would
     otherwise be unavailable to them.	Because it is protected by the GNU
     General Public License, users are free to share and change it.

     Like any truly useful program, `hello' contains a built-in mail reader.

   * `hp2xx'	     (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU `hp2xx' reads HP-GL files, decomposes all drawing commands into
     elementary vectors, and converts them into a variety of vector and raster
     output formats.  It is also an HP-GL previewer.  Currently supported
     vector formats include encapsulated Postscript, Uniplex RGIP, Metafont
     and various special TeX-related formats, and simplified HP-GL (line
     drawing only) for imports.	 Raster formats supported include IMG, PBM,
     PCX, & HP-PCL (including Deskjet & DJ5xxC support).  Previewers work
     under X11 (Unix), OS/2 (PM & full screen), MS-DOS (SVGA, VGA, & HGC).

   * `indent'	      (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     GNU `indent' is a revision of the BSD version.  By default, it formats C
     source according to the GNU coding standards.  The BSD default, K&R and
     other formats are available as options.  It is also possible to define
     your own format.  GNU `indent' is more robust and provides more
     functionality than other versions, e.g., it handles C++ comments.

   * Ispell	    (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     Ispell is an interactive spell checker that suggests "near misses" as
     replacements for unrecognized words.  System & user-maintained
     dictionaries for multiple languages can be used.  Standalone & GNU Emacs
     interfaces are available.	 Previously, the GNU Project had its own
     version of ispell ("Ispell 4.0"), but has dropped it for a parallel
     branch that has had more development ("Ispell 3.1").  The version
     numbers do not accurately reflect the lineage of these two branches;
     version 3 is more sophisticated.

   * JACAL	   *Not available from the FSF*

     JACAL is a symbolic mathematics system for the manipulation and
     simplification of equations and single and multiple-valued algebraic
     expressions constructed of numbers, variables, radicals, differential
     operators, and algebraic and holonomic functions.	Vectors, matrices,
     and tensors of these objects are also included.

     JACAL was written in Scheme by Aubrey Jaffer.  It comes with SCM, an IEEE
     P1178 and R4RS compliant version of Scheme written in C.  SCM runs on
     Amiga, Atari-ST, MS-DOS, OS/2, NOS/VE, Unicos, VMS, Unix, and similar
     systems.  SLIB is a portable Scheme library used by JACAL.

     The FSF is not distributing JACAL on any media.  To receive an IBM PC
     floppy disk with the source and executable files, send $99.00 to:
	     Aubrey Jaffer
	     84 Pleasant Street
	     Wakefield, MA   01880-1846
	     USA

   * `less'	    (SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     `less' is a display paginator similar to `more' and `pg' but with
     various features (such as the ability to scroll backwards) that most
     pagers lack.

   * `m4'	  (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     GNU `m4' is an implementation of the traditional Unix macro processor.
     It is mostly SVR4 compatible, although it has some extensions (for
     example, handling more than 9 positional parameters to macros).  `m4'
     also has built-in functions for including files, running shell commands,
     doing arithmetic, etc.

   * `make'	    (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, LspEmcT, SrcCD, UtilD,
     UtilT)

     GNU `make' supports POSIX 1003.2 and has all but a few obscure features
     of the BSD and System V versions of `make', as well as many of our own
     extensions.  GNU extensions include long options, parallel compilation,
     flexible implicit pattern rules, conditional execution and powerful text
     manipulation functions.  Recent versions have improved error reporting
     and added support for the popular `+=' syntax to append more text to a
     variable's definition.  Texinfo source for the `Make Manual' comes with
     the program.  See ``Documentation''.

     GNU `make' is on several of our tapes because some system vendors supply
     no `make' utility at all, and some native `make' programs lack the
     `VPATH' feature essential for using the GNU configure system to its full
     extent.  The GNU `make' sources have a shell script to build `make'
     itself on such systems.

     DJ Delorie has ported GNU `make' to MS-DOS using the GO32 extender.
     MS-DOS binaries for `make' are available with the DJGPP distribution.

   * MandelSpawn	 (SrcCD, UtilT)

     A parallel Mandelbrot generation program for the X Window System.

   * mtools	    (SrcCD, UtilT)

     mtools is a set of public domain programs to allow Unix systems to read,
     write and manipulate files on an MS-DOS file system (usually a diskette).

   * MULE	  (EmcsD, DosCD, SrcCD)

     MULE is a MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs.  It can handle many
     character sets at once including Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese,
     Thai, Greek, the ISO Latin-1 through Latin-5 character sets, Ukrainian,
     Arabic, Hebrew, Russian, and other Cyrillic alphabets.  A text buffer in
     MULE can contain a mixture of characters from these languages.  To input
     any of these characters, you can use various input methods provided by
     MULE itself.  In addition, if you use MULE under some terminal emulators
     (kterm, cxterm, or exterm), you can use its input methods.	 MULE is
     being merged into GNU Emacs.  See ``GNU and Other Free Software in
     Japan'', for more information about MULE.

   * NetHack	     (SrcCD, UtilT)

     NetHack is a display-oriented adventure game similar to Rogue.  Both
     ASCII and X displays are supported.

   * NIH Class Library	       (LangT, SrcCD)

     The NIH Class Library (formerly known as "OOPS", Object-Oriented Program
     Support) is a portable collection of C++ classes, similar to those in
     Smalltalk-80, which has been developed by Keith Gorlen of the National
     Institutes of Health (NIH), using the C++ programming language.

   * `nvi'	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `nvi' is a free implementation of the `vi'/`ex' Unix editor.  It has
     most of the functionality of the original `vi'/`ex', except "open" mode
     & the `lisp' option, which will be added.	Enhancements over `vi'/`ex'
     include split screens with multiple buffers, handling 8-bit data,
     infinite file & line lengths, tag stacks, infinite undo & extended
     regular expressions.  It runs under GNU/Linux, BSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD,
     BSDI, AIX, HP-UX, DGUX, IRIX, PSF, PTX, Solaris, SunOS, Ultrix, Unixware
     & should port easily to many other systems.

   * GNU Objective-C Library	     (LangT, SrcCD)

     The GNU Objective-C Class Library (`libobjects') is a library of
     general-purpose, non-graphical Objective-C objects written by R.  Andrew
     McCallum.	It includes collection objects for maintaining groups of
     objects and C types, streams for I/O to various destinations, coders for
     formatting objects and C types to streams, ports for network packet
     transmission, distributed objects (remote object messaging),
     pseudo-random number generators, and time handling facilities.  It is
     known to work on i386, i486, Pentium. m68k, SPARC, MIPS, & RS6000.
     Contact the author at `mccallum@gnu.ai.mit.edu'.

   * `OBST'	    (LangT, SrcCD)

     `OBST' is a persistent object management system with bindings to C++.
     `OBST' supports incremental loading of methods.  Its graphical tools
     require the X Window System.  It features a hands-on tutorial including
     sample programs.  It compiles with g++ and should install easily on most
     Unix platforms.

   * Octave	    (LangT, SrcCD)

     Octave is a high-level language that is primarily intended for numerical
     computations.  It provides a convenient command line interface for
     solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically.	  Octave does
     arithmetic for real and complex scalars and matrices, solves sets of
     nonlinear algebraic equations, integrates systems of ordinary
     differential and differential-algebraic equations, and integrates
     functions over finite and infinite intervals.   Send queries and bug
     reports to: `bug-octave@che.utexas.edu'.	Source is included for a 150+
     page Texinfo manual, which is not yet published by the FSF.

   * Oleo	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     Oleo is a spreadsheet program (better for you than the more expensive
     spreadsheets).  It supports the X Window System and character-based
     terminals, and can output Embedded Postscript renditions of spreadsheets.
     Keybindings should be familiar to Emacs users and are configurable.
     Under X and in Postscript output, Oleo supports multiple, variable width
     fonts.  See ``Forthcoming GNUs'', for the plans for later releases of
     Oleo.

   * `p2c'	   (LangT, SrcCD)

     `p2c' is a Pascal-to-C translator written by Dave Gillespie.  It
     recognizes many Pascal dialects including Turbo, HP, VAX, and ISO, and
     produces readable, maintainable, portable C.

   * `patch'	     (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     `patch' is our version of Larry Wall's program to take `diff''s output
     and apply those differences to an original file to generate the modified
     version.

   * PCL	 (LspEmcT, SrcCD)

     PCL is a free implementation of a large subset of CLOS, the Common Lisp
     Object System.  It runs under both GCL and CLISP, mentioned above.

   * `perl'	    (LangT, SrcCD)

     Larry Wall's `perl' combines the features and capabilities of `sed',
     `awk', `sh' and C, as well as interfaces to the Unix system calls and
     many C library routines.

   * `ptx'	   (SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     GNU `ptx' is our version of the traditional permuted index generator.
     It handles multiple input files at once, produces TeX compatible output,
     & outputs readable "KWIC" (KeyWords In Context) indexes.	It does not
     yet handle input files that do not fit in memory all at once.

   * `rc'	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `rc' is a shell that features a C-like syntax (much more so than `csh')
     and far cleaner quoting rules than the C or Bourne shells.	 It's
     intended to be used interactively, but is also great for writing
     scripts.  It inspired the shell `es'.

   * RCS	 (SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     RCS, the Revision Control System, is used for version control &
     management of software projects.  When used with GNU `diff', RCS can
     handle binary files (executables, object files, 8-bit data, etc).	Also
     see the item about CVS in this section.

   * `recode'	      (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU `recode' converts files between character sets and usages.  When
     exact transliterations are not possible, it may get rid of the offending
     characters or fall back on approximations.	 This program recognizes or
     produces nearly 150 different character sets and is able to
     transliterate files between almost any pair.  Most RFC 1345 character
     sets are supported.

   * regex	   (LangT, SrcCD)

     The GNU regular expression library supports POSIX.2, except for
     internationalization features.  In the past, it has been included in
     many GNU programs which do regular expression matching.  Now it is
     available separately.  An alternative regular expression package, `rx',
     comes with `sed'; it has the potential to be faster than `regex' in most
     cases, but still needs work.

   * Scheme	    (SchmT, SrcCD)

     For information about Scheme, see ``Scheme Tape''.

   * `screen'	      (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `screen' is a terminal multiplexer that runs several separate "screens"
     (ttys) on a single physical character-based terminal.  Each virtual
     terminal emulates a DEC VT100 plus several ANSI X3.64 and ISO 2022
     functions.	 Arbitrary keyboard input translation is also supported.
     `screen' sessions can be detached and resumed later on a different
     terminal type.

   * `sed'	   (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     `sed' is a stream-oriented version of `ed'.  GNU `sed' comes with the
     `rx' library, a faster version of `regex' (see ``Forthcoming GNUs'').

   * Sharutils	       (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `shar' makes so-called shell archives out of many files, preparing them
     for transmission by electronic mail services, while `unshar' helps
     unpack these shell archives after reception.  `uuencode' prepares a file
     for transmission over an electronic channel which ignores or otherwise
     mangles the high order bit of bytes, while `uudecode' does the converse
     transformation.

   * Shellutils		(DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     Use shellutils interactively or in shell scripts: `basename', `date',
     `dirname', `echo', `env', `expr', `false', `groups', `hostname', `id',
     `logname', `nice', `nohup', `pathchk', `printenv', `printf', `pwd',
     `sleep', `stty', `su', `tee', `test', `true', `tty', `uname', `users',
     `who', `whoami', and `yes'.

   * GNU Shogi	       (SrcCD, UtilT)

     Shogi is a Japanese game similar to Chess; a major difference is that
     captured pieces can be returned into play.	  GNU Shogi has been created
     by modifying GNU Chess; GNU Shogi implements the same features as GNU
     Chess and uses similar heuristics.	 As a new feature, sequences of
     partial board patterns can be introduced in order to help the program
     play toward specific opening patterns.  There are both character and X
     display interfaces.   GNU Shogi is primarily supported by Matthias Mutz
     on behalf of the FSF.

   * Smalltalk	       (LangT, SrcCD)

     GNU Smalltalk is an interpreted object-oriented programming language
     system written in highly portable C.  It has been successfully ported to
     many Unix and some other platforms, including DOS (but these non-Unix
     ports are not available from the FSF).  Current features include a
     binary image save capability, the ability to invoke user-written C code
     and pass parameters to it, a GNU Emacs editing mode, a version of the X
     protocol invocable from Smalltalk, optional byte-code compilation
     tracing and byte-code execution tracing, and automatically loaded
     per-user initialization files.  It implements all of the classes and
     protocol in the Smalltalk-80 book "Smalltalk-80: The Language", except
     for the graphic user interface (`GUI') related classes.

     See ``Forthcoming GNUs'', for plans for later releases of Smalltalk.

   * Superopt	      (LangT, SrcCD)

     Superopt is a function sequence generator that uses an exhaustive
     generate-and-test approach to find the shortest instruction sequence for
     a given function.	You provide the GNU superoptimizer, `gso', a
     function, a CPU to generate code for, and how many instructions you can
     accept.  Its application in GCC is described in the `ACM SIGPLAN
     PLDI'92' proceedings.  Superopt supports: SPARC, m68k, m68020, m88k, IBM
     RS/6000, AMD 29000, Intel 80x86, Pyramid, DEC Alpha, & HP-PA.

   * `tar'	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU `tar' includes multivolume support, the ability to archive sparse
     files, automatic archive compression/decompression, remote archives and
     special features that allow `tar' to be used for incremental and full
     backups.  Unfortunately, GNU `tar' implements an early draft of the
     POSIX 1003.1 `ustar' standard which is different from the final
     standard.	Adding support for the new changes in a backward-compatible
     fashion is not trivial.

   * Termcap Library	     (SrcCD, UtilT)

     The GNU Termcap library is a drop-in replacement for `libtermcap.a' on
     any system.  It does not place an arbitrary limit on the size of Termcap
     entries, unlike most other Termcap libraries.  Included is source for the
     `Termcap Manual' in Texinfo format.  See ``Documentation''.

   * TeX	 (SrcCD)

     TeX is a document formatting system that handles complicated
     typesetting, including mathematics.  It is GNU's standard text formatter.

     You can obtain TeX from the University of Washington, which maintains and
     supports a tape distribution of TeX for Unix systems.  The core material
     consists of Karl Berry's `web2c' TeX package, the sources for which are
     available via anonymous ftp; retrieval instructions are in
     `pub/tex/unixtex.ftp' on `ftp.cs.umb.edu'.	 If you receive any
     installation support from the University of Washington, please consider
     sending them a donation.

     To order a full distribution written in `tar' on either a 1/4inch
     4-track QIC-24 cartridge or a 4mm DAT cartridge, send $210.00 to:

	     Pierre A. MacKay
	     Department of Classics
	     DH-10, Denny Hall 218
	     University of Washington
	     Seattle, WA   98195
	     USA

	     Electronic-Mail: `mackay@cs.washington.edu'
	     Telephone: +1-206-543-2268

     Please make checks payable to the University of Washington.  Do not
     specify any other payee.  That causes accounting difficulties.  Checks
     must be in U.S. dollars, drawn on a U.S. bank.  Prepaid orders are the
     only orders that can now be handled.  Overseas sites: please add to the
     base cost $20.00 for shipment via air parcel post, or $30.00 for
     shipment via courier.  Please check with the above for current prices
     and formats.

   * Texinfo	     (DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, LspEmcT, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     Texinfo is a set of utilities which generate both printed manuals and
     online hypertext documentation (called "Info").  There are also programs
     for reading online Info documents.	 Version 3 has both GNU Emacs Lisp
     and standalone programs written in C or shell script.  Texinfo mode for
     GNU Emacs enables easy editing and updating of Texinfo files.  Programs
     provided include `makeinfo', `info', `texi2dvi', `texindex', `tex2patch',
     and `fixfonts'.  Source for the `Texinfo Manual' is included.  See
     ``Documentation''.

   * Textutils	       (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     The Textutils programs manipulate textual data.  They include: `cat',
     `cksum', `comm', `csplit', `cut', `expand', `fmt', `fold', `head',
     `join', `nl', `od', `paste', `pr', `sort', `split', `sum', `tac', `tail',
     `tr', `unexpand', `uniq', and `wc'.

   * Tile Forth		(LangT, SrcCD)

     Tile Forth is a 32-bit implementation of the Forth-83 standard written
     in C, allowing it to be easily ported to new systems, and extended with
     "any" C-function (graphics, windowing, etc).   Many Forth libraries with
     full documentation are available including ones for top-down parsing,
     multi-threads, and object oriented programming.

   * `time'	    (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `time' is used to report statistics (usually from a shell) about the
     amount of user, system and real time used by a process.  On some systems
     it also reports memory usage, page faults, and other statistics.

   * `tput'	    (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `tput' is a portable way for shell scripts to use special terminal
     capabilities.  Our `tput' uses the Termcap database, instead of Terminfo
     as most others do.

   * UUCP	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     This version of UUCP was written by Ian Lance Taylor, and is GNU's
     standard UUCP system.  It supports the `f', `g' and `v' (in all window
     and packet sizes), `G', `t', `e', Zmodem and two new bidirectional (`i'
     and `j') protocols.  If you have a Berkeley sockets library, it can make
     TCP connections.  If you have TLI libraries, it can make TLI
     connections.  Source is included for a Texinfo manual, which is not yet
     published by the FSF.

   * `wdiff'	     (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     `wdiff' is a front-end to GNU `diff'.  It compares two files, finding
     the words deleted or added to the first to make the second.  It has many
     output formats and works well with terminals and pagers.  `wdiff' is
     very useful when two texts differ only by a few words and paragraphs
     have been refilled.

   * `Ygl'	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `Ygl' emulates SGI's GL (Graphics Language) library under X11.  It runs
     under GNU/Linux with XFree, AIX 3.2, ConvexOS, HP-UX 7.0/8.0/9.0, SunOS
     and many others.



Program/Package Cross Reference
*******************************

Here is a list of what package each GNU program or library is in.  You can
anonymously FTP a full list in the file `/pub/gnu/ProgramIndex' from a GNU
FTP host (see ``How to Get GNU Software'' for a list).

	* a2p perl
	* a2x xopt
	* ac bsd44
	* accton bsd44
	* acl bsd44
	* acm acm
	* acms acm
	* addftinfo Groff
	* adventure bsd44
	* afm2tfm TeX
	* amd bsd44
	* ansitape bsd44
	* AnswerGarden xopt
	* apply bsd44
	* appres xreq
	* apropos bsd44
	* ar Binutils
	* arithmetic bsd44
	* arp bsd44
	* atc bsd44
	* autoconf Autoconf
	* autoheader Autoconf
	* autoreconf Autoconf
	* autoscan Autoconf
	* autoupdate Autoconf
	* auto_box xopt
	* auto_box xreq

	* b2m Emacs
	* backgammon bsd44
	* bad144 bsd44
	* badsect bsd44
	* banner bsd44
	* basename Shellutils
	* bash BASH
	* battlestar bsd44
	* bc bc
	* bcd bsd44
	* bdes bsd44
	* bdftops Ghostscript
	* beach_ball xopt
	* beach_ball xreq
	* beach_ball2 xopt
	* bibtex TeX
	* biff bsd44
	* bison Bison
	* bitmap xreq
	* boggle bsd44
	* bpltobzr Fontutils
	* bugfiler bsd44
	* build ispell
	* bzrto Fontutils

	* c++ GCC
	* c++filt Binutils
	* c2ph perl
	* ca100 xopt
	* caeser bsd44
	* cal bsd44
	* calendar bsd44
	* canfield bsd44
	* cat Textutils
	* cbars wdiff
	* cc GCC
	* cc1 GCC
	* cc1obj GCC
	* cc1plus GCC
	* cccp GCC
	* charspace Fontutils
	* checknr bsd44
	* chess bsd44
	* chflags bsd44
	* chgrp Fileutils
	* ching bsd44
	* chmod Fileutils
	* chown Fileutils
	* chpass bsd44
	* chroot bsd44
	* ci RCS
	* cksum Textutils
	* clisp CLISP
	* clri bsd44
	* cmail xboard
	* cmmf TeX
	* cmodext xopt
	* cmp Diffutils
	* co RCS
	* col bsd44
	* colcrt bsd44
	* colrm bsd44
	* column bsd44
	* comm Textutils
	* compress bsd44
	* comsat bsd44
	* connectd bsd44
	* cp Fileutils
	* cpicker xopt
	* cpio cpio
	* cpp GCC
	* cppstdin perl
	* cribbage bsd44
	* crock xopt
	* csh bsd44
	* csplit Textutils
	* ctags Emacs
	* ctwm xopt
	* cu UUCP
	* cut Textutils
	* cvs CVS
	* cvscheck CVS
	* cvtmail Emacs
	* cxterm xopt

	* d Fileutils
	* date Shellutils
	* dc bc
	* dd Fileutils
	* delatex TeX
	* demangle Binutils
	* descend CVS
	* detex TeX
	* df Fileutils
	* diff Diffutils
	* diff3 Diffutils
	* digest-doc Emacs
	* dipress bsd44
	* dir Fileutils
	* dirname Shellutils
	* dish xopt
	* disklabel bsd44
	* diskpart bsd44
	* dld dld
	* dm bsd44
	* dmesg bsd44
	* doschk doschk
	* dox xopt
	* du Fileutils
	* dump bsd44
	* dumpfs bsd44
	* dvi2tty TeX
	* dvicopy TeX
	* dvips TeX
	* dvitype TeX

	* ecc ecc
	* echo Shellutils
	* ed ed
	* edit-pr GNATS
	* editres xreq
	* edquota bsd44
	* eeprom bsd44
	* egrep grep
	* emacs Emacs
	* emacsclient Emacs
	* emacsserver Emacs
	* emacstool Emacs
	* emu xopt
	* env Shellutils
	* eqn Groff
	* error bsd44
	* es es
	* esdebug es
	* etags Emacs
	* ex nvi
	* expand Textutils
	* expect DejaGnu
	* expr Shellutils
	* exterm xopt

	* f2c f2c
	* factor bsd44
	* fakemail Emacs
	* false Shellutils
	* fastboot bsd44
	* fax2ps FlexFAX
	* faxalter FlexFAX
	* faxanswer FlexFAX
	* faxcover FlexFAX
	* faxd FlexFAX
	* faxd.recv FlexFAX
	* faxmail FlexFAX
	* faxquit FlexFAX
	* faxrcvd FlexFAX
	* faxrm FlexFAX
	* faxstat FlexFAX
	* fc f2c
	* fdraw xopt
	* fgrep grep
	* file bsd44
	* find Findutils
	* find2perl perl
	* finger finger
	* fingerd finger
	* fish bsd44
	* fixfonts Texinfo
	* fixinc.svr4 GCC
	* fixincludes GCC
	* flex flex
	* fmt bsd44
	* fold Textutils
	* font2c Ghostscript
	* fontconvert Fontutils
	* forth Tile Forth
	* forthicon Tile Forth
	* forthtool Tile Forth
	* fortune bsd44
	* fpr bsd44
	* freq ispell
	* freqtbl ispell
	* from bsd44
	* fsck bsd44
	* fsplit bsd44
	* fstat bsd44
	* ftp bsd44
	* ftpd bsd44

	* g++ GCC
	* gas Binutils
	* gawk Gawk
	* gcc GCC
	* gcore bsd44
	* gdb GDB
	* genclass libg++
	* getty bsd44
	* gftodvi TeX
	* gftopk TeX
	* gftype TeX
	* ghostview Ghostview
	* gnats GNATS
	* gnuchess Chess
	* gnuchessc Chess
	* gnuchessn Chess
	* gnuchessr Chess
	* gnuchessx Chess
	* gnupdisp Shogi
	* gnuplot gnuplot
	* gnuplot_x11 gnuplot
	* gnushogi Shogi
	* gnushogir Shogi
	* gnushogix Shogi
	* go GnuGo
	* gpc xopt
	* gpc xreq
	* gperf gperf
	* gperf libg++
	* gprof Binutils
	* graph Graphics
	* grep grep
	* grodvi Groff
	* groff Groff
	* grops Groff
	* grotty Groff
	* groups Shellutils
	* gs Ghostscript
	* gsbj Ghostscript
	* gsdj Ghostscript
	* gslj Ghostscript
	* gslp Ghostscript
	* gsnd Ghostscript
	* gsrenderfont Fontutils
	* gunzip gzip
	* gwm xopt
	* gzexe gzip
	* gzip gzip

	* h2ph perl
	* h2pl perl
	* hack bsd44
	* hangman bsd44
	* head Textutils
	* hello hello
	* hexdump bsd44
	* hexl Emacs
	* hostname Shellutils
	* hp2xx hp2xx
	* hterm xopt

	* i18nOlwmV2 xopt
	* i2mif xopt
	* ico xopt
	* ico xreq
	* id Shellutils
	* ident RCS
	* ifconfig bsd44
	* ifnames Autoconf
	* ImageMagick xopt
	* imageto Fontutils
	* iman xopt
	* imgrotate Fontutils
	* indent indent
	* indxbib Groff
	* inetd bsd44
	* info Texinfo
	* inimf TeX
	* init bsd44
	* initex TeX
	* inn bsd44
	* install Fileutils
	* iostat bsd44
	* ispell ispell
	* ixterm xopt
	* ixx xopt

	* join Textutils
	* jot bsd44
	* jove bsd44

	* kdestroy bsd44
	* kdump bsd44
	* kermit bsd44
	* kgames xopt
	* kgmon bsd44
	* kill bsd44
	* kinit bsd44
	* kinput2 xopt
	* klist bsd44
	* kpasswdd bsd44
	* ksrvtgt bsd44
	* kterm xopt
	* ktrace bsd44

	* lam bsd44
	* larn bsd44
	* lasergnu gnuplot
	* last bsd44
	* lastcomm bsd44
	* latex TeX
	* lclock xopt
	* ld Binutils
	* leave bsd44
	* less less
	* lesskey less
	* libbfd.a Binutils
	* libbfd.a GAS
	* libbfd.a GDB
	* libbzr.a Fontutils
	* libc.a C Library
	* libcompat.a bsd44
	* libcurses.a bsd44
	* libcurses.a nvi
	* libedit.a bsd44
	* libF77.a f2c
	* libg++.a libg++
	* libgdbm.a gdbm
	* libgf.a Fontutils
	* libgmp.a gmp
	* libI77.a f2c
	* libkvm.a bsd44
	* libm.a bsd44
	* libnihcl.a NIHCL
	* libnihclmi.a NIHCL
	* libnihclvec.a NIHCL
	* libnls.a xreq
	* liboctave.a Octave
	* liboldX.a xreq
	* libpbm.a Fontutils
	* libPEXt.a xopt
	* libpk.a Fontutils
	* libresolv.a bsd44
	* librpc.a bsd44
	* libtcl.a DejaGnu
	* libtelnet.a bsd44
	* libterm.a bsd44
	* libtermcap.a Termcap
	* libtfm.a Fontutils
	* libutil.a bsd44
	* libWc.a xopt
	* libwidgets.a Fontutils
	* libX.a xreq
	* libXau.a xreq
	* libXaw.a xreq
	* libXcp.a xopt
	* libXcu.a xopt
	* libXdmcp.a xreq
	* libXmp.a xopt
	* libXmu.a xreq
	* libXO.a xopt
	* libXop.a xopt
	* libXp.a xopt
	* libXpex.a xopt
	* libXt.a xopt
	* libXt.a xreq
	* libXwchar.a xopt
	* liby.a bsd44
	* libYgl.a Ygl
	* limn Fontutils
	* listres xopt
	* listres xreq
	* lkbib Groff
	* ln Fileutils
	* locate Findutils
	* lock bsd44
	* logger bsd44
	* login bsd44
	* logname Shellutils
	* look ispell
	* lookbib Groff
	* lorder bsd44
	* lpr bsd44
	* ls Fileutils

	* m4 m4
	* mail bsd44
	* make Make
	* make-docfile Emacs
	* make-path Emacs
	* makeindex TeX
	* makeinfo Texinfo
	* MakeTeXPK TeX
	* man bsd44
	* man-macros Groff
	* mattrib mtools
	* maze xopt
	* maze xreq
	* mazewar xopt
	* mcd mtools
	* mcopy mtools
	* mdel mtools
	* mdir mtools
	* me-macros Groff
	* merge RCS
	* mesg bsd44
	* mf TeX
	* mformat mtools
	* mft TeX
	* mgdiff xopt
	* mh bsd44
	* mille bsd44
	* mkdep bsd44
	* mkdir Fileutils
	* mkfifo Fileutils
	* mklocale bsd44
	* mkmanifest mtools
	* mkmf bsd44
	* mkmodules CVS
	* mknod Fileutils
	* mkstr bsd44
	* mlabel mtools
	* mm-macros Groff
	* mmd mtools
	* monop bsd44
	* more bsd44
	* morse bsd44
	* mount bsd44
	* mountd bsd44
	* movemail Emacs
	* mprof bsd44
	* mrd mtools
	* mread mtools
	* mren mtools
	* ms-macros Groff
	* msgs bsd44
	* mt cpio
	* mterm xopt
	* mtree bsd44
	* mtype mtools
	* mule MULE
	* muncher xopt
	* mv Fileutils
	* mvdir Fileutils
	* mwrite mtools

	* nethack Nethack
	* netstat bsd44
	* newfs bsd44
	* nfsd bsd44
	* nfsiod bsd44
	* nfsstat bsd44
	* nice Shellutils
	* nl Textutils
	* nlmconv Binutils
	* nm Binutils
	* nohup Shellutils
	* notify FlexFAX
	* nroff Groff
	* number bsd44

	* objc GCC
	* objcopy Binutils
	* objdump Binutils
	* objective-c GCC
	* obst-boot OBST
	* obst-CC OBST
	* obst-cct OBST
	* obst-cgc OBST
	* obst-cmp OBST
	* obst-cnt OBST
	* obst-cpcnt OBST
	* obst-csz OBST
	* obst-dir OBST
	* obst-dmp OBST
	* obst-gen OBST
	* obst-gsh OBST
	* obst-init OBST
	* obst-scp OBST
	* obst-sil OBST
	* obst-stf OBST
	* oclock xreq
	* octave Octave
	* od Textutils
	* oleo Oleo
	* ora-examples xopt

	* p2c p2c
	* pagesize bsd44
	* palette xopt
	* pascal bsd44
	* passwd bsd44
	* paste Textutils
	* patch patch
	* patgen TeX
	* pathalias bsd44
	* pathchk Shellutils
	* pax bsd44
	* pbmplus xopt
	* perl perl
	* pfbtops Groff
	* phantasia bsd44
	* pic Groff
	* pig bsd44
	* ping bsd44
	* pixedit xopt
	* pixmap xopt
	* pktogf TeX
	* pktype TeX
	* plaid xopt
	* plot2fig Graphics
	* plot2plot Graphics
	* plot2ps Graphics
	* plot2tek Graphics
	* pltotf TeX
	* pollrcvd FlexFAX
	* pom bsd44
	* pooltype TeX
	* portmap bsd44
	* ppt bsd44
	* pr Textutils
	* pr-addr GNATS
	* pr-edit GNATS
	* primes bsd44
	* printenv Shellutils
	* printf Shellutils
	* protoize GCC
	* ps bsd44
	* ps2ascii Ghostscript
	* ps2epsi Ghostscript
	* ps2fax FlexFAX
	* psbb Groff
	* pstat bsd44
	* psycho xopt
	* ptx ptx
	* pubdic+ xopt
	* puzzle xopt
	* puzzle xreq
	* pwd Shellutils
	* pyramid xopt

	* query-pr GNATS
	* quiz bsd44
	* quot bsd44
	* quota bsd44
	* quotacheck bsd44
	* quotaon bsd44

	* rain bsd44
	* random bsd44
	* ranlib Binutils
	* rbootd bsd44
	* rc rc
	* rcp bsd44
	* rcs RCS
	* rcs-to-cvs CVS
	* rcs2log Emacs
	* rcsdiff RCS
	* rcsfreeze RCS
	* rcsmerge RCS
	* rdist bsd44
	* reboot bsd44
	* recode recode
	* recvstats FlexFAX
	* refer Groff
	* renice bsd44
	* repquota bsd44
	* restore bsd44
	* rev bsd44
	* rexecd bsd44
	* rlog RCS
	* rlogin bsd44
	* rlogind bsd44
	* rm Fileutils
	* rmail bsd44
	* rmdir Fileutils
	* rmt cpio
	* rmt tar
	* robots bsd44
	* rogue bsd44
	* route bsd44
	* routed bsd44
	* rr xopt
	* rs bsd44
	* rsh bsd44
	* rshd bsd44
	* runtest DejaGnu
	* runtest.exp DejaGnu
	* ruptime bsd44
	* rwho bsd44
	* rwhod bsd44

	* s2p perl
	* sail bsd44
	* savecore bsd44
	* sc bsd44
	* sccs bsd44
	* sccs2rcs CVS
	* scdisp xopt
	* screen screen
	* script bsd44
	* scsiformat bsd44
	* sctext xopt
	* sdiff Diffutils
	* sed sed
	* send-pr GNATS
	* sendfax FlexFAX
	* sendmail bsd44
	* sgi2fax FlexFAX
	* sh bsd44
	* shar Sharutils
	* shinbun xopt
	* shogi Shogi
	* showfont xopt
	* showmount bsd44
	* shutdown bsd44
	* size Binutils
	* sj3 xopt
	* sjxa xopt
	* slattach bsd44
	* sleep Shellutils
	* sliplogin bsd44
	* snake bsd44
	* snftobdf xopt
	* soelim Groff
	* sort Textutils
	* sos2obst OBST
	* spider xopt
	* split Textutils
	* startslip bsd44
	* stf OBST
	* strings Binutils
	* strip Binutils
	* stty Shellutils
	* su Shellutils
	* sum Textutils
	* superopt Superopt
	* swapon bsd44
	* sync bsd44
	* sysctl bsd44
	* syslogd bsd44
	* systat bsd44

	* tac Textutils
	* tail Textutils
	* taintperl perl
	* talk bsd44
	* talkd bsd44
	* tangle TeX
	* tar tar
	* tbl Groff
	* tcl DejaGnu
	* tclsh DejaGnu
	* tcopy bsd44
	* tcp Emacs
	* tee Shellutils
	* tek2plot Graphics
	* telnet bsd44
	* telnetd bsd44
	* test Shellutils
	* test-g++ DejaGnu
	* test-tool DejaGnu
	* tetris bsd44
	* tex TeX
	* tex3patch Texinfo
	* texi2dvi Texinfo
	* texindex Texinfo
	* texspell TeX
	* textfmt FlexFAX
	* tfmtodit Groff
	* tftopl TeX
	* tftp bsd44
	* tftpd bsd44
	* tgrind TeX
	* time time
	* timed bsd44
	* timer Emacs
	* timex xopt
	* tip bsd44
	* tkpostage xopt
	* tn3270 bsd44
	* touch Fileutils
	* tput tput
	* tr Textutils
	* traceroute bsd44
	* transcript FlexFAX
	* transfig xopt
	* trek bsd44
	* trn3 bsd44
	* troff Groff
	* trpt bsd44
	* trsp bsd44
	* true Shellutils
	* tset bsd44
	* tsort bsd44
	* tty Shellutils
	* tunefs bsd44
	* tvtwm xopt
	* twm xreq

	* ul bsd44
	* umount bsd44
	* uname Shellutils
	* uncompress gzip
	* unexpand Textutils
	* unifdef bsd44
	* uniq Textutils
	* unprotoize GCC
	* unshar Sharutils
	* unvis bsd44
	* update bsd44
	* updatedb Findutils
	* users Shellutils
	* uuchk UUCP
	* uucico UUCP
	* uuconv UUCP
	* uucp UUCP
	* uucpd bsd44
	* uudecode Sharutils
	* uudir UUCP
	* uuencode Sharutils
	* uulog UUCP
	* uuname UUCP
	* uupick UUCP
	* uurate UUCP
	* uusched UUCP
	* uustat UUCP
	* uuto UUCP
	* uux UUCP
	* uuxqt UUCP

	* v Fileutils
	* vacation bsd44
	* vandal xopt
	* vcdiff Emacs
	* vdir Fileutils
	* vftovp TeX
	* vgrind bsd44
	* vi nvi
	* viewres xopt
	* viewres xreq
	* vine xopt
	* vipw bsd44
	* virmf TeX
	* virtex TeX
	* vis bsd44
	* vmstat bsd44
	* vptovf TeX

	* w bsd44
	* wakeup Emacs
	* wall bsd44
	* wargames bsd44
	* wc Textutils
	* wdiff wdiff
	* weave TeX
	* what bsd44
	* whatis bsd44
	* whereis bsd44
	* who Shellutils
	* whoami Shellutils
	* whois bsd44
	* window bsd44
	* winterp xopt
	* wish DejaGnu
	* worm bsd44
	* worms bsd44
	* write bsd44
	* wump bsd44

	* x11perf xreq
	* x2p perl
	* xalarm xopt
	* xancur xopt
	* xargs Findutils
	* xauth xreq
	* xbfe Fontutils
	* xbiff xopt
	* xbiff xreq
	* xboard xboard
	* xboing xopt
	* xbuffy3 xopt
	* xcalc xopt
	* xcalc xreq
	* xcalendar xopt
	* xcdplayer xopt
	* xcell xopt
	* xclipboard xreq
	* xclock xreq
	* xcmdmenu xopt
	* xcms xopt
	* xcmsdb xreq
	* xcmstest xreq
	* xco xopt
	* xcolorize xopt
	* xcolors xopt
	* xconsole xreq
	* xcrtca xopt
	* xdaliclock xopt
	* xdiary xopt
	* xditview Groff
	* xditview xopt
	* xditview xreq
	* xdm xreq
	* xdpyinfo xreq
	* xdu xopt
	* xdvi TeX
	* xdvi xopt
	* xdvorak xopt
	* xearth xopt
	* xed xopt
	* xedit xopt
	* xedit xreq
	* xev xopt
	* xev xreq
	* xexit xopt
	* xeyes xopt
	* xeyes xreq
	* xfd xreq
	* xfed xopt
	* xfedor xopt
	* xfeoak xopt
	* xferstats FlexFAX
	* xfig xopt
	* xfontsel xopt
	* xfontsel xreq
	* xforecast xopt
	* xgas xopt
	* xgas xreq
	* xgc xopt
	* xgc xreq
	* xhearts xopt
	* xhelp xopt
	* xhost xreq
	* xinit xreq
	* xkeycaps xopt
	* xkill xreq
	* xlax xopt
	* xlayout xopt
	* xlbiff xopt
	* xless xopt
	* xload xopt
	* xload xreq
	* xlogin xopt
	* xlogo xreq
	* xlsatoms xreq
	* xlsclients xreq
	* xlsfonts xreq
	* xmag xreq
	* xmail xopt
	* xmailbox xopt
	* xmailwatcher xopt
	* xman xopt
	* xman xreq
	* xmandel xopt
	* xmessage xopt
	* xmeter xopt
	* xmh xreq
	* xmh-icons xopt
	* xmh.editor xopt
	* xmodmap xreq
	* xmon xopt
	* xmove xopt
	* xmphone xopt
	* xpd xopt
	* xphoon xopt
	* xpipeman xopt
	* xplot Graphics
	* xpostit xopt
	* xpr xopt
	* xpr xreq
	* xprompt xopt
	* xproof xopt
	* xprop xreq
	* xpserv xopt
	* xrdb xreq
	* xrefresh xreq
	* xrsh xopt
	* xrubik xopt
	* xrunclient xopt
	* xscope xopt
	* xscreensaver xopt
	* xsession xopt
	* xset xreq
	* xsetroot xreq
	* xshogi xshogi
	* xstdcmap xreq
	* xstr bsd44
	* xtalk xopt
	* xterm xreq
	* xterm_color xopt
	* xtetris xopt
	* xTeXcad.13 xopt
	* xtiff xopt
	* xtree xopt
	* xtv xopt
	* xwd xreq
	* xwininfo xreq
	* xwud xreq

	* yacc bsd44
	* yes Shellutils
	* youbin xopt
	* yow Emacs

	* zcat gzip
	* zcmp gzip
	* zdiff gzip
	* zforce gzip
	* zgrep gzip
	* zmore gzip
	* znew gzip

	* [ Shellutils



Tapes
*****

We offer Unix source code on tapes in `tar' format on these media:

   * 4mm DAT cartridges

   * 8mm Exabyte cartridges

   * Sun DC300XLP QIC-24 1/4in cartridges (readable on some other systems)

   * Hewlett-Packard 16-track DC600HC 1/4in cartridges

   * IBM RS/6000 QIC-150 1/4in cartridges (readable on some other systems)

   * 1600bpi 9-track 1/2in reel tape

The contents of the reel and various cartridge tapes for Unix systems are the
same (except for the RS/6000 Emacs tape, which also has executables for
Emacs); only the media are different.  For pricing information, see the
``Free Software Foundation Order Form''.  Source code for the manuals and
reference cards is included (see ``Documentation'').

Some of the files on the tapes may be compressed with `gzip' to make them
fit.  Refer to the top-level `README' file at the beginning of each tape for
instructions on uncompressing them.  `uncompress' and `unpack' *do not work*!



Languages Tape
--------------

This tape contains programming tools: compilers, interpreters, and related
programs (parsers, conversion programs, debuggers, etc.).

	* Binutils 2.5.2
	* Bison 1.22
	* C Library 1.09
	* DejaGnu 1.2
	* dld 3.2.3
	* ecc 1.2.1
	* f2c 1994.11.03
	* flex 2.4.7
	* Gawk 2.15.5
	* GCC/G++/Objective-C 2.6.3
	* GDB 4.13
	* gdbm 1.7.3
	* gmp 1.3.2
	* gperf 2.1a
	* gzip 1.2.4
	* indent 1.9.1
	* libg++ 2.6.1
	* libobjects 0.1.0
	* Make 3.72.1
	* NIHCL 3.0
	* OBST 3.4
	* Octave 1.0
	* p2c 1.20
	* perl 4.036
	* perl 5.000
	* regex 0.12
	* rx 0.05
	* Smalltalk 1.1.1
	* Superopt 2.3
	* Texinfo 3.1
	* Tile Forth 2.1



Lisps and Emacs Tape
--------------------

This tape has Common Lisp systems and libraries, GNU Emacs, assorted
extensions that work with GNU Emacs, and a few other important utilities.

	* Calc 2.02c
	* CLISP 1994.10.26
	* Common Lisp 1.1
	* elib 0.06
	* Emacs 18.59
	* Emacs 19.28
	* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manaul, Ed. 2.3
	* gzip 1.2.4
	* Make 3.72.1
	* MULE 2.1
	* PCL 1993.03.18
	* Texinfo 3.1



Utilities Tape
--------------

This tape consists mostly of smaller utilities and miscellaneous applications.

	* acm 4.6
	* Autoconf 1.11
	* Autoconf 2.1
	* BASH 1.14.2
	* bc 1.03
	* Chess 4.0.73
	* cpio 2.3
	* CVS 1.3
	* dc 0.2
	* Diffutils 2.7
	* doschk 1.1
	* ed 0.2
	* es 0.84
	* Fileutils 3.12
	* Findutils 4.1
	* finger 1.37
	* FlexFAX 2.2.2.1
	* Fontutils 0.6
	* Ghostscript 2.6.1
	* Ghostview 1.5
	* GNATS 3.2
	* GnuGo 1.1
	* gnuplot 3.5
	* Graphics 0.17
	* grep 2.0
	* Groff 1.09
	* gzip 1.2.4
	* hello 1.3
	* hp2xx 3.1.4
	* ispell 3.1.13
	* m4 1.3
	* Make 3.72.1
	* mkisofs 1.01
	* mm 1.07
	* mtools 2.0.7
	* Nethack 3.1.3
	* nvi 1.34
	* Oleo 1.6
	* patch 2.1
	* ptx 0.4
	* rc 1.4
	* RCS 5.6.0.1
	* recode 3.4
	* saoimage 1.08
	* screen 3.5.2
	* screen 3.6.0
	* sed 1.18 & 2.05
	* Sharutils 4.1
	* Shellutils 1.12
	* Shogi 1.2.02
	* tar 1.11.2
	* Termcap 1.2
	* Texinfo 3.1
	* Textutils 1.11
	* time 1.6
	* tput 1.0
	* UUCP 1.05
	* wdiff 0.04
	* xboard 3.1.1
	* xshogi 1.2.02
	* Ygl 2.9



Scheme Tape
-----------

Scheme is a simplified, lexically-scoped dialect of Lisp.  It was designed at
MIT and other universities to teach students the art of programming, and to
research new parallel programming constructs and compilation techniques.

This tape contains MIT Scheme 7.1, which conforms to the "Revised^4 Report On
the Algorithmic Language Scheme" (MIT AI Lab Memo 848b), for which TeX source
is included.  It is written partly in C, but is presently hard to bootstrap.
Binaries that can be used to bootstrap Scheme are available for:

   * HP 9000 series 300, 400, 700 & 800 running HP-UX 7.0 or 8.0

   * NeXT running NeXT OS 1.0 or 2.0

   * Sun-3 or Sun-4 running SunOS 4.1

   * DECstation 3100/5100 running Ultrix 4.0

   * Sony NeWS-3250 running NEWS OS 5.01

   * Vax running 4.3BSD

If your system is not on this list and you don't enjoy the bootstrap
challenge, see the JACAL item in ``GNU Software''.



X11 Tapes
---------

The two X11 tapes contain Version 11, Release 6 of the X Window System.	 The
first tape contains all of the core software, documentation and some
contributed clients.  We call this the "required" X tape since it is
necessary for running X or running GNU Emacs under X.  The second, "optional"
tape contains contributed libraries and other toolkits, the Andrew User
Interface System, games, and other programs.

The X11 Required tape also contains all fixes and patches released to date.
We update this tape as new fixes and patches are released for programs on
both tapes.  See ``Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service''.

We will distribute X11R5 on tape until X11R6 is stable, and on the
``November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM'', while supplies last.



Berkeley 4.4BSD-Lite Tape
-------------------------

The "4.4BSD-Lite" release is the latest from the Computer Systems Research
Group at the University of California at Berkeley.  It has most of the BSD
software system except for a few proprietary files that are in the full
4.4BSD distribution.  It is much more complete than the previous "Net2"
release.



VMS Emacs and VMS Compiler Tapes
--------------------------------

We offer two VMS tapes.	 One has just GNU Emacs 18.59 (none of the other
software on the ``Lisps/Emacs Tape'', is included).  The other has GCC
2.3.3, Bison 1.19 (to compile GCC), GAS 1.38 (to assemble GCC's output) and
some library and include files (none of the other software on the
``Languages Tape'', is included).  We are not aware of a GDB port for VMS.
Both VMS tapes have DEC VAX executables from which you can bootstrap, as the
DEC VMS C compiler cannot compile GCC.	We are not yet distributing
executables for DEC Alpha VMS systems.	Please do not ask us to devote effort
to VMS support, because it is peripheral to the GNU Project.



CD-ROMs
*******

We offer these CD-ROMs:

   * see ``MS-DOS CD-ROM'', expected in February 1995.

   * see ``Debian GNU/Linux CD-ROM'', expected in spring 1995.

   * see ``Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM''.

   * see ``December 1994 Source Code CD-ROM''.

   * see ``May 1994 Source Code CD-ROM''.

   * see ``November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM''.

Our CD-ROMs are in ISO 9660 format & can be mounted as a read-only file
system on most computers.  If your driver supports it you can mount each
CD-ROM with "Rock Ridge" extensions (the MS-DOS CD-ROM is only in ISO 9660
format) & it will look just like an ordinary Unix file system, rather than
one full of truncated & otherwise mangled names that fit vanilla ISO 9660.

You can build most of the software without copying the sources off the CD.
You only need enough disk space for object files and intermediate build
targets.



Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs
--------------------------

If a business or organization is ultimately paying, the December 1994 Source
CD costs $240.	It costs $60 if you, an individual, are paying out of your
own pocket.  The December 1994 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM costs $220 for
a business or organization, and $55 for an individual.



What do the individual and company prices mean?
................................................

The software on our disk is free; anyone can copy it and anyone can run it.
What we charge for is the physical disk and the service of distribution.

We charge two different prices depending on who is buying.  When a company or
other organization buys the December 1994 Source CD-ROM, we charge $240.
When an individual buys the same disk, we charge just $60.

This distinction is not a matter of who is allowed to use the software.	 In
either case, once you have a copy, you can distribute as many copies as you
wish, and there's no restriction on who can have or run them.  The price
distinction is entirely a matter of what kind of entity pays for the CD.

You, the reader, are certainly an individual, not a company.  If you are
buying a disk "in person", then you are probably doing so as an individual.
But if you expect to be reimbursed by your employer, then the disk is really
for the company; so please pay the company price and get reimbursed for it.
We won't try to check up on you--we use the honor system--so please cooperate.

Buying CDs at the company price is very helpful for GNU; just 140 Source CDs
at that price supports an FSF programmer or tech writer for a year.



Why is there an individual price?
..................................

In the past, our distribution tapes have been ordered mainly by companies.
The CD at the price of $240 provides them with all of our software for a much
lower price than they would previously have paid for six different tapes.  To
lower the price more would cut into the FSF's funds very badly, and decrease
the software development we can do.

However, for individuals, $240 is too high a price; hardly anyone could
afford that.  So we decided to make CDs available to individuals at the lower
price of $60.



Is there a maximum price?
..........................

Our stated prices are minima.  Feel free to pay a higher price if you wish to
support GNU development more.  The sky's the limit; we will accept as high a
price as you can offer.	 Or simply give a donation (tax-deductible in the
U.S.) to the Free Software Foundation, a tax-exempt public charity.



MS-DOS CD-ROM
-------------

We are releasing our first CD-ROM for MS-DOS in February 1995.	Contact
either address on page 1 for more information at that time.   The MS-DOS CD
will be packaged inside a book describing its contents.	 It will have all the
sources and executables on the MS-DOS Diskettes.  For details and version
numbers, see ``MS-DOS Diskettes''.



Debian GNU/Linux CD-ROM
-----------------------

Starting this spring, the FSF will be shipping a CD-ROM with Debian GNU/Linux
on it.	This CD will be packaged inside a book describing its contents.

Debian GNU/Linux is a complete operating system for x86 machines, available in
both source code and binary form.  It is a GNU/Linux system--that is to say, a
variant GNU system which uses Linux as the kernel. (All the systems now
available which use the Linux kernel are GNU/Linux systems.)

Debian is being developed by Ian Murdock and the Debian Association in
conjunction with the Free Software Foundation.	We are distributing it as an
interim measure until the GNU kernel (the Hurd) is ready for users.

Debian GNU/Linux is available in `/pub/Linux/distributions/debian' on the ftp
site `sunsite.unc.edu'.	 For more information about the Debian Project and
how to get involved, see `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/DEBIAN' on a GNU FTP host (see
``How to Get GNU Software'' for a list).



Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
------------------------------

We are now offering a CD-ROM that contains executables for GNU compiler tools
for some systems which lack a compiler.	 This enables the people who use
these systems to compile GNU and other free software without having to buy a
proprietary compiler.  You can also use the GNU compilation system to compile
your own C/C++/Objective-C programs.

We hope to have more systems on each update of this CD.	 If you can help
build binaries for new systems (especially those that don't come with a C
compiler), or have one to suggest, please contact us at the addresses on
page 1.

These packages:

	*DJGPP 1.12.m2 from GCC 2.6.0
	*GCC/G++/Objective-C 2.6.2
	*GNU C Library 1.09
	*GDB 4.13
	*Binutils 2.5.2
	*Bison 1.22
	*Emacs 19.26 (MS-DOS only)
	*Flex 2.4.7
	*Make 3.72.1
	*libg++ 2.6.1

On these platforms:

	*`i386-msdos'
	*`hppa1.1-hp-hpux9'
	*`sparc-sun-solaris2'
	*`sparc-sun-sunos4.1'



Source Code CD-ROMs
-------------------

We have several versions of our Source Code CD-ROMs available:

   * see ``December 1994 Source Code CD-ROM''.

   * see ``May 1994 Source Code CD-ROM''.

   * see ``November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM''.

The older Source Code CDs will be available while supplies last at a reduced
price; see the ``Free Software Foundation Order Form''.

All of the Source Code CDs also contain Texinfo source for the `GNU Emacs Lisp
Reference Manual', and other manuals listed in ``Documentation''; as well
as a snapshot of the Emacs Lisp Archive at Ohio State University.  (You can
get the libraries in this archive by anonymous FTP from
`archive.cis.ohio-state.edu' in `/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive'.)

The VMS tapes' contents are *not* included.  Many programs that are only on
MS-DOS diskettes and not on the tapes are also *not* included.	The contents
of the MIT Scheme & X11 Optional tapes are *not* on the November 1993 & May
1994 Source CDs.  See ``Tapes'' & ``MS-DOS Diskettes''.

There are no precompiled programs on these Source CDs.	You will need a C
compiler (programs which need some other interpreter or compiler normally
provide the C source for a bootstrapping program).  We ship C compiler
binaries for some systems on the ``Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM''.



December 1994 Source Code CD-ROM
.................................

This is the fifth edition of our Source Code CD-ROM.  It has Edition 2.3 for
version 19.25 of the `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' & some additional
software; not all FSF distributed software is included (see ``Source Code
CD-ROMs'').  It contains the following packages:
	*acm 4.6
	*Autoconf 1.11
	*Autoconf 2.1
	*BASH 1.14.2
	*bc 1.02
	*Binutils 2.5.2
	*Bison 1.22
	*C Library 1.09
	*Calc 2.02c
	*Chess 4.0.73
	*CLISP 1994.10.26
	*Common Lisp 1.0
	*cpio 2.3
	*CVS 1.3
	*dc 0.2
	*DejaGnu 1.2
	*Diffutils 2.7
	*dld 3.2.3
	*doschk 1.1
	*ecc 1.2.1
	*ed 0.1
	*elib 0.06
	*elisp archive
	*Emacs 18.59
	*Emacs 19.28
	*es 0.84
	*f2c 1994.11.03
	*Fileutils 3.12
	*findutils 4.1
	*finger 1.37
	*flex 2.4.7
	*Fontutils 0.6
	*Gawk 2.15.5
	*GCC 2.6.1
	*GDB 4.13
	*gdbm 1.7.3
	*Ghostscript 2.6.1
	*Ghostview 1.5
	*Ghostview for Windows 1.0
	*gmp 1.3.2
	*GNATS 3.2
	*GnuGo 1.1
	*gnuplot 3.5
	*gperf 2.1a
	*Graphics 0.17
	*grep 2.0
	*Groff 1.09
	*gzip 1.2.4
	*hello 1.3
	*hp2xx 3.1.4
	*indent 1.9.1
	*ispell 3.1.12
	*libg++ 2.6.1
	*libobjects 0.1.0
	*m4 1.4
	*MandelSpawn 0.07
	*Make 3.72.1
	*MIT Scheme 7.2 (for MS-DOS only)
	*mkisofs 1.01
	*mtools 2.0.7
	*MULE 2.1
	*Nethack 3.1.3
	*NIHCL 3.0
	*nvi 1.34
	*Octave 1.0
	*Oleo 1.6
	*p2c 1.20
	*patch 2.1
	*perl 4.036
	*perl 5.000
	*ptx 0.4
	*rc 1.4
	*RCS 5.6.0.1
	*recode 3.4
	*regex 0.12
	*rx 0.05
	*screen 3.5.2
	*sed 1.18
	*sed 2.05
	*sharutils 4.1
	*Shellutils 1.12
	*Shogi 1.2.02
	*Smalltalk 1.1.1
	*Superopt 2.3
	*tar 1.11.2
	*Termcap 1.2
	*TeX 3.1
	*Texinfo 3.1
	*Textutils 1.11
	*Tile Forth 2.1
	*time 1.6
	*tput 1.0
	*UUCP 1.05
	*wdiff 0.5
	*X11R6
	*xboard 3.1.1
	*xshogi 1.2.02
	*ygl 2.9



May 1994 Source Code CD-ROM
............................

We still have the fourth edition of our Source CD, at a reduced price.	This
CD has Edition 2.3 for version 19 of the `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' &
some additional software; not all FSF distributed software is included (see
``Source Code CD-ROMs'').  It contains the following packages:
	*acm 4.5
	*Autoconf 1.10
	*BASH 1.13.5
	*bc 1.02
	*Binutils 2.3
	*Bison 1.22
	*C Library 1.08
	*Calc 2.02c
	*Chess 4.0.69
	*CLISP 1994.01.08
	*Common Lisp 1.0
	*cpio 2.3
	*CVS 1.3
	*dc 0.2
	*DejaGnu 1.2
	*Diffutils 2.6
	*dld 3.2.3
	*doschk 1.1
	*ecc 1.2.1
	*ed 0.1
	*elib 0.06
	*Emacs 18.59
	*Emacs 19.23
	*es 0.84
	*f2c 1994.04.14
	*Fileutils 3.9
	*find 3.8
	*finger 1.37
	*flex 2.4.6
	*Fontutils 0.6
	*GAS 1.36.utah
	*GAS 2.2
	*Gawk 2.15.4
	*GCC 2.5.8
	*GDB 4.12
	*gdbm 1.7.1
	*Ghostscript 2.6.1
	*Ghostview 1.5
	*Ghostview for Windows 1.0
	*gmp 1.3.2
	*GNATS 3.2
	*GnuGo 1.1
	*gnuplot 3.5
	*gperf 2.1a
	*Graphics 0.17
	*grep 2.0
	*Groff 1.09
	*gzip 1.2.4
	*hello 1.3
	*hp2xx 3.1.4
	*indent 1.9.1
	*ispell 4.0
	*libg++ 2.5.3
	*m4 1.1
	*Make 3.71
	*MandelSpawn 0.07
	*mtools 2.0.7
	*MULE 1.0
	*NetFax 3.2.1
	*Nethack 3.1.3
	*NIHCL 3.0
	*nvi 1.11
	*Octave 1.0
	*Oleo 1.5
	*p2c 1.20
	*patch 2.1
	*PCL 1993.03.18
	*perl 4.036
	*ptx 0.3
	*rc 1.4
	*RCS 5.6.0.1
	*recode 3.3
	*regex 0.12
	*screen 3.5.2
	*sed 2.05
	*shellutils 1.9.4
	*Shogi 1.1.02
	*Smalltalk 1.1.1
	*Superopt 2.3
	*tar 1.11.2
	*Termcap 1.2
	*TeX 3.1
	*Texinfo 3.1
	*Textutils 1.9.1
	*Tile Forth 2.1
	*time 1.6
	*tput 1.0
	*UUCP 1.05
	*uuencode 1.0
	*wdiff 0.04
	*X11R6
	*xboard 3.0.9
	*xshogi 1.2.02



November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM
.................................

We still have the third edition of our Source CD, at a reduced price.  It
contains X11R5, as we feel that people should have a choice between X11R5 and
X11R6 until the latter is stable.  This CD has Edition 2.2 for version 19 of
the `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' & some additional software; not all FSF
distributed software is included (see ``Source Code CD-ROMs'').	 It contains
the following packages:
	*acm 3.1
	*Autoconf 1.7
	*BASH 1.13.4
	*bc 1.02
	*Binutils 1.9 2.3
	*Bison 1.22
	*C Library 1.06.7
	*Calc 2.02b
	*Chess 4.0p62
	*CLISP 93.11.08
	*cpio 2.3
	*CVS 1.3
	*dc 0.2
	*DejaGnu 1.0.1
	*Diffutils 2.6
	*dld 3.2.3
	*doschk 1.1
	*ecc 1.2.1
	*elib 0.06
	*Emacs 18.59
	*Emacs 19.21
	*es 0.84
	*f2c 1993.04.28
	*Fileutils 3.9
	*find 3.8
	*finger 1.37
	*flex 2.3.8
	*Fontutils 0.6
	*GAS 1.36.utah
	*GAS 1.38.1
	*GAS 2.2
	*Gawk 2.15.3
	*GCC 2.5.4
	*GDB 4.11
	*gdbm 1.7.1
	*Ghostscript 2.6.1
	*Ghostview 1.5
	*Ghostview for Windows 1.0
	*gmp 1.3.2
	*GNATS 3.01
	*GnuGo 1.1
	*gnuplot 3.5
	*gperf 2.1a
	*Graphics 0.17
	*grep 2.0
	*Groff 1.08
	*gzip 1.2.4
	*hello 1.3
	*hp2xx 3.1.3a
	*indent 1.8
	*Ispell 4.0
	*less 177
	*libg++ 2.5.1
	*m4 1.1
	*Make 3.69.1
	*MandelSpawn 0.06
	*mtools 2.0.7
	*MULE 1.0
	*NetFax 3.2.1
	*Nethack 3.1.3
	*NIHCL 3.0
	*Oleo 1.5
	*p2c 1.20
	*patch 2.1
	*PCL 93.03.18
	*perl 4.036
	*ptx 0.3
	*rc 1.4
	*RCS 5.6.0.1
	*recode 3.2.4
	*regex 0.12
	*screen 3.5.2
	*sed 1.18 2.03
	*Shellutils 1.9.1
	*Shogi 1.1p02
	*Smalltalk 1.1.1
	*Superopt 2.3
	*tar 1.11.2
	*Termcap 1.2
	*TeX 3.1
	*Texinfo 3.1
	*Tile Forth 2.1
	*time 1.6
	*time 1.6
	*tput 1.0
	*UUCP 1.04
	*uuencode 1.0
	*wdiff 0.04
	*X11R5



MS-DOS Diskettes
****************

The FSF distributes some of the GNU software ported to MS-DOS, on 3.5inch
1.44MB diskettes. These disks have both sources and executables.



DJGPP Diskettes
---------------

We offer DJGPP on 30 diskettes.	 For further details, see ``GNU
Software''.  The DJGPP diskettes contain the following:

	* bc 1.03
	* Binutils 2.4
	* Bison 1.22
	* cpio 2.3
	* Diffutils 2.6
	* doschk 1.1
	* Fileutils 3.9
	* Findutils 3.8
	* GAS 2.4
	* Gawk 2.15.5
	* GCC 2.6.0
	* GDB 4.12
	* Ghostscript 2.6.1
	* Ghostview for Windows 1.0
	* Groff 1.09
	* gzip 1.24
	* hello 1.3
	* indent 1.9
	* ispell 4.0
	* m4 1.2
	* Make 3.71
	* patch 2.1
	* sed 1.18
	* shellutils 1.9
	* Texinfo 3.1
	* texutils 1.9
	* wdiff 0.04



Emacs Diskettes
---------------

Two versions of GNU Emacs are included on the Emacs diskettes we distribute:
GNU Emacs version 19.26 handles 8-bit character sets; the other, MULE version
2.1, handles 16-bit character sets including Kanji.



Selected Utilities Diskettes
----------------------------

The GNUish MS-DOS Project ported GNU software to PC compatibles.  Though the
GNUish Project is no longer active, users still ask for these ports that were
done several years ago.	 You can anonymous FTP files
`/pub/gnu/MicrosPorts/MSDOS*' from `prep.ai.mit.edu' to find out how to
access these ports over the Internet.  We offer these programs on five
diskettes.  In general, this software will run on 8086 and 80286-based 16-bit
machines; an 80386 is not required.  Some of these utilities are necessarily
missing features.   Included are: `cpio', `diff', `find', `flex', `gdbm',
`grep', `indent', `less', `m4', `make', `ptx', RCS, `sed', `shar', `sort', &
Texinfo.



Windows Diskette
----------------

We offer GNU Chess and `gnuplot' for Microsoft Windows on a single diskette.



Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service
**********************************

If you do not have net access, our subscription service enables you to stay
current with the latest GNU developments.  For a one-time cost equivalent to
three tapes or CD-ROMs (plus shipping in some cases), we will ship you four
new versions of the tape of your choice or the Source Code CD-ROM.  The tapes
are sent each quarter; the CD-ROMs are sent as they are issued (which is
between two and four times a year.)

Regularly, we will send you a new version of an Lisps/Emacs, Languages,
Utilities, or X Window System (X11R6) Required tape or the Source CD-ROM.
The MIT Scheme and X Window System Optional tapes are not changed often
enough to warrant quarterly updates.  We do not yet know if we will be
offering subscriptions to the Compiler Tools Binaries or our new CD-ROMs.

Since Emacs 19 is on the Lisps/Emacs Tape and the Source CD-ROM, a
subscription to either is an easy way to keep current with Emacs 19 as it
evolves.

A subscription is an easy way to keep up with the regular bug fixes to the X
Window System.	We update the X11R6 Required tape as fixes and patches are
issued throughout the year.  Each new edition of the ``Source Code
CD-ROMs'', also has updated sources for the X Window System.

Please note: In two cases, you must pay 4 times the normal shipping required
for a single order when you pay for each subscription.	If you're in Alaska,
Hawaii, or Puerto Rico you must add $20.00 for shipping for each
subscription.  If you're outside of U.S., Canada, and Puerto Rico, you have
to add $80.00 for each subscription.  See "Unix and VMS Software" & "Shipping
Instructions" on the ``Free Software Foundation Order Form''.



The Deluxe Distribution
***********************

The Free Software Foundation has been asked repeatedly to create a package
that provides executables for all of our software.  Normally we offer only
sources.  In addition to providing binaries with the source code, the Deluxe
Distribution includes a complete set of our printed manuals and reference
cards.

The FSF Deluxe Distribution contains the binaries and sources to hundreds of
different programs including GNU Emacs, the GNU C Compiler, the GNU Debugger,
the complete X Window System, and all the GNU utilities.

We will make a Deluxe Distribution for any machine, with any operating
system.	 We will send someone to your office to do the compilation, if we
can't find a suitable machine close to us!  However, we can only compile the
programs that already support your chosen machine and system  - porting is a
separate matter (if you wish to commission a port, see the GNU Service
Directory, details in ``Free Software Support'').  Compiling all these
programs take time; a Deluxe Distribution for an unusual machine will take
longer to produce then one for a common machine.  Please contact the FSF
office if you have any questions.

We supply the software in one of these tape formats in Unix `tar' format:
1600 or 6250bpi 1/2in reel, Sun DC300XLP 1/4in cartridge - QIC24,
Hewlett-Packard 16-track DC600HC 1/4in cartridge, IBM RS/6000 1/4in cartridge
- QIC 150, Exabyte 8mm cartridge, or DAT 4mm cartridge.	 If your computer
cannot read any of these, please contact us to see if we can handle your
format.

The manuals included are one each of the `Bison', `Calc', `Gawk', `GNU C
Compiler', `GNU C Library', `GDB', `Flex', `GNU Emacs 19 Lisp Reference',
`Make', `Texinfo', & `Termcap' manuals; six copies of the `GNU Emacs 19'
manual; a packet of ten reference cards each for GNU Emacs, Bison, Calc,
Flex, & GDB; and when it is available, a copy of the `Programming in Emacs
Lisp: An Introduction' manual.	 Every Deluxe Distribution also includes a
copy of the latest editions of our CD-ROMs (including the MS-DOS CD & the
Debian GNU/Linux CD when they are available) that contain sources of our
software & compiler tool binaries for some systems.  The MS-DOS CD is in ISO
9660 format.  The other CDs are in ISO 9660 format with Rock Ridge extensions.

The price of the Deluxe Distribution is $5000 (shipping included).  These
sales provide enormous financial assistance to help the FSF develop more free
software.  To order, please fill out the "Deluxe Distribution" section on the
``Free Software Foundation Order Form'' and send it to:

	Free Software Foundation, Inc.
	675 Massachusetts Avenue
	Cambridge, MA	02139--3309
	USA

	Telephone: +1-617-876-3296
	Fax (including Japan):	     +1-617-492-9057
	Free Dial Fax (in Japan):
		   0031-13-2473 (KDD)
		   0066-3382-0158 (IDC)
	Electronic mail: gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu



GNU Documentation
*****************

GNU is dedicated to having quality, easy-to-use online and printed
documentation.	GNU manuals are intended to explain underlying concepts,
describe how to use all the features of each program, and give examples of
command use.  GNU manuals are distributed as Texinfo source files, which
yield both typeset hardcopy via the TeX document formatting system, and online
hypertext display via the menu-driven Info system.  Source for these manuals
comes with our software, but we publish some of them as printed books as
well; see the ``Free Software Foundation Order Form''.

Most GNU manuals are bound as soft cover books with "lay-flat" bindings.
This allows you to open them so they lie flat on a table without creasing the
binding.  Each book has an inner cloth spine and an outer cardboard cover
that will not break or crease as an ordinary paperback will.  Currently, the
`GDB', `Emacs', `Programming in Emacs Lisp, An Introduction', `Emacs Lisp
Reference', `GAWK', `Make', `Flex', `Bison', and `Texinfo' manuals have this
binding.  The other GNU manuals also lie flat when opened, using a GBC or
Wire-O binding.	 All of our manuals are 7in by 9.25in except the 8.5in by
11in `Calc' manual.

The edition number of the manual and version number of the program listed
after each manual's name were current at the time this Bulletin was published.

`Debugging with GDB' (Edition 4.09 for Version 4.9) tells how to use the GNU
Debugger, run your program under debugger control, examine and alter data,
modify a program's flow of control, and use GDB through GNU Emacs.

The `Emacs Manual' (10th Edition for Version 19.26) describes editing with
GNU Emacs.  It explains advanced features, including outline mode and regular
expression search; how to use special modes for programming in languages like
C++ and TeX; how to use the `tags' utility; how to compile and correct code;
how to make your own keybindings; and other elementary customizations.

`Programming in Emacs Lisp, An Introduction' is an elementary introduction to
programming in Emacs Lisp.  It is written for people who are not programmers
or not necessarily interested in programming, but who do want to customize or
extend their computing environment.   It tells how to write programs that
find files; shift buffers; use searches, conditionals, loops, and recursion;
how to write Emacs initialization files; and how to run the Emacs Lisp
debuggers.  If you read the text in GNU Emacs under Info mode, you can run
the sample programs directly.

The `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' (Edition 2.3 for Version 19.25) covers
this programming language in depth, including data types, control structures,
functions, macros, syntax tables, searching/matching, modes, windows,
keymaps, byte compilation, and the operating system interface.

The `GAWK Manual' (Edition 0.16 for Version 2.16) tells how to use the GNU
implementation of `awk'.  It is written for those who have never used `awk'
and describes the features of this powerful string and record manipulation
language.

The `Make Manual' (Edition 0.46 for Version 3.72) describes GNU `make', a
program used to rebuild parts of other programs.  The manual tells how to
write "makefiles", which specify how a program is to be compiled and how its
files depend on each other.  Included are an introductory chapter for novice
users and a section about automatically generated dependencies.

The `Flex Manual' (Edition 1.03 for Version 2.3.7) teaches you to write a
lexical scanner definition for the `flex' program to create a C++ or C-coded
scanner that recognizes the patterns defined.  You need no prior knowledge of
scanners.

The `Bison Manual' (December 1993 Edition for Version 1.23) teaches you how
to write context-free grammars for the Bison program that convert into
C-coded parsers.  You need no prior knowledge of parser generators.

`Using and Porting GNU CC' (September 1994 Edition for Version 2.6) tells how
to run, install, and port the GNU C Compiler to new systems.  It lists new
features and incompatibilities of GCC, but people not familiar with C will
still need a good reference on the C programming language.  It also covers
G++.

The `Texinfo Manual' (Edition 2.19 for Version 3) explains the markup
language used to generate both the online Info documentation and typeset
hardcopies.  It tells you how to make tables, lists, chapters, nodes,
indexes, cross references, how to use Texinfo mode in GNU Emacs, and how to
catch mistakes.	 This second edition describes over 50 new commands.

The `Termcap Manual' (2nd Edition for Version 1.2), often described as "twice
as much as you ever wanted to know about termcap," details the format of the
termcap database, the definitions of terminal capabilities, and the process
of interrogating a terminal description.  This manual is primarily for
programmers.

The `C Library Reference Manual' (June 1993 Edition for Version 1.07)
describes most of the facilities of the GNU C library, including both what
Unix calls "library functions" and "system calls."  We are doing limited
copier runs of this manual until it becomes more stable.  Please send
corrections and improvements to `bug-glibc-manual@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

The `Emacs Calc Manual' (Edition 2.02 for Version 2.02) is both a tutorial
and a reference manual.	 It tells how to do ordinary arithmetic, how to use
Calc for algebra, calculus, and other forms of mathematics, and how to extend
Calc.



How to Get GNU Software
***********************

All the software and publications from the Free Software Foundation are
distributed with permission to copy and redistribute.  The easiest way to get
GNU software is to copy it from someone else who has it.  You can get GNU
software direct from the FSF by ordering diskettes, tapes, or CD-ROMs.	Such
orders provide most of the funds for the FSF staff to develop more free
software, so please support our work by ordering if you can.  See the
``Free Software Foundation Order Form''.

There are also third party groups who distribute our software; they do not
work with us, but can provide our software in other forms.  Some are listed
in ``Free Software for Microcomputers''.  Please note that the Free
Software Foundation is *not* affiliated with them in any way and is *not*
responsible for either the currency of their versions or the swiftness of
their responses.

If you decide to do business with a commercial distributor of free software,
ask them how much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by
contributing money to free software development projects or by writing free
software themselves for general use.  By basing your decision partially on
this factor, you can help encourage support for free software development.

Our main FTP host is very busy & limits the number of FTP logins.  Please use
one of these other TCP/IP Internet sites that also provide GNU software via
anonymous FTP (program: `ftp', user: `anonymous', password: YOUR E-MAIL
ADDRESS, mode: `binary').  If you have FTP access but can't reach one of the
hosts listed below, you can get the software via FTP the same way from GNU's
main FTP host, `prep.ai.mit.edu' (IP address is `18.71.0.38').	For more
details & additional hosts, get the files `/pub/gnu/GETTING.GNU.SOFTWARE' and
`/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FTP'.

   * Africa: `ftp.sun.ac.za'.

   * Asia: `utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp', `ftp.cs.titech.ac.jp',
     `cair-archive.kaist.ac.kr'.

   * Australia: `archie.au' (`archie.oz' for ACSnet).

   * Canada: `ftp.cs.ubc.ca'.

   * Europe: `ugle.unit.no', `ftp.stacken.kth.se', `isy.liu.se',
     `ftp.luth.se',
     `ftp.stacken.kth.se' (in `/pub/GNU-VMS'), `ftp.mcc.ac.uk',
     `unix.hensa.ac.uk' (get the `README' first), `ftp.win.tue.nl',
     `ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de', `ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de',
     `ftp.funet.fi', `ftp.denet.dk', `ftp.eunet.ch',	`nic.switch.ch',
     `irisa.irisa.fr', `ftp.univ-lyon1.fr', `archive.eu.net'.

   * USA: `labrea.stanford.edu', `ftp.kpc.com',
     `ftp.digex.net', `ftp.cs.columbia.edu',  `vixen.cso.uiuc.edu',
     `mango.rsmas.miami.edu' (VMS GCC), `ftp.hawaii.edu',
     `gatekeeper.dec.com', `ftp.uu.net' (in `/systems/gnu').

Those on JANET can look on host `src.doc.ic.ac.uk' in `/gnu'.  Those who can
UUCP can get UUCP instructions via electronic mail from: info@contrib.de
(Europe).  For those without Internet access, see ``Free Software
Support'', for information on getting electronic mail and file transfer via
UUCP.



Other GPLed Software
********************

This is a list of copylefted software that is not presently distributed by
us.  FTP a more complete list from `/pub/gnu/GPLedSoftware' from a GNU FTP
host (see ``How to Get GNU Software'' for a list).  Please let us know of
additional programs we should mention.	We don't list GNU Emacs Lisp
Libraries.  Host `archive.cis.ohio-state.edu' has a list of those you can FTP
in file `/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/LCD-datafile.Z'.

   * GN, a hybrid Gopher and WWW server

     GN is a hybrid Internet Gopher/WWW (World Wide Web) server, done in C,
     which runs under Unix.  GN serves two protocols used by WWW clients:
     gopher0 & HTTP/1.0.  For details, see `http://hopf.math.nwu.edu:70/',
     `gopher://hopf.math.nwu.edu',  contact the author, `john@math.nwu.edu',
     John Franks, or FTP it from `ftp.acns.nwu.edu:/pub/gn/gn-2.17.tar.gz'

   * GCT, a Test-Coverage Tool based on GCC

     GCT 1.4 is a test-coverage tool based on GCC.  (Coverage tools measure
     how thoroughly a test suite exercises a program.)	GPLed ports for
     Sun-3, Sun-4, RS/6000, 68k, 88k, HP-PA, IBM 3090, Ultrix, Convex & SCO
     are available from `ftp cs.uiuc.edu' in files
     `/pub/testing/gct.file/ftp.*'.  Send discussion list subscriptions to:
     `gct-request@cs.uiuc.edu'.	 Further details from the author
     Brian Marick, `marick@cs.uiuc.edu'.  Telephone: +1-217-351-7228.





Free Software for Microcomputers
********************************

We do not provide support for GNU software on most microcomputers because it
is peripheral to the GNU Project.  However, we are willing to publish
information about groups who do support and maintain them.  If you are aware
of any such efforts, please send the details, including postal addresses,
archive sites and mailing lists, to either address on page 1.

See ``MS-DOS Diskettes'' and ``CD-ROMs'', for microcomputer software
available from the FSF.	 Please do not ask us about any other software.	 We
do *not* maintain any of it and have *no* additional information.

   * Boston Computer Society

     The BCS has numerous free programs for microcomputers, including some GNU
     programs.	Contact them to see what is available for your machine:
	     Boston Computer Society
	     101 First Avenue - Suite 2
	     Waltham, MA   02154
	     USA

	     Telephone: +1-617-290-5700
	     Fax:	+1-617-290-5744
	     Electronic-Mail: `membership@bcs.org'

   * GNU Software on the Amiga

     Get Amiga ports of many GNU programs using anonymous FTP from
     `ftp.funet.fi' in `/pub/amiga/gnu' (Europe).  For info on (or offers to
     help with) the GCC port and related projects, ask Leonard Norrgard,
     `vinsci@nic.funet.fi'.  For info on the GNU Emacs port, ask David Gay,
     `dgay@di.epfl.ch', or Mark D. Henning, `henning@stolaf.edu'.  Dave
     Gilbert, `dgilbert@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org', will be coordinating
     work on Emacs 19.	You can get more info via FTP from `prep.ai.mit.edu'
     in file `/pub/gnu/MicrosPorts/Amiga'.

   * GNU Software for Atari TOS and Atari Minix

     Get Atari ports by anonymous FTP from `atari.archive.umich.edu', in
     `/atari/Gnustuff', maintained by Howard Chu, `howard@lloyd.com'.  The
     GNU software runs on all Atari 68000 and 68030-based systems; a hard
     drive and 4 MB RAM minimum are recommended for using the compilers.  See
     USENET newsgroups, such as `comp.sys.atari.st.tech', for discussions.

   * GNU Software for OS/2

     Ports of many GNU programs are on the FTP host `ftp-os2.cdrom.com' in
     `/pub/os2/32bit/unix/'.  Two of these are of GNU C/C++/Objective-C
     Compiler to OS/2 2.x and OS/2 3.x, with the GNU assembler, documentation
     and both OS/2-specific BSD C libraries.   One is Eberhard Mattes' "emx"
     port, which also features GDB and many Unix-related library functions
     like `fork'.  Programs compiled by this port also run on a 80386 under
     DOS.  It is in directory `/pub/os2/32bit/unix/emx09a'.  To join the
     mailing list send email to `listserv@eb.ele.tue.nl' containing `sub
     emx-list firstname lastname'.   The other is Michael Johnson's "gcc2"
     port, now maintained by Colin Jensen.  It is in directory
     `/pub/os2/32bit/unix/gcc2_261'.  To join the mailing list, ask
     `os2gcc-request@netcom.com'.

   * Linux	   (Also see ``Debian GNU/Linux CD-ROM'')

     Linux (named after its main author, Linus Torvalds) is a free kernel that
     implements POSIX.1 functionality with SysV & BSD extensions.  Complete
     systems (essentially variant GNU systems) based on the Linux kernel are
     now available for 386/486/Pentium machines with ISA/VLB/EISA/PCI-bus.  A
     m68k port is in testing (it runs on high end Amiga & Atari computers).
     AlphaPC & MIPS ports are being worked on.	FTP it from `tsx-11.mit.edu'
     in `/pub/linux' (USA) & `nic.funet.fi' in `/pub/OS/Linux' (Europe).

     Ask `linux-activists-request@niksula.hut.fi' about mailing lists.  See
     the USENET newsgroups, such as `comp.os.linux.misc', for discussions.



FSF T-shirt
***********

We have a new FSF T-shirt, with a drawing by Berkeley, CA artist Etienne
Suvasa.	 The front has the ever-popular picture of GNArnold from the `Flex
Manual', while the back has the Preamble to the GNU General Public License.

They are available in two colors, Natural & Black.  Natural is an off-white,
unbleached, undyed, environment-friendly cotton, printed with black ink, & is
great for tye-dyeing or displaying as is.  Black is printed with white ink &
is perfect for late night hacking.  All shirts are thick 100% cotton, & are
available in sizes M, L, XL & XXL.  This shirt makes a great gift for your
favorite hacker!

The previous version of the T-shirt will be available while supplies last,
but please contact the FSF to see if we have what you would like before
ordering.



Project GNU Wish List
*********************

Wishes for this issue are for:

   * Volunteers to distribute this Bulletin at technical conferences, trade
     shows, local and national user group meetings, etc.  Volunteers to get
     GNU articles into their user group newsletters.  Please phone or fax the
     numbers on page 1, or email `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu' to make arrangements.

   * Boston area volunteers for various tasks in the business and programming
     offices.  Please contact us at either address on page 1.

   * Volunteers to help write programs and documentation.  Send mail to
     `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu' for the task list and coding standards.

   * Volunteers to build binaries for systems not yet on the ``Compiler Tools
     Binaries CD-ROM'' (especially for systems that don't come with a C
     compiler).	 Please contact us at either address on page 1.

   * Oleo extensions and other free software for business, such as accounting
     and project management programs.

   * 600+ megabyte SCSI disks to give us more space to develop software.

   * Pentium, 486, or 386 PC compatibles with 200+ MB of disk & Ethernet
     cards.

   * Pentium, 486, or 386 PC laptops.

   * High end HP-300 workstations.  Sixteen or thirty-two 1 Meg SIMMs for a
     Sun 4/110.	 A Sun SPARCstation and a Sun-3/60 or 4/110.

   * SCSI tape drives for 4mm DAT cartridge tapes, 8mm Exabyte cartridge
     tapes and 1600 or 6250bpi 1/2inch reel to reel tapes.

   * Companies to lend us capable programmers and technical writers for at
     least six months.	True wizards may be welcome for shorter periods, but
     we have found that six months is the minimum time for a good programmer
     to finish a worthwhile project.

   * Professors who might be interested in sponsoring or hosting research
     assistants to do GNU development, with FSF support.

   * Speech and character recognition software and systems (if the devices
     aren't too weird), with the device drivers if possible.  This would help
     the productivity of partially disabled people (including a few we know).

   * New quotes and ideas for articles in the GNU's Bulletin.  We particularly
     like to highlight organizations involved with free information exchanges,
     software that uses the GNU General Public License, and companies
     providing free software support as a primary business.

   * Information about free software or developers of free software that we
     may not know about.  Often, we only find out about interesting projects
     because a user writes and asks us why we have not mentioned those
     projects!

   * Copies of newspaper and journal articles mentioning the GNU Project or
     GNU software.  Send these to the address on page 1, or send a citation
     to `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

   * Money.   If you use and appreciate our software, please send a
     contribution.  One way to help us defray our costs is to order a
     distribution tape, diskette, or CD-ROM.  A business can make a larger
     contribution by ordering a see ``Deluxe Distribution''.  This is
     especially helpful if you work for a business where the word "donation"
     is anathema.  Because of the value received, the full dollar amounts of
     such donations are not tax deductible as charitable contributions;
     however, they may qualify as a business expense.



Thank GNUs
**********

A special thank gnu to Noah Friedman who was our system ambiguator & release
coordinator for many years.  We will miss him as he goes back to college.

Thanks to all those mentioned elsewhere in this Bulletin!

Thanks to the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Laboratory for Computer
Science, and Project Athena all at MIT for their invaluable assistance.

Thanks to the many companies and organizations who have bought our Deluxe
Distribution package.

Thanks to the Japan Unix Society for their large grant to support Hurd
development.  For their assistance in Japan, thanks to: Nobuyuki Hikichi,
Mieko Hikichi, Ken'ichi Handa, Prof. Masayuki Ida, and Yukitoshi Fujimura.
Thanks to those listed in ``Third Annual GNU Seminars in Japan'' who made
the seminars a success.

Thanks to Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd., A.I. Soft, Village Center,
Inc., ASCII Corporation and many others in Japan, for their donations and
support.

For donating booths at their conferences, thanks to: the USENIX Association
at LISA VII and Summer USENIX 94; Mark A. Haviland of Bruno Blenheim at
Unix Expo 94; Alan Fedder of Open Systems World at FedUnix 94; and Japan Unix
Society at Unix Fair 94 in Yokohama, Japan.  Thanks to all the volunteers who
helped the GNU Project at these and other conferences.

Thanks to Wired Magazine and Barry Meikle of the University of Toronto
Bookstore for donating ad space in their separate publications.

Thanks to Warren A. Hunt, Jr. and Computational Logic, Inc. for their
continued donations and support.

Thanks again to Cygnus Support for assisting the GNU Project in many ways.

Thanks to all those who have lent or donated machines, including: Delta
Microsystems for a new Exabyte tape drive; an anonymous donor for a 4mm DAT
cartridge drive; ICAD, Inc. for four HP workstations; Network Computing
Devices, Inc. for three NCD X-terminals; Russ Button for two SCSI disk drives;
Doug Lewan for a Sun-3/60; Computer Publishing Group, publishers of
`SunExpert' & `RS/6000', for several Sun workstations; Simson Garfinkel for
an NCD X-terminal; Benjamin Cline for a Xylogics SMD controller; IBM Corp.
for an Exabyte tape drive & an RS/6000; Hewlett-Packard for a dozen computers;
CMU's Mach Project for a Sun-3/60; Intel Corp. for their 386 machine; NeXT
for their workstation; MIT's Media Laboratory for a HP 68020; SONY Corp. &
Software Research Associates, Inc., both of Tokyo, for three SONY News
workstations; MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science for the DEC MicroVAX; the
Open Software Foundation for two Compaq 386s; an anonymous donor for a
Sun-3/280; Liant Software Corp. for 5 VT100s; Jerry Peek for a 386 machine;
Interleaf, Inc., for the loan of a scanner; several anonymous donors for 8
IBM RT/PCs; & Rocky Bernstein for much IBM RT/PC hardware and manuals.

Thanks to all who have contributed ports & extensions, as well as all who
have sent in other source code, documentation, & good bug reports.

Thanks to all those who sent money and offered other kinds of help.

Thanks also to all those who support us by ordering t-shirts, manuals,
reference cards, distribution tapes, diskettes, and CD-ROMs.

The creation of this Bulletin is our way of thanking all who have expressed
interest in what we are doing.



Donations Translate Into Free Software
**************************************

If you appreciate Emacs, GNU CC, Ghostscript, and other free software, you
may wish to help us make sure there is more in the future--remember,
*donations translate into more free software!*

Your donation to us is tax-deductible in the United States.  We gladly accept
*any* currency, although the U.S. dollar is the most convenient.

If your employer has a matching gifts program for charitable donations, please
arrange to:

   * have your donation matched by your employer (in some cases, also see
     ``Cygnus Matches Donations!'').  If you do not know, please ask your
     personnel department.

   * add the Free Software Foundation to the list of organizations for your
     employer's matching gifts program.

Circle the amount you are donating, cut out this form, and send it with your
donation to:
	Free Software Foundation
	675 Massachusetts Avenue
	Cambridge, MA	02139-3309
	USA

	$500	 $250	  $100	   $50	   other $________

	Other currency:________


You can charge a donation to any of Carte Blanche, Diner's Club, JCB,
Mastercard, Visa, or American Express.	Charges may also be faxed to
+1-617-492-9057.  Individuals in Japan who are unable to place international
calls may use the "free dial" numbers: 0031-13-2473 (KDD) and
0066-3382-0158 (IDC).

	Card type: __________________  Expiration Date: _____________

	Account Number: _____________________________________________

	Cardholder's Signature: _____________________________________

	Name: _______________________________________________________

	Street Address: _____________________________________________

	City/State/Province: ________________________________________

	Zip Code/Postal Code/Country: _______________________________



Cygnus Matches Donations!
*************************

To encourage cash donations to the Free Software Foundation, Cygnus Support
will continue to contribute corporate funds to FSF to accompany gifts by its
employees, and by its customers and their employees.

Donations payable to the Free Software Foundation should be sent by eligible
persons to Cygnus Support, which will add its gifts and forward the total to
the FSF each quarter.  The FSF will provide the contributor with a receipt to
recognize the contribution (which is tax-deductible on U.S.  tax returns).
For more information, please contact Cygnus:
	Cygnus Support
	1937 Landings Drive
	Mountain View, CA   94043
	USA

	Telephone: 415-903-1400
		   +1-800-Cygnus1 (-294-6871)
	Fax:	   415-903-0122
	Electronic-Mail: `info@cygnus.com'
	FTP: `ftp.cygnus.com'
	WWW: `http://www.cygnus.com/'



-----------------------------------------------------------------------------



     *We don't have a patent on irony and satire; those tools are available
     for you to use in your own work.*

     - Guerrilla Girls, a New York City performance group



-----------------------------------------------------------------------------



Free Software Foundation Order Form
***********************************

All items are distributed with permission to copy and to redistribute.
Texinfo source for each manual and source for each reference card is on
the appropriate tape, diskette, or CD-ROM; the prices for these magnetic
media do not include printed documentation.  All items are provided on
an ``as is'' basis, with no warranty of any kind.  Please allow six
weeks for delivery (though it won't usually take that long).


     PRICE AND CONTENTS MAY CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE AFTER May 31, 1995.



Unix and VMS Software
---------------------

These tapes in the formats indicated (see ``Tapes'', for contents):

	Please circle the dollar amount for each tape you order.

		Reel to	  Sun (1)   HP	      IBM (2)	Exabyte	 DAT
		reel			      RS/6000
		Unix tar  Unix tar  Unix tar  Unix tar	Unix tar Unix tar
		9-track	  QIC-24    16-track  QIC-150
		1600 bpi  DC300XLP  DC600HC   DC600A
		1/2" reel 1/4" c.t. 1/4" c.t. 1/4" c.t. 8mm c.t. 4mm c.t.

    (c.t. = cartridge tape)

Lisps/Emacs	$200	  $210	    $230      $215 (3)	$205	 $225
Languages	$200	  $210	    $230      $215	$205	 $225
Utilities	$200	  $210	    $230      $215	$205	 $225
4.4BSD-Lite	$200	  $210	    $230      $215	$205	 $225
Scheme		$200	  $210	    $230      $215	$205	 $225
X11R5-Required	$200	  $210	    $230      $215	$205	 $225
X11R5-Optional	$200	  $210	    $230      $215	$205	 $225
X11R6-Required	$200	  $210	    $230      $215	$205	 $225
X11R6-Optional	$200	  $210	    $230      $215	$205	 $225

	 (1) Sun tapes can be read on some other Unix systems.
	 (2) IBM RS/6000 tapes can be read on some other Unix systems.
	 (3) The IBM Emacs tape also has binaries for GNU Emacs.


Subscriptions, 4 updates for one year (see
``Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service''):

Emacs		$600	  $630	    $690      $645	$615	 $675
Languages	$600	  $630	    $690      $645	$615	 $675
Utilities	$600	  $630	    $690      $645	$615	 $675
X11R6-Required	$600	  $630	    $690      $645	$615	 $675

      Subtotal $ ______	 Please put total of the above circled amounts here.


These 1600 bpi reel-to-reel 9 track 1/2" tapes, in VMS BACKUP format (aka
interchange format) (see ``VMS Emacs and VMS Compiler Tapes''):

____ @ $195  = $ ______	  VMS Emacs, GNU Emacs source & executables only.

____ @ $195  = $ ______	  VMS Compiler, GCC, GAS, and Bison source and
			   executables only.


FSF Deluxe Distribution (see ``Deluxe Distribution''):

____ @ $5000 = $ ______	  The Deluxe Distribution, with manuals, etc.

Machine: _____________________________________________________________________

Operating system: ____________________________________________________________

Media type: __________________________________________________________________



CD-ROMs, in ISO 9660 format (see ``CD-ROMs''):


GNU Source Code CD-ROM, Version 5 with X11R6 (see
``December 1994 Source Code CD-ROM''):

____ @ $240  = $ ______	  for corporations and other organizations.

____ @ $ 60  = $ ______	  for individuals.



GNU Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM, Version 2, December 1994 Edition (see
``Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM''):

____ @ $220  = $ ______	  for corporations and other organizations.

____ @	$55  = $ ______	  for individuals.



Debian GNU/Linux Book and CD-ROM - expected Spring 1995 (see
``Debian GNU/Linux CD-ROM''):

____ @ $200  = $ ______	  for corporations and other organizations.

____ @	$50  = $ ______	  for individuals.


Subscriptions, next 4 updates, of the Source Code CD-ROM, in ISO 9660 format
(see ``Tape & CD-ROM Subscription Service''):

____ @ $720  = $ ______	  for corporations and other organizations.

____ @ $180  = $ ______	  for individuals.



MS-DOS Software
---------------

MS-DOS Book and CD-ROM - expected February 1995 (see ``MS-DOS CD-ROM''):

____ @ $180  = $ ______	  for corporations and other organizations.

____ @	$45  = $ ______	  for individuals.



The following sources and executables for MS-DOS, on 3.5" 1.44MB diskettes
(see ``MS-DOS Diskettes''):

____ @ $ 90  = $ ______	  Emacs diskettes, GNU Emacs, for 80386 and up.

____ @ $ 80  = $ ______	  DJGPP diskettes, GCC version 2, for 80386 and up
			   (also on the ``Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM'' and
			    ``MS-DOS CD-ROM'')
____ @ $ 85  = $ ______	  Selected Utilities diskettes, 8086 and up.

____ @ $ 40  = $ ______	  Windows diskette, GNU Chess and gnuplot for
			   Microsoft Windows.


Manuals
-------

These manuals (see ``Documentation'').	Please call for bulk purchase
discounts.

____ @ $ 25  = $ ______	  GNU Emacs version 19.26 manual, with a
			   reference card.
____ @ $ 50  = $ ______	  GNU Emacs Lisp Reference version 19.25 manual,
			   in two volumes.

____ @ $ 50  = $ ______	  Using and Porting GNU CC.

____ @ $ 50  = $ ______	  GNU C Library Reference Manual.

____ @ $ 50  = $ ______	  GNU Emacs Calc manual, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______	  Programming in Emacs Lisp, An Introduction
			   (available February 1995).

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______	  Debugging with GDB, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______	  Gawk manual.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______	  Make manual.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______	  Bison manual, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______	  Flex manual, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______	  Texinfo manual.

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______	  Termcap manual.



Reference Cards
---------------

The following reference cards, in packets of ten.  For single copies please
call.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______	  GNU Emacs version 19 reference cards.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______	  GNU Emacs Calc reference cards.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______	  GDB reference cards.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______	  Bison reference cards.

____ @ $ 10  = $ ______	  Flex reference cards.



T-shirts
--------

GNU/FSF T-shirts, thick 100% cotton (see ``FSF T-shirt''):

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______	  Size M     ____ natural  ____ black.

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______	  Size L     ____ natural  ____ black.

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______	  Size XL    ____ natural  ____ black.

____ @ $ 15  = $ ______	  Size XXL   ____ natural  ____ black.



Older Products
-------------

Please fill in the number of each older CD-ROM you order:

						for		for
						corporations	individuals:
						and other
						organizations:

GNU Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
	December 1993 Edition (Version 1)	____________	____________

GNU Source Code CD-ROM
	May 1994 edition with X11R6		____________	____________

GNU Source Code CD-ROM
	November 1993 edition with X11R5	____________	____________

GNU Source Code CD-ROM
	May 1993 edition with X11R5		____________	____________

GNU Source Code CD-ROM
	October 1992 edition with X11R5		____________	____________


Please put the total count and cost of the above older CD-ROMs here:

____ @ $ 80  = $ ______	  for corporations and other organizations.

____ @ $ 20  = $ ______	  for individuals.


____ @ $  5  = $ ______	  GNU Emacs version 18 reference cards, in packets
			   of ten.
		 ------

      Subtotal $ ______



Tax and Shipping Costs
----------------------

	     + $ ______	  In Massachusetts: add 5% sales tax, or give tax
			  exempt number.
	     + $ ______	  In Alaska, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico for shipping:
			  for GNU Emacs Lisp Reference and GNU Emacs Calc
			  manuals, add $5 *each*.  For *each* tape or
			  CD-ROM subscription, add $20.	 For all other
			  items, add $5 base charge, then $1 per item except
			  reference cards; i.e.,
			  shipping for all other items = $5 + ($1 * i).
	     + $ ______	  Outside of U.S., Canada, and Puerto Rico for
			  shipping:  Add $20 base charge; then add $80 more
			  for *each* tape or CD-ROM subscription; and then
			  add $10 more for *each* manual in the order;
			  i.e., shipping for all other items
					     = $20 + ($80 * s) + ($10 * m).
	     + $ ______	  Optional (tax-deductible in the U.S.) donation.
		 ------	  We suggest 5% if paying by credit card.

	 TOTAL $ ______	  We pay for shipping via UPS ground transportation in
			  the contiguous 48 states and Canada.	For very
			  large orders, ask about actual shipping costs for
			  that order.



Shipping Information
--------------------

Name: ________________________________________________________________________

Mail Stop/Dept. Name: ________________________________________________________

Organization: ________________________________________________________________

Street Address: ______________________________________________________________

City/State/Province: _________________________________________________________

Zip Code/Postal Code/Country: ________________________________________________

Telephone number in case of a problem with your order.
For international orders, please include a FAX number. _______________________


Orders filled only upon receipt of check, money order or credit card order in
U.S. dollars.  Unpaid orders will be returned to the sender.  We do not have
the staff to handle the billing of unpaid orders.  Please help keep our lives
simple by including your payment with your order.


For orders from outside the U.S.:

You are responsible for paying all duties, tariffs, and taxes.	If you
refuse to pay the charges, the shipper will return or abandon the order.


Please make checks payable to the ``Free Software Foundation''.


For Credit Card Orders:

The Free Software Foundation takes these credit cards: Carte Blanche,
Diner's Club, JCB, Mastercard, Visa, or American Express.  Please note that
we are charged about 5% of an order's total amount in credit card
processing fees.  Please consider paying by check instead, or adding on a
5% donation to make up the difference.	To place a credit card order,
please give us this information:

Card type: ___________________________________________________________________

Account Number: ______________________________________________________________

Expiration Date: _____________________________________________________________

Cardholder's Signature: ______________________________________________________


To pay by wire transfers, or if you are a resellers, please call or write
us for details.


		Please mail orders to:	Free Software Foundation
					675 Massachusetts Avenue
					Cambridge, MA  02139  USA
Version: January 1995 ASCII Bull	+1-617-876-3296
	to USENET			FAX (including Japan): +1-617-492-9057
					Free Dial FAX numbers in Japan:
PRICES AND CONTENTS MAY CHANGE				0031-13-2473 (KDD)
WITHOUT NOTICE AFTER May 31, 1995.			0066-3382-0158 (IDC)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

							     -------
     Free Software Foundation, Inc			    |	    |
     Electronic Mail: gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu		    | stamp |
     675 Massachusetts Avenue				    |	    |
     Cambridge, MA  02139-3309				    | here  |
     USA						    |	    |
							     -------











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