bashref.pot 498 KB

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  1. # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
  2. # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  3. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
  4. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
  5. #
  6. #, fuzzy
  7. msgid ""
  8. msgstr ""
  9. "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
  10. "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-12-07 18:35+0100\n"
  11. "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
  12. "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
  13. "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
  14. "Language: \n"
  15. "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
  16. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
  17. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
  18. #. type: title
  19. #: ./bashref.texi:4 ./bashref.texi:41
  20. #, no-wrap
  21. msgid "Bash Reference Manual"
  22. msgstr ""
  23. #. type: include
  24. #: ./bashref.texi:6
  25. #, no-wrap
  26. msgid "version.texi"
  27. msgstr ""
  28. #. type: copying
  29. #: ./bashref.texi:12
  30. msgid ""
  31. "This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the "
  32. "Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED})."
  33. msgstr ""
  34. #. type: ifnottex
  35. #: ./bashref.texi:16 ./bashref.texi:67
  36. msgid ""
  37. "This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED}, of @cite{The "
  38. "GNU Bash Reference Manual}, for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}."
  39. msgstr ""
  40. #. type: copying
  41. #: ./bashref.texi:18
  42. msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
  43. msgstr ""
  44. #. type: quotation
  45. #: ./bashref.texi:26
  46. msgid ""
  47. "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under "
  48. "the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later "
  49. "version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant "
  50. "Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the "
  51. "license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation "
  52. "License''."
  53. msgstr ""
  54. #. type: dircategory
  55. #: ./bashref.texi:33
  56. #, no-wrap
  57. msgid "Basics"
  58. msgstr ""
  59. #. type: menuentry
  60. #: ./bashref.texi:36
  61. msgid "Bash: (bash)"
  62. msgstr ""
  63. #. type: menuentry
  64. #: ./bashref.texi:36
  65. msgid "The GNU Bourne-Again SHell."
  66. msgstr ""
  67. #. type: subtitle
  68. #: ./bashref.texi:42
  69. #, no-wrap
  70. msgid "Reference Documentation for Bash"
  71. msgstr ""
  72. #. type: subtitle
  73. #: ./bashref.texi:43
  74. #, no-wrap
  75. msgid "Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{Bash} Version @value{VERSION}."
  76. msgstr ""
  77. #. type: subtitle
  78. #: ./bashref.texi:44
  79. #, no-wrap
  80. msgid "@value{UPDATED-MONTH}"
  81. msgstr ""
  82. #. type: author
  83. #: ./bashref.texi:45
  84. #, no-wrap
  85. msgid "Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University"
  86. msgstr ""
  87. #. type: author
  88. #: ./bashref.texi:46
  89. #, no-wrap
  90. msgid "Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation"
  91. msgstr ""
  92. #. type: node
  93. #: ./bashref.texi:57
  94. #, no-wrap
  95. msgid "Top"
  96. msgstr ""
  97. #. type: chapter
  98. #: ./bashref.texi:57 ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:103 ./bashref.texi:104
  99. #, no-wrap
  100. msgid "Introduction"
  101. msgstr ""
  102. #. type: node
  103. #: ./bashref.texi:57 ./bashref.texi:57
  104. #, no-wrap
  105. msgid "(dir)"
  106. msgstr ""
  107. #. type: chapter
  108. #: ./bashref.texi:58 ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:6463 ./bashref.texi:6464
  109. #, no-wrap
  110. msgid "Bash Features"
  111. msgstr ""
  112. #. type: ifnottex
  113. #: ./bashref.texi:63
  114. msgid ""
  115. "This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the "
  116. "Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}). The Bash home page "
  117. "is @url{http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/}."
  118. msgstr ""
  119. #. type: ifnottex
  120. #: ./bashref.texi:75
  121. msgid ""
  122. "Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some "
  123. "features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has "
  124. "borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (@file{sh}), the Korn Shell "
  125. "(@file{ksh}), and the C-shell (@file{csh} and its successor, @file{tcsh}). "
  126. "The following menu breaks the features up into categories, noting which "
  127. "features were inspired by other shells and which are specific to Bash."
  128. msgstr ""
  129. #. type: ifnottex
  130. #: ./bashref.texi:79
  131. msgid ""
  132. "This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in Bash. The "
  133. "Bash manual page should be used as the definitive reference on shell "
  134. "behavior."
  135. msgstr ""
  136. #. type: menuentry
  137. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  138. msgid "An introduction to the shell."
  139. msgstr ""
  140. #. type: chapter
  141. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:191 ./bashref.texi:192
  142. #, no-wrap
  143. msgid "Definitions"
  144. msgstr ""
  145. #. type: menuentry
  146. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  147. msgid "Some definitions used in the rest of this manual."
  148. msgstr ""
  149. #. type: chapter
  150. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:305 ./bashref.texi:306
  151. #, no-wrap
  152. msgid "Basic Shell Features"
  153. msgstr ""
  154. #. type: menuentry
  155. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  156. msgid "The shell \"building blocks\"."
  157. msgstr ""
  158. #. type: chapter
  159. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:3403 ./bashref.texi:3404
  160. #, no-wrap
  161. msgid "Shell Builtin Commands"
  162. msgstr ""
  163. #. type: menuentry
  164. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  165. msgid "Commands that are a part of the shell."
  166. msgstr ""
  167. #. type: chapter
  168. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:5574 ./bashref.texi:5575
  169. #, no-wrap
  170. msgid "Shell Variables"
  171. msgstr ""
  172. #. type: menuentry
  173. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  174. msgid "Variables used or set by Bash."
  175. msgstr ""
  176. #. type: menuentry
  177. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  178. msgid "Features found only in Bash."
  179. msgstr ""
  180. #. type: chapter
  181. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:8179 ./bashref.texi:8180
  182. #, no-wrap
  183. msgid "Job Control"
  184. msgstr ""
  185. #. type: menuentry
  186. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  187. msgid "What job control is and how Bash allows you to use it."
  188. msgstr ""
  189. #. type: menuentry
  190. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  191. msgid "Command Line Editing"
  192. msgstr ""
  193. #. type: menuentry
  194. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  195. msgid "Chapter describing the command line editing features."
  196. msgstr ""
  197. #. type: menuentry
  198. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  199. msgid "Using History Interactively"
  200. msgstr ""
  201. #. type: menuentry
  202. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  203. msgid "Command History Expansion"
  204. msgstr ""
  205. #. type: chapter
  206. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:8498 ./bashref.texi:8499
  207. #, no-wrap
  208. msgid "Installing Bash"
  209. msgstr ""
  210. #. type: menuentry
  211. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  212. msgid "How to build and install Bash on your system."
  213. msgstr ""
  214. #. type: appendix
  215. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:9031 ./bashref.texi:9032
  216. #, no-wrap
  217. msgid "Reporting Bugs"
  218. msgstr ""
  219. #. type: menuentry
  220. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  221. msgid "How to report bugs in Bash."
  222. msgstr ""
  223. #. type: appendix
  224. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:9070 ./bashref.texi:9071
  225. #, no-wrap
  226. msgid "Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"
  227. msgstr ""
  228. #. type: menuentry
  229. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  230. msgid ""
  231. "A terse list of the differences between Bash and historical versions of "
  232. "/bin/sh."
  233. msgstr ""
  234. #. type: appendix
  235. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:9538 ./bashref.texi:9539
  236. #, no-wrap
  237. msgid "GNU Free Documentation License"
  238. msgstr ""
  239. #. type: menuentry
  240. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  241. msgid "Copying and sharing this documentation."
  242. msgstr ""
  243. #. type: appendix
  244. #: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:9543 ./bashref.texi:9544
  245. #, no-wrap
  246. msgid "Indexes"
  247. msgstr ""
  248. #. type: menuentry
  249. #: ./bashref.texi:100
  250. msgid "Various indexes for this manual."
  251. msgstr ""
  252. #. type: section
  253. #: ./bashref.texi:108 ./bashref.texi:110 ./bashref.texi:111
  254. #, no-wrap
  255. msgid "What is Bash?"
  256. msgstr ""
  257. #. type: menuentry
  258. #: ./bashref.texi:108
  259. msgid "A short description of Bash."
  260. msgstr ""
  261. #. type: section
  262. #: ./bashref.texi:108 ./bashref.texi:136 ./bashref.texi:137
  263. #, no-wrap
  264. msgid "What is a shell?"
  265. msgstr ""
  266. #. type: menuentry
  267. #: ./bashref.texi:108
  268. msgid "A brief introduction to shells."
  269. msgstr ""
  270. #. type: Plain text
  271. #: ./bashref.texi:120
  272. msgid ""
  273. "Bash is the shell, or command language interpreter, for the @sc{gnu} "
  274. "operating system. The name is an acronym for the @samp{Bourne-Again SHell}, "
  275. "a pun on Stephen Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of the current "
  276. "Unix shell @code{sh}, which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs "
  277. "Research version of Unix."
  278. msgstr ""
  279. #. type: Plain text
  280. #: ./bashref.texi:128
  281. msgid ""
  282. "Bash is largely compatible with @code{sh} and incorporates useful features "
  283. "from the Korn shell @code{ksh} and the C shell @code{csh}. It is intended "
  284. "to be a conformant implementation of the @sc{ieee} @sc{posix} Shell and "
  285. "Tools portion of the @sc{ieee} @sc{posix} specification (@sc{ieee} Standard "
  286. "1003.1). It offers functional improvements over @code{sh} for both "
  287. "interactive and programming use."
  288. msgstr ""
  289. #. type: Plain text
  290. #: ./bashref.texi:135
  291. msgid ""
  292. "While the @sc{gnu} operating system provides other shells, including a "
  293. "version of @code{csh}, Bash is the default shell. Like other @sc{gnu} "
  294. "software, Bash is quite portable. It currently runs on nearly every version "
  295. "of Unix and a few other operating systems @minus{} independently-supported "
  296. "ports exist for @sc{ms-dos}, @sc{os/2}, and Windows platforms."
  297. msgstr ""
  298. #. type: Plain text
  299. #: ./bashref.texi:142
  300. msgid ""
  301. "At its base, a shell is simply a macro processor that executes commands. "
  302. "The term macro processor means functionality where text and symbols are "
  303. "expanded to create larger expressions."
  304. msgstr ""
  305. #. type: Plain text
  306. #: ./bashref.texi:152
  307. msgid ""
  308. "A Unix shell is both a command interpreter and a programming language. As a "
  309. "command interpreter, the shell provides the user interface to the rich set "
  310. "of @sc{gnu} utilities. The programming language features allow these "
  311. "utilities to be combined. Files containing commands can be created, and "
  312. "become commands themselves. These new commands have the same status as "
  313. "system commands in directories such as @file{/bin}, allowing users or groups "
  314. "to establish custom environments to automate their common tasks."
  315. msgstr ""
  316. #. type: Plain text
  317. #: ./bashref.texi:157
  318. msgid ""
  319. "Shells may be used interactively or non-interactively. In interactive mode, "
  320. "they accept input typed from the keyboard. When executing "
  321. "non-interactively, shells execute commands read from a file."
  322. msgstr ""
  323. #. type: Plain text
  324. #: ./bashref.texi:167
  325. msgid ""
  326. "A shell allows execution of @sc{gnu} commands, both synchronously and "
  327. "asynchronously. The shell waits for synchronous commands to complete before "
  328. "accepting more input; asynchronous commands continue to execute in parallel "
  329. "with the shell while it reads and executes additional commands. The "
  330. "@dfn{redirection} constructs permit fine-grained control of the input and "
  331. "output of those commands. Moreover, the shell allows control over the "
  332. "contents of commands' environments."
  333. msgstr ""
  334. #. type: Plain text
  335. #: ./bashref.texi:179
  336. msgid ""
  337. "Shells also provide a small set of built-in commands (@dfn{builtins}) "
  338. "implementing functionality impossible or inconvenient to obtain via separate "
  339. "utilities. For example, @code{cd}, @code{break}, @code{continue}, and "
  340. "@code{exec} cannot be implemented outside of the shell because they directly "
  341. "manipulate the shell itself. The @code{history}, @code{getopts}, "
  342. "@code{kill}, or @code{pwd} builtins, among others, could be implemented in "
  343. "separate utilities, but they are more convenient to use as builtin "
  344. "commands. All of the shell builtins are described in subsequent sections."
  345. msgstr ""
  346. #. type: Plain text
  347. #: ./bashref.texi:184
  348. msgid ""
  349. "While executing commands is essential, most of the power (and complexity) of "
  350. "shells is due to their embedded programming languages. Like any high-level "
  351. "language, the shell provides variables, flow control constructs, quoting, "
  352. "and functions."
  353. msgstr ""
  354. #. type: Plain text
  355. #: ./bashref.texi:190
  356. msgid ""
  357. "Shells offer features geared specifically for interactive use rather than to "
  358. "augment the programming language. These interactive features include job "
  359. "control, command line editing, command history and aliases. Each of these "
  360. "features is described in this manual."
  361. msgstr ""
  362. #. type: Plain text
  363. #: ./bashref.texi:194
  364. msgid "These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual."
  365. msgstr ""
  366. #. type: cindex
  367. #: ./bashref.texi:197 ./bashref.texi:198
  368. #, no-wrap
  369. msgid "POSIX"
  370. msgstr ""
  371. #. type: table
  372. #: ./bashref.texi:202
  373. msgid ""
  374. "A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash is primarily "
  375. "concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the @sc{posix} 1003.1 "
  376. "standard."
  377. msgstr ""
  378. #. type: item
  379. #: ./bashref.texi:203
  380. #, no-wrap
  381. msgid "blank"
  382. msgstr ""
  383. #. type: table
  384. #: ./bashref.texi:205
  385. msgid "A space or tab character."
  386. msgstr ""
  387. #. type: btindex
  388. #: ./bashref.texi:206 ./bashref.texi:207 ./bashref.texi:4128 ./bashref.texi:4129
  389. #, no-wrap
  390. msgid "builtin"
  391. msgstr ""
  392. #. type: table
  393. #: ./bashref.texi:210
  394. msgid ""
  395. "A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather than by "
  396. "an executable program somewhere in the file system."
  397. msgstr ""
  398. #. type: cindex
  399. #: ./bashref.texi:211 ./bashref.texi:212
  400. #, no-wrap
  401. msgid "control operator"
  402. msgstr ""
  403. #. type: table
  404. #: ./bashref.texi:217
  405. msgid ""
  406. "A @code{token} that performs a control function. It is a @code{newline} or "
  407. "one of the following: @samp{||}, @samp{&&}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{;;}, "
  408. "@samp{;&}, @samp{;;&}, @samp{|}, @samp{|&}, @samp{(}, or @samp{)}."
  409. msgstr ""
  410. #. type: cindex
  411. #: ./bashref.texi:218 ./bashref.texi:219 ./bashref.texi:3251
  412. #, no-wrap
  413. msgid "exit status"
  414. msgstr ""
  415. #. type: table
  416. #: ./bashref.texi:222
  417. msgid ""
  418. "The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is restricted to "
  419. "eight bits, so the maximum value is 255."
  420. msgstr ""
  421. #. type: cindex
  422. #: ./bashref.texi:223 ./bashref.texi:224
  423. #, no-wrap
  424. msgid "field"
  425. msgstr ""
  426. #. type: table
  427. #: ./bashref.texi:228
  428. msgid ""
  429. "A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After "
  430. "expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as the "
  431. "command name and arguments."
  432. msgstr ""
  433. #. type: cindex
  434. #: ./bashref.texi:229 ./bashref.texi:230
  435. #, no-wrap
  436. msgid "filename"
  437. msgstr ""
  438. #. type: table
  439. #: ./bashref.texi:232
  440. msgid "A string of characters used to identify a file."
  441. msgstr ""
  442. #. type: cindex
  443. #: ./bashref.texi:233 ./bashref.texi:234
  444. #, no-wrap
  445. msgid "job"
  446. msgstr ""
  447. #. type: table
  448. #: ./bashref.texi:237
  449. msgid ""
  450. "A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended from "
  451. "it, that are all in the same process group."
  452. msgstr ""
  453. #. type: cindex
  454. #: ./bashref.texi:238 ./bashref.texi:239 ./bashref.texi:8195
  455. #, no-wrap
  456. msgid "job control"
  457. msgstr ""
  458. #. type: table
  459. #: ./bashref.texi:242
  460. msgid ""
  461. "A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart "
  462. "(resume) execution of processes."
  463. msgstr ""
  464. #. type: cindex
  465. #: ./bashref.texi:243 ./bashref.texi:244
  466. #, no-wrap
  467. msgid "metacharacter"
  468. msgstr ""
  469. #. type: table
  470. #: ./bashref.texi:249
  471. msgid ""
  472. "A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is a "
  473. "@code{space}, @code{tab}, @code{newline}, or one of the following "
  474. "characters: @samp{|}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{(}, @samp{)}, @samp{<}, or "
  475. "@samp{>}."
  476. msgstr ""
  477. #. type: cindex
  478. #: ./bashref.texi:250 ./bashref.texi:251
  479. #, no-wrap
  480. msgid "name"
  481. msgstr ""
  482. #. type: cindex
  483. #: ./bashref.texi:252
  484. #, no-wrap
  485. msgid "identifier"
  486. msgstr ""
  487. #. type: table
  488. #: ./bashref.texi:257
  489. msgid ""
  490. "A @code{word} consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores, and "
  491. "beginning with a letter or underscore. @code{Name}s are used as shell "
  492. "variable and function names. Also referred to as an @code{identifier}."
  493. msgstr ""
  494. #. type: item
  495. #: ./bashref.texi:258
  496. #, no-wrap
  497. msgid "operator"
  498. msgstr ""
  499. #. type: cindex
  500. #: ./bashref.texi:259
  501. #, no-wrap
  502. msgid "operator, shell"
  503. msgstr ""
  504. #. type: table
  505. #: ./bashref.texi:263
  506. msgid ""
  507. "A @code{control operator} or a @code{redirection operator}. "
  508. "@xref{Redirections}, for a list of redirection operators. Operators contain "
  509. "at least one unquoted @code{metacharacter}."
  510. msgstr ""
  511. #. type: cindex
  512. #: ./bashref.texi:264 ./bashref.texi:265
  513. #, no-wrap
  514. msgid "process group"
  515. msgstr ""
  516. #. type: table
  517. #: ./bashref.texi:268
  518. msgid ""
  519. "A collection of related processes each having the same process group "
  520. "@sc{id}."
  521. msgstr ""
  522. #. type: cindex
  523. #: ./bashref.texi:269 ./bashref.texi:270
  524. #, no-wrap
  525. msgid "process group ID"
  526. msgstr ""
  527. #. type: table
  528. #: ./bashref.texi:273
  529. msgid ""
  530. "A unique identifier that represents a @code{process group} during its "
  531. "lifetime."
  532. msgstr ""
  533. #. type: cindex
  534. #: ./bashref.texi:274 ./bashref.texi:275
  535. #, no-wrap
  536. msgid "reserved word"
  537. msgstr ""
  538. #. type: table
  539. #: ./bashref.texi:279
  540. msgid ""
  541. "A @code{word} that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved words "
  542. "introduce shell flow control constructs, such as @code{for} and "
  543. "@code{while}."
  544. msgstr ""
  545. #. type: cindex
  546. #: ./bashref.texi:280 ./bashref.texi:281
  547. #, no-wrap
  548. msgid "return status"
  549. msgstr ""
  550. #. type: table
  551. #: ./bashref.texi:283
  552. msgid "A synonym for @code{exit status}."
  553. msgstr ""
  554. #. type: cindex
  555. #: ./bashref.texi:284 ./bashref.texi:285
  556. #, no-wrap
  557. msgid "signal"
  558. msgstr ""
  559. #. type: table
  560. #: ./bashref.texi:288
  561. msgid ""
  562. "A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel of an event "
  563. "occurring in the system."
  564. msgstr ""
  565. #. type: cindex
  566. #: ./bashref.texi:289 ./bashref.texi:290 ./bashref.texi:5545
  567. #, no-wrap
  568. msgid "special builtin"
  569. msgstr ""
  570. #. type: table
  571. #: ./bashref.texi:293
  572. msgid ""
  573. "A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the "
  574. "@sc{posix} standard."
  575. msgstr ""
  576. #. type: cindex
  577. #: ./bashref.texi:294 ./bashref.texi:295
  578. #, no-wrap
  579. msgid "token"
  580. msgstr ""
  581. #. type: table
  582. #: ./bashref.texi:298
  583. msgid ""
  584. "A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell. It is "
  585. "either a @code{word} or an @code{operator}."
  586. msgstr ""
  587. #. type: cindex
  588. #: ./bashref.texi:299 ./bashref.texi:300
  589. #, no-wrap
  590. msgid "word"
  591. msgstr ""
  592. #. type: table
  593. #: ./bashref.texi:303
  594. msgid ""
  595. "A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell. Words may not "
  596. "include unquoted @code{metacharacters}."
  597. msgstr ""
  598. #. type: cindex
  599. #: ./bashref.texi:307
  600. #, no-wrap
  601. msgid "Bourne shell"
  602. msgstr ""
  603. #. type: Plain text
  604. #: ./bashref.texi:315
  605. msgid ""
  606. "Bash is an acronym for @samp{Bourne-Again SHell}. The Bourne shell is the "
  607. "traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne. All of the "
  608. "Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash, The rules for "
  609. "evaluation and quoting are taken from the @sc{posix} specification for the "
  610. "`standard' Unix shell."
  611. msgstr ""
  612. #. type: Plain text
  613. #: ./bashref.texi:321
  614. msgid ""
  615. "This chapter briefly summarizes the shell's `building blocks': commands, "
  616. "control structures, shell functions, shell @i{parameters}, shell expansions, "
  617. "@i{redirections}, which are a way to direct input and output from and to "
  618. "named files, and how the shell executes commands."
  619. msgstr ""
  620. #. type: section
  621. #: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:334 ./bashref.texi:335
  622. #, no-wrap
  623. msgid "Shell Syntax"
  624. msgstr ""
  625. #. type: menuentry
  626. #: ./bashref.texi:332
  627. msgid "What your input means to the shell."
  628. msgstr ""
  629. #. type: section
  630. #: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:575 ./bashref.texi:576
  631. #, no-wrap
  632. msgid "Shell Commands"
  633. msgstr ""
  634. #. type: menuentry
  635. #: ./bashref.texi:332
  636. msgid "The types of commands you can use."
  637. msgstr ""
  638. #. type: section
  639. #: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:1394 ./bashref.texi:1395
  640. #, no-wrap
  641. msgid "Shell Functions"
  642. msgstr ""
  643. #. type: menuentry
  644. #: ./bashref.texi:332
  645. msgid "Grouping commands by name."
  646. msgstr ""
  647. #. type: section
  648. #: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:1578 ./bashref.texi:1579
  649. #, no-wrap
  650. msgid "Shell Parameters"
  651. msgstr ""
  652. #. type: menuentry
  653. #: ./bashref.texi:332
  654. msgid "How the shell stores values."
  655. msgstr ""
  656. #. type: section
  657. #: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:1785 ./bashref.texi:1786
  658. #, no-wrap
  659. msgid "Shell Expansions"
  660. msgstr ""
  661. #. type: menuentry
  662. #: ./bashref.texi:332
  663. msgid "How Bash expands parameters and the various expansions available."
  664. msgstr ""
  665. #. type: section
  666. #: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:2703 ./bashref.texi:2704
  667. #, no-wrap
  668. msgid "Redirections"
  669. msgstr ""
  670. #. type: menuentry
  671. #: ./bashref.texi:332
  672. msgid "A way to control where input and output go."
  673. msgstr ""
  674. #. type: section
  675. #: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:2995 ./bashref.texi:2996
  676. #, no-wrap
  677. msgid "Executing Commands"
  678. msgstr ""
  679. #. type: menuentry
  680. #: ./bashref.texi:332
  681. msgid "What happens when you run a command."
  682. msgstr ""
  683. #. type: section
  684. #: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:3333 ./bashref.texi:3334
  685. #, no-wrap
  686. msgid "Shell Scripts"
  687. msgstr ""
  688. #. type: menuentry
  689. #: ./bashref.texi:332
  690. msgid "Executing files of shell commands."
  691. msgstr ""
  692. #. type: subsection
  693. #: ./bashref.texi:340 ./bashref.texi:357 ./bashref.texi:358
  694. #, no-wrap
  695. msgid "Shell Operation"
  696. msgstr ""
  697. #. type: menuentry
  698. #: ./bashref.texi:340
  699. msgid "The basic operation of the shell."
  700. msgstr ""
  701. #. type: subsection
  702. #: ./bashref.texi:340 ./bashref.texi:398 ./bashref.texi:399
  703. #, no-wrap
  704. msgid "Quoting"
  705. msgstr ""
  706. #. type: menuentry
  707. #: ./bashref.texi:340
  708. msgid "How to remove the special meaning from characters."
  709. msgstr ""
  710. #. type: subsection
  711. #: ./bashref.texi:340 ./bashref.texi:560 ./bashref.texi:561
  712. #, no-wrap
  713. msgid "Comments"
  714. msgstr ""
  715. #. type: menuentry
  716. #: ./bashref.texi:340
  717. msgid "How to specify comments."
  718. msgstr ""
  719. #. type: Plain text
  720. #: ./bashref.texi:346
  721. msgid ""
  722. "When the shell reads input, it proceeds through a sequence of operations. "
  723. "If the input indicates the beginning of a comment, the shell ignores the "
  724. "comment symbol (@samp{#}), and the rest of that line."
  725. msgstr ""
  726. #. type: Plain text
  727. #: ./bashref.texi:350
  728. msgid ""
  729. "Otherwise, roughly speaking, the shell reads its input and divides the input "
  730. "into words and operators, employing the quoting rules to select which "
  731. "meanings to assign various words and characters."
  732. msgstr ""
  733. #. type: Plain text
  734. #: ./bashref.texi:356
  735. msgid ""
  736. "The shell then parses these tokens into commands and other constructs, "
  737. "removes the special meaning of certain words or characters, expands others, "
  738. "redirects input and output as needed, executes the specified command, waits "
  739. "for the command's exit status, and makes that exit status available for "
  740. "further inspection or processing."
  741. msgstr ""
  742. #. type: Plain text
  743. #: ./bashref.texi:363
  744. msgid ""
  745. "The following is a brief description of the shell's operation when it reads "
  746. "and executes a command. Basically, the shell does the following:"
  747. msgstr ""
  748. #. type: enumerate
  749. #: ./bashref.texi:369
  750. msgid ""
  751. "Reads its input from a file (@pxref{Shell Scripts}), from a string supplied "
  752. "as an argument to the @option{-c} invocation option (@pxref{Invoking Bash}), "
  753. "or from the user's terminal."
  754. msgstr ""
  755. #. type: enumerate
  756. #: ./bashref.texi:375
  757. msgid ""
  758. "Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules "
  759. "described in @ref{Quoting}. These tokens are separated by "
  760. "@code{metacharacters}. Alias expansion is performed by this step "
  761. "(@pxref{Aliases})."
  762. msgstr ""
  763. #. type: enumerate
  764. #: ./bashref.texi:379
  765. msgid ""
  766. "Parses the tokens into simple and compound commands (@pxref{Shell "
  767. "Commands})."
  768. msgstr ""
  769. #. type: enumerate
  770. #: ./bashref.texi:384
  771. msgid ""
  772. "Performs the various shell expansions (@pxref{Shell Expansions}), breaking "
  773. "the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (@pxref{Filename Expansion}) "
  774. "and commands and arguments."
  775. msgstr ""
  776. #. type: enumerate
  777. #: ./bashref.texi:388
  778. msgid ""
  779. "Performs any necessary redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) and removes the "
  780. "redirection operators and their operands from the argument list."
  781. msgstr ""
  782. #. type: enumerate
  783. #: ./bashref.texi:391
  784. msgid "Executes the command (@pxref{Executing Commands})."
  785. msgstr ""
  786. #. type: enumerate
  787. #: ./bashref.texi:395
  788. msgid ""
  789. "Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit status "
  790. "(@pxref{Exit Status})."
  791. msgstr ""
  792. #. type: cindex
  793. #: ./bashref.texi:400
  794. #, no-wrap
  795. msgid "quoting"
  796. msgstr ""
  797. #. type: subsubsection
  798. #: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:430 ./bashref.texi:431
  799. #, no-wrap
  800. msgid "Escape Character"
  801. msgstr ""
  802. #. type: menuentry
  803. #: ./bashref.texi:410
  804. msgid "How to remove the special meaning from a single character."
  805. msgstr ""
  806. #. type: subsubsection
  807. #: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:439 ./bashref.texi:440
  808. #, no-wrap
  809. msgid "Single Quotes"
  810. msgstr ""
  811. #. type: menuentry
  812. #: ./bashref.texi:410
  813. msgid "How to inhibit all interpretation of a sequence of characters."
  814. msgstr ""
  815. #. type: subsubsection
  816. #: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:446 ./bashref.texi:447
  817. #, no-wrap
  818. msgid "Double Quotes"
  819. msgstr ""
  820. #. type: menuentry
  821. #: ./bashref.texi:410
  822. msgid "How to suppress most of the interpretation of a sequence of characters."
  823. msgstr ""
  824. #. type: subsubsection
  825. #: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:474 ./bashref.texi:475
  826. #, no-wrap
  827. msgid "ANSI-C Quoting"
  828. msgstr ""
  829. #. type: menuentry
  830. #: ./bashref.texi:410
  831. msgid "How to expand ANSI-C sequences in quoted strings."
  832. msgstr ""
  833. #. type: node
  834. #: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:529
  835. #, no-wrap
  836. msgid "Locale Translation"
  837. msgstr ""
  838. #. type: menuentry
  839. #: ./bashref.texi:410
  840. msgid "How to translate strings into different languages."
  841. msgstr ""
  842. #. type: Plain text
  843. #: ./bashref.texi:417
  844. msgid ""
  845. "Quoting is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or words "
  846. "to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment for special "
  847. "characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized as such, and to "
  848. "prevent parameter expansion."
  849. msgstr ""
  850. #. type: Plain text
  851. #: ./bashref.texi:426
  852. msgid ""
  853. "Each of the shell metacharacters (@pxref{Definitions}) has special meaning "
  854. "to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself. When the "
  855. "command history expansion facilities are being used (@pxref{History "
  856. "Interaction}), the @var{history expansion} character, usually @samp{!}, must "
  857. "be quoted to prevent history expansion. @xref{Bash History Facilities}, for "
  858. "more details concerning history expansion."
  859. msgstr ""
  860. #. type: Plain text
  861. #: ./bashref.texi:429
  862. msgid ""
  863. "There are three quoting mechanisms: the @var{escape character}, single "
  864. "quotes, and double quotes."
  865. msgstr ""
  866. #. type: Plain text
  867. #: ./bashref.texi:438
  868. msgid ""
  869. "A non-quoted backslash @samp{\\} is the Bash escape character. It preserves "
  870. "the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of "
  871. "@code{newline}. If a @code{\\newline} pair appears, and the backslash "
  872. "itself is not quoted, the @code{\\newline} is treated as a line continuation "
  873. "(that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored)."
  874. msgstr ""
  875. #. type: Plain text
  876. #: ./bashref.texi:445
  877. msgid ""
  878. "Enclosing characters in single quotes (@samp{'}) preserves the literal value "
  879. "of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between "
  880. "single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash."
  881. msgstr ""
  882. #. type: Plain text
  883. #: ./bashref.texi:470
  884. msgid ""
  885. "Enclosing characters in double quotes (@samp{\"}) preserves the literal "
  886. "value of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of @samp{$}, "
  887. "@samp{`}, @samp{\\}, and, when history expansion is enabled, @samp{!}. When "
  888. "the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), the @samp{!} has "
  889. "no special meaning within double quotes, even when history expansion is "
  890. "enabled. The characters @samp{$} and @samp{`} retain their special meaning "
  891. "within double quotes (@pxref{Shell Expansions}). The backslash retains its "
  892. "special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters: "
  893. "@samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{\"}, @samp{\\}, or @code{newline}. Within double "
  894. "quotes, backslashes that are followed by one of these characters are "
  895. "removed. Backslashes preceding characters without a special meaning are "
  896. "left unmodified. A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by "
  897. "preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion will be "
  898. "performed unless an @samp{!} appearing in double quotes is escaped using a "
  899. "backslash. The backslash preceding the @samp{!} is not removed."
  900. msgstr ""
  901. #. type: Plain text
  902. #: ./bashref.texi:473
  903. msgid ""
  904. "The special parameters @samp{*} and @samp{@@} have special meaning when in "
  905. "double quotes (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion})."
  906. msgstr ""
  907. #. type: cindex
  908. #: ./bashref.texi:476
  909. #, no-wrap
  910. msgid "quoting, ANSI"
  911. msgstr ""
  912. #. type: Plain text
  913. #: ./bashref.texi:482
  914. msgid ""
  915. "Words of the form @code{$'@var{string}'} are treated specially. The word "
  916. "expands to @var{string}, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as "
  917. "specified by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, "
  918. "are decoded as follows:"
  919. msgstr ""
  920. #. type: item
  921. #: ./bashref.texi:484 ./bashref.texi:4323 ./bashref.texi:7536
  922. #, no-wrap
  923. msgid "\\a"
  924. msgstr ""
  925. #. type: table
  926. #: ./bashref.texi:486 ./bashref.texi:4325
  927. msgid "alert (bell)"
  928. msgstr ""
  929. #. type: item
  930. #: ./bashref.texi:486 ./bashref.texi:4325
  931. #, no-wrap
  932. msgid "\\b"
  933. msgstr ""
  934. #. type: table
  935. #: ./bashref.texi:488 ./bashref.texi:4327
  936. msgid "backspace"
  937. msgstr ""
  938. #. type: item
  939. #: ./bashref.texi:488 ./bashref.texi:4329 ./bashref.texi:7544
  940. #, no-wrap
  941. msgid "\\e"
  942. msgstr ""
  943. #. type: itemx
  944. #: ./bashref.texi:489 ./bashref.texi:4330
  945. #, no-wrap
  946. msgid "\\E"
  947. msgstr ""
  948. #. type: table
  949. #: ./bashref.texi:491
  950. msgid "an escape character (not ANSI C)"
  951. msgstr ""
  952. #. type: item
  953. #: ./bashref.texi:491 ./bashref.texi:4332
  954. #, no-wrap
  955. msgid "\\f"
  956. msgstr ""
  957. #. type: table
  958. #: ./bashref.texi:493 ./bashref.texi:4334
  959. msgid "form feed"
  960. msgstr ""
  961. #. type: item
  962. #: ./bashref.texi:493 ./bashref.texi:4334 ./bashref.texi:7554
  963. #, no-wrap
  964. msgid "\\n"
  965. msgstr ""
  966. #. type: table
  967. #: ./bashref.texi:495
  968. msgid "newline"
  969. msgstr ""
  970. #. type: item
  971. #: ./bashref.texi:495 ./bashref.texi:4336 ./bashref.texi:7556
  972. #, no-wrap
  973. msgid "\\r"
  974. msgstr ""
  975. #. type: table
  976. #: ./bashref.texi:497 ./bashref.texi:4338
  977. msgid "carriage return"
  978. msgstr ""
  979. #. type: item
  980. #: ./bashref.texi:497 ./bashref.texi:4338 ./bashref.texi:7561
  981. #, no-wrap
  982. msgid "\\t"
  983. msgstr ""
  984. #. type: table
  985. #: ./bashref.texi:499 ./bashref.texi:4340
  986. msgid "horizontal tab"
  987. msgstr ""
  988. #. type: item
  989. #: ./bashref.texi:499 ./bashref.texi:4340 ./bashref.texi:7571
  990. #, no-wrap
  991. msgid "\\v"
  992. msgstr ""
  993. #. type: table
  994. #: ./bashref.texi:501 ./bashref.texi:4342
  995. msgid "vertical tab"
  996. msgstr ""
  997. #. type: item
  998. #: ./bashref.texi:501 ./bashref.texi:4342 ./bashref.texi:7588
  999. #, no-wrap
  1000. msgid "\\\\"
  1001. msgstr ""
  1002. #. type: table
  1003. #: ./bashref.texi:503 ./bashref.texi:4344
  1004. msgid "backslash"
  1005. msgstr ""
  1006. #. type: item
  1007. #: ./bashref.texi:503
  1008. #, no-wrap
  1009. msgid "\\'"
  1010. msgstr ""
  1011. #. type: table
  1012. #: ./bashref.texi:505
  1013. msgid "single quote"
  1014. msgstr ""
  1015. #. type: item
  1016. #: ./bashref.texi:505
  1017. #, no-wrap
  1018. msgid "\\\""
  1019. msgstr ""
  1020. #. type: table
  1021. #: ./bashref.texi:507
  1022. msgid "double quote"
  1023. msgstr ""
  1024. #. type: item
  1025. #: ./bashref.texi:507
  1026. #, no-wrap
  1027. msgid "\\?"
  1028. msgstr ""
  1029. #. type: table
  1030. #: ./bashref.texi:509
  1031. msgid "question mark"
  1032. msgstr ""
  1033. #. type: item
  1034. #: ./bashref.texi:509 ./bashref.texi:7586
  1035. #, no-wrap
  1036. msgid "\\@var{nnn}"
  1037. msgstr ""
  1038. #. type: table
  1039. #: ./bashref.texi:512
  1040. msgid ""
  1041. "the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn} (one to "
  1042. "three octal digits)"
  1043. msgstr ""
  1044. #. type: item
  1045. #: ./bashref.texi:512 ./bashref.texi:4347
  1046. #, no-wrap
  1047. msgid "\\x@var{HH}"
  1048. msgstr ""
  1049. #. type: table
  1050. #: ./bashref.texi:515 ./bashref.texi:4350
  1051. msgid ""
  1052. "the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH} (one "
  1053. "or two hex digits)"
  1054. msgstr ""
  1055. #. type: item
  1056. #: ./bashref.texi:515 ./bashref.texi:4350
  1057. #, no-wrap
  1058. msgid "\\u@var{HHHH}"
  1059. msgstr ""
  1060. #. type: table
  1061. #: ./bashref.texi:518 ./bashref.texi:4353
  1062. msgid ""
  1063. "the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value "
  1064. "@var{HHHH} (one to four hex digits)"
  1065. msgstr ""
  1066. #. type: item
  1067. #: ./bashref.texi:518 ./bashref.texi:4353
  1068. #, no-wrap
  1069. msgid "\\U@var{HHHHHHHH}"
  1070. msgstr ""
  1071. #. type: table
  1072. #: ./bashref.texi:521 ./bashref.texi:4356
  1073. msgid ""
  1074. "the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value "
  1075. "@var{HHHHHHHH} (one to eight hex digits)"
  1076. msgstr ""
  1077. #. type: item
  1078. #: ./bashref.texi:521
  1079. #, no-wrap
  1080. msgid "\\c@var{x}"
  1081. msgstr ""
  1082. #. type: table
  1083. #: ./bashref.texi:523
  1084. msgid "a control-@var{x} character"
  1085. msgstr ""
  1086. #. type: Plain text
  1087. #: ./bashref.texi:528
  1088. msgid ""
  1089. "The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been "
  1090. "present."
  1091. msgstr ""
  1092. #. type: subsubsection
  1093. #: ./bashref.texi:530
  1094. #, no-wrap
  1095. msgid "Locale-Specific Translation"
  1096. msgstr ""
  1097. #. type: cindex
  1098. #: ./bashref.texi:531
  1099. #, no-wrap
  1100. msgid "localization"
  1101. msgstr ""
  1102. #. type: cindex
  1103. #: ./bashref.texi:532
  1104. #, no-wrap
  1105. msgid "internationalization"
  1106. msgstr ""
  1107. #. type: cindex
  1108. #: ./bashref.texi:533
  1109. #, no-wrap
  1110. msgid "native languages"
  1111. msgstr ""
  1112. #. type: cindex
  1113. #: ./bashref.texi:534
  1114. #, no-wrap
  1115. msgid "translation, native languages"
  1116. msgstr ""
  1117. #. type: Plain text
  1118. #: ./bashref.texi:547
  1119. msgid ""
  1120. "A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (@samp{$}) will cause the "
  1121. "string to be translated according to the current locale. The @var{gettext} "
  1122. "infrastructure performs the message catalog lookup and translation, using "
  1123. "the @code{LC_MESSAGES} and @code{TEXTDOMAIN} shell variables, as explained "
  1124. "below. See the gettext documentation for additional details. If the current "
  1125. "locale is @code{C} or @code{POSIX}, or if there are no translations "
  1126. "available, the dollar sign is ignored. If the string is translated and "
  1127. "replaced, the replacement is double-quoted."
  1128. msgstr ""
  1129. #. type: item
  1130. #: ./bashref.texi:548 ./bashref.texi:6218
  1131. #, no-wrap
  1132. msgid "LC_MESSAGES"
  1133. msgstr ""
  1134. #. type: vindex
  1135. #: ./bashref.texi:549
  1136. #, no-wrap
  1137. msgid "TEXTDOMAIN"
  1138. msgstr ""
  1139. #. type: vindex
  1140. #: ./bashref.texi:550
  1141. #, no-wrap
  1142. msgid "TEXTDOMAINDIR"
  1143. msgstr ""
  1144. #. type: Plain text
  1145. #: ./bashref.texi:559
  1146. msgid ""
  1147. "Some systems use the message catalog selected by the @env{LC_MESSAGES} shell "
  1148. "variable. Others create the name of the message catalog from the value of "
  1149. "the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} shell variable, possibly adding a suffix of "
  1150. "@samp{.mo}. If you use the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} variable, you may need to set "
  1151. "the @env{TEXTDOMAINDIR} variable to the location of the message catalog "
  1152. "files. Still others use both variables in this fashion: "
  1153. "@env{TEXTDOMAINDIR}/@env{LC_MESSAGES}/LC_MESSAGES/@env{TEXTDOMAIN}.mo."
  1154. msgstr ""
  1155. #. type: cindex
  1156. #: ./bashref.texi:562
  1157. #, no-wrap
  1158. msgid "comments, shell"
  1159. msgstr ""
  1160. #. type: Plain text
  1161. #: ./bashref.texi:574
  1162. msgid ""
  1163. "In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the "
  1164. "@code{interactive_comments} option to the @code{shopt} builtin is enabled "
  1165. "(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), a word beginning with @samp{#} causes that word "
  1166. "and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive "
  1167. "shell without the @code{interactive_comments} option enabled does not allow "
  1168. "comments. The @code{interactive_comments} option is on by default in "
  1169. "interactive shells. @xref{Interactive Shells}, for a description of what "
  1170. "makes a shell interactive."
  1171. msgstr ""
  1172. #. type: cindex
  1173. #: ./bashref.texi:577
  1174. #, no-wrap
  1175. msgid "commands, shell"
  1176. msgstr ""
  1177. #. type: Plain text
  1178. #: ./bashref.texi:581
  1179. msgid ""
  1180. "A simple shell command such as @code{echo a b c} consists of the command "
  1181. "itself followed by arguments, separated by spaces."
  1182. msgstr ""
  1183. #. type: Plain text
  1184. #: ./bashref.texi:586
  1185. msgid ""
  1186. "More complex shell commands are composed of simple commands arranged "
  1187. "together in a variety of ways: in a pipeline in which the output of one "
  1188. "command becomes the input of a second, in a loop or conditional construct, "
  1189. "or in some other grouping."
  1190. msgstr ""
  1191. #. type: subsection
  1192. #: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:598 ./bashref.texi:599
  1193. #, no-wrap
  1194. msgid "Reserved Words"
  1195. msgstr ""
  1196. #. type: menuentry
  1197. #: ./bashref.texi:596
  1198. msgid "Words that have special meaning to the shell."
  1199. msgstr ""
  1200. #. type: subsection
  1201. #: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:624 ./bashref.texi:625
  1202. #, no-wrap
  1203. msgid "Simple Commands"
  1204. msgstr ""
  1205. #. type: menuentry
  1206. #: ./bashref.texi:596
  1207. msgid "The most common type of command."
  1208. msgstr ""
  1209. #. type: subsection
  1210. #: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:639 ./bashref.texi:640
  1211. #, no-wrap
  1212. msgid "Pipelines"
  1213. msgstr ""
  1214. #. type: menuentry
  1215. #: ./bashref.texi:596
  1216. msgid "Connecting the input and output of several commands."
  1217. msgstr ""
  1218. #. type: node
  1219. #: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:713
  1220. #, no-wrap
  1221. msgid "Lists"
  1222. msgstr ""
  1223. #. type: menuentry
  1224. #: ./bashref.texi:596
  1225. msgid "How to execute commands sequentially."
  1226. msgstr ""
  1227. #. type: subsection
  1228. #: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:770 ./bashref.texi:771
  1229. #, no-wrap
  1230. msgid "Compound Commands"
  1231. msgstr ""
  1232. #. type: menuentry
  1233. #: ./bashref.texi:596
  1234. msgid "Shell commands for control flow."
  1235. msgstr ""
  1236. #. type: subsection
  1237. #: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:1221 ./bashref.texi:1222
  1238. #, no-wrap
  1239. msgid "Coprocesses"
  1240. msgstr ""
  1241. #. type: menuentry
  1242. #: ./bashref.texi:596
  1243. msgid "Two-way communication between commands."
  1244. msgstr ""
  1245. #. type: subsection
  1246. #: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:1268 ./bashref.texi:1269
  1247. #, no-wrap
  1248. msgid "GNU Parallel"
  1249. msgstr ""
  1250. #. type: menuentry
  1251. #: ./bashref.texi:596
  1252. msgid "Running commands in parallel."
  1253. msgstr ""
  1254. #. type: cindex
  1255. #: ./bashref.texi:600
  1256. #, no-wrap
  1257. msgid "reserved words"
  1258. msgstr ""
  1259. #. type: Plain text
  1260. #: ./bashref.texi:604
  1261. msgid ""
  1262. "Reserved words are words that have special meaning to the shell. They are "
  1263. "used to begin and end the shell's compound commands."
  1264. msgstr ""
  1265. #. type: Plain text
  1266. #: ./bashref.texi:607
  1267. msgid ""
  1268. "The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and the first "
  1269. "word of a command (see below for exceptions):"
  1270. msgstr ""
  1271. #. type: item
  1272. #: ./bashref.texi:609
  1273. #, no-wrap
  1274. msgid "@code{if} @tab @code{then} @tab @code{elif}"
  1275. msgstr ""
  1276. #. type: rwindex
  1277. #: ./bashref.texi:611 ./bashref.texi:879
  1278. #, no-wrap
  1279. msgid "else"
  1280. msgstr ""
  1281. #. type: rwindex
  1282. #: ./bashref.texi:611 ./bashref.texi:881
  1283. #, no-wrap
  1284. msgid "fi"
  1285. msgstr ""
  1286. #. type: multitable
  1287. #: ./bashref.texi:611
  1288. msgid "@code{time}"
  1289. msgstr ""
  1290. #. type: item
  1291. #: ./bashref.texi:611
  1292. #, no-wrap
  1293. msgid "@code{for} @tab @code{in} @tab @code{until}"
  1294. msgstr ""
  1295. #. type: rwindex
  1296. #: ./bashref.texi:613 ./bashref.texi:818 ./bashref.texi:819
  1297. #, no-wrap
  1298. msgid "while"
  1299. msgstr ""
  1300. #. type: rwindex
  1301. #: ./bashref.texi:613 ./bashref.texi:805
  1302. #, no-wrap
  1303. msgid "do"
  1304. msgstr ""
  1305. #. type: multitable
  1306. #: ./bashref.texi:613
  1307. msgid "@code{done}"
  1308. msgstr ""
  1309. #. type: item
  1310. #: ./bashref.texi:613
  1311. #, no-wrap
  1312. msgid "@code{case} @tab @code{esac} @tab @code{coproc}"
  1313. msgstr ""
  1314. #. type: rwindex
  1315. #: ./bashref.texi:615 ./bashref.texi:974 ./bashref.texi:975
  1316. #, no-wrap
  1317. msgid "select"
  1318. msgstr ""
  1319. #. type: multitable
  1320. #: ./bashref.texi:615
  1321. msgid "@code{function}"
  1322. msgstr ""
  1323. #. type: item
  1324. #: ./bashref.texi:615
  1325. #, no-wrap
  1326. msgid "@code{@{} @tab @code{@}} @tab @code{[[} @tab @code{]]} @tab @code{!}"
  1327. msgstr ""
  1328. #. type: Plain text
  1329. #: ./bashref.texi:623
  1330. msgid ""
  1331. "@code{in} is recognized as a reserved word if it is the third word of a "
  1332. "@code{case} or @code{select} command. @code{in} and @code{do} are "
  1333. "recognized as reserved words if they are the third word in a @code{for} "
  1334. "command."
  1335. msgstr ""
  1336. #. type: cindex
  1337. #: ./bashref.texi:626
  1338. #, no-wrap
  1339. msgid "commands, simple"
  1340. msgstr ""
  1341. #. type: Plain text
  1342. #: ./bashref.texi:633
  1343. msgid ""
  1344. "A simple command is the kind of command encountered most often. It's just a "
  1345. "sequence of words separated by @code{blank}s, terminated by one of the "
  1346. "shell's control operators (@pxref{Definitions}). The first word generally "
  1347. "specifies a command to be executed, with the rest of the words being that "
  1348. "command's arguments."
  1349. msgstr ""
  1350. #. type: Plain text
  1351. #: ./bashref.texi:638
  1352. msgid ""
  1353. "The return status (@pxref{Exit Status}) of a simple command is its exit "
  1354. "status as provided by the @sc{posix} 1003.1 @code{waitpid} function, or "
  1355. "128+@var{n} if the command was terminated by signal @var{n}."
  1356. msgstr ""
  1357. #. type: cindex
  1358. #: ./bashref.texi:641
  1359. #, no-wrap
  1360. msgid "pipeline"
  1361. msgstr ""
  1362. #. type: cindex
  1363. #: ./bashref.texi:642
  1364. #, no-wrap
  1365. msgid "commands, pipelines"
  1366. msgstr ""
  1367. #. type: Plain text
  1368. #: ./bashref.texi:646
  1369. msgid ""
  1370. "A @code{pipeline} is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of "
  1371. "the control operators @samp{|} or @samp{|&}."
  1372. msgstr ""
  1373. #. type: rwindex
  1374. #: ./bashref.texi:647
  1375. #, no-wrap
  1376. msgid "time"
  1377. msgstr ""
  1378. #. type: item
  1379. #: ./bashref.texi:648 ./bashref.texi:1768
  1380. #, no-wrap
  1381. msgid "!"
  1382. msgstr ""
  1383. #. type: cindex
  1384. #: ./bashref.texi:649
  1385. #, no-wrap
  1386. msgid "command timing"
  1387. msgstr ""
  1388. #. type: Plain text
  1389. #: ./bashref.texi:651
  1390. msgid "The format for a pipeline is"
  1391. msgstr ""
  1392. #. type: example
  1393. #: ./bashref.texi:653
  1394. #, no-wrap
  1395. msgid "[time [-p]] [!] @var{command1} [ | or |& @var{command2} ] @dots{}\n"
  1396. msgstr ""
  1397. #. type: Plain text
  1398. #: ./bashref.texi:661
  1399. msgid ""
  1400. "The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe to the "
  1401. "input of the next command. That is, each command reads the previous "
  1402. "command's output. This connection is performed before any redirections "
  1403. "specified by the command."
  1404. msgstr ""
  1405. #. type: Plain text
  1406. #: ./bashref.texi:668
  1407. msgid ""
  1408. "If @samp{|&} is used, @var{command1}'s standard error, in addition to its "
  1409. "standard output, is connected to @var{command2}'s standard input through the "
  1410. "pipe; it is shorthand for @code{2>&1 |}. This implicit redirection of the "
  1411. "standard error to the standard output is performed after any redirections "
  1412. "specified by the command."
  1413. msgstr ""
  1414. #. type: Plain text
  1415. #: ./bashref.texi:684
  1416. msgid ""
  1417. "The reserved word @code{time} causes timing statistics to be printed for the "
  1418. "pipeline once it finishes. The statistics currently consist of elapsed "
  1419. "(wall-clock) time and user and system time consumed by the command's "
  1420. "execution. The @option{-p} option changes the output format to that "
  1421. "specified by @sc{posix}. When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash "
  1422. "POSIX Mode}), it does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the "
  1423. "next token begins with a @samp{-}. The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be set "
  1424. "to a format string that specifies how the timing information should be "
  1425. "displayed. @xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of the available "
  1426. "formats. The use of @code{time} as a reserved word permits the timing of "
  1427. "shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external @code{time} "
  1428. "command cannot time these easily."
  1429. msgstr ""
  1430. #. type: Plain text
  1431. #: ./bashref.texi:690
  1432. msgid ""
  1433. "When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), @code{time} "
  1434. "may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the total "
  1435. "user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. The "
  1436. "@env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be used to specify the format of the time "
  1437. "information."
  1438. msgstr ""
  1439. #. type: Plain text
  1440. #: ./bashref.texi:693
  1441. msgid ""
  1442. "If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (@pxref{Lists}), the shell "
  1443. "waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete."
  1444. msgstr ""
  1445. #. type: Plain text
  1446. #: ./bashref.texi:699
  1447. msgid ""
  1448. "Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell, which is a "
  1449. "separate process (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}). If the "
  1450. "@code{lastpipe} option is enabled using the @code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{The "
  1451. "Shopt Builtin}), the last element of a pipeline may be run by the shell "
  1452. "process."
  1453. msgstr ""
  1454. #. type: Plain text
  1455. #: ./bashref.texi:712
  1456. msgid ""
  1457. "The exit status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the "
  1458. "pipeline, unless the @code{pipefail} option is enabled (@pxref{The Set "
  1459. "Builtin}). If @code{pipefail} is enabled, the pipeline's return status is "
  1460. "the value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or "
  1461. "zero if all commands exit successfully. If the reserved word @samp{!} "
  1462. "precedes the pipeline, the exit status is the logical negation of the exit "
  1463. "status as described above. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline "
  1464. "to terminate before returning a value."
  1465. msgstr ""
  1466. #. type: subsection
  1467. #: ./bashref.texi:714
  1468. #, no-wrap
  1469. msgid "Lists of Commands"
  1470. msgstr ""
  1471. #. type: cindex
  1472. #: ./bashref.texi:715
  1473. #, no-wrap
  1474. msgid "commands, lists"
  1475. msgstr ""
  1476. #. type: Plain text
  1477. #: ./bashref.texi:721
  1478. msgid ""
  1479. "A @code{list} is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the "
  1480. "operators @samp{;}, @samp{&}, @samp{&&}, or @samp{||}, and optionally "
  1481. "terminated by one of @samp{;}, @samp{&}, or a @code{newline}."
  1482. msgstr ""
  1483. #. type: Plain text
  1484. #: ./bashref.texi:725
  1485. msgid ""
  1486. "Of these list operators, @samp{&&} and @samp{||} have equal precedence, "
  1487. "followed by @samp{;} and @samp{&}, which have equal precedence."
  1488. msgstr ""
  1489. #. type: Plain text
  1490. #: ./bashref.texi:728
  1491. msgid ""
  1492. "A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a @code{list} to delimit "
  1493. "commands, equivalent to a semicolon."
  1494. msgstr ""
  1495. #. type: Plain text
  1496. #: ./bashref.texi:738
  1497. msgid ""
  1498. "If a command is terminated by the control operator @samp{&}, the shell "
  1499. "executes the command asynchronously in a subshell. This is known as "
  1500. "executing the command in the @var{background}, and these are referred to as "
  1501. "@var{asynchronous} commands. The shell does not wait for the command to "
  1502. "finish, and the return status is 0 (true). When job control is not active "
  1503. "(@pxref{Job Control}), the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the "
  1504. "absence of any explicit redirections, is redirected from @code{/dev/null}."
  1505. msgstr ""
  1506. #. type: Plain text
  1507. #: ./bashref.texi:742
  1508. msgid ""
  1509. "Commands separated by a @samp{;} are executed sequentially; the shell waits "
  1510. "for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit status "
  1511. "of the last command executed."
  1512. msgstr ""
  1513. #. type: Plain text
  1514. #: ./bashref.texi:747
  1515. msgid ""
  1516. "@sc{and} and @sc{or} lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated "
  1517. "by the control operators @samp{&&} and @samp{||}, respectively. @sc{and} "
  1518. "and @sc{or} lists are executed with left associativity."
  1519. msgstr ""
  1520. #. type: Plain text
  1521. #: ./bashref.texi:749
  1522. msgid "An @sc{and} list has the form"
  1523. msgstr ""
  1524. #. type: example
  1525. #: ./bashref.texi:751
  1526. #, no-wrap
  1527. msgid "@var{command1} && @var{command2}\n"
  1528. msgstr ""
  1529. #. type: Plain text
  1530. #: ./bashref.texi:756
  1531. msgid ""
  1532. "@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1} returns an exit "
  1533. "status of zero (success)."
  1534. msgstr ""
  1535. #. type: Plain text
  1536. #: ./bashref.texi:758
  1537. msgid "An @sc{or} list has the form"
  1538. msgstr ""
  1539. #. type: example
  1540. #: ./bashref.texi:760
  1541. #, no-wrap
  1542. msgid "@var{command1} || @var{command2}\n"
  1543. msgstr ""
  1544. #. type: Plain text
  1545. #: ./bashref.texi:765
  1546. msgid ""
  1547. "@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1} returns a "
  1548. "non-zero exit status."
  1549. msgstr ""
  1550. #. type: Plain text
  1551. #: ./bashref.texi:769
  1552. msgid ""
  1553. "The return status of @sc{and} and @sc{or} lists is the exit status of the "
  1554. "last command executed in the list."
  1555. msgstr ""
  1556. #. type: cindex
  1557. #: ./bashref.texi:772
  1558. #, no-wrap
  1559. msgid "commands, compound"
  1560. msgstr ""
  1561. #. type: subsubsection
  1562. #: ./bashref.texi:778 ./bashref.texi:793 ./bashref.texi:794
  1563. #, no-wrap
  1564. msgid "Looping Constructs"
  1565. msgstr ""
  1566. #. type: menuentry
  1567. #: ./bashref.texi:778
  1568. msgid "Shell commands for iterative action."
  1569. msgstr ""
  1570. #. type: subsubsection
  1571. #: ./bashref.texi:778 ./bashref.texi:871 ./bashref.texi:872
  1572. #, no-wrap
  1573. msgid "Conditional Constructs"
  1574. msgstr ""
  1575. #. type: menuentry
  1576. #: ./bashref.texi:778
  1577. msgid "Shell commands for conditional execution."
  1578. msgstr ""
  1579. #. type: node
  1580. #: ./bashref.texi:778 ./bashref.texi:1177
  1581. #, no-wrap
  1582. msgid "Command Grouping"
  1583. msgstr ""
  1584. #. type: menuentry
  1585. #: ./bashref.texi:778
  1586. msgid "Ways to group commands."
  1587. msgstr ""
  1588. #. type: Plain text
  1589. #: ./bashref.texi:785
  1590. msgid ""
  1591. "Compound commands are the shell programming language constructs. Each "
  1592. "construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is terminated "
  1593. "by a corresponding reserved word or operator. Any redirections "
  1594. "(@pxref{Redirections}) associated with a compound command apply to all "
  1595. "commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden."
  1596. msgstr ""
  1597. #. type: Plain text
  1598. #: ./bashref.texi:789
  1599. msgid ""
  1600. "In most cases a list of commands in a compound command's description may be "
  1601. "separated from the rest of the command by one or more newlines, and may be "
  1602. "followed by a newline in place of a semicolon."
  1603. msgstr ""
  1604. #. type: Plain text
  1605. #: ./bashref.texi:792
  1606. msgid ""
  1607. "Bash provides looping constructs, conditional commands, and mechanisms to "
  1608. "group commands and execute them as a unit."
  1609. msgstr ""
  1610. #. type: cindex
  1611. #: ./bashref.texi:795
  1612. #, no-wrap
  1613. msgid "commands, looping"
  1614. msgstr ""
  1615. #. type: Plain text
  1616. #: ./bashref.texi:798
  1617. msgid "Bash supports the following looping constructs."
  1618. msgstr ""
  1619. #. type: Plain text
  1620. #: ./bashref.texi:801
  1621. msgid ""
  1622. "Note that wherever a @samp{;} appears in the description of a command's "
  1623. "syntax, it may be replaced with one or more newlines."
  1624. msgstr ""
  1625. #. type: rwindex
  1626. #: ./bashref.texi:803 ./bashref.texi:804
  1627. #, no-wrap
  1628. msgid "until"
  1629. msgstr ""
  1630. #. type: rwindex
  1631. #: ./bashref.texi:806
  1632. #, no-wrap
  1633. msgid "done"
  1634. msgstr ""
  1635. #. type: table
  1636. #: ./bashref.texi:808
  1637. msgid "The syntax of the @code{until} command is:"
  1638. msgstr ""
  1639. #. type: example
  1640. #: ./bashref.texi:811
  1641. #, no-wrap
  1642. msgid "until @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done\n"
  1643. msgstr ""
  1644. #. type: table
  1645. #: ./bashref.texi:817
  1646. msgid ""
  1647. "Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as @var{test-commands} has an exit "
  1648. "status which is not zero. The return status is the exit status of the last "
  1649. "command executed in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed."
  1650. msgstr ""
  1651. #. type: table
  1652. #: ./bashref.texi:821
  1653. msgid "The syntax of the @code{while} command is:"
  1654. msgstr ""
  1655. #. type: example
  1656. #: ./bashref.texi:824
  1657. #, no-wrap
  1658. msgid "while @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done\n"
  1659. msgstr ""
  1660. #. type: table
  1661. #: ./bashref.texi:830
  1662. msgid ""
  1663. "Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as @var{test-commands} has an exit "
  1664. "status of zero. The return status is the exit status of the last command "
  1665. "executed in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed."
  1666. msgstr ""
  1667. #. type: rwindex
  1668. #: ./bashref.texi:831 ./bashref.texi:832
  1669. #, no-wrap
  1670. msgid "for"
  1671. msgstr ""
  1672. #. type: table
  1673. #: ./bashref.texi:834
  1674. msgid "The syntax of the @code{for} command is:"
  1675. msgstr ""
  1676. #. type: example
  1677. #: ./bashref.texi:837
  1678. #, no-wrap
  1679. msgid "for @var{name} [ [in [@var{words} @dots{}] ] ; ] do @var{commands}; done\n"
  1680. msgstr ""
  1681. #. type: table
  1682. #: ./bashref.texi:846
  1683. msgid ""
  1684. "Expand @var{words} (@pxref{Shell Expansions}), and execute @var{commands} "
  1685. "once for each member in the resultant list, with @var{name} bound to the "
  1686. "current member. If @samp{in @var{words}} is not present, the @code{for} "
  1687. "command executes the @var{commands} once for each positional parameter that "
  1688. "is set, as if @samp{in \"$@@\"} had been specified (@pxref{Special "
  1689. "Parameters})."
  1690. msgstr ""
  1691. #. type: table
  1692. #: ./bashref.texi:850
  1693. msgid ""
  1694. "The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes. If "
  1695. "there are no items in the expansion of @var{words}, no commands are "
  1696. "executed, and the return status is zero."
  1697. msgstr ""
  1698. #. type: table
  1699. #: ./bashref.texi:852
  1700. msgid "An alternate form of the @code{for} command is also supported:"
  1701. msgstr ""
  1702. #. type: example
  1703. #: ./bashref.texi:855
  1704. #, no-wrap
  1705. msgid ""
  1706. "for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} )) ; do @var{commands} ; "
  1707. "done\n"
  1708. msgstr ""
  1709. #. type: table
  1710. #: ./bashref.texi:866
  1711. msgid ""
  1712. "First, the arithmetic expression @var{expr1} is evaluated according to the "
  1713. "rules described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}). The arithmetic expression "
  1714. "@var{expr2} is then evaluated repeatedly until it evaluates to zero. Each "
  1715. "time @var{expr2} evaluates to a non-zero value, @var{commands} are executed "
  1716. "and the arithmetic expression @var{expr3} is evaluated. If any expression "
  1717. "is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. The return value is the "
  1718. "exit status of the last command in @var{commands} that is executed, or false "
  1719. "if any of the expressions is invalid."
  1720. msgstr ""
  1721. #. type: Plain text
  1722. #: ./bashref.texi:870
  1723. msgid ""
  1724. "The @code{break} and @code{continue} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell "
  1725. "Builtins}) may be used to control loop execution."
  1726. msgstr ""
  1727. #. type: cindex
  1728. #: ./bashref.texi:873
  1729. #, no-wrap
  1730. msgid "commands, conditional"
  1731. msgstr ""
  1732. #. type: rwindex
  1733. #: ./bashref.texi:876 ./bashref.texi:877
  1734. #, no-wrap
  1735. msgid "if"
  1736. msgstr ""
  1737. #. type: rwindex
  1738. #: ./bashref.texi:878
  1739. #, no-wrap
  1740. msgid "then"
  1741. msgstr ""
  1742. #. type: rwindex
  1743. #: ./bashref.texi:880
  1744. #, no-wrap
  1745. msgid "elif"
  1746. msgstr ""
  1747. #. type: table
  1748. #: ./bashref.texi:883
  1749. msgid "The syntax of the @code{if} command is:"
  1750. msgstr ""
  1751. #. type: example
  1752. #: ./bashref.texi:891
  1753. #, no-wrap
  1754. msgid ""
  1755. "if @var{test-commands}; then\n"
  1756. " @var{consequent-commands};\n"
  1757. "[elif @var{more-test-commands}; then\n"
  1758. " @var{more-consequents};]\n"
  1759. "[else @var{alternate-consequents};]\n"
  1760. "fi\n"
  1761. msgstr ""
  1762. #. type: table
  1763. #: ./bashref.texi:904
  1764. msgid ""
  1765. "The @var{test-commands} list is executed, and if its return status is zero, "
  1766. "the @var{consequent-commands} list is executed. If @var{test-commands} "
  1767. "returns a non-zero status, each @code{elif} list is executed in turn, and if "
  1768. "its exit status is zero, the corresponding @var{more-consequents} is "
  1769. "executed and the command completes. If @samp{else "
  1770. "@var{alternate-consequents}} is present, and the final command in the final "
  1771. "@code{if} or @code{elif} clause has a non-zero exit status, then "
  1772. "@var{alternate-consequents} is executed. The return status is the exit "
  1773. "status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true."
  1774. msgstr ""
  1775. #. type: rwindex
  1776. #: ./bashref.texi:905 ./bashref.texi:906
  1777. #, no-wrap
  1778. msgid "case"
  1779. msgstr ""
  1780. #. type: rwindex
  1781. #: ./bashref.texi:907
  1782. #, no-wrap
  1783. msgid "in"
  1784. msgstr ""
  1785. #. type: rwindex
  1786. #: ./bashref.texi:908
  1787. #, no-wrap
  1788. msgid "esac"
  1789. msgstr ""
  1790. #. type: table
  1791. #: ./bashref.texi:910
  1792. msgid "The syntax of the @code{case} command is:"
  1793. msgstr ""
  1794. #. type: example
  1795. #: ./bashref.texi:915
  1796. #, no-wrap
  1797. msgid ""
  1798. "case @var{word} in\n"
  1799. " [ [(] @var{pattern} [| @var{pattern}]@dots{}) @var{command-list} "
  1800. ";;]@dots{}\n"
  1801. "esac\n"
  1802. msgstr ""
  1803. #. type: table
  1804. #: ./bashref.texi:929
  1805. msgid ""
  1806. "@code{case} will selectively execute the @var{command-list} corresponding to "
  1807. "the first @var{pattern} that matches @var{word}. The match is performed "
  1808. "according to the rules described below in @ref{Pattern Matching}. If the "
  1809. "@code{nocasematch} shell option (see the description of @code{shopt} in "
  1810. "@ref{The Shopt Builtin}) is enabled, the match is performed without regard "
  1811. "to the case of alphabetic characters. The @samp{|} is used to separate "
  1812. "multiple patterns, and the @samp{)} operator terminates a pattern list. A "
  1813. "list of patterns and an associated command-list is known as a @var{clause}."
  1814. msgstr ""
  1815. #. type: table
  1816. #: ./bashref.texi:937
  1817. msgid ""
  1818. "Each clause must be terminated with @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}. "
  1819. "The @var{word} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command "
  1820. "substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (@pxref{Shell "
  1821. "Parameter Expansion}) before matching is attempted. Each @var{pattern} "
  1822. "undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and "
  1823. "arithmetic expansion."
  1824. msgstr ""
  1825. #. type: table
  1826. #: ./bashref.texi:944
  1827. msgid ""
  1828. "There may be an arbitrary number of @code{case} clauses, each terminated by "
  1829. "a @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}. The first pattern that matches "
  1830. "determines the command-list that is executed. It's a common idiom to use "
  1831. "@samp{*} as the final pattern to define the default case, since that pattern "
  1832. "will always match."
  1833. msgstr ""
  1834. #. type: table
  1835. #: ./bashref.texi:947
  1836. msgid ""
  1837. "Here is an example using @code{case} in a script that could be used to "
  1838. "describe one interesting feature of an animal:"
  1839. msgstr ""
  1840. #. type: example
  1841. #: ./bashref.texi:958
  1842. #, no-wrap
  1843. msgid ""
  1844. "echo -n \"Enter the name of an animal: \"\n"
  1845. "read ANIMAL\n"
  1846. "echo -n \"The $ANIMAL has \"\n"
  1847. "case $ANIMAL in\n"
  1848. " horse | dog | cat) echo -n \"four\";;\n"
  1849. " man | kangaroo ) echo -n \"two\";;\n"
  1850. " *) echo -n \"an unknown number of\";;\n"
  1851. "esac\n"
  1852. "echo \" legs.\"\n"
  1853. msgstr ""
  1854. #. type: table
  1855. #: ./bashref.texi:970
  1856. msgid ""
  1857. "If the @samp{;;} operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after "
  1858. "the first pattern match. Using @samp{;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes "
  1859. "execution to continue with the @var{command-list} associated with the next "
  1860. "clause, if any. Using @samp{;;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes the shell to "
  1861. "test the patterns in the next clause, if any, and execute any associated "
  1862. "@var{command-list} on a successful match, continuing the case statement "
  1863. "execution as if the pattern list had not matched."
  1864. msgstr ""
  1865. #. type: table
  1866. #: ./bashref.texi:973
  1867. msgid ""
  1868. "The return status is zero if no @var{pattern} is matched. Otherwise, the "
  1869. "return status is the exit status of the @var{command-list} executed."
  1870. msgstr ""
  1871. #. type: table
  1872. #: ./bashref.texi:979
  1873. msgid ""
  1874. "The @code{select} construct allows the easy generation of menus. It has "
  1875. "almost the same syntax as the @code{for} command:"
  1876. msgstr ""
  1877. #. type: example
  1878. #: ./bashref.texi:982
  1879. #, no-wrap
  1880. msgid "select @var{name} [in @var{words} @dots{}]; do @var{commands}; done\n"
  1881. msgstr ""
  1882. #. type: table
  1883. #: ./bashref.texi:997
  1884. msgid ""
  1885. "The list of words following @code{in} is expanded, generating a list of "
  1886. "items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error output "
  1887. "stream, each preceded by a number. If the @samp{in @var{words}} is omitted, "
  1888. "the positional parameters are printed, as if @samp{in \"$@@\"} had been "
  1889. "specified. The @env{PS3} prompt is then displayed and a line is read from "
  1890. "the standard input. If the line consists of a number corresponding to one "
  1891. "of the displayed words, then the value of @var{name} is set to that word. "
  1892. "If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again. If "
  1893. "@code{EOF} is read, the @code{select} command completes. Any other value "
  1894. "read causes @var{name} to be set to null. The line read is saved in the "
  1895. "variable @env{REPLY}."
  1896. msgstr ""
  1897. #. type: table
  1898. #: ./bashref.texi:1001
  1899. msgid ""
  1900. "The @var{commands} are executed after each selection until a @code{break} "
  1901. "command is executed, at which point the @code{select} command completes."
  1902. msgstr ""
  1903. #. type: table
  1904. #: ./bashref.texi:1005
  1905. msgid ""
  1906. "Here is an example that allows the user to pick a filename from the current "
  1907. "directory, and displays the name and index of the file selected."
  1908. msgstr ""
  1909. #. type: example
  1910. #: ./bashref.texi:1012
  1911. #, no-wrap
  1912. msgid ""
  1913. "select fname in *;\n"
  1914. "do\n"
  1915. "\techo you picked $fname \\($REPLY\\)\n"
  1916. "\tbreak;\n"
  1917. "done\n"
  1918. msgstr ""
  1919. #. type: item
  1920. #: ./bashref.texi:1014
  1921. #, no-wrap
  1922. msgid "((@dots{}))"
  1923. msgstr ""
  1924. #. type: example
  1925. #: ./bashref.texi:1017
  1926. #, no-wrap
  1927. msgid "(( @var{expression} ))\n"
  1928. msgstr ""
  1929. #. type: table
  1930. #: ./bashref.texi:1023
  1931. msgid ""
  1932. "The arithmetic @var{expression} is evaluated according to the rules "
  1933. "described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}). If the value of the expression "
  1934. "is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status is 1. This "
  1935. "is exactly equivalent to"
  1936. msgstr ""
  1937. #. type: example
  1938. #: ./bashref.texi:1025
  1939. #, no-wrap
  1940. msgid "let \"@var{expression}\"\n"
  1941. msgstr ""
  1942. #. type: table
  1943. #: ./bashref.texi:1028
  1944. msgid "@xref{Bash Builtins}, for a full description of the @code{let} builtin."
  1945. msgstr ""
  1946. #. type: item
  1947. #: ./bashref.texi:1029
  1948. #, no-wrap
  1949. msgid "[[@dots{}]]"
  1950. msgstr ""
  1951. #. type: rwindex
  1952. #: ./bashref.texi:1030
  1953. #, no-wrap
  1954. msgid "[["
  1955. msgstr ""
  1956. #. type: rwindex
  1957. #: ./bashref.texi:1031
  1958. #, no-wrap
  1959. msgid "]]"
  1960. msgstr ""
  1961. #. type: example
  1962. #: ./bashref.texi:1034
  1963. #, no-wrap
  1964. msgid "[[ @var{expression} ]]\n"
  1965. msgstr ""
  1966. #. type: table
  1967. #: ./bashref.texi:1046
  1968. msgid ""
  1969. "Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional "
  1970. "expression @var{expression}. Expressions are composed of the primaries "
  1971. "described below in @ref{Bash Conditional Expressions}. Word splitting and "
  1972. "filename expansion are not performed on the words between the @code{[[} and "
  1973. "@code{]]}; tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic "
  1974. "expansion, command substitution, process substitution, and quote removal are "
  1975. "performed. Conditional operators such as @samp{-f} must be unquoted to be "
  1976. "recognized as primaries."
  1977. msgstr ""
  1978. #. type: table
  1979. #: ./bashref.texi:1049
  1980. msgid ""
  1981. "When used with @code{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort "
  1982. "lexicographically using the current locale."
  1983. msgstr ""
  1984. #. type: table
  1985. #: ./bashref.texi:1063
  1986. msgid ""
  1987. "When the @samp{==} and @samp{!=} operators are used, the string to the right "
  1988. "of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to the rules "
  1989. "described below in @ref{Pattern Matching}, as if the @code{extglob} shell "
  1990. "option were enabled. The @samp{=} operator is identical to @samp{==}. If "
  1991. "the @code{nocasematch} shell option (see the description of @code{shopt} in "
  1992. "@ref{The Shopt Builtin}) is enabled, the match is performed without regard "
  1993. "to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value is 0 if the string "
  1994. "matches (@samp{==}) or does not match (@samp{!=}) the pattern, and 1 "
  1995. "otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted "
  1996. "portion to be matched as a string."
  1997. msgstr ""
  1998. #. type: table
  1999. #: ./bashref.texi:1084
  2000. msgid ""
  2001. "An additional binary operator, @samp{=~}, is available, with the same "
  2002. "precedence as @samp{==} and @samp{!=}. When it is used, the string to the "
  2003. "right of the operator is considered a @sc{posix} extended regular expression "
  2004. "and matched accordingly (using the @sc{posix} @code{regcomp} and "
  2005. "@code{regexec} interfaces usually described in @i{regex}(3)). The return "
  2006. "value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the "
  2007. "regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional expression's "
  2008. "return value is 2. If the @code{nocasematch} shell option (see the "
  2009. "description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin}) is enabled, the "
  2010. "match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. Any "
  2011. "part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched "
  2012. "as a string. Bracket expressions in regular expressions must be treated "
  2013. "carefully, since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between "
  2014. "brackets. If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the "
  2015. "variable expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string."
  2016. msgstr ""
  2017. #. type: table
  2018. #: ./bashref.texi:1096
  2019. msgid ""
  2020. "The pattern will match if it matches any part of the string. Anchor the "
  2021. "pattern using the @samp{^} and @samp{$} regular expression operators to "
  2022. "force it to match the entire string. The array variable @code{BASH_REMATCH} "
  2023. "records which parts of the string matched the pattern. The element of "
  2024. "@code{BASH_REMATCH} with index 0 contains the portion of the string matching "
  2025. "the entire regular expression. Substrings matched by parenthesized "
  2026. "subexpressions within the regular expression are saved in the remaining "
  2027. "@code{BASH_REMATCH} indices. The element of @code{BASH_REMATCH} with index "
  2028. "@var{n} is the portion of the string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized "
  2029. "subexpression."
  2030. msgstr ""
  2031. #. type: table
  2032. #: ./bashref.texi:1103
  2033. msgid ""
  2034. "For example, the following will match a line (stored in the shell variable "
  2035. "@var{line}) if there is a sequence of characters anywhere in the value "
  2036. "consisting of any number, including zero, of characters in the @code{space} "
  2037. "character class, zero or one instances of @samp{a}, then a @samp{b}:"
  2038. msgstr ""
  2039. #. type: example
  2040. #: ./bashref.texi:1105
  2041. #, no-wrap
  2042. msgid "[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]]\n"
  2043. msgstr ""
  2044. #. type: table
  2045. #: ./bashref.texi:1110
  2046. msgid ""
  2047. "That means values like @samp{aab} and @samp{ aaaaaab} will match, as will a "
  2048. "line containing a @samp{b} anywhere in its value."
  2049. msgstr ""
  2050. #. type: table
  2051. #: ./bashref.texi:1119
  2052. msgid ""
  2053. "Storing the regular expression in a shell variable is often a useful way to "
  2054. "avoid problems with quoting characters that are special to the shell. It is "
  2055. "sometimes difficult to specify a regular expression literally without using "
  2056. "quotes, or to keep track of the quoting used by regular expressions while "
  2057. "paying attention to the shell's quote removal. Using a shell variable to "
  2058. "store the pattern decreases these problems. For example, the following is "
  2059. "equivalent to the above:"
  2060. msgstr ""
  2061. #. type: example
  2062. #: ./bashref.texi:1122
  2063. #, no-wrap
  2064. msgid ""
  2065. "pattern='[[:space:]]*(a)?b'\n"
  2066. "[[ $line =~ $pattern ]]\n"
  2067. msgstr ""
  2068. #. type: table
  2069. #: ./bashref.texi:1134
  2070. msgid ""
  2071. "If you want to match a character that's special to the regular expression "
  2072. "grammar, it has to be quoted to remove its special meaning. This means that "
  2073. "in the pattern @samp{xxx.txt}, the @samp{.} matches any character in the "
  2074. "string (its usual regular expression meaning), but in the pattern "
  2075. "@samp{\"xxx.txt\"} it can only match a literal @samp{.}. Shell programmers "
  2076. "should take special care with backslashes, since backslashes are used both "
  2077. "by the shell and regular expressions to remove the special meaning from the "
  2078. "following character. The following two sets of commands are @emph{not} "
  2079. "equivalent:"
  2080. msgstr ""
  2081. #. type: example
  2082. #: ./bashref.texi:1136
  2083. #, no-wrap
  2084. msgid ""
  2085. "pattern='\\.'\n"
  2086. "\n"
  2087. msgstr ""
  2088. #. type: example
  2089. #: ./bashref.texi:1139
  2090. #, no-wrap
  2091. msgid ""
  2092. "[[ . =~ $pattern ]]\n"
  2093. "[[ . =~ \\. ]]\n"
  2094. "\n"
  2095. msgstr ""
  2096. #. type: example
  2097. #: ./bashref.texi:1142
  2098. #, no-wrap
  2099. msgid ""
  2100. "[[ . =~ \"$pattern\" ]]\n"
  2101. "[[ . =~ '\\.' ]]\n"
  2102. msgstr ""
  2103. #. type: table
  2104. #: ./bashref.texi:1152
  2105. msgid ""
  2106. "The first two matches will succeed, but the second two will not, because in "
  2107. "the second two the backslash will be part of the pattern to be matched. In "
  2108. "the first two examples, the backslash removes the special meaning from "
  2109. "@samp{.}, so the literal @samp{.} matches. If the string in the first "
  2110. "examples were anything other than @samp{.}, say @samp{a}, the pattern would "
  2111. "not match, because the quoted @samp{.} in the pattern loses its special "
  2112. "meaning of matching any single character."
  2113. msgstr ""
  2114. #. type: table
  2115. #: ./bashref.texi:1155
  2116. msgid ""
  2117. "Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in "
  2118. "decreasing order of precedence:"
  2119. msgstr ""
  2120. #. type: item
  2121. #: ./bashref.texi:1157
  2122. #, no-wrap
  2123. msgid "( @var{expression} )"
  2124. msgstr ""
  2125. #. type: table
  2126. #: ./bashref.texi:1160
  2127. msgid ""
  2128. "Returns the value of @var{expression}. This may be used to override the "
  2129. "normal precedence of operators."
  2130. msgstr ""
  2131. #. type: item
  2132. #: ./bashref.texi:1161
  2133. #, no-wrap
  2134. msgid "! @var{expression}"
  2135. msgstr ""
  2136. #. type: table
  2137. #: ./bashref.texi:1163
  2138. msgid "True if @var{expression} is false."
  2139. msgstr ""
  2140. #. type: item
  2141. #: ./bashref.texi:1164
  2142. #, no-wrap
  2143. msgid "@var{expression1} && @var{expression2}"
  2144. msgstr ""
  2145. #. type: table
  2146. #: ./bashref.texi:1166
  2147. msgid "True if both @var{expression1} and @var{expression2} are true."
  2148. msgstr ""
  2149. #. type: item
  2150. #: ./bashref.texi:1167
  2151. #, no-wrap
  2152. msgid "@var{expression1} || @var{expression2}"
  2153. msgstr ""
  2154. #. type: table
  2155. #: ./bashref.texi:1169
  2156. msgid "True if either @var{expression1} or @var{expression2} is true."
  2157. msgstr ""
  2158. #. type: table
  2159. #: ./bashref.texi:1175
  2160. msgid ""
  2161. "The @code{&&} and @code{||} operators do not evaluate @var{expression2} if "
  2162. "the value of @var{expression1} is sufficient to determine the return value "
  2163. "of the entire conditional expression."
  2164. msgstr ""
  2165. #. type: subsubsection
  2166. #: ./bashref.texi:1178
  2167. #, no-wrap
  2168. msgid "Grouping Commands"
  2169. msgstr ""
  2170. #. type: cindex
  2171. #: ./bashref.texi:1179
  2172. #, no-wrap
  2173. msgid "commands, grouping"
  2174. msgstr ""
  2175. #. type: Plain text
  2176. #: ./bashref.texi:1185
  2177. msgid ""
  2178. "Bash provides two ways to group a list of commands to be executed as a "
  2179. "unit. When commands are grouped, redirections may be applied to the entire "
  2180. "command list. For example, the output of all the commands in the list may "
  2181. "be redirected to a single stream."
  2182. msgstr ""
  2183. #. type: item
  2184. #: ./bashref.texi:1187
  2185. #, no-wrap
  2186. msgid "()"
  2187. msgstr ""
  2188. #. type: example
  2189. #: ./bashref.texi:1190
  2190. #, no-wrap
  2191. msgid "( @var{list} )\n"
  2192. msgstr ""
  2193. #. type: table
  2194. #: ./bashref.texi:1197
  2195. msgid ""
  2196. "Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell environment "
  2197. "to be created (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and each of the "
  2198. "commands in @var{list} to be executed in that subshell. Since the "
  2199. "@var{list} is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in "
  2200. "effect after the subshell completes."
  2201. msgstr ""
  2202. #. type: item
  2203. #: ./bashref.texi:1198
  2204. #, no-wrap
  2205. msgid "@{@}"
  2206. msgstr ""
  2207. #. type: rwindex
  2208. #: ./bashref.texi:1199
  2209. #, no-wrap
  2210. msgid "@{"
  2211. msgstr ""
  2212. #. type: rwindex
  2213. #: ./bashref.texi:1200
  2214. #, no-wrap
  2215. msgid "@}"
  2216. msgstr ""
  2217. #. type: example
  2218. #: ./bashref.texi:1203
  2219. #, no-wrap
  2220. msgid "@{ @var{list}; @}\n"
  2221. msgstr ""
  2222. #. type: table
  2223. #: ./bashref.texi:1208
  2224. msgid ""
  2225. "Placing a list of commands between curly braces causes the list to be "
  2226. "executed in the current shell context. No subshell is created. The "
  2227. "semicolon (or newline) following @var{list} is required."
  2228. msgstr ""
  2229. #. type: Plain text
  2230. #: ./bashref.texi:1217
  2231. msgid ""
  2232. "In addition to the creation of a subshell, there is a subtle difference "
  2233. "between these two constructs due to historical reasons. The braces are "
  2234. "@code{reserved words}, so they must be separated from the @var{list} by "
  2235. "@code{blank}s or other shell metacharacters. The parentheses are "
  2236. "@code{operators}, and are recognized as separate tokens by the shell even if "
  2237. "they are not separated from the @var{list} by whitespace."
  2238. msgstr ""
  2239. #. type: Plain text
  2240. #: ./bashref.texi:1220
  2241. msgid ""
  2242. "The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of "
  2243. "@var{list}."
  2244. msgstr ""
  2245. #. type: cindex
  2246. #: ./bashref.texi:1223
  2247. #, no-wrap
  2248. msgid "coprocess"
  2249. msgstr ""
  2250. #. type: Plain text
  2251. #: ./bashref.texi:1230
  2252. msgid ""
  2253. "A @code{coprocess} is a shell command preceded by the @code{coproc} reserved "
  2254. "word. A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the "
  2255. "command had been terminated with the @samp{&} control operator, with a "
  2256. "two-way pipe established between the executing shell and the coprocess."
  2257. msgstr ""
  2258. #. type: Plain text
  2259. #: ./bashref.texi:1232
  2260. msgid "The format for a coprocess is:"
  2261. msgstr ""
  2262. #. type: example
  2263. #: ./bashref.texi:1234
  2264. #, no-wrap
  2265. msgid "coproc [@var{NAME}] @var{command} [@var{redirections}]\n"
  2266. msgstr ""
  2267. #. type: Plain text
  2268. #: ./bashref.texi:1242
  2269. msgid ""
  2270. "This creates a coprocess named @var{NAME}. If @var{NAME} is not supplied, "
  2271. "the default name is @var{COPROC}. @var{NAME} must not be supplied if "
  2272. "@var{command} is a simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}); otherwise, it "
  2273. "is interpreted as the first word of the simple command."
  2274. msgstr ""
  2275. #. type: Plain text
  2276. #: ./bashref.texi:1258
  2277. msgid ""
  2278. "When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable "
  2279. "(@pxref{Arrays}) named @env{NAME} in the context of the executing shell. "
  2280. "The standard output of @var{command} is connected via a pipe to a file "
  2281. "descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to "
  2282. "@env{NAME}[0]. The standard input of @var{command} is connected via a pipe "
  2283. "to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is "
  2284. "assigned to @env{NAME}[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections "
  2285. "specified by the command (@pxref{Redirections}). The file descriptors can "
  2286. "be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard "
  2287. "word expansions. Other than those created to execute command and process "
  2288. "substitutions, the file descriptors are not available in subshells."
  2289. msgstr ""
  2290. #. type: Plain text
  2291. #: ./bashref.texi:1263
  2292. msgid ""
  2293. "The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as "
  2294. "the value of the variable @env{NAME}_PID. The @code{wait} builtin command "
  2295. "may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate."
  2296. msgstr ""
  2297. #. type: Plain text
  2298. #: ./bashref.texi:1267
  2299. msgid ""
  2300. "Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the @code{coproc} "
  2301. "command always returns success. The return status of a coprocess is the "
  2302. "exit status of @var{command}."
  2303. msgstr ""
  2304. #. type: Plain text
  2305. #: ./bashref.texi:1273
  2306. msgid ""
  2307. "There are ways to run commands in parallel that are not built into Bash. "
  2308. "GNU Parallel is a tool to do just that."
  2309. msgstr ""
  2310. #. type: Plain text
  2311. #: ./bashref.texi:1281
  2312. msgid ""
  2313. "GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run commands in "
  2314. "parallel. You may run the same command with different arguments, whether "
  2315. "they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files. GNU "
  2316. "Parallel provides shorthand references to many of the most common operations "
  2317. "(input lines, various portions of the input line, different ways to specify "
  2318. "the input source, and so on). Parallel can replace @code{xargs} or feed "
  2319. "commands from its input sources to several different instances of Bash."
  2320. msgstr ""
  2321. #. type: Plain text
  2322. #: ./bashref.texi:1284
  2323. msgid ""
  2324. "For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation. A few "
  2325. "examples should provide a brief introduction to its use."
  2326. msgstr ""
  2327. #. type: Plain text
  2328. #: ./bashref.texi:1287
  2329. msgid ""
  2330. "For example, it is easy to replace @code{xargs} to gzip all html files in "
  2331. "the current directory and its subdirectories:"
  2332. msgstr ""
  2333. #. type: example
  2334. #: ./bashref.texi:1289
  2335. #, no-wrap
  2336. msgid "find . -type f -name '*.html' -print | parallel gzip\n"
  2337. msgstr ""
  2338. #. type: Plain text
  2339. #: ./bashref.texi:1293
  2340. msgid ""
  2341. "If you need to protect special characters such as newlines in file names, "
  2342. "use find's @option{-print0} option and parallel's @option{-0} option."
  2343. msgstr ""
  2344. #. type: Plain text
  2345. #: ./bashref.texi:1296
  2346. msgid ""
  2347. "You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when the "
  2348. "number of files is too large to process with one @code{mv} invocation:"
  2349. msgstr ""
  2350. #. type: example
  2351. #: ./bashref.texi:1298
  2352. #, no-wrap
  2353. msgid "printf '%s\\n' * | parallel mv @{@} destdir\n"
  2354. msgstr ""
  2355. #. type: Plain text
  2356. #: ./bashref.texi:1306
  2357. msgid ""
  2358. "As you can see, the @{@} is replaced with each line read from standard "
  2359. "input. While using @code{ls} will work in most instances, it is not "
  2360. "sufficient to deal with all filenames. @code{printf} is a shell builtin, and "
  2361. "therefore is not subject to the kernel's limit on the number of arguments to "
  2362. "a program, so you can use @samp{*} (but see below about the @code{dotglob} "
  2363. "shell option). If you need to accommodate special characters in filenames, "
  2364. "you can use"
  2365. msgstr ""
  2366. #. type: example
  2367. #: ./bashref.texi:1309
  2368. #, no-wrap
  2369. msgid "printf '%s\\0' * | parallel -0 mv @{@} destdir\n"
  2370. msgstr ""
  2371. #. type: Plain text
  2372. #: ./bashref.texi:1313
  2373. msgid "as alluded to above."
  2374. msgstr ""
  2375. #. type: Plain text
  2376. #: ./bashref.texi:1317
  2377. msgid ""
  2378. "This will run as many @code{mv} commands as there are files in the current "
  2379. "directory. You can emulate a parallel @code{xargs} by adding the "
  2380. "@option{-X} option:"
  2381. msgstr ""
  2382. #. type: example
  2383. #: ./bashref.texi:1319
  2384. #, no-wrap
  2385. msgid "printf '%s\\0' * | parallel -0 -X mv @{@} destdir\n"
  2386. msgstr ""
  2387. #. type: Plain text
  2388. #: ./bashref.texi:1323
  2389. msgid ""
  2390. "(You may have to modify the pattern if you have the @code{dotglob} option "
  2391. "enabled.)"
  2392. msgstr ""
  2393. #. type: Plain text
  2394. #: ./bashref.texi:1326
  2395. msgid ""
  2396. "GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines read "
  2397. "from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line):"
  2398. msgstr ""
  2399. #. type: example
  2400. #: ./bashref.texi:1331
  2401. #, no-wrap
  2402. msgid ""
  2403. "\twhile IFS= read -r x; do\n"
  2404. "\t\tdo-something1 \"$x\" \"config-$x\"\n"
  2405. "\t\tdo-something2 < \"$x\"\n"
  2406. "\tdone < file | process-output\n"
  2407. msgstr ""
  2408. #. type: Plain text
  2409. #: ./bashref.texi:1335
  2410. msgid "with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:"
  2411. msgstr ""
  2412. #. type: example
  2413. #: ./bashref.texi:1338
  2414. #, no-wrap
  2415. msgid ""
  2416. "cat list | parallel \"do-something1 @{@} config-@{@} ; do-something2 < "
  2417. "@{@}\" |\n"
  2418. " process-output\n"
  2419. msgstr ""
  2420. #. type: Plain text
  2421. #: ./bashref.texi:1342
  2422. msgid ""
  2423. "Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which "
  2424. "lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming:"
  2425. msgstr ""
  2426. #. type: example
  2427. #: ./bashref.texi:1344
  2428. #, no-wrap
  2429. msgid "ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 \"zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}\"\n"
  2430. msgstr ""
  2431. #. type: Plain text
  2432. #: ./bashref.texi:1352
  2433. msgid ""
  2434. "This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending in "
  2435. ".gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel. (We use "
  2436. "@code{ls} for brevity here; using @code{find} as above is more robust in the "
  2437. "face of filenames containing unexpected characters.) Parallel can take "
  2438. "arguments from the command line; the above can also be written as"
  2439. msgstr ""
  2440. #. type: example
  2441. #: ./bashref.texi:1355
  2442. #, no-wrap
  2443. msgid "parallel \"zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}\" ::: *.gz\n"
  2444. msgstr ""
  2445. #. type: Plain text
  2446. #: ./bashref.texi:1359
  2447. msgid ""
  2448. "If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in "
  2449. "the output. For instance, the following command"
  2450. msgstr ""
  2451. #. type: example
  2452. #: ./bashref.texi:1365
  2453. #, no-wrap
  2454. msgid ""
  2455. "@{\n"
  2456. " echo foss.org.my ;\n"
  2457. " echo debian.org ;\n"
  2458. " echo freenetproject.org ;\n"
  2459. "@} | parallel traceroute\n"
  2460. msgstr ""
  2461. #. type: Plain text
  2462. #: ./bashref.texi:1369
  2463. msgid ""
  2464. "will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. "
  2465. "Adding the @option{-k} option"
  2466. msgstr ""
  2467. #. type: example
  2468. #: ./bashref.texi:1375
  2469. #, no-wrap
  2470. msgid ""
  2471. "@{\n"
  2472. " echo foss.org.my ;\n"
  2473. " echo debian.org ;\n"
  2474. " echo freenetproject.org ;\n"
  2475. "@} | parallel -k traceroute\n"
  2476. msgstr ""
  2477. #. type: Plain text
  2478. #: ./bashref.texi:1378
  2479. msgid ""
  2480. "will ensure that the output of @code{traceroute foss.org.my} is displayed "
  2481. "first."
  2482. msgstr ""
  2483. #. type: Plain text
  2484. #: ./bashref.texi:1385
  2485. msgid ""
  2486. "Finally, Parallel can be used to run a sequence of shell commands in "
  2487. "parallel, similar to @samp{cat file | bash}. It is not uncommon to take a "
  2488. "list of filenames, create a series of shell commands to operate on them, and "
  2489. "feed that list of commands to a shell. Parallel can speed this up. "
  2490. "Assuming that @file{file} contains a list of shell commands, one per line,"
  2491. msgstr ""
  2492. #. type: example
  2493. #: ./bashref.texi:1388
  2494. #, no-wrap
  2495. msgid "parallel -j 10 < file\n"
  2496. msgstr ""
  2497. #. type: Plain text
  2498. #: ./bashref.texi:1393
  2499. msgid ""
  2500. "will evaluate the commands using the shell (since no explicit command is "
  2501. "supplied as an argument), in blocks of ten shell jobs at a time."
  2502. msgstr ""
  2503. #. type: cindex
  2504. #: ./bashref.texi:1396
  2505. #, no-wrap
  2506. msgid "shell function"
  2507. msgstr ""
  2508. #. type: cindex
  2509. #: ./bashref.texi:1397
  2510. #, no-wrap
  2511. msgid "functions, shell"
  2512. msgstr ""
  2513. #. type: Plain text
  2514. #: ./bashref.texi:1406
  2515. msgid ""
  2516. "Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution using a "
  2517. "single name for the group. They are executed just like a \"regular\" "
  2518. "command. When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command "
  2519. "name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. "
  2520. "Shell functions are executed in the current shell context; no new process is "
  2521. "created to interpret them."
  2522. msgstr ""
  2523. #. type: Plain text
  2524. #: ./bashref.texi:1408
  2525. msgid "Functions are declared using this syntax:"
  2526. msgstr ""
  2527. #. type: rwindex
  2528. #: ./bashref.texi:1408
  2529. #, no-wrap
  2530. msgid "function"
  2531. msgstr ""
  2532. #. type: example
  2533. #: ./bashref.texi:1411
  2534. #, no-wrap
  2535. msgid "@var{fname} () @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]\n"
  2536. msgstr ""
  2537. #. type: Plain text
  2538. #: ./bashref.texi:1414 ./bashref.texi:1912 ./bashref.texi:2402 ./bashref.texi:2465
  2539. msgid "or"
  2540. msgstr ""
  2541. #. type: example
  2542. #: ./bashref.texi:1417
  2543. #, no-wrap
  2544. msgid "function @var{fname} [()] @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]\n"
  2545. msgstr ""
  2546. #. type: Plain text
  2547. #: ./bashref.texi:1441
  2548. msgid ""
  2549. "This defines a shell function named @var{fname}. The reserved word "
  2550. "@code{function} is optional. If the @code{function} reserved word is "
  2551. "supplied, the parentheses are optional. The @var{body} of the function is "
  2552. "the compound command @var{compound-command} (@pxref{Compound Commands}). "
  2553. "That command is usually a @var{list} enclosed between @{ and @}, but may be "
  2554. "any compound command listed above, with one exception: If the "
  2555. "@code{function} reserved word is used, but the parentheses are not supplied, "
  2556. "the braces are required. @var{compound-command} is executed whenever "
  2557. "@var{fname} is specified as the name of a command. When the shell is in "
  2558. "@sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), @var{fname} must be a valid shell "
  2559. "@var{name} and may not be the same as one of the special builtins "
  2560. "(@pxref{Special Builtins}). In default mode, a function name can be any "
  2561. "unquoted shell word that does not contain @samp{$}. Any redirections "
  2562. "(@pxref{Redirections}) associated with the shell function are performed when "
  2563. "the function is executed. A function definition may be deleted using the "
  2564. "@option{-f} option to the @code{unset} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell "
  2565. "Builtins})."
  2566. msgstr ""
  2567. #. type: Plain text
  2568. #: ./bashref.texi:1446
  2569. msgid ""
  2570. "The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error "
  2571. "occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists. When "
  2572. "executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the last "
  2573. "command executed in the body."
  2574. msgstr ""
  2575. #. type: Plain text
  2576. #: ./bashref.texi:1455
  2577. msgid ""
  2578. "Note that for historical reasons, in the most common usage the curly braces "
  2579. "that surround the body of the function must be separated from the body by "
  2580. "@code{blank}s or newlines. This is because the braces are reserved words "
  2581. "and are only recognized as such when they are separated from the command "
  2582. "list by whitespace or another shell metacharacter. Also, when using the "
  2583. "braces, the @var{list} must be terminated by a semicolon, a @samp{&}, or a "
  2584. "newline."
  2585. msgstr ""
  2586. #. type: Plain text
  2587. #: ./bashref.texi:1464
  2588. msgid ""
  2589. "When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the "
  2590. "positional parameters during its execution (@pxref{Positional Parameters}). "
  2591. "The special parameter @samp{#} that expands to the number of positional "
  2592. "parameters is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter @code{0} is "
  2593. "unchanged. The first element of the @env{FUNCNAME} variable is set to the "
  2594. "name of the function while the function is executing."
  2595. msgstr ""
  2596. #. type: Plain text
  2597. #: ./bashref.texi:1478
  2598. msgid ""
  2599. "All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical between a "
  2600. "function and its caller with these exceptions: the @env{DEBUG} and "
  2601. "@env{RETURN} traps are not inherited unless the function has been given the "
  2602. "@code{trace} attribute using the @code{declare} builtin or the @code{-o "
  2603. "functrace} option has been enabled with the @code{set} builtin, (in which "
  2604. "case all functions inherit the @env{DEBUG} and @env{RETURN} traps), and the "
  2605. "@env{ERR} trap is not inherited unless the @code{-o errtrace} shell option "
  2606. "has been enabled. @xref{Bourne Shell Builtins}, for the description of the "
  2607. "@code{trap} builtin."
  2608. msgstr ""
  2609. #. type: Plain text
  2610. #: ./bashref.texi:1483
  2611. msgid ""
  2612. "The @env{FUNCNEST} variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, "
  2613. "defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed "
  2614. "the limit cause the entire command to abort."
  2615. msgstr ""
  2616. #. type: Plain text
  2617. #: ./bashref.texi:1497
  2618. msgid ""
  2619. "If the builtin command @code{return} is executed in a function, the function "
  2620. "completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function "
  2621. "call. Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} trap is executed before "
  2622. "execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the positional "
  2623. "parameters and the special parameter @samp{#} are restored to the values "
  2624. "they had prior to the function's execution. If a numeric argument is given "
  2625. "to @code{return}, that is the function's return status; otherwise the "
  2626. "function's return status is the exit status of the last command executed "
  2627. "before the @code{return}."
  2628. msgstr ""
  2629. #. type: Plain text
  2630. #: ./bashref.texi:1502
  2631. msgid ""
  2632. "Variables local to the function may be declared with the @code{local} "
  2633. "builtin. These variables are visible only to the function and the commands "
  2634. "it invokes. This is particularly important when a shell function calls "
  2635. "other functions."
  2636. msgstr ""
  2637. #. type: Plain text
  2638. #: ./bashref.texi:1508
  2639. msgid ""
  2640. "Local variables \"shadow\" variables with the same name declared at previous "
  2641. "scopes. For instance, a local variable declared in a function hides a "
  2642. "global variable of the same name: references and assignments refer to the "
  2643. "local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified. When the function "
  2644. "returns, the global variable is once again visible."
  2645. msgstr ""
  2646. #. type: Plain text
  2647. #: ./bashref.texi:1520
  2648. msgid ""
  2649. "The shell uses @var{dynamic scoping} to control a variable's visibility "
  2650. "within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their values "
  2651. "are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused execution to "
  2652. "reach the current function. The value of a variable that a function sees "
  2653. "depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether that caller is the "
  2654. "\"global\" scope or another shell function. This is also the value that a "
  2655. "local variable declaration \"shadows\", and the value that is restored when "
  2656. "the function returns."
  2657. msgstr ""
  2658. #. type: Plain text
  2659. #: ./bashref.texi:1526
  2660. msgid ""
  2661. "For example, if a variable @var{var} is declared as local in function "
  2662. "@var{func1}, and @var{func1} calls another function @var{func2}, references "
  2663. "to @var{var} made from within @var{func2} will resolve to the local variable "
  2664. "@var{var} from @var{func1}, shadowing any global variable named @var{var}."
  2665. msgstr ""
  2666. #. type: Plain text
  2667. #: ./bashref.texi:1529
  2668. msgid ""
  2669. "The following script demonstrates this behavior. When executed, the script "
  2670. "displays"
  2671. msgstr ""
  2672. #. type: example
  2673. #: ./bashref.texi:1532
  2674. #, no-wrap
  2675. msgid "In func2, var = func1 local\n"
  2676. msgstr ""
  2677. #. type: example
  2678. #: ./bashref.texi:1540
  2679. #, no-wrap
  2680. msgid ""
  2681. "func1()\n"
  2682. "@{\n"
  2683. " local var='func1 local'\n"
  2684. " func2\n"
  2685. "@}\n"
  2686. "\n"
  2687. msgstr ""
  2688. #. type: example
  2689. #: ./bashref.texi:1545
  2690. #, no-wrap
  2691. msgid ""
  2692. "func2()\n"
  2693. "@{\n"
  2694. " echo \"In func2, var = $var\"\n"
  2695. "@}\n"
  2696. "\n"
  2697. msgstr ""
  2698. #. type: example
  2699. #: ./bashref.texi:1548
  2700. #, no-wrap
  2701. msgid ""
  2702. "var=global\n"
  2703. "func1\n"
  2704. msgstr ""
  2705. #. type: Plain text
  2706. #: ./bashref.texi:1560
  2707. msgid ""
  2708. "The @code{unset} builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a "
  2709. "variable is local to the current scope, @code{unset} will unset it; "
  2710. "otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as "
  2711. "described above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will "
  2712. "remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. "
  2713. "Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope "
  2714. "will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, "
  2715. "any instance of a variable with that name that had been shadowed will become "
  2716. "visible."
  2717. msgstr ""
  2718. #. type: Plain text
  2719. #: ./bashref.texi:1572
  2720. msgid ""
  2721. "Function names and definitions may be listed with the @option{-f} option to "
  2722. "the @code{declare} (@code{typeset}) builtin command (@pxref{Bash "
  2723. "Builtins}). The @option{-F} option to @code{declare} or @code{typeset} will "
  2724. "list the function names only (and optionally the source file and line "
  2725. "number, if the @code{extdebug} shell option is enabled). Functions may be "
  2726. "exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with the "
  2727. "@option{-f} option to the @code{export} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell "
  2728. "Builtins})."
  2729. msgstr ""
  2730. #. type: Plain text
  2731. #: ./bashref.texi:1577
  2732. msgid ""
  2733. "Functions may be recursive. The @code{FUNCNEST} variable may be used to "
  2734. "limit the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of "
  2735. "function invocations. By default, no limit is placed on the number of "
  2736. "recursive calls."
  2737. msgstr ""
  2738. #. type: cindex
  2739. #: ./bashref.texi:1580
  2740. #, no-wrap
  2741. msgid "parameters"
  2742. msgstr ""
  2743. #. type: cindex
  2744. #: ./bashref.texi:1581
  2745. #, no-wrap
  2746. msgid "variable, shell"
  2747. msgstr ""
  2748. #. type: cindex
  2749. #: ./bashref.texi:1582
  2750. #, no-wrap
  2751. msgid "shell variable"
  2752. msgstr ""
  2753. #. type: subsection
  2754. #: ./bashref.texi:1587 ./bashref.texi:1679 ./bashref.texi:1680
  2755. #, no-wrap
  2756. msgid "Positional Parameters"
  2757. msgstr ""
  2758. #. type: menuentry
  2759. #: ./bashref.texi:1587
  2760. msgid "The shell's command-line arguments."
  2761. msgstr ""
  2762. #. type: subsection
  2763. #: ./bashref.texi:1587 ./bashref.texi:1699 ./bashref.texi:1700
  2764. #, no-wrap
  2765. msgid "Special Parameters"
  2766. msgstr ""
  2767. #. type: menuentry
  2768. #: ./bashref.texi:1587
  2769. msgid "Parameters denoted by special characters."
  2770. msgstr ""
  2771. #. type: Plain text
  2772. #: ./bashref.texi:1596
  2773. msgid ""
  2774. "A @var{parameter} is an entity that stores values. It can be a @code{name}, "
  2775. "a number, or one of the special characters listed below. A @var{variable} "
  2776. "is a parameter denoted by a @code{name}. A variable has a @var{value} and "
  2777. "zero or more @var{attributes}. Attributes are assigned using the "
  2778. "@code{declare} builtin command (see the description of the @code{declare} "
  2779. "builtin in @ref{Bash Builtins})."
  2780. msgstr ""
  2781. #. type: Plain text
  2782. #: ./bashref.texi:1600
  2783. msgid ""
  2784. "A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is a "
  2785. "valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using the "
  2786. "@code{unset} builtin command."
  2787. msgstr ""
  2788. #. type: Plain text
  2789. #: ./bashref.texi:1602
  2790. msgid "A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form"
  2791. msgstr ""
  2792. #. type: example
  2793. #: ./bashref.texi:1604
  2794. #, no-wrap
  2795. msgid "@var{name}=[@var{value}]\n"
  2796. msgstr ""
  2797. #. type: Plain text
  2798. #: ./bashref.texi:1624
  2799. msgid ""
  2800. "If @var{value} is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All "
  2801. "@var{value}s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, "
  2802. "command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (detailed "
  2803. "below). If the variable has its @code{integer} attribute set, then "
  2804. "@var{value} is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the "
  2805. "@code{$((@dots{}))} expansion is not used (@pxref{Arithmetic Expansion}). "
  2806. "Word splitting is not performed, with the exception of @code{\"$@@\"} as "
  2807. "explained below. Filename expansion is not performed. Assignment "
  2808. "statements may also appear as arguments to the @code{alias}, @code{declare}, "
  2809. "@code{typeset}, @code{export}, @code{readonly}, and @code{local} builtin "
  2810. "commands (@var{declaration} commands). When in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash "
  2811. "POSIX Mode}), these builtins may appear in a command after one or more "
  2812. "instances of the @code{command} builtin and retain these assignment "
  2813. "statement properties."
  2814. msgstr ""
  2815. #. type: Plain text
  2816. #: ./bashref.texi:1642
  2817. msgid ""
  2818. "In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell "
  2819. "variable or array index (@pxref{Arrays}), the @samp{+=} operator can be used "
  2820. "to append to or add to the variable's previous value. This includes "
  2821. "arguments to builtin commands such as @code{declare} that accept assignment "
  2822. "statements (@var{declaration} commands). When @samp{+=} is applied to a "
  2823. "variable for which the @var{integer} attribute has been set, @var{value} is "
  2824. "evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current "
  2825. "value, which is also evaluated. When @samp{+=} is applied to an array "
  2826. "variable using compound assignment (@pxref{Arrays}), the variable's value is "
  2827. "not unset (as it is when using @samp{=}), and new values are appended to the "
  2828. "array beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed "
  2829. "arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. "
  2830. "When applied to a string-valued variable, @var{value} is expanded and "
  2831. "appended to the variable's value."
  2832. msgstr ""
  2833. #. type: Plain text
  2834. #: ./bashref.texi:1657
  2835. msgid ""
  2836. "A variable can be assigned the @var{nameref} attribute using the @option{-n} "
  2837. "option to the @code{declare} or @code{local} builtin commands (@pxref{Bash "
  2838. "Builtins}) to create a @var{nameref}, or a reference to another variable. "
  2839. "This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever the nameref "
  2840. "variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its attributes modified "
  2841. "(other than using or changing the nameref attribute itself), the operation "
  2842. "is actually performed on the variable specified by the nameref variable's "
  2843. "value. A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a "
  2844. "variable whose name is passed as an argument to the function. For instance, "
  2845. "if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first argument, "
  2846. "running"
  2847. msgstr ""
  2848. #. type: example
  2849. #: ./bashref.texi:1659
  2850. #, no-wrap
  2851. msgid "declare -n ref=$1\n"
  2852. msgstr ""
  2853. #. type: Plain text
  2854. #: ./bashref.texi:1666
  2855. msgid ""
  2856. "inside the function creates a nameref variable @var{ref} whose value is the "
  2857. "variable name passed as the first argument. References and assignments to "
  2858. "@var{ref}, and changes to its attributes, are treated as references, "
  2859. "assignments, and attribute modifications to the variable whose name was "
  2860. "passed as @code{$1}."
  2861. msgstr ""
  2862. #. type: Plain text
  2863. #: ./bashref.texi:1678
  2864. msgid ""
  2865. "If the control variable in a @code{for} loop has the nameref attribute, the "
  2866. "list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a name reference will be "
  2867. "established for each word in the list, in turn, when the loop is executed. "
  2868. "Array variables cannot be given the nameref attribute. However, nameref "
  2869. "variables can reference array variables and subscripted array variables. "
  2870. "Namerefs can be unset using the @option{-n} option to the @code{unset} "
  2871. "builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}). Otherwise, if @code{unset} is "
  2872. "executed with the name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable "
  2873. "referenced by the nameref variable will be unset."
  2874. msgstr ""
  2875. #. type: cindex
  2876. #: ./bashref.texi:1681
  2877. #, no-wrap
  2878. msgid "parameters, positional"
  2879. msgstr ""
  2880. #. type: Plain text
  2881. #: ./bashref.texi:1695
  2882. msgid ""
  2883. "A @var{positional parameter} is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, "
  2884. "other than the single digit @code{0}. Positional parameters are assigned "
  2885. "from the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using "
  2886. "the @code{set} builtin command. Positional parameter @code{N} may be "
  2887. "referenced as @code{$@{N@}}, or as @code{$N} when @code{N} consists of a "
  2888. "single digit. Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment "
  2889. "statements. The @code{set} and @code{shift} builtins are used to set and "
  2890. "unset them (@pxref{Shell Builtin Commands}). The positional parameters are "
  2891. "temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (@pxref{Shell "
  2892. "Functions})."
  2893. msgstr ""
  2894. #. type: Plain text
  2895. #: ./bashref.texi:1698
  2896. msgid ""
  2897. "When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is "
  2898. "expanded, it must be enclosed in braces."
  2899. msgstr ""
  2900. #. type: cindex
  2901. #: ./bashref.texi:1701
  2902. #, no-wrap
  2903. msgid "parameters, special"
  2904. msgstr ""
  2905. #. type: Plain text
  2906. #: ./bashref.texi:1705
  2907. msgid ""
  2908. "The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may only be "
  2909. "referenced; assignment to them is not allowed."
  2910. msgstr ""
  2911. #. type: Plain text
  2912. #: ./bashref.texi:1707 ./bashref.texi:5593 ./bashref.texi:5660 ./bashref.texi:8468
  2913. msgid "@vtable @code"
  2914. msgstr ""
  2915. #. type: item
  2916. #: ./bashref.texi:1708 ./bashref.texi:2610
  2917. #, no-wrap
  2918. msgid "*"
  2919. msgstr ""
  2920. #. type: vindex
  2921. #: ./bashref.texi:1709
  2922. #, no-wrap
  2923. msgid "$*"
  2924. msgstr ""
  2925. #. type: Plain text
  2926. #: ./bashref.texi:1724
  2927. msgid ""
  2928. "($*) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the "
  2929. "expansion is not within double quotes, each positional parameter expands to "
  2930. "a separate word. In contexts where it is performed, those words are subject "
  2931. "to further word splitting and filename expansion. When the expansion occurs "
  2932. "within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the value of each "
  2933. "parameter separated by the first character of the @env{IFS} special "
  2934. "variable. That is, @code{\"$*\"} is equivalent to "
  2935. "@code{\"$1@var{c}$2@var{c}@dots{}\"}, where @var{c} is the first character "
  2936. "of the value of the @code{IFS} variable. If @env{IFS} is unset, the "
  2937. "parameters are separated by spaces. If @env{IFS} is null, the parameters "
  2938. "are joined without intervening separators."
  2939. msgstr ""
  2940. #. type: item
  2941. #: ./bashref.texi:1725
  2942. #, no-wrap
  2943. msgid "@@"
  2944. msgstr ""
  2945. #. type: vindex
  2946. #: ./bashref.texi:1726
  2947. #, no-wrap
  2948. msgid "$@@"
  2949. msgstr ""
  2950. #. type: Plain text
  2951. #: ./bashref.texi:1746
  2952. msgid ""
  2953. "($@@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In contexts "
  2954. "where word splitting is performed, this expands each positional parameter to "
  2955. "a separate word; if not within double quotes, these words are subject to "
  2956. "word splitting. In contexts where word splitting is not performed, this "
  2957. "expands to a single word with each positional parameter separated by a "
  2958. "space. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting "
  2959. "is performed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "
  2960. "@code{\"$@@\"} is equivalent to @code{\"$1\" \"$2\" @dots{}}. If the "
  2961. "double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first "
  2962. "parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word, and the "
  2963. "expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of the original "
  2964. "word. When there are no positional parameters, @code{\"$@@\"} and "
  2965. "@code{$@@} expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed)."
  2966. msgstr ""
  2967. #. type: item
  2968. #: ./bashref.texi:1747
  2969. #, no-wrap
  2970. msgid "#"
  2971. msgstr ""
  2972. #. type: vindex
  2973. #: ./bashref.texi:1748
  2974. #, no-wrap
  2975. msgid "$#"
  2976. msgstr ""
  2977. #. type: Plain text
  2978. #: ./bashref.texi:1750
  2979. msgid "($#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal."
  2980. msgstr ""
  2981. #. type: item
  2982. #: ./bashref.texi:1751 ./bashref.texi:2618
  2983. #, no-wrap
  2984. msgid "?"
  2985. msgstr ""
  2986. #. type: vindex
  2987. #: ./bashref.texi:1752
  2988. #, no-wrap
  2989. msgid "$?"
  2990. msgstr ""
  2991. #. type: Plain text
  2992. #: ./bashref.texi:1755
  2993. msgid ""
  2994. "($?) Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground "
  2995. "pipeline."
  2996. msgstr ""
  2997. #. type: item
  2998. #: ./bashref.texi:1756 ./bashref.texi:5153
  2999. #, no-wrap
  3000. msgid "-"
  3001. msgstr ""
  3002. #. type: vindex
  3003. #: ./bashref.texi:1757
  3004. #, no-wrap
  3005. msgid "$-"
  3006. msgstr ""
  3007. #. type: Plain text
  3008. #: ./bashref.texi:1762
  3009. msgid ""
  3010. "($-, a hyphen.) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon "
  3011. "invocation, by the @code{set} builtin command, or those set by the shell "
  3012. "itself (such as the @option{-i} option)."
  3013. msgstr ""
  3014. #. type: item
  3015. #: ./bashref.texi:1763
  3016. #, no-wrap
  3017. msgid "$"
  3018. msgstr ""
  3019. #. type: vindex
  3020. #: ./bashref.texi:1764
  3021. #, no-wrap
  3022. msgid "$$"
  3023. msgstr ""
  3024. #. type: Plain text
  3025. #: ./bashref.texi:1767
  3026. msgid ""
  3027. "($$) Expands to the process @sc{id} of the shell. In a @code{()} subshell, "
  3028. "it expands to the process @sc{id} of the invoking shell, not the subshell."
  3029. msgstr ""
  3030. #. type: vindex
  3031. #: ./bashref.texi:1769
  3032. #, no-wrap
  3033. msgid "$!"
  3034. msgstr ""
  3035. #. type: Plain text
  3036. #: ./bashref.texi:1773
  3037. msgid ""
  3038. "($!) Expands to the process @sc{id} of the job most recently placed into the "
  3039. "background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or using the "
  3040. "@code{bg} builtin (@pxref{Job Control Builtins})."
  3041. msgstr ""
  3042. #. type: item
  3043. #: ./bashref.texi:1774
  3044. #, no-wrap
  3045. msgid "0"
  3046. msgstr ""
  3047. #. type: vindex
  3048. #: ./bashref.texi:1775
  3049. #, no-wrap
  3050. msgid "$0"
  3051. msgstr ""
  3052. #. type: Plain text
  3053. #: ./bashref.texi:1783
  3054. msgid ""
  3055. "($0) Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell "
  3056. "initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands (@pxref{Shell "
  3057. "Scripts}), @code{$0} is set to the name of that file. If Bash is started "
  3058. "with the @option{-c} option (@pxref{Invoking Bash}), then @code{$0} is set "
  3059. "to the first argument after the string to be executed, if one is present. "
  3060. "Otherwise, it is set to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by "
  3061. "argument zero."
  3062. msgstr ""
  3063. #. type: cindex
  3064. #: ./bashref.texi:1787
  3065. #, no-wrap
  3066. msgid "expansion"
  3067. msgstr ""
  3068. #. type: Plain text
  3069. #: ./bashref.texi:1791
  3070. msgid ""
  3071. "Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into "
  3072. "@code{token}s. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:"
  3073. msgstr ""
  3074. #. type: cindex
  3075. #: ./bashref.texi:1793 ./bashref.texi:1847
  3076. #, no-wrap
  3077. msgid "brace expansion"
  3078. msgstr ""
  3079. #. type: cindex
  3080. #: ./bashref.texi:1794 ./bashref.texi:1918
  3081. #, no-wrap
  3082. msgid "tilde expansion"
  3083. msgstr ""
  3084. #. type: item
  3085. #: ./bashref.texi:1795
  3086. #, no-wrap
  3087. msgid "parameter and variable expansion"
  3088. msgstr ""
  3089. #. type: cindex
  3090. #: ./bashref.texi:1796 ./bashref.texi:2392
  3091. #, no-wrap
  3092. msgid "command substitution"
  3093. msgstr ""
  3094. #. type: cindex
  3095. #: ./bashref.texi:1797 ./bashref.texi:2432
  3096. #, no-wrap
  3097. msgid "arithmetic expansion"
  3098. msgstr ""
  3099. #. type: cindex
  3100. #: ./bashref.texi:1798 ./bashref.texi:2490
  3101. #, no-wrap
  3102. msgid "word splitting"
  3103. msgstr ""
  3104. #. type: cindex
  3105. #: ./bashref.texi:1799 ./bashref.texi:2539
  3106. #, no-wrap
  3107. msgid "filename expansion"
  3108. msgstr ""
  3109. #. type: subsection
  3110. #: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:1845 ./bashref.texi:1846
  3111. #, no-wrap
  3112. msgid "Brace Expansion"
  3113. msgstr ""
  3114. #. type: menuentry
  3115. #: ./bashref.texi:1815
  3116. msgid "Expansion of expressions within braces."
  3117. msgstr ""
  3118. #. type: subsection
  3119. #: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:1916 ./bashref.texi:1917
  3120. #, no-wrap
  3121. msgid "Tilde Expansion"
  3122. msgstr ""
  3123. #. type: menuentry
  3124. #: ./bashref.texi:1815
  3125. msgid "Expansion of the ~ character."
  3126. msgstr ""
  3127. #. type: subsection
  3128. #: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:1992 ./bashref.texi:1993
  3129. #, no-wrap
  3130. msgid "Shell Parameter Expansion"
  3131. msgstr ""
  3132. #. type: menuentry
  3133. #: ./bashref.texi:1815
  3134. msgid "How Bash expands variables to their values."
  3135. msgstr ""
  3136. #. type: subsection
  3137. #: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2390 ./bashref.texi:2391
  3138. #, no-wrap
  3139. msgid "Command Substitution"
  3140. msgstr ""
  3141. #. type: menuentry
  3142. #: ./bashref.texi:1815
  3143. msgid "Using the output of a command as an argument."
  3144. msgstr ""
  3145. #. type: subsection
  3146. #: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2429 ./bashref.texi:2430
  3147. #, no-wrap
  3148. msgid "Arithmetic Expansion"
  3149. msgstr ""
  3150. #. type: menuentry
  3151. #: ./bashref.texi:1815
  3152. msgid "How to use arithmetic in shell expansions."
  3153. msgstr ""
  3154. #. type: subsection
  3155. #: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2453 ./bashref.texi:2454
  3156. #, no-wrap
  3157. msgid "Process Substitution"
  3158. msgstr ""
  3159. #. type: menuentry
  3160. #: ./bashref.texi:1815
  3161. msgid "A way to write and read to and from a command."
  3162. msgstr ""
  3163. #. type: subsection
  3164. #: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2488 ./bashref.texi:2489
  3165. #, no-wrap
  3166. msgid "Word Splitting"
  3167. msgstr ""
  3168. #. type: menuentry
  3169. #: ./bashref.texi:1815
  3170. msgid "How the results of expansion are split into separate arguments."
  3171. msgstr ""
  3172. #. type: subsection
  3173. #: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2532 ./bashref.texi:2533
  3174. #, no-wrap
  3175. msgid "Filename Expansion"
  3176. msgstr ""
  3177. #. type: menuentry
  3178. #: ./bashref.texi:1815
  3179. msgid "A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns."
  3180. msgstr ""
  3181. #. type: subsection
  3182. #: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2696 ./bashref.texi:2697
  3183. #, no-wrap
  3184. msgid "Quote Removal"
  3185. msgstr ""
  3186. #. type: menuentry
  3187. #: ./bashref.texi:1815
  3188. msgid "How and when quote characters are removed from words."
  3189. msgstr ""
  3190. #. type: Plain text
  3191. #: ./bashref.texi:1823
  3192. msgid ""
  3193. "The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter and "
  3194. "variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution (done in "
  3195. "a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and filename expansion."
  3196. msgstr ""
  3197. #. type: Plain text
  3198. #: ./bashref.texi:1829
  3199. msgid ""
  3200. "On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion available: "
  3201. "@var{process substitution}. This is performed at the same time as tilde, "
  3202. "parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command substitution."
  3203. msgstr ""
  3204. #. type: Plain text
  3205. #: ./bashref.texi:1833
  3206. msgid ""
  3207. "After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the "
  3208. "original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves "
  3209. "(@var{quote removal})."
  3210. msgstr ""
  3211. #. type: Plain text
  3212. #: ./bashref.texi:1841
  3213. msgid ""
  3214. "Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion can increase "
  3215. "the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word "
  3216. "to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of "
  3217. "@code{\"$@@\"} and @code{$*} (@pxref{Special Parameters}), and "
  3218. "@code{\"$@{@var{name}[@@]@}\"} and @code{$@{@var{name}[*]@}} "
  3219. "(@pxref{Arrays})."
  3220. msgstr ""
  3221. #. type: Plain text
  3222. #: ./bashref.texi:1844
  3223. msgid ""
  3224. "After all expansions, @code{quote removal} (@pxref{Quote Removal}) is "
  3225. "performed."
  3226. msgstr ""
  3227. #. type: cindex
  3228. #: ./bashref.texi:1848
  3229. #, no-wrap
  3230. msgid "expansion, brace"
  3231. msgstr ""
  3232. #. type: Plain text
  3233. #: ./bashref.texi:1861
  3234. msgid ""
  3235. "Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated. "
  3236. "This mechanism is similar to @var{filename expansion} (@pxref{Filename "
  3237. "Expansion}), but the filenames generated need not exist. Patterns to be "
  3238. "brace expanded take the form of an optional @var{preamble}, followed by "
  3239. "either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression between "
  3240. "a pair of braces, followed by an optional @var{postscript}. The preamble is "
  3241. "prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is "
  3242. "then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right."
  3243. msgstr ""
  3244. #. type: Plain text
  3245. #: ./bashref.texi:1866
  3246. msgid ""
  3247. "Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string are not "
  3248. "sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,"
  3249. msgstr ""
  3250. #. type: example
  3251. #: ./bashref.texi:1869
  3252. #, no-wrap
  3253. msgid ""
  3254. "bash$ echo a@{d,c,b@}e\n"
  3255. "ade ace abe\n"
  3256. msgstr ""
  3257. #. type: Plain text
  3258. #: ./bashref.texi:1887
  3259. msgid ""
  3260. "A sequence expression takes the form "
  3261. "@code{@{@var{x}..@var{y}[..@var{incr}]@}}, where @var{x} and @var{y} are "
  3262. "either integers or single characters, and @var{incr}, an optional increment, "
  3263. "is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each "
  3264. "number between @var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive. Supplied integers may be "
  3265. "prefixed with @samp{0} to force each term to have the same width. When "
  3266. "either @var{x} or @var{y} begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force "
  3267. "all generated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where "
  3268. "necessary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each "
  3269. "character lexicographically between @var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive, using "
  3270. "the default C locale. Note that both @var{x} and @var{y} must be of the "
  3271. "same type. When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference "
  3272. "between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate."
  3273. msgstr ""
  3274. #. type: Plain text
  3275. #: ./bashref.texi:1893
  3276. msgid ""
  3277. "Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any characters "
  3278. "special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is strictly "
  3279. "textual. Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of "
  3280. "the expansion or the text between the braces."
  3281. msgstr ""
  3282. #. type: Plain text
  3283. #: ./bashref.texi:1898
  3284. msgid ""
  3285. "A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing "
  3286. "braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence expression. Any "
  3287. "incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged."
  3288. msgstr ""
  3289. #. type: Plain text
  3290. #: ./bashref.texi:1904
  3291. msgid ""
  3292. "A @{ or @samp{,} may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being "
  3293. "considered part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter "
  3294. "expansion, the string @samp{$@{} is not considered eligible for brace "
  3295. "expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing @samp{@}}."
  3296. msgstr ""
  3297. #. type: Plain text
  3298. #: ./bashref.texi:1908
  3299. msgid ""
  3300. "This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of the "
  3301. "strings to be generated is longer than in the above example:"
  3302. msgstr ""
  3303. #. type: example
  3304. #: ./bashref.texi:1910
  3305. #, no-wrap
  3306. msgid "mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/@{old,new,dist,bugs@}\n"
  3307. msgstr ""
  3308. #. type: example
  3309. #: ./bashref.texi:1914
  3310. #, no-wrap
  3311. msgid "chown root /usr/@{ucb/@{ex,edit@},lib/@{ex?.?*,how_ex@}@}\n"
  3312. msgstr ""
  3313. #. type: cindex
  3314. #: ./bashref.texi:1919
  3315. #, no-wrap
  3316. msgid "expansion, tilde"
  3317. msgstr ""
  3318. #. type: Plain text
  3319. #: ./bashref.texi:1933
  3320. msgid ""
  3321. "If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (@samp{~}), all of the "
  3322. "characters up to the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if there is no "
  3323. "unquoted slash) are considered a @var{tilde-prefix}. If none of the "
  3324. "characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the "
  3325. "tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible @var{login "
  3326. "name}. If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with "
  3327. "the value of the @env{HOME} shell variable. If @env{HOME} is unset, the "
  3328. "home directory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. "
  3329. "Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated "
  3330. "with the specified login name."
  3331. msgstr ""
  3332. #. type: Plain text
  3333. #: ./bashref.texi:1938
  3334. msgid ""
  3335. "If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~+}, the value of the shell variable @env{PWD} "
  3336. "replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~-}, the value of "
  3337. "the shell variable @env{OLDPWD}, if it is set, is substituted."
  3338. msgstr ""
  3339. #. type: Plain text
  3340. #: ./bashref.texi:1947
  3341. msgid ""
  3342. "If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a "
  3343. "number @var{N}, optionally prefixed by a @samp{+} or a @samp{-}, the "
  3344. "tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory "
  3345. "stack, as it would be displayed by the @code{dirs} builtin invoked with the "
  3346. "characters following tilde in the tilde-prefix as an argument (@pxref{The "
  3347. "Directory Stack}). If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a "
  3348. "number without a leading @samp{+} or @samp{-}, @samp{+} is assumed."
  3349. msgstr ""
  3350. #. type: Plain text
  3351. #: ./bashref.texi:1950
  3352. msgid ""
  3353. "If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is left "
  3354. "unchanged."
  3355. msgstr ""
  3356. #. type: Plain text
  3357. #: ./bashref.texi:1957
  3358. msgid ""
  3359. "Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately "
  3360. "following a @samp{:} or the first @samp{=}. In these cases, tilde expansion "
  3361. "is also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in "
  3362. "assignments to @env{PATH}, @env{MAILPATH}, and @env{CDPATH}, and the shell "
  3363. "assigns the expanded value."
  3364. msgstr ""
  3365. #. type: Plain text
  3366. #: ./bashref.texi:1959
  3367. msgid "The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes:"
  3368. msgstr ""
  3369. #. type: item
  3370. #: ./bashref.texi:1961
  3371. #, no-wrap
  3372. msgid "~"
  3373. msgstr ""
  3374. #. type: table
  3375. #: ./bashref.texi:1963
  3376. msgid "The value of @code{$HOME}"
  3377. msgstr ""
  3378. #. type: item
  3379. #: ./bashref.texi:1963
  3380. #, no-wrap
  3381. msgid "~/foo"
  3382. msgstr ""
  3383. #. type: file{#1}
  3384. #: ./bashref.texi:1965
  3385. msgid "$HOME/foo"
  3386. msgstr ""
  3387. #. type: item
  3388. #: ./bashref.texi:1966
  3389. #, no-wrap
  3390. msgid "~fred/foo"
  3391. msgstr ""
  3392. #. type: table
  3393. #: ./bashref.texi:1969
  3394. msgid "The subdirectory @code{foo} of the home directory of the user @code{fred}"
  3395. msgstr ""
  3396. #. type: item
  3397. #: ./bashref.texi:1970
  3398. #, no-wrap
  3399. msgid "~+/foo"
  3400. msgstr ""
  3401. #. type: file{#1}
  3402. #: ./bashref.texi:1972
  3403. msgid "$PWD/foo"
  3404. msgstr ""
  3405. #. type: item
  3406. #: ./bashref.texi:1973
  3407. #, no-wrap
  3408. msgid "~-/foo"
  3409. msgstr ""
  3410. #. type: file{#1}
  3411. #: ./bashref.texi:1975
  3412. msgid "$@{OLDPWD-'~-'@}/foo"
  3413. msgstr ""
  3414. #. type: item
  3415. #: ./bashref.texi:1976
  3416. #, no-wrap
  3417. msgid "~@var{N}"
  3418. msgstr ""
  3419. #. type: table
  3420. #: ./bashref.texi:1978 ./bashref.texi:1981
  3421. msgid "The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs +@var{N}}"
  3422. msgstr ""
  3423. #. type: item
  3424. #: ./bashref.texi:1979
  3425. #, no-wrap
  3426. msgid "~+@var{N}"
  3427. msgstr ""
  3428. #. type: item
  3429. #: ./bashref.texi:1982
  3430. #, no-wrap
  3431. msgid "~-@var{N}"
  3432. msgstr ""
  3433. #. type: table
  3434. #: ./bashref.texi:1984
  3435. msgid "The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs -@var{N}}"
  3436. msgstr ""
  3437. #. type: Plain text
  3438. #: ./bashref.texi:1991
  3439. msgid ""
  3440. "Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of "
  3441. "variable assignments (@pxref{Shell Parameters}) when they appear as "
  3442. "arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except for the "
  3443. "@var{declaration} commands listed above, when in @sc{posix} mode."
  3444. msgstr ""
  3445. #. type: cindex
  3446. #: ./bashref.texi:1994
  3447. #, no-wrap
  3448. msgid "parameter expansion"
  3449. msgstr ""
  3450. #. type: cindex
  3451. #: ./bashref.texi:1995
  3452. #, no-wrap
  3453. msgid "expansion, parameter"
  3454. msgstr ""
  3455. #. type: Plain text
  3456. #: ./bashref.texi:2003
  3457. msgid ""
  3458. "The @samp{$} character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, "
  3459. "or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded may be "
  3460. "enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the variable to "
  3461. "be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be "
  3462. "interpreted as part of the name."
  3463. msgstr ""
  3464. #. type: Plain text
  3465. #: ./bashref.texi:2008
  3466. msgid ""
  3467. "When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first @samp{@}} not "
  3468. "escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded "
  3469. "arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion."
  3470. msgstr ""
  3471. #. type: Plain text
  3472. #: ./bashref.texi:2017
  3473. msgid ""
  3474. "The basic form of parameter expansion is $@{@var{parameter}@}. The value of "
  3475. "@var{parameter} is substituted. The @var{parameter} is a shell parameter as "
  3476. "described above (@pxref{Shell Parameters}) or an array reference "
  3477. "(@pxref{Arrays}). The braces are required when @var{parameter} is a "
  3478. "positional parameter with more than one digit, or when @var{parameter} is "
  3479. "followed by a character that is not to be interpreted as part of its name."
  3480. msgstr ""
  3481. #. type: Plain text
  3482. #: ./bashref.texi:2036
  3483. msgid ""
  3484. "If the first character of @var{parameter} is an exclamation point (!), and "
  3485. "@var{parameter} is not a @var{nameref}, it introduces a level of "
  3486. "indirection. Bash uses the value formed by expanding the rest of "
  3487. "@var{parameter} as the new @var{parameter}; this is then expanded and that "
  3488. "value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather than the expansion of the "
  3489. "original @var{parameter}. This is known as @code{indirect expansion}. The "
  3490. "value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command "
  3491. "substitution, and arithmetic expansion. If @var{parameter} is a nameref, "
  3492. "this expands to the name of the variable referenced by @var{parameter} "
  3493. "instead of performing the complete indirect expansion. The exceptions to "
  3494. "this are the expansions of $@{!@var{prefix}*@} and $@{!@var{name}[@@]@} "
  3495. "described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left "
  3496. "brace in order to introduce indirection."
  3497. msgstr ""
  3498. #. type: Plain text
  3499. #: ./bashref.texi:2039
  3500. msgid ""
  3501. "In each of the cases below, @var{word} is subject to tilde expansion, "
  3502. "parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion."
  3503. msgstr ""
  3504. #. type: Plain text
  3505. #: ./bashref.texi:2046
  3506. msgid ""
  3507. "When not performing substring expansion, using the form described below "
  3508. "(e.g., @samp{:-}), Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null. "
  3509. "Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. "
  3510. "Put another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both "
  3511. "@var{parameter}'s existence and that its value is not null; if the colon is "
  3512. "omitted, the operator tests only for existence."
  3513. msgstr ""
  3514. #. type: item
  3515. #: ./bashref.texi:2049
  3516. #, no-wrap
  3517. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:@minus{}@var{word}@}"
  3518. msgstr ""
  3519. #. type: table
  3520. #: ./bashref.texi:2053
  3521. msgid ""
  3522. "If @var{parameter} is unset or null, the expansion of @var{word} is "
  3523. "substituted. Otherwise, the value of @var{parameter} is substituted."
  3524. msgstr ""
  3525. #. type: item
  3526. #: ./bashref.texi:2054
  3527. #, no-wrap
  3528. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:=@var{word}@}"
  3529. msgstr ""
  3530. #. type: table
  3531. #: ./bashref.texi:2061
  3532. msgid ""
  3533. "If @var{parameter} is unset or null, the expansion of @var{word} is assigned "
  3534. "to @var{parameter}. The value of @var{parameter} is then substituted. "
  3535. "Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this "
  3536. "way."
  3537. msgstr ""
  3538. #. type: item
  3539. #: ./bashref.texi:2062
  3540. #, no-wrap
  3541. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:?@var{word}@}"
  3542. msgstr ""
  3543. #. type: table
  3544. #: ./bashref.texi:2069
  3545. msgid ""
  3546. "If @var{parameter} is null or unset, the expansion of @var{word} (or a "
  3547. "message to that effect if @var{word} is not present) is written to the "
  3548. "standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, "
  3549. "the value of @var{parameter} is substituted."
  3550. msgstr ""
  3551. #. type: item
  3552. #: ./bashref.texi:2070
  3553. #, no-wrap
  3554. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:+@var{word}@}"
  3555. msgstr ""
  3556. #. type: table
  3557. #: ./bashref.texi:2074
  3558. msgid ""
  3559. "If @var{parameter} is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the "
  3560. "expansion of @var{word} is substituted."
  3561. msgstr ""
  3562. #. type: item
  3563. #: ./bashref.texi:2075
  3564. #, no-wrap
  3565. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}@}"
  3566. msgstr ""
  3567. #. type: itemx
  3568. #: ./bashref.texi:2076
  3569. #, no-wrap
  3570. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}:@var{length}@}"
  3571. msgstr ""
  3572. #. type: table
  3573. #: ./bashref.texi:2088
  3574. msgid ""
  3575. "This is referred to as Substring Expansion. It expands to up to "
  3576. "@var{length} characters of the value of @var{parameter} starting at the "
  3577. "character specified by @var{offset}. If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, an "
  3578. "indexed array subscripted by @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, or an associative array "
  3579. "name, the results differ as described below. If @var{length} is omitted, it "
  3580. "expands to the substring of the value of @var{parameter} starting at the "
  3581. "character specified by @var{offset} and extending to the end of the value. "
  3582. "@var{length} and @var{offset} are arithmetic expressions (@pxref{Shell "
  3583. "Arithmetic})."
  3584. msgstr ""
  3585. #. type: table
  3586. #: ./bashref.texi:2099
  3587. msgid ""
  3588. "If @var{offset} evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as "
  3589. "an offset in characters from the end of the value of @var{parameter}. If "
  3590. "@var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an "
  3591. "offset in characters from the end of the value of @var{parameter} rather "
  3592. "than a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between "
  3593. "@var{offset} and that result. Note that a negative offset must be separated "
  3594. "from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the "
  3595. "@samp{:-} expansion."
  3596. msgstr ""
  3597. #. type: table
  3598. #: ./bashref.texi:2102
  3599. msgid ""
  3600. "Here are some examples illustrating substring expansion on parameters and "
  3601. "subscripted arrays:"
  3602. msgstr ""
  3603. #. type: verbatim
  3604. #: ./bashref.texi:2108
  3605. #, no-wrap
  3606. msgid ""
  3607. "$ string=01234567890abcdefgh\n"
  3608. "$ echo ${string:7}\n"
  3609. "7890abcdefgh\n"
  3610. "$ echo ${string:7:0}\n"
  3611. "\n"
  3612. msgstr ""
  3613. #. type: verbatim
  3614. #: ./bashref.texi:2116
  3615. #, no-wrap
  3616. msgid ""
  3617. "$ echo ${string:7:2}\n"
  3618. "78\n"
  3619. "$ echo ${string:7:-2}\n"
  3620. "7890abcdef\n"
  3621. "$ echo ${string: -7}\n"
  3622. "bcdefgh\n"
  3623. "$ echo ${string: -7:0}\n"
  3624. "\n"
  3625. msgstr ""
  3626. #. type: verbatim
  3627. #: ./bashref.texi:2125
  3628. #, no-wrap
  3629. msgid ""
  3630. "$ echo ${string: -7:2}\n"
  3631. "bc\n"
  3632. "$ echo ${string: -7:-2}\n"
  3633. "bcdef\n"
  3634. "$ set -- 01234567890abcdefgh\n"
  3635. "$ echo ${1:7}\n"
  3636. "7890abcdefgh\n"
  3637. "$ echo ${1:7:0}\n"
  3638. "\n"
  3639. msgstr ""
  3640. #. type: verbatim
  3641. #: ./bashref.texi:2133
  3642. #, no-wrap
  3643. msgid ""
  3644. "$ echo ${1:7:2}\n"
  3645. "78\n"
  3646. "$ echo ${1:7:-2}\n"
  3647. "7890abcdef\n"
  3648. "$ echo ${1: -7}\n"
  3649. "bcdefgh\n"
  3650. "$ echo ${1: -7:0}\n"
  3651. "\n"
  3652. msgstr ""
  3653. #. type: verbatim
  3654. #: ./bashref.texi:2142
  3655. #, no-wrap
  3656. msgid ""
  3657. "$ echo ${1: -7:2}\n"
  3658. "bc\n"
  3659. "$ echo ${1: -7:-2}\n"
  3660. "bcdef\n"
  3661. "$ array[0]=01234567890abcdefgh\n"
  3662. "$ echo ${array[0]:7}\n"
  3663. "7890abcdefgh\n"
  3664. "$ echo ${array[0]:7:0}\n"
  3665. "\n"
  3666. msgstr ""
  3667. #. type: verbatim
  3668. #: ./bashref.texi:2150
  3669. #, no-wrap
  3670. msgid ""
  3671. "$ echo ${array[0]:7:2}\n"
  3672. "78\n"
  3673. "$ echo ${array[0]:7:-2}\n"
  3674. "7890abcdef\n"
  3675. "$ echo ${array[0]: -7}\n"
  3676. "bcdefgh\n"
  3677. "$ echo ${array[0]: -7:0}\n"
  3678. "\n"
  3679. msgstr ""
  3680. #. type: verbatim
  3681. #: ./bashref.texi:2155
  3682. #, no-wrap
  3683. msgid ""
  3684. "$ echo ${array[0]: -7:2}\n"
  3685. "bc\n"
  3686. "$ echo ${array[0]: -7:-2}\n"
  3687. "bcdef\n"
  3688. msgstr ""
  3689. #. type: table
  3690. #: ./bashref.texi:2163
  3691. msgid ""
  3692. "If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, the result is @var{length} positional "
  3693. "parameters beginning at @var{offset}. A negative @var{offset} is taken "
  3694. "relative to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset "
  3695. "of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expansion error "
  3696. "if @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero."
  3697. msgstr ""
  3698. #. type: table
  3699. #: ./bashref.texi:2166
  3700. msgid ""
  3701. "The following examples illustrate substring expansion using positional "
  3702. "parameters:"
  3703. msgstr ""
  3704. #. type: verbatim
  3705. #: ./bashref.texi:2172
  3706. #, no-wrap
  3707. msgid ""
  3708. "$ set -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
  3709. "$ echo ${@:7}\n"
  3710. "7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
  3711. "$ echo ${@:7:0}\n"
  3712. "\n"
  3713. msgstr ""
  3714. #. type: verbatim
  3715. #: ./bashref.texi:2184
  3716. #, no-wrap
  3717. msgid ""
  3718. "$ echo ${@:7:2}\n"
  3719. "7 8\n"
  3720. "$ echo ${@:7:-2}\n"
  3721. "bash: -2: substring expression < 0\n"
  3722. "$ echo ${@: -7:2}\n"
  3723. "b c\n"
  3724. "$ echo ${@:0}\n"
  3725. "./bash 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
  3726. "$ echo ${@:0:2}\n"
  3727. "./bash 1\n"
  3728. "$ echo ${@: -7:0}\n"
  3729. "\n"
  3730. msgstr ""
  3731. #. type: table
  3732. #: ./bashref.texi:2193
  3733. msgid ""
  3734. "If @var{parameter} is an indexed array name subscripted by @samp{@@} or "
  3735. "@samp{*}, the result is the @var{length} members of the array beginning with "
  3736. "@code{$@{@var{parameter}[@var{offset}]@}}. A negative @var{offset} is taken "
  3737. "relative to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It "
  3738. "is an expansion error if @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero."
  3739. msgstr ""
  3740. #. type: table
  3741. #: ./bashref.texi:2196
  3742. msgid "These examples show how you can use substring expansion with indexed arrays:"
  3743. msgstr ""
  3744. #. type: verbatim
  3745. #: ./bashref.texi:2212
  3746. #, no-wrap
  3747. msgid ""
  3748. "$ array=(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h)\n"
  3749. "$ echo ${array[@]:7}\n"
  3750. "7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
  3751. "$ echo ${array[@]:7:2}\n"
  3752. "7 8\n"
  3753. "$ echo ${array[@]: -7:2}\n"
  3754. "b c\n"
  3755. "$ echo ${array[@]: -7:-2}\n"
  3756. "bash: -2: substring expression < 0\n"
  3757. "$ echo ${array[@]:0}\n"
  3758. "0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
  3759. "$ echo ${array[@]:0:2}\n"
  3760. "0 1\n"
  3761. "$ echo ${array[@]: -7:0}\n"
  3762. "\n"
  3763. msgstr ""
  3764. #. type: table
  3765. #: ./bashref.texi:2217
  3766. msgid ""
  3767. "Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined "
  3768. "results."
  3769. msgstr ""
  3770. #. type: table
  3771. #: ./bashref.texi:2222
  3772. msgid ""
  3773. "Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, "
  3774. "in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If @var{offset} is 0, "
  3775. "and the positional parameters are used, @code{$0} is prefixed to the list."
  3776. msgstr ""
  3777. #. type: item
  3778. #: ./bashref.texi:2223
  3779. #, no-wrap
  3780. msgid "$@{!@var{prefix}*@}"
  3781. msgstr ""
  3782. #. type: itemx
  3783. #: ./bashref.texi:2224
  3784. #, no-wrap
  3785. msgid "$@{!@var{prefix}@@@}"
  3786. msgstr ""
  3787. #. type: table
  3788. #: ./bashref.texi:2229
  3789. msgid ""
  3790. "Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with @var{prefix}, "
  3791. "separated by the first character of the @env{IFS} special variable. When "
  3792. "@samp{@@} is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each "
  3793. "variable name expands to a separate word."
  3794. msgstr ""
  3795. #. type: item
  3796. #: ./bashref.texi:2230
  3797. #, no-wrap
  3798. msgid "$@{!@var{name}[@@]@}"
  3799. msgstr ""
  3800. #. type: itemx
  3801. #: ./bashref.texi:2231
  3802. #, no-wrap
  3803. msgid "$@{!@var{name}[*]@}"
  3804. msgstr ""
  3805. #. type: table
  3806. #: ./bashref.texi:2238
  3807. msgid ""
  3808. "If @var{name} is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices "
  3809. "(keys) assigned in @var{name}. If @var{name} is not an array, expands to 0 "
  3810. "if @var{name} is set and null otherwise. When @samp{@@} is used and the "
  3811. "expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word."
  3812. msgstr ""
  3813. #. type: item
  3814. #: ./bashref.texi:2239
  3815. #, no-wrap
  3816. msgid "$@{#@var{parameter}@}"
  3817. msgstr ""
  3818. #. type: table
  3819. #: ./bashref.texi:2251
  3820. msgid ""
  3821. "The length in characters of the expanded value of @var{parameter} is "
  3822. "substituted. If @var{parameter} is @samp{*} or @samp{@@}, the value "
  3823. "substituted is the number of positional parameters. If @var{parameter} is "
  3824. "an array name subscripted by @samp{*} or @samp{@@}, the value substituted is "
  3825. "the number of elements in the array. If @var{parameter} is an indexed array "
  3826. "name subscripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as "
  3827. "relative to one greater than the maximum index of @var{parameter}, so "
  3828. "negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 "
  3829. "references the last element."
  3830. msgstr ""
  3831. #. type: item
  3832. #: ./bashref.texi:2252
  3833. #, no-wrap
  3834. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}#@var{word}@}"
  3835. msgstr ""
  3836. #. type: itemx
  3837. #: ./bashref.texi:2253
  3838. #, no-wrap
  3839. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}##@var{word}@}"
  3840. msgstr ""
  3841. #. type: table
  3842. #: ./bashref.texi:2268
  3843. msgid ""
  3844. "The @var{word} is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the "
  3845. "rules described below (@pxref{Pattern Matching}). If the pattern matches "
  3846. "the beginning of the expanded value of @var{parameter}, then the result of "
  3847. "the expansion is the expanded value of @var{parameter} with the shortest "
  3848. "matching pattern (the @samp{#} case) or the longest matching pattern (the "
  3849. "@samp{##} case) deleted. If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the "
  3850. "pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, "
  3851. "and the expansion is the resultant list. If @var{parameter} is an array "
  3852. "variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the pattern removal "
  3853. "operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion "
  3854. "is the resultant list."
  3855. msgstr ""
  3856. #. type: item
  3857. #: ./bashref.texi:2269
  3858. #, no-wrap
  3859. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}%@var{word}@}"
  3860. msgstr ""
  3861. #. type: itemx
  3862. #: ./bashref.texi:2270
  3863. #, no-wrap
  3864. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}%%@var{word}@}"
  3865. msgstr ""
  3866. #. type: table
  3867. #: ./bashref.texi:2285
  3868. msgid ""
  3869. "The @var{word} is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the "
  3870. "rules described below (@pxref{Pattern Matching}). If the pattern matches a "
  3871. "trailing portion of the expanded value of @var{parameter}, then the result "
  3872. "of the expansion is the value of @var{parameter} with the shortest matching "
  3873. "pattern (the @samp{%} case) or the longest matching pattern (the @samp{%%} "
  3874. "case) deleted. If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the pattern "
  3875. "removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the "
  3876. "expansion is the resultant list. If @var{parameter} is an array variable "
  3877. "subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the pattern removal operation is "
  3878. "applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the "
  3879. "resultant list."
  3880. msgstr ""
  3881. #. type: item
  3882. #: ./bashref.texi:2286
  3883. #, no-wrap
  3884. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}/@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}"
  3885. msgstr ""
  3886. #. type: table
  3887. #: ./bashref.texi:2313
  3888. msgid ""
  3889. "The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename "
  3890. "expansion. @var{Parameter} is expanded and the longest match of "
  3891. "@var{pattern} against its value is replaced with @var{string}. The match is "
  3892. "performed according to the rules described below (@pxref{Pattern "
  3893. "Matching}). If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{/}, all matches of "
  3894. "@var{pattern} are replaced with @var{string}. Normally only the first match "
  3895. "is replaced. If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{#}, it must match at the "
  3896. "beginning of the expanded value of @var{parameter}. If @var{pattern} begins "
  3897. "with @samp{%}, it must match at the end of the expanded value of "
  3898. "@var{parameter}. If @var{string} is null, matches of @var{pattern} are "
  3899. "deleted and the @code{/} following @var{pattern} may be omitted. If the "
  3900. "@code{nocasematch} shell option (see the description of @code{shopt} in "
  3901. "@ref{The Shopt Builtin}) is enabled, the match is performed without regard "
  3902. "to the case of alphabetic characters. If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or "
  3903. "@samp{*}, the substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter "
  3904. "in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If @var{parameter} is an "
  3905. "array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the substitution "
  3906. "operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion "
  3907. "is the resultant list."
  3908. msgstr ""
  3909. #. type: item
  3910. #: ./bashref.texi:2314
  3911. #, no-wrap
  3912. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}^@var{pattern}@}"
  3913. msgstr ""
  3914. #. type: itemx
  3915. #: ./bashref.texi:2315
  3916. #, no-wrap
  3917. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}^^@var{pattern}@}"
  3918. msgstr ""
  3919. #. type: itemx
  3920. #: ./bashref.texi:2316
  3921. #, no-wrap
  3922. msgid "$@{@var{parameter},@var{pattern}@}"
  3923. msgstr ""
  3924. #. type: itemx
  3925. #: ./bashref.texi:2317
  3926. #, no-wrap
  3927. msgid "$@{@var{parameter},,@var{pattern}@}"
  3928. msgstr ""
  3929. #. type: table
  3930. #: ./bashref.texi:2339
  3931. msgid ""
  3932. "This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in "
  3933. "@var{parameter}. The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as "
  3934. "in filename expansion. Each character in the expanded value of "
  3935. "@var{parameter} is tested against @var{pattern}, and, if it matches the "
  3936. "pattern, its case is converted. The pattern should not attempt to match "
  3937. "more than one character. The @samp{^} operator converts lowercase letters "
  3938. "matching @var{pattern} to uppercase; the @samp{,} operator converts matching "
  3939. "uppercase letters to lowercase. The @samp{^^} and @samp{,,} expansions "
  3940. "convert each matched character in the expanded value; the @samp{^} and "
  3941. "@samp{,} expansions match and convert only the first character in the "
  3942. "expanded value. If @var{pattern} is omitted, it is treated like a @samp{?}, "
  3943. "which matches every character. If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, "
  3944. "the case modification operation is applied to each positional parameter in "
  3945. "turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If @var{parameter} is an "
  3946. "array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the case modification "
  3947. "operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion "
  3948. "is the resultant list."
  3949. msgstr ""
  3950. #. type: item
  3951. #: ./bashref.texi:2340
  3952. #, no-wrap
  3953. msgid "$@{@var{parameter}@@@var{operator}@}"
  3954. msgstr ""
  3955. #. type: table
  3956. #: ./bashref.texi:2344
  3957. msgid ""
  3958. "The expansion is either a transformation of the value of @var{parameter} or "
  3959. "information about @var{parameter} itself, depending on the value of "
  3960. "@var{operator}. Each @var{operator} is a single letter:"
  3961. msgstr ""
  3962. #. type: item
  3963. #: ./bashref.texi:2346
  3964. #, no-wrap
  3965. msgid "U"
  3966. msgstr ""
  3967. #. type: table
  3968. #: ./bashref.texi:2349
  3969. msgid ""
  3970. "The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with "
  3971. "lowercase alphabetic characters converted to uppercase."
  3972. msgstr ""
  3973. #. type: item
  3974. #: ./bashref.texi:2349
  3975. #, no-wrap
  3976. msgid "u"
  3977. msgstr ""
  3978. #. type: table
  3979. #: ./bashref.texi:2352
  3980. msgid ""
  3981. "The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with the "
  3982. "first character converted to uppercase, if it is alphabetic."
  3983. msgstr ""
  3984. #. type: item
  3985. #: ./bashref.texi:2352
  3986. #, no-wrap
  3987. msgid "L"
  3988. msgstr ""
  3989. #. type: table
  3990. #: ./bashref.texi:2355
  3991. msgid ""
  3992. "The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with "
  3993. "uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lowercase."
  3994. msgstr ""
  3995. #. type: item
  3996. #: ./bashref.texi:2355
  3997. #, no-wrap
  3998. msgid "Q"
  3999. msgstr ""
  4000. #. type: table
  4001. #: ./bashref.texi:2358
  4002. msgid ""
  4003. "The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} quoted in a "
  4004. "format that can be reused as input."
  4005. msgstr ""
  4006. #. type: item
  4007. #: ./bashref.texi:2358
  4008. #, no-wrap
  4009. msgid "E"
  4010. msgstr ""
  4011. #. type: table
  4012. #: ./bashref.texi:2361
  4013. msgid ""
  4014. "The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with "
  4015. "backslash escape sequences expanded as with the @code{$'@dots{}'} quoting "
  4016. "mechanism."
  4017. msgstr ""
  4018. #. type: item
  4019. #: ./bashref.texi:2361
  4020. #, no-wrap
  4021. msgid "P"
  4022. msgstr ""
  4023. #. type: table
  4024. #: ./bashref.texi:2364
  4025. msgid ""
  4026. "The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of "
  4027. "@var{parameter} as if it were a prompt string (@pxref{Controlling the "
  4028. "Prompt})."
  4029. msgstr ""
  4030. #. type: item
  4031. #: ./bashref.texi:2364
  4032. #, no-wrap
  4033. msgid "A"
  4034. msgstr ""
  4035. #. type: table
  4036. #: ./bashref.texi:2368
  4037. msgid ""
  4038. "The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or "
  4039. "@code{declare} command that, if evaluated, will recreate @var{parameter} "
  4040. "with its attributes and value."
  4041. msgstr ""
  4042. #. type: item
  4043. #: ./bashref.texi:2368
  4044. #, no-wrap
  4045. msgid "K"
  4046. msgstr ""
  4047. #. type: table
  4048. #: ./bashref.texi:2373
  4049. msgid ""
  4050. "Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of @var{parameter}, except "
  4051. "that it prints the values of indexed and associative arrays as a sequence of "
  4052. "quoted key-value pairs (@pxref{Arrays})."
  4053. msgstr ""
  4054. #. type: item
  4055. #: ./bashref.texi:2373
  4056. #, no-wrap
  4057. msgid "a"
  4058. msgstr ""
  4059. #. type: table
  4060. #: ./bashref.texi:2376
  4061. msgid ""
  4062. "The expansion is a string consisting of flag values representing "
  4063. "@var{parameter}'s attributes."
  4064. msgstr ""
  4065. #. type: table
  4066. #: ./bashref.texi:2385
  4067. msgid ""
  4068. "If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the operation is applied to "
  4069. "each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. "
  4070. "If @var{parameter} is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or "
  4071. "@samp{*}, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and "
  4072. "the expansion is the resultant list."
  4073. msgstr ""
  4074. #. type: table
  4075. #: ./bashref.texi:2388
  4076. msgid ""
  4077. "The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and filename "
  4078. "expansion as described below."
  4079. msgstr ""
  4080. #. type: Plain text
  4081. #: ./bashref.texi:2397
  4082. msgid ""
  4083. "Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace the command "
  4084. "itself. Command substitution occurs when a command is enclosed as follows:"
  4085. msgstr ""
  4086. #. type: example
  4087. #: ./bashref.texi:2399
  4088. #, no-wrap
  4089. msgid "$(@var{command})\n"
  4090. msgstr ""
  4091. #. type: example
  4092. #: ./bashref.texi:2404
  4093. #, no-wrap
  4094. msgid "`@var{command}`\n"
  4095. msgstr ""
  4096. #. type: Plain text
  4097. #: ./bashref.texi:2414
  4098. msgid ""
  4099. "Bash performs the expansion by executing @var{command} in a subshell "
  4100. "environment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output "
  4101. "of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are "
  4102. "not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The command "
  4103. "substitution @code{$(cat @var{file})} can be replaced by the equivalent but "
  4104. "faster @code{$(< @var{file})}."
  4105. msgstr ""
  4106. #. type: Plain text
  4107. #: ./bashref.texi:2422
  4108. msgid ""
  4109. "When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash retains "
  4110. "its literal meaning except when followed by @samp{$}, @samp{`}, or "
  4111. "@samp{\\}. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the "
  4112. "command substitution. When using the @code{$(@var{command})} form, all "
  4113. "characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated "
  4114. "specially."
  4115. msgstr ""
  4116. #. type: Plain text
  4117. #: ./bashref.texi:2425
  4118. msgid ""
  4119. "Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted "
  4120. "form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes."
  4121. msgstr ""
  4122. #. type: Plain text
  4123. #: ./bashref.texi:2428
  4124. msgid ""
  4125. "If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and "
  4126. "filename expansion are not performed on the results."
  4127. msgstr ""
  4128. #. type: cindex
  4129. #: ./bashref.texi:2431
  4130. #, no-wrap
  4131. msgid "expansion, arithmetic"
  4132. msgstr ""
  4133. #. type: Plain text
  4134. #: ./bashref.texi:2436
  4135. msgid ""
  4136. "Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression and "
  4137. "the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:"
  4138. msgstr ""
  4139. #. type: example
  4140. #: ./bashref.texi:2439
  4141. #, no-wrap
  4142. msgid "$(( @var{expression} ))\n"
  4143. msgstr ""
  4144. #. type: Plain text
  4145. #: ./bashref.texi:2447
  4146. msgid ""
  4147. "The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double "
  4148. "quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the "
  4149. "expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, "
  4150. "and quote removal. The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be "
  4151. "evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested."
  4152. msgstr ""
  4153. #. type: Plain text
  4154. #: ./bashref.texi:2452
  4155. msgid ""
  4156. "The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below "
  4157. "(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}). If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a "
  4158. "message indicating failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs."
  4159. msgstr ""
  4160. #. type: cindex
  4161. #: ./bashref.texi:2455
  4162. #, no-wrap
  4163. msgid "process substitution"
  4164. msgstr ""
  4165. #. type: Plain text
  4166. #: ./bashref.texi:2460
  4167. msgid ""
  4168. "Process substitution allows a process's input or output to be referred to "
  4169. "using a filename. It takes the form of"
  4170. msgstr ""
  4171. #. type: example
  4172. #: ./bashref.texi:2462
  4173. #, no-wrap
  4174. msgid "<(@var{list})\n"
  4175. msgstr ""
  4176. #. type: example
  4177. #: ./bashref.texi:2467
  4178. #, no-wrap
  4179. msgid ">(@var{list})\n"
  4180. msgstr ""
  4181. #. type: Plain text
  4182. #: ./bashref.texi:2483
  4183. msgid ""
  4184. "The process @var{list} is run asynchronously, and its input or output "
  4185. "appears as a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the "
  4186. "current command as the result of the expansion. If the @code{>(@var{list})} "
  4187. "form is used, writing to the file will provide input for @var{list}. If the "
  4188. "@code{<(@var{list})} form is used, the file passed as an argument should be "
  4189. "read to obtain the output of @var{list}. Note that no space may appear "
  4190. "between the @code{<} or @code{>} and the left parenthesis, otherwise the "
  4191. "construct would be interpreted as a redirection. Process substitution is "
  4192. "supported on systems that support named pipes (@sc{fifo}s) or the "
  4193. "@file{/dev/fd} method of naming open files."
  4194. msgstr ""
  4195. #. type: Plain text
  4196. #: ./bashref.texi:2487
  4197. msgid ""
  4198. "When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with "
  4199. "parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic "
  4200. "expansion."
  4201. msgstr ""
  4202. #. type: Plain text
  4203. #: ./bashref.texi:2495
  4204. msgid ""
  4205. "The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution, "
  4206. "and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for word "
  4207. "splitting."
  4208. msgstr ""
  4209. #. type: Plain text
  4210. #: ./bashref.texi:2515
  4211. msgid ""
  4212. "The shell treats each character of @env{$IFS} as a delimiter, and splits the "
  4213. "results of the other expansions into words using these characters as field "
  4214. "terminators. If @env{IFS} is unset, or its value is exactly "
  4215. "@code{<space><tab><newline>}, the default, then sequences of @code{ "
  4216. "<space>}, @code{<tab>}, and @code{<newline>} at the beginning and end of the "
  4217. "results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any sequence of "
  4218. "@env{IFS} characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words. "
  4219. "If @env{IFS} has a value other than the default, then sequences of the "
  4220. "whitespace characters @code{space}, @code{tab}, and @code{newline} are "
  4221. "ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace "
  4222. "character is in the value of @env{IFS} (an @env{IFS} whitespace character). "
  4223. "Any character in @env{IFS} that is not @env{IFS} whitespace, along with any "
  4224. "adjacent @env{IFS} whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of "
  4225. "@env{IFS} whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the "
  4226. "value of @env{IFS} is null, no word splitting occurs."
  4227. msgstr ""
  4228. #. type: Plain text
  4229. #: ./bashref.texi:2528
  4230. msgid ""
  4231. "Explicit null arguments (@code{\"\"} or @code{''}) are retained and passed "
  4232. "to commands as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting "
  4233. "from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a "
  4234. "parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument "
  4235. "results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. When a "
  4236. "quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is non-null, "
  4237. "the null argument is removed. That is, the word @code{-d''} becomes "
  4238. "@code{-d} after word splitting and null argument removal."
  4239. msgstr ""
  4240. #. type: Plain text
  4241. #: ./bashref.texi:2531
  4242. msgid "Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed."
  4243. msgstr ""
  4244. #. type: subsubsection
  4245. #: ./bashref.texi:2536 ./bashref.texi:2595 ./bashref.texi:2596
  4246. #, no-wrap
  4247. msgid "Pattern Matching"
  4248. msgstr ""
  4249. #. type: menuentry
  4250. #: ./bashref.texi:2536
  4251. msgid "How the shell matches patterns."
  4252. msgstr ""
  4253. #. type: cindex
  4254. #: ./bashref.texi:2537
  4255. #, no-wrap
  4256. msgid "expansion, filename"
  4257. msgstr ""
  4258. #. type: cindex
  4259. #: ./bashref.texi:2538
  4260. #, no-wrap
  4261. msgid "expansion, pathname"
  4262. msgstr ""
  4263. #. type: cindex
  4264. #: ./bashref.texi:2540
  4265. #, no-wrap
  4266. msgid "pathname expansion"
  4267. msgstr ""
  4268. #. type: Plain text
  4269. #: ./bashref.texi:2558
  4270. msgid ""
  4271. "After word splitting, unless the @option{-f} option has been set (@pxref{The "
  4272. "Set Builtin}), Bash scans each word for the characters @samp{*}, @samp{?}, "
  4273. "and @samp{[}. If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then "
  4274. "the word is regarded as a @var{pattern}, and replaced with an alphabetically "
  4275. "sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (@pxref{Pattern Matching}). "
  4276. "If no matching filenames are found, and the shell option @code{nullglob} is "
  4277. "disabled, the word is left unchanged. If the @code{nullglob} option is set, "
  4278. "and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the @code{failglob} shell "
  4279. "option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the "
  4280. "command is not executed. If the shell option @code{nocaseglob} is enabled, "
  4281. "the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters."
  4282. msgstr ""
  4283. #. type: Plain text
  4284. #: ./bashref.texi:2565
  4285. msgid ""
  4286. "When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character @samp{.} at the "
  4287. "start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be matched "
  4288. "explicitly, unless the shell option @code{dotglob} is set. The filenames "
  4289. "@samp{.} and @samp{..} must always be matched explicitly, even if "
  4290. "@code{dotglob} is set. In other cases, the @samp{.} character is not "
  4291. "treated specially."
  4292. msgstr ""
  4293. #. type: Plain text
  4294. #: ./bashref.texi:2570
  4295. msgid ""
  4296. "When matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched "
  4297. "explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can "
  4298. "be matched by a special pattern character as described below (@pxref{Pattern "
  4299. "Matching})."
  4300. msgstr ""
  4301. #. type: Plain text
  4302. #: ./bashref.texi:2574
  4303. msgid ""
  4304. "See the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin}, for a "
  4305. "description of the @code{nocaseglob}, @code{nullglob}, @code{failglob}, and "
  4306. "@code{dotglob} options."
  4307. msgstr ""
  4308. #. type: Plain text
  4309. #: ./bashref.texi:2594
  4310. msgid ""
  4311. "The @env{GLOBIGNORE} shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file "
  4312. "names matching a pattern. If @env{GLOBIGNORE} is set, each matching file "
  4313. "name that also matches one of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE} is removed "
  4314. "from the list of matches. If the @code{nocaseglob} option is set, the "
  4315. "matching against the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE} is performed without "
  4316. "regard to case. The filenames @file{.} and @file{..} are always ignored "
  4317. "when @env{GLOBIGNORE} is set and not null. However, setting "
  4318. "@env{GLOBIGNORE} to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the "
  4319. "@code{dotglob} shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a "
  4320. "@samp{.} will match. To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames "
  4321. "beginning with a @samp{.}, make @samp{.*} one of the patterns in "
  4322. "@env{GLOBIGNORE}. The @code{dotglob} option is disabled when "
  4323. "@env{GLOBIGNORE} is unset."
  4324. msgstr ""
  4325. #. type: cindex
  4326. #: ./bashref.texi:2597
  4327. #, no-wrap
  4328. msgid "pattern matching"
  4329. msgstr ""
  4330. #. type: cindex
  4331. #: ./bashref.texi:2598
  4332. #, no-wrap
  4333. msgid "matching, pattern"
  4334. msgstr ""
  4335. #. type: Plain text
  4336. #: ./bashref.texi:2607
  4337. msgid ""
  4338. "Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern "
  4339. "characters described below, matches itself. The @sc{nul} character may not "
  4340. "occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the "
  4341. "escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern "
  4342. "characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally."
  4343. msgstr ""
  4344. #. type: Plain text
  4345. #: ./bashref.texi:2609
  4346. msgid "The special pattern characters have the following meanings:"
  4347. msgstr ""
  4348. #. type: table
  4349. #: ./bashref.texi:2618
  4350. msgid ""
  4351. "Matches any string, including the null string. When the @code{globstar} "
  4352. "shell option is enabled, and @samp{*} is used in a filename expansion "
  4353. "context, two adjacent @samp{*}s used as a single pattern will match all "
  4354. "files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If followed by a "
  4355. "@samp{/}, two adjacent @samp{*}s will match only directories and "
  4356. "subdirectories."
  4357. msgstr ""
  4358. #. type: table
  4359. #: ./bashref.texi:2620
  4360. msgid "Matches any single character."
  4361. msgstr ""
  4362. #. type: item
  4363. #: ./bashref.texi:2620
  4364. #, no-wrap
  4365. msgid "[@dots{}]"
  4366. msgstr ""
  4367. #. type: table
  4368. #: ./bashref.texi:2634
  4369. msgid ""
  4370. "Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters separated "
  4371. "by a hyphen denotes a @var{range expression}; any character that falls "
  4372. "between those two characters, inclusive, using the current locale's "
  4373. "collating sequence and character set, is matched. If the first character "
  4374. "following the @samp{[} is a @samp{!} or a @samp{^} then any character not "
  4375. "enclosed is matched. A @samp{@minus{}} may be matched by including it as "
  4376. "the first or last character in the set. A @samp{]} may be matched by "
  4377. "including it as the first character in the set. The sorting order of "
  4378. "characters in range expressions is determined by the current locale and the "
  4379. "values of the @env{LC_COLLATE} and @env{LC_ALL} shell variables, if set."
  4380. msgstr ""
  4381. #. type: table
  4382. #: ./bashref.texi:2643
  4383. msgid ""
  4384. "For example, in the default C locale, @samp{[a-dx-z]} is equivalent to "
  4385. "@samp{[abcdxyz]}. Many locales sort characters in dictionary order, and in "
  4386. "these locales @samp{[a-dx-z]} is typically not equivalent to "
  4387. "@samp{[abcdxyz]}; it might be equivalent to @samp{[aBbCcDdxXyYz]}, for "
  4388. "example. To obtain the traditional interpretation of ranges in bracket "
  4389. "expressions, you can force the use of the C locale by setting the "
  4390. "@env{LC_COLLATE} or @env{LC_ALL} environment variable to the value @samp{C}, "
  4391. "or enable the @code{globasciiranges} shell option."
  4392. msgstr ""
  4393. #. type: table
  4394. #: ./bashref.texi:2648
  4395. msgid ""
  4396. "Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, @var{character classes} can be specified using "
  4397. "the syntax @code{[:}@var{class}@code{:]}, where @var{class} is one of the "
  4398. "following classes defined in the @sc{posix} standard:"
  4399. msgstr ""
  4400. #. type: example
  4401. #: ./bashref.texi:2651
  4402. #, no-wrap
  4403. msgid ""
  4404. "alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower\n"
  4405. "print punct space upper word xdigit\n"
  4406. msgstr ""
  4407. #. type: table
  4408. #: ./bashref.texi:2656
  4409. msgid ""
  4410. "A character class matches any character belonging to that class. The "
  4411. "@code{word} character class matches letters, digits, and the character "
  4412. "@samp{_}."
  4413. msgstr ""
  4414. #. type: table
  4415. #: ./bashref.texi:2661
  4416. msgid ""
  4417. "Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, an @var{equivalence class} can be specified "
  4418. "using the syntax @code{[=}@var{c}@code{=]}, which matches all characters "
  4419. "with the same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as the "
  4420. "character @var{c}."
  4421. msgstr ""
  4422. #. type: table
  4423. #: ./bashref.texi:2664
  4424. msgid ""
  4425. "Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, the syntax @code{[.}@var{symbol}@code{.]} "
  4426. "matches the collating symbol @var{symbol}."
  4427. msgstr ""
  4428. #. type: Plain text
  4429. #: ./bashref.texi:2672
  4430. msgid ""
  4431. "If the @code{extglob} shell option is enabled using the @code{shopt} "
  4432. "builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the "
  4433. "following description, a @var{pattern-list} is a list of one or more "
  4434. "patterns separated by a @samp{|}. Composite patterns may be formed using "
  4435. "one or more of the following sub-patterns:"
  4436. msgstr ""
  4437. #. type: item
  4438. #: ./bashref.texi:2674
  4439. #, no-wrap
  4440. msgid "?(@var{pattern-list})"
  4441. msgstr ""
  4442. #. type: table
  4443. #: ./bashref.texi:2676
  4444. msgid "Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns."
  4445. msgstr ""
  4446. #. type: item
  4447. #: ./bashref.texi:2677
  4448. #, no-wrap
  4449. msgid "*(@var{pattern-list})"
  4450. msgstr ""
  4451. #. type: table
  4452. #: ./bashref.texi:2679
  4453. msgid "Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns."
  4454. msgstr ""
  4455. #. type: item
  4456. #: ./bashref.texi:2680
  4457. #, no-wrap
  4458. msgid "+(@var{pattern-list})"
  4459. msgstr ""
  4460. #. type: table
  4461. #: ./bashref.texi:2682
  4462. msgid "Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns."
  4463. msgstr ""
  4464. #. type: item
  4465. #: ./bashref.texi:2683
  4466. #, no-wrap
  4467. msgid "@@(@var{pattern-list})"
  4468. msgstr ""
  4469. #. type: table
  4470. #: ./bashref.texi:2685
  4471. msgid "Matches one of the given patterns."
  4472. msgstr ""
  4473. #. type: item
  4474. #: ./bashref.texi:2686
  4475. #, no-wrap
  4476. msgid "!(@var{pattern-list})"
  4477. msgstr ""
  4478. #. type: table
  4479. #: ./bashref.texi:2688
  4480. msgid "Matches anything except one of the given patterns."
  4481. msgstr ""
  4482. #. type: Plain text
  4483. #: ./bashref.texi:2695
  4484. msgid ""
  4485. "Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, "
  4486. "especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings contain "
  4487. "multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or using "
  4488. "arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be faster."
  4489. msgstr ""
  4490. #. type: Plain text
  4491. #: ./bashref.texi:2702
  4492. msgid ""
  4493. "After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters "
  4494. "@samp{\\}, @samp{'}, and @samp{\"} that did not result from one of the above "
  4495. "expansions are removed."
  4496. msgstr ""
  4497. #. type: cindex
  4498. #: ./bashref.texi:2705
  4499. #, no-wrap
  4500. msgid "redirection"
  4501. msgstr ""
  4502. #. type: Plain text
  4503. #: ./bashref.texi:2720
  4504. msgid ""
  4505. "Before a command is executed, its input and output may be @var{redirected} "
  4506. "using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows "
  4507. "commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to "
  4508. "different files, and can change the files the command reads from and writes "
  4509. "to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the current "
  4510. "shell execution environment. The following redirection operators may "
  4511. "precede or appear anywhere within a simple command or may follow a command. "
  4512. "Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right."
  4513. msgstr ""
  4514. #. type: Plain text
  4515. #: ./bashref.texi:2731
  4516. msgid ""
  4517. "Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may "
  4518. "instead be preceded by a word of the form @{@var{varname}@}. In this case, "
  4519. "for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a "
  4520. "file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to @{@var{varname}@}. If >&- "
  4521. "or <&- is preceded by @{@var{varname}@}, the value of @var{varname} defines "
  4522. "the file descriptor to close. If @{@var{varname}@} is supplied, the "
  4523. "redirection persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell "
  4524. "programmer to manage the file descriptor's lifetime manually."
  4525. msgstr ""
  4526. #. type: Plain text
  4527. #: ./bashref.texi:2738
  4528. msgid ""
  4529. "In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and "
  4530. "the first character of the redirection operator is @samp{<}, the redirection "
  4531. "refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the first character of "
  4532. "the redirection operator is @samp{>}, the redirection refers to the standard "
  4533. "output (file descriptor 1)."
  4534. msgstr ""
  4535. #. type: Plain text
  4536. #: ./bashref.texi:2744
  4537. msgid ""
  4538. "The word following the redirection operator in the following descriptions, "
  4539. "unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde expansion, "
  4540. "parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, quote "
  4541. "removal, filename expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than "
  4542. "one word, Bash reports an error."
  4543. msgstr ""
  4544. #. type: Plain text
  4545. #: ./bashref.texi:2747
  4546. msgid ""
  4547. "Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the "
  4548. "command"
  4549. msgstr ""
  4550. #. type: example
  4551. #: ./bashref.texi:2749
  4552. #, no-wrap
  4553. msgid "ls > @var{dirlist} 2>&1\n"
  4554. msgstr ""
  4555. #. type: Plain text
  4556. #: ./bashref.texi:2753
  4557. msgid ""
  4558. "directs both standard output (file descriptor 1) and standard error (file "
  4559. "descriptor 2) to the file @var{dirlist}, while the command"
  4560. msgstr ""
  4561. #. type: example
  4562. #: ./bashref.texi:2755
  4563. #, no-wrap
  4564. msgid "ls 2>&1 > @var{dirlist}\n"
  4565. msgstr ""
  4566. #. type: Plain text
  4567. #: ./bashref.texi:2760
  4568. msgid ""
  4569. "directs only the standard output to file @var{dirlist}, because the standard "
  4570. "error was made a copy of the standard output before the standard output was "
  4571. "redirected to @var{dirlist}."
  4572. msgstr ""
  4573. #. type: Plain text
  4574. #: ./bashref.texi:2766
  4575. msgid ""
  4576. "Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirections, "
  4577. "as described in the following table. If the operating system on which Bash "
  4578. "is running provides these special files, bash will use them; otherwise it "
  4579. "will emulate them internally with the behavior described below."
  4580. msgstr ""
  4581. #. type: item
  4582. #: ./bashref.texi:2768
  4583. #, no-wrap
  4584. msgid "/dev/fd/@var{fd}"
  4585. msgstr ""
  4586. #. type: table
  4587. #: ./bashref.texi:2770
  4588. msgid "If @var{fd} is a valid integer, file descriptor @var{fd} is duplicated."
  4589. msgstr ""
  4590. #. type: item
  4591. #: ./bashref.texi:2771
  4592. #, no-wrap
  4593. msgid "/dev/stdin"
  4594. msgstr ""
  4595. #. type: table
  4596. #: ./bashref.texi:2773
  4597. msgid "File descriptor 0 is duplicated."
  4598. msgstr ""
  4599. #. type: item
  4600. #: ./bashref.texi:2774
  4601. #, no-wrap
  4602. msgid "/dev/stdout"
  4603. msgstr ""
  4604. #. type: table
  4605. #: ./bashref.texi:2776
  4606. msgid "File descriptor 1 is duplicated."
  4607. msgstr ""
  4608. #. type: item
  4609. #: ./bashref.texi:2777
  4610. #, no-wrap
  4611. msgid "/dev/stderr"
  4612. msgstr ""
  4613. #. type: table
  4614. #: ./bashref.texi:2779
  4615. msgid "File descriptor 2 is duplicated."
  4616. msgstr ""
  4617. #. type: item
  4618. #: ./bashref.texi:2780
  4619. #, no-wrap
  4620. msgid "/dev/tcp/@var{host}/@var{port}"
  4621. msgstr ""
  4622. #. type: table
  4623. #: ./bashref.texi:2784
  4624. msgid ""
  4625. "If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port} is an "
  4626. "integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open the corresponding "
  4627. "TCP socket."
  4628. msgstr ""
  4629. #. type: item
  4630. #: ./bashref.texi:2785
  4631. #, no-wrap
  4632. msgid "/dev/udp/@var{host}/@var{port}"
  4633. msgstr ""
  4634. #. type: table
  4635. #: ./bashref.texi:2789
  4636. msgid ""
  4637. "If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port} is an "
  4638. "integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open the corresponding "
  4639. "UDP socket."
  4640. msgstr ""
  4641. #. type: Plain text
  4642. #: ./bashref.texi:2792
  4643. msgid "A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail."
  4644. msgstr ""
  4645. #. type: Plain text
  4646. #: ./bashref.texi:2796
  4647. msgid ""
  4648. "Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with care, "
  4649. "as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses internally."
  4650. msgstr ""
  4651. #. type: subsection
  4652. #: ./bashref.texi:2797
  4653. #, no-wrap
  4654. msgid "Redirecting Input"
  4655. msgstr ""
  4656. #. type: Plain text
  4657. #: ./bashref.texi:2803
  4658. msgid ""
  4659. "Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expansion "
  4660. "of @var{word} to be opened for reading on file descriptor @code{n}, or the "
  4661. "standard input (file descriptor 0) if @code{n} is not specified."
  4662. msgstr ""
  4663. #. type: Plain text
  4664. #: ./bashref.texi:2805
  4665. msgid "The general format for redirecting input is:"
  4666. msgstr ""
  4667. #. type: example
  4668. #: ./bashref.texi:2807
  4669. #, no-wrap
  4670. msgid "[@var{n}]<@var{word}\n"
  4671. msgstr ""
  4672. #. type: subsection
  4673. #: ./bashref.texi:2809
  4674. #, no-wrap
  4675. msgid "Redirecting Output"
  4676. msgstr ""
  4677. #. type: Plain text
  4678. #: ./bashref.texi:2816
  4679. msgid ""
  4680. "Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion "
  4681. "of @var{word} to be opened for writing on file descriptor @var{n}, or the "
  4682. "standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n} is not specified. If the "
  4683. "file does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero "
  4684. "size."
  4685. msgstr ""
  4686. #. type: Plain text
  4687. #: ./bashref.texi:2818
  4688. msgid "The general format for redirecting output is:"
  4689. msgstr ""
  4690. #. type: example
  4691. #: ./bashref.texi:2820
  4692. #, no-wrap
  4693. msgid "[@var{n}]>[|]@var{word}\n"
  4694. msgstr ""
  4695. #. type: Plain text
  4696. #: ./bashref.texi:2829
  4697. msgid ""
  4698. "If the redirection operator is @samp{>}, and the @code{noclobber} option to "
  4699. "the @code{set} builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the "
  4700. "file whose name results from the expansion of @var{word} exists and is a "
  4701. "regular file. If the redirection operator is @samp{>|}, or the redirection "
  4702. "operator is @samp{>} and the @code{noclobber} option is not enabled, the "
  4703. "redirection is attempted even if the file named by @var{word} exists."
  4704. msgstr ""
  4705. #. type: subsection
  4706. #: ./bashref.texi:2830
  4707. #, no-wrap
  4708. msgid "Appending Redirected Output"
  4709. msgstr ""
  4710. #. type: Plain text
  4711. #: ./bashref.texi:2837
  4712. msgid ""
  4713. "Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name results "
  4714. "from the expansion of @var{word} to be opened for appending on file "
  4715. "descriptor @var{n}, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n} is "
  4716. "not specified. If the file does not exist it is created."
  4717. msgstr ""
  4718. #. type: Plain text
  4719. #: ./bashref.texi:2839
  4720. msgid "The general format for appending output is:"
  4721. msgstr ""
  4722. #. type: example
  4723. #: ./bashref.texi:2841
  4724. #, no-wrap
  4725. msgid "[@var{n}]>>@var{word}\n"
  4726. msgstr ""
  4727. #. type: subsection
  4728. #: ./bashref.texi:2843
  4729. #, no-wrap
  4730. msgid "Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error"
  4731. msgstr ""
  4732. #. type: Plain text
  4733. #: ./bashref.texi:2849
  4734. msgid ""
  4735. "This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the "
  4736. "standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file "
  4737. "whose name is the expansion of @var{word}."
  4738. msgstr ""
  4739. #. type: Plain text
  4740. #: ./bashref.texi:2852
  4741. msgid "There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error:"
  4742. msgstr ""
  4743. #. type: example
  4744. #: ./bashref.texi:2854
  4745. #, no-wrap
  4746. msgid "&>@var{word}\n"
  4747. msgstr ""
  4748. #. type: Plain text
  4749. #: ./bashref.texi:2857
  4750. msgid "and"
  4751. msgstr ""
  4752. #. type: example
  4753. #: ./bashref.texi:2859
  4754. #, no-wrap
  4755. msgid ">&@var{word}\n"
  4756. msgstr ""
  4757. #. type: Plain text
  4758. #: ./bashref.texi:2863
  4759. msgid ""
  4760. "Of the two forms, the first is preferred. This is semantically equivalent "
  4761. "to"
  4762. msgstr ""
  4763. #. type: example
  4764. #: ./bashref.texi:2865
  4765. #, no-wrap
  4766. msgid ">@var{word} 2>&1\n"
  4767. msgstr ""
  4768. #. type: Plain text
  4769. #: ./bashref.texi:2869
  4770. msgid ""
  4771. "When using the second form, @var{word} may not expand to a number or "
  4772. "@samp{-}. If it does, other redirection operators apply (see Duplicating "
  4773. "File Descriptors below) for compatibility reasons."
  4774. msgstr ""
  4775. #. type: subsection
  4776. #: ./bashref.texi:2870
  4777. #, no-wrap
  4778. msgid "Appending Standard Output and Standard Error"
  4779. msgstr ""
  4780. #. type: Plain text
  4781. #: ./bashref.texi:2876
  4782. msgid ""
  4783. "This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the "
  4784. "standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose "
  4785. "name is the expansion of @var{word}."
  4786. msgstr ""
  4787. #. type: Plain text
  4788. #: ./bashref.texi:2878
  4789. msgid "The format for appending standard output and standard error is:"
  4790. msgstr ""
  4791. #. type: example
  4792. #: ./bashref.texi:2880
  4793. #, no-wrap
  4794. msgid "&>>@var{word}\n"
  4795. msgstr ""
  4796. #. type: Plain text
  4797. #: ./bashref.texi:2883
  4798. msgid "This is semantically equivalent to"
  4799. msgstr ""
  4800. #. type: example
  4801. #: ./bashref.texi:2885
  4802. #, no-wrap
  4803. msgid ">>@var{word} 2>&1\n"
  4804. msgstr ""
  4805. #. type: Plain text
  4806. #: ./bashref.texi:2887
  4807. msgid "(see Duplicating File Descriptors below)."
  4808. msgstr ""
  4809. #. type: subsection
  4810. #: ./bashref.texi:2888
  4811. #, no-wrap
  4812. msgid "Here Documents"
  4813. msgstr ""
  4814. #. type: Plain text
  4815. #: ./bashref.texi:2894
  4816. msgid ""
  4817. "This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current "
  4818. "source until a line containing only @var{word} (with no trailing blanks) is "
  4819. "seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard "
  4820. "input (or file descriptor @var{n} if @var{n} is specified) for a command."
  4821. msgstr ""
  4822. #. type: Plain text
  4823. #: ./bashref.texi:2896
  4824. msgid "The format of here-documents is:"
  4825. msgstr ""
  4826. #. type: example
  4827. #: ./bashref.texi:2900
  4828. #, no-wrap
  4829. msgid ""
  4830. "[@var{n}]<<[@minus{}]@var{word}\n"
  4831. " @var{here-document}\n"
  4832. "@var{delimiter}\n"
  4833. msgstr ""
  4834. #. type: Plain text
  4835. #: ./bashref.texi:2913
  4836. msgid ""
  4837. "No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic "
  4838. "expansion, or filename expansion is performed on @var{word}. If any part of "
  4839. "@var{word} is quoted, the @var{delimiter} is the result of quote removal on "
  4840. "@var{word}, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If "
  4841. "@var{word} is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to "
  4842. "parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the "
  4843. "character sequence @code{\\newline} is ignored, and @samp{\\} must be used "
  4844. "to quote the characters @samp{\\}, @samp{$}, and @samp{`}."
  4845. msgstr ""
  4846. #. type: Plain text
  4847. #: ./bashref.texi:2919
  4848. msgid ""
  4849. "If the redirection operator is @samp{<<-}, then all leading tab characters "
  4850. "are stripped from input lines and the line containing @var{delimiter}. This "
  4851. "allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural "
  4852. "fashion."
  4853. msgstr ""
  4854. #. type: subsection
  4855. #: ./bashref.texi:2920
  4856. #, no-wrap
  4857. msgid "Here Strings"
  4858. msgstr ""
  4859. #. type: Plain text
  4860. #: ./bashref.texi:2922
  4861. msgid "A variant of here documents, the format is:"
  4862. msgstr ""
  4863. #. type: example
  4864. #: ./bashref.texi:2924
  4865. #, no-wrap
  4866. msgid "[@var{n}]<<< @var{word}\n"
  4867. msgstr ""
  4868. #. type: Plain text
  4869. #: ./bashref.texi:2934
  4870. msgid ""
  4871. "The @var{word} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, "
  4872. "command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Filename "
  4873. "expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is supplied as a "
  4874. "single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its standard input "
  4875. "(or file descriptor @var{n} if @var{n} is specified)."
  4876. msgstr ""
  4877. #. type: subsection
  4878. #: ./bashref.texi:2935
  4879. #, no-wrap
  4880. msgid "Duplicating File Descriptors"
  4881. msgstr ""
  4882. #. type: Plain text
  4883. #: ./bashref.texi:2937 ./bashref.texi:2968 ./bashref.texi:2986
  4884. msgid "The redirection operator"
  4885. msgstr ""
  4886. #. type: example
  4887. #: ./bashref.texi:2939
  4888. #, no-wrap
  4889. msgid "[@var{n}]<&@var{word}\n"
  4890. msgstr ""
  4891. #. type: Plain text
  4892. #: ./bashref.texi:2950
  4893. msgid ""
  4894. "is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If @var{word} expands to one "
  4895. "or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by @var{n} is made to be a copy "
  4896. "of that file descriptor. If the digits in @var{word} do not specify a file "
  4897. "descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If @var{word} "
  4898. "evaluates to @samp{-}, file descriptor @var{n} is closed. If @var{n} is not "
  4899. "specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used."
  4900. msgstr ""
  4901. #. type: Plain text
  4902. #: ./bashref.texi:2952
  4903. msgid "The operator"
  4904. msgstr ""
  4905. #. type: example
  4906. #: ./bashref.texi:2954
  4907. #, no-wrap
  4908. msgid "[@var{n}]>&@var{word}\n"
  4909. msgstr ""
  4910. #. type: Plain text
  4911. #: ./bashref.texi:2965
  4912. msgid ""
  4913. "is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If @var{n} is not "
  4914. "specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the digits "
  4915. "in @var{word} do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a "
  4916. "redirection error occurs. If @var{word} evaluates to @samp{-}, file "
  4917. "descriptor @var{n} is closed. As a special case, if @var{n} is omitted, and "
  4918. "@var{word} does not expand to one or more digits or @samp{-}, the standard "
  4919. "output and standard error are redirected as described previously."
  4920. msgstr ""
  4921. #. type: subsection
  4922. #: ./bashref.texi:2966
  4923. #, no-wrap
  4924. msgid "Moving File Descriptors"
  4925. msgstr ""
  4926. #. type: example
  4927. #: ./bashref.texi:2970
  4928. #, no-wrap
  4929. msgid "[@var{n}]<&@var{digit}-\n"
  4930. msgstr ""
  4931. #. type: Plain text
  4932. #: ./bashref.texi:2975
  4933. msgid ""
  4934. "moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n}, or the "
  4935. "standard input (file descriptor 0) if @var{n} is not specified. @var{digit} "
  4936. "is closed after being duplicated to @var{n}."
  4937. msgstr ""
  4938. #. type: Plain text
  4939. #: ./bashref.texi:2977
  4940. msgid "Similarly, the redirection operator"
  4941. msgstr ""
  4942. #. type: example
  4943. #: ./bashref.texi:2979
  4944. #, no-wrap
  4945. msgid "[@var{n}]>&@var{digit}-\n"
  4946. msgstr ""
  4947. #. type: Plain text
  4948. #: ./bashref.texi:2983
  4949. msgid ""
  4950. "moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n}, or the "
  4951. "standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n} is not specified."
  4952. msgstr ""
  4953. #. type: subsection
  4954. #: ./bashref.texi:2984
  4955. #, no-wrap
  4956. msgid "Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing"
  4957. msgstr ""
  4958. #. type: example
  4959. #: ./bashref.texi:2988
  4960. #, no-wrap
  4961. msgid "[@var{n}]<>@var{word}\n"
  4962. msgstr ""
  4963. #. type: Plain text
  4964. #: ./bashref.texi:2994
  4965. msgid ""
  4966. "causes the file whose name is the expansion of @var{word} to be opened for "
  4967. "both reading and writing on file descriptor @var{n}, or on file descriptor 0 "
  4968. "if @var{n} is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created."
  4969. msgstr ""
  4970. #. type: subsection
  4971. #: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3012 ./bashref.texi:3013
  4972. #, no-wrap
  4973. msgid "Simple Command Expansion"
  4974. msgstr ""
  4975. #. type: menuentry
  4976. #: ./bashref.texi:3010
  4977. msgid "How Bash expands simple commands before executing them."
  4978. msgstr ""
  4979. #. type: subsection
  4980. #: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3058 ./bashref.texi:3059
  4981. #, no-wrap
  4982. msgid "Command Search and Execution"
  4983. msgstr ""
  4984. #. type: menuentry
  4985. #: ./bashref.texi:3010
  4986. msgid "How Bash finds commands and runs them."
  4987. msgstr ""
  4988. #. type: subsection
  4989. #: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3115 ./bashref.texi:3116
  4990. #, no-wrap
  4991. msgid "Command Execution Environment"
  4992. msgstr ""
  4993. #. type: menuentry
  4994. #: ./bashref.texi:3010
  4995. msgid "The environment in which Bash executes commands that are not shell builtins."
  4996. msgstr ""
  4997. #. type: subsection
  4998. #: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3211 ./bashref.texi:3212
  4999. #, no-wrap
  5000. msgid "Environment"
  5001. msgstr ""
  5002. #. type: menuentry
  5003. #: ./bashref.texi:3010
  5004. msgid "The environment given to a command."
  5005. msgstr ""
  5006. #. type: subsection
  5007. #: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3249 ./bashref.texi:3250
  5008. #, no-wrap
  5009. msgid "Exit Status"
  5010. msgstr ""
  5011. #. type: menuentry
  5012. #: ./bashref.texi:3010
  5013. msgid "The status returned by commands and how Bash interprets it."
  5014. msgstr ""
  5015. #. type: subsection
  5016. #: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3287 ./bashref.texi:3288
  5017. #, no-wrap
  5018. msgid "Signals"
  5019. msgstr ""
  5020. #. type: menuentry
  5021. #: ./bashref.texi:3010
  5022. msgid "What happens when Bash or a command it runs receives a signal."
  5023. msgstr ""
  5024. #. type: cindex
  5025. #: ./bashref.texi:3014
  5026. #, no-wrap
  5027. msgid "command expansion"
  5028. msgstr ""
  5029. #. type: Plain text
  5030. #: ./bashref.texi:3019
  5031. msgid ""
  5032. "When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following "
  5033. "expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the "
  5034. "following order."
  5035. msgstr ""
  5036. #. type: enumerate
  5037. #: ./bashref.texi:3025
  5038. msgid ""
  5039. "The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those "
  5040. "preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing."
  5041. msgstr ""
  5042. #. type: enumerate
  5043. #: ./bashref.texi:3032
  5044. msgid ""
  5045. "The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are expanded "
  5046. "(@pxref{Shell Expansions}). If any words remain after expansion, the first "
  5047. "word is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the "
  5048. "arguments."
  5049. msgstr ""
  5050. #. type: enumerate
  5051. #: ./bashref.texi:3035
  5052. msgid "Redirections are performed as described above (@pxref{Redirections})."
  5053. msgstr ""
  5054. #. type: enumerate
  5055. #: ./bashref.texi:3040
  5056. msgid ""
  5057. "The text after the @samp{=} in each variable assignment undergoes tilde "
  5058. "expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, "
  5059. "and quote removal before being assigned to the variable."
  5060. msgstr ""
  5061. #. type: Plain text
  5062. #: ./bashref.texi:3047
  5063. msgid ""
  5064. "If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current "
  5065. "shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment of "
  5066. "the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment. If "
  5067. "any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable, an "
  5068. "error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status."
  5069. msgstr ""
  5070. #. type: Plain text
  5071. #: ./bashref.texi:3051
  5072. msgid ""
  5073. "If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not affect "
  5074. "the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to "
  5075. "exit with a non-zero status."
  5076. msgstr ""
  5077. #. type: Plain text
  5078. #: ./bashref.texi:3057
  5079. msgid ""
  5080. "If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as "
  5081. "described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expansions "
  5082. "contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is the exit "
  5083. "status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command "
  5084. "substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero."
  5085. msgstr ""
  5086. #. type: cindex
  5087. #: ./bashref.texi:3060
  5088. #, no-wrap
  5089. msgid "command execution"
  5090. msgstr ""
  5091. #. type: cindex
  5092. #: ./bashref.texi:3061
  5093. #, no-wrap
  5094. msgid "command search"
  5095. msgstr ""
  5096. #. type: Plain text
  5097. #: ./bashref.texi:3066
  5098. msgid ""
  5099. "After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple command "
  5100. "and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken."
  5101. msgstr ""
  5102. #. type: enumerate
  5103. #: ./bashref.texi:3072
  5104. msgid ""
  5105. "If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate it. "
  5106. "If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is invoked as "
  5107. "described in @ref{Shell Functions}."
  5108. msgstr ""
  5109. #. type: enumerate
  5110. #: ./bashref.texi:3077
  5111. msgid ""
  5112. "If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for it in the list "
  5113. "of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked."
  5114. msgstr ""
  5115. #. type: enumerate
  5116. #: ./bashref.texi:3095
  5117. msgid ""
  5118. "If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no "
  5119. "slashes, Bash searches each element of @env{$PATH} for a directory "
  5120. "containing an executable file by that name. Bash uses a hash table to "
  5121. "remember the full pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple @env{PATH} "
  5122. "searches (see the description of @code{hash} in @ref{Bourne Shell "
  5123. "Builtins}). A full search of the directories in @env{$PATH} is performed "
  5124. "only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is "
  5125. "unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named "
  5126. "@code{command_not_found_handle}. If that function exists, it is invoked in "
  5127. "a separate execution environment with the original command and the original "
  5128. "command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit status becomes "
  5129. "the exit status of that subshell. If that function is not defined, the "
  5130. "shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127."
  5131. msgstr ""
  5132. #. type: enumerate
  5133. #: ./bashref.texi:3102
  5134. msgid ""
  5135. "If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more "
  5136. "slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execution "
  5137. "environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining "
  5138. "arguments to the command are set to the arguments supplied, if any."
  5139. msgstr ""
  5140. #. type: enumerate
  5141. #: ./bashref.texi:3108
  5142. msgid ""
  5143. "If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, and "
  5144. "the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a @var{shell script} and "
  5145. "the shell executes it as described in @ref{Shell Scripts}."
  5146. msgstr ""
  5147. #. type: enumerate
  5148. #: ./bashref.texi:3112
  5149. msgid ""
  5150. "If the command was not begun asynchronously, the shell waits for the command "
  5151. "to complete and collects its exit status."
  5152. msgstr ""
  5153. #. type: cindex
  5154. #: ./bashref.texi:3117
  5155. #, no-wrap
  5156. msgid "execution environment"
  5157. msgstr ""
  5158. #. type: Plain text
  5159. #: ./bashref.texi:3121
  5160. msgid ""
  5161. "The shell has an @var{execution environment}, which consists of the "
  5162. "following:"
  5163. msgstr ""
  5164. #. type: itemize
  5165. #: ./bashref.texi:3126
  5166. msgid ""
  5167. "open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections "
  5168. "supplied to the @code{exec} builtin"
  5169. msgstr ""
  5170. #. type: itemize
  5171. #: ./bashref.texi:3130
  5172. msgid ""
  5173. "the current working directory as set by @code{cd}, @code{pushd}, or "
  5174. "@code{popd}, or inherited by the shell at invocation"
  5175. msgstr ""
  5176. #. type: itemize
  5177. #: ./bashref.texi:3134
  5178. msgid ""
  5179. "the file creation mode mask as set by @code{umask} or inherited from the "
  5180. "shell's parent"
  5181. msgstr ""
  5182. #. type: itemize
  5183. #: ./bashref.texi:3137
  5184. msgid "current traps set by @code{trap}"
  5185. msgstr ""
  5186. #. type: itemize
  5187. #: ./bashref.texi:3141
  5188. msgid ""
  5189. "shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with @code{set} or "
  5190. "inherited from the shell's parent in the environment"
  5191. msgstr ""
  5192. #. type: itemize
  5193. #: ./bashref.texi:3145
  5194. msgid ""
  5195. "shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's "
  5196. "parent in the environment"
  5197. msgstr ""
  5198. #. type: itemize
  5199. #: ./bashref.texi:3149
  5200. msgid ""
  5201. "options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line "
  5202. "arguments) or by @code{set}"
  5203. msgstr ""
  5204. #. type: itemize
  5205. #: ./bashref.texi:3152
  5206. msgid "options enabled by @code{shopt} (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin})"
  5207. msgstr ""
  5208. #. type: itemize
  5209. #: ./bashref.texi:3155
  5210. msgid "shell aliases defined with @code{alias} (@pxref{Aliases})"
  5211. msgstr ""
  5212. #. type: itemize
  5213. #: ./bashref.texi:3160
  5214. msgid ""
  5215. "various process @sc{id}s, including those of background jobs "
  5216. "(@pxref{Lists}), the value of @code{$$}, and the value of @env{$PPID}"
  5217. msgstr ""
  5218. #. type: Plain text
  5219. #: ./bashref.texi:3168
  5220. msgid ""
  5221. "When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be "
  5222. "executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of "
  5223. "the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited from the "
  5224. "shell."
  5225. msgstr ""
  5226. #. type: itemize
  5227. #: ./bashref.texi:3173
  5228. msgid ""
  5229. "the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by "
  5230. "redirections to the command"
  5231. msgstr ""
  5232. #. type: itemize
  5233. #: ./bashref.texi:3176
  5234. msgid "the current working directory"
  5235. msgstr ""
  5236. #. type: itemize
  5237. #: ./bashref.texi:3179
  5238. msgid "the file creation mode mask"
  5239. msgstr ""
  5240. #. type: itemize
  5241. #: ./bashref.texi:3183
  5242. msgid ""
  5243. "shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables "
  5244. "exported for the command, passed in the environment (@pxref{Environment})"
  5245. msgstr ""
  5246. #. type: itemize
  5247. #: ./bashref.texi:3187
  5248. msgid ""
  5249. "traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's "
  5250. "parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored"
  5251. msgstr ""
  5252. #. type: Plain text
  5253. #: ./bashref.texi:3192
  5254. msgid ""
  5255. "A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's "
  5256. "execution environment."
  5257. msgstr ""
  5258. #. type: Plain text
  5259. #: ./bashref.texi:3201
  5260. msgid ""
  5261. "Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchronous "
  5262. "commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate of the "
  5263. "shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the "
  5264. "values that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin "
  5265. "commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a "
  5266. "subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment cannot "
  5267. "affect the shell's execution environment."
  5268. msgstr ""
  5269. #. type: Plain text
  5270. #: ./bashref.texi:3205
  5271. msgid ""
  5272. "Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the "
  5273. "@option{-e} option from the parent shell. When not in @sc{posix} mode, Bash "
  5274. "clears the @option{-e} option in such subshells."
  5275. msgstr ""
  5276. #. type: Plain text
  5277. #: ./bashref.texi:3210
  5278. msgid ""
  5279. "If a command is followed by a @samp{&} and job control is not active, the "
  5280. "default standard input for the command is the empty file @file{/dev/null}. "
  5281. "Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling "
  5282. "shell as modified by redirections."
  5283. msgstr ""
  5284. #. type: cindex
  5285. #: ./bashref.texi:3213
  5286. #, no-wrap
  5287. msgid "environment"
  5288. msgstr ""
  5289. #. type: Plain text
  5290. #: ./bashref.texi:3218
  5291. msgid ""
  5292. "When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the "
  5293. "@var{environment}. This is a list of name-value pairs, of the form "
  5294. "@code{name=value}."
  5295. msgstr ""
  5296. #. type: Plain text
  5297. #: ./bashref.texi:3234
  5298. msgid ""
  5299. "Bash provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, "
  5300. "the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter for each name "
  5301. "found, automatically marking it for @var{export} to child processes. "
  5302. "Executed commands inherit the environment. The @code{export} and "
  5303. "@samp{declare -x} commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and "
  5304. "deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the "
  5305. "environment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, "
  5306. "replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command "
  5307. "consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modified in "
  5308. "the shell, less any pairs removed by the @code{unset} and @samp{export -n} "
  5309. "commands, plus any additions via the @code{export} and @samp{declare -x} "
  5310. "commands."
  5311. msgstr ""
  5312. #. type: Plain text
  5313. #: ./bashref.texi:3240
  5314. msgid ""
  5315. "The environment for any simple command or function may be augmented "
  5316. "temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described in "
  5317. "@ref{Shell Parameters}. These assignment statements affect only the "
  5318. "environment seen by that command."
  5319. msgstr ""
  5320. #. type: Plain text
  5321. #: ./bashref.texi:3244
  5322. msgid ""
  5323. "If the @option{-k} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}), then all "
  5324. "parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just "
  5325. "those that precede the command name."
  5326. msgstr ""
  5327. #. type: Plain text
  5328. #: ./bashref.texi:3248
  5329. msgid ""
  5330. "When Bash invokes an external command, the variable @samp{$_} is set to the "
  5331. "full pathname of the command and passed to that command in its environment."
  5332. msgstr ""
  5333. #. type: Plain text
  5334. #: ./bashref.texi:3260
  5335. msgid ""
  5336. "The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the "
  5337. "@var{waitpid} system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall "
  5338. "between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values "
  5339. "above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound "
  5340. "commands are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the "
  5341. "shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes."
  5342. msgstr ""
  5343. #. type: Plain text
  5344. #: ./bashref.texi:3269
  5345. msgid ""
  5346. "For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status has "
  5347. "succeeded. A non-zero exit status indicates failure. This seemingly "
  5348. "counter-intuitive scheme is used so there is one well-defined way to "
  5349. "indicate success and a variety of ways to indicate various failure modes. "
  5350. "When a command terminates on a fatal signal whose number is @var{N}, Bash "
  5351. "uses the value 128+@var{N} as the exit status."
  5352. msgstr ""
  5353. #. type: Plain text
  5354. #: ./bashref.texi:3273
  5355. msgid ""
  5356. "If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it returns a "
  5357. "status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return "
  5358. "status is 126."
  5359. msgstr ""
  5360. #. type: Plain text
  5361. #: ./bashref.texi:3276
  5362. msgid ""
  5363. "If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the "
  5364. "exit status is greater than zero."
  5365. msgstr ""
  5366. #. type: Plain text
  5367. #: ./bashref.texi:3280
  5368. msgid ""
  5369. "The exit status is used by the Bash conditional commands (@pxref{Conditional "
  5370. "Constructs}) and some of the list constructs (@pxref{Lists})."
  5371. msgstr ""
  5372. #. type: Plain text
  5373. #: ./bashref.texi:3286
  5374. msgid ""
  5375. "All of the Bash builtins return an exit status of zero if they succeed and a "
  5376. "non-zero status on failure, so they may be used by the conditional and list "
  5377. "constructs. All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect "
  5378. "usage, generally invalid options or missing arguments."
  5379. msgstr ""
  5380. #. type: cindex
  5381. #: ./bashref.texi:3289
  5382. #, no-wrap
  5383. msgid "signal handling"
  5384. msgstr ""
  5385. #. type: Plain text
  5386. #: ./bashref.texi:3299
  5387. msgid ""
  5388. "When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores "
  5389. "@code{SIGTERM} (so that @samp{kill 0} does not kill an interactive shell), "
  5390. "and @code{SIGINT} is caught and handled (so that the @code{wait} builtin is "
  5391. "interruptible). When Bash receives a @code{SIGINT}, it breaks out of any "
  5392. "executing loops. In all cases, Bash ignores @code{SIGQUIT}. If job control "
  5393. "is in effect (@pxref{Job Control}), Bash ignores @code{SIGTTIN}, "
  5394. "@code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}."
  5395. msgstr ""
  5396. #. type: Plain text
  5397. #: ./bashref.texi:3308
  5398. msgid ""
  5399. "Non-builtin commands started by Bash have signal handlers set to the values "
  5400. "inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in effect, "
  5401. "asynchronous commands ignore @code{SIGINT} and @code{SIGQUIT} in addition to "
  5402. "these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substitution "
  5403. "ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals @code{SIGTTIN}, "
  5404. "@code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}."
  5405. msgstr ""
  5406. #. type: Plain text
  5407. #: ./bashref.texi:3319
  5408. msgid ""
  5409. "The shell exits by default upon receipt of a @code{SIGHUP}. Before exiting, "
  5410. "an interactive shell resends the @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs, running or "
  5411. "stopped. Stopped jobs are sent @code{SIGCONT} to ensure that they receive "
  5412. "the @code{SIGHUP}. To prevent the shell from sending the @code{SIGHUP} "
  5413. "signal to a particular job, it should be removed from the jobs table with "
  5414. "the @code{disown} builtin (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}) or marked to not "
  5415. "receive @code{SIGHUP} using @code{disown -h}."
  5416. msgstr ""
  5417. #. type: Plain text
  5418. #: ./bashref.texi:3323
  5419. msgid ""
  5420. "If the @code{huponexit} shell option has been set with @code{shopt} "
  5421. "(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), Bash sends a @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs when an "
  5422. "interactive login shell exits."
  5423. msgstr ""
  5424. #. type: Plain text
  5425. #: ./bashref.texi:3332
  5426. msgid ""
  5427. "If Bash is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which "
  5428. "a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the command "
  5429. "completes. When Bash is waiting for an asynchronous command via the "
  5430. "@code{wait} builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set "
  5431. "will cause the @code{wait} builtin to return immediately with an exit status "
  5432. "greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed."
  5433. msgstr ""
  5434. #. type: cindex
  5435. #: ./bashref.texi:3335
  5436. #, no-wrap
  5437. msgid "shell script"
  5438. msgstr ""
  5439. #. type: Plain text
  5440. #: ./bashref.texi:3345
  5441. msgid ""
  5442. "A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such a file "
  5443. "is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash, and neither the "
  5444. "@option{-c} nor @option{-s} option is supplied (@pxref{Invoking Bash}), Bash "
  5445. "reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This mode of "
  5446. "operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first searches for the "
  5447. "file in the current directory, and looks in the directories in @env{$PATH} "
  5448. "if not found there."
  5449. msgstr ""
  5450. #. type: Plain text
  5451. #: ./bashref.texi:3352
  5452. msgid ""
  5453. "When Bash runs a shell script, it sets the special parameter @code{0} to the "
  5454. "name of the file, rather than the name of the shell, and the positional "
  5455. "parameters are set to the remaining arguments, if any are given. If no "
  5456. "additional arguments are supplied, the positional parameters are unset."
  5457. msgstr ""
  5458. #. type: Plain text
  5459. #: ./bashref.texi:3357
  5460. msgid ""
  5461. "A shell script may be made executable by using the @code{chmod} command to "
  5462. "turn on the execute bit. When Bash finds such a file while searching the "
  5463. "@env{$PATH} for a command, it spawns a subshell to execute it. In other "
  5464. "words, executing"
  5465. msgstr ""
  5466. #. type: example
  5467. #: ./bashref.texi:3359
  5468. #, no-wrap
  5469. msgid "filename @var{arguments}\n"
  5470. msgstr ""
  5471. #. type: Plain text
  5472. #: ./bashref.texi:3362
  5473. msgid "is equivalent to executing"
  5474. msgstr ""
  5475. #. type: example
  5476. #: ./bashref.texi:3364
  5477. #, no-wrap
  5478. msgid "bash filename @var{arguments}\n"
  5479. msgstr ""
  5480. #. type: Plain text
  5481. #: ./bashref.texi:3373
  5482. msgid ""
  5483. "if @code{filename} is an executable shell script. This subshell "
  5484. "reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been "
  5485. "invoked to interpret the script, with the exception that the locations of "
  5486. "commands remembered by the parent (see the description of @code{hash} in "
  5487. "@ref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) are retained by the child."
  5488. msgstr ""
  5489. #. type: Plain text
  5490. #: ./bashref.texi:3381
  5491. msgid ""
  5492. "Most versions of Unix make this a part of the operating system's command "
  5493. "execution mechanism. If the first line of a script begins with the two "
  5494. "characters @samp{#!}, the remainder of the line specifies an interpreter for "
  5495. "the program and, depending on the operating system, one or more optional "
  5496. "arguments for that interpreter. Thus, you can specify Bash, @code{awk}, "
  5497. "Perl, or some other interpreter and write the rest of the script file in "
  5498. "that language."
  5499. msgstr ""
  5500. #. type: Plain text
  5501. #: ./bashref.texi:3394
  5502. msgid ""
  5503. "The arguments to the interpreter consist of one or more optional arguments "
  5504. "following the interpreter name on the first line of the script file, "
  5505. "followed by the name of the script file, followed by the rest of the "
  5506. "arguments supplied to the script. The details of how the interpreter line "
  5507. "is split into an interpreter name and a set of arguments vary across "
  5508. "systems. Bash will perform this action on operating systems that do not "
  5509. "handle it themselves. Note that some older versions of Unix limit the "
  5510. "interpreter name and a single argument to a maximum of 32 characters, so "
  5511. "it's not portable to assume that using more than one argument will work."
  5512. msgstr ""
  5513. #. type: Plain text
  5514. #: ./bashref.texi:3402
  5515. msgid ""
  5516. "Bash scripts often begin with @code{#! /bin/bash} (assuming that Bash has "
  5517. "been installed in @file{/bin}), since this ensures that Bash will be used to "
  5518. "interpret the script, even if it is executed under another shell. It's a "
  5519. "common idiom to use @code{env} to find @code{bash} even if it's been "
  5520. "installed in another directory: @code{#!/usr/bin/env bash} will find the "
  5521. "first occurrence of @code{bash} in @env{$PATH}."
  5522. msgstr ""
  5523. #. type: section
  5524. #: ./bashref.texi:3414 ./bashref.texi:3449 ./bashref.texi:3450
  5525. #, no-wrap
  5526. msgid "Bourne Shell Builtins"
  5527. msgstr ""
  5528. #. type: menuentry
  5529. #: ./bashref.texi:3414
  5530. msgid "Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne Shell."
  5531. msgstr ""
  5532. #. type: node
  5533. #: ./bashref.texi:3414 ./bashref.texi:4009
  5534. #, no-wrap
  5535. msgid "Bash Builtins"
  5536. msgstr ""
  5537. #. type: menuentry
  5538. #: ./bashref.texi:3414
  5539. msgid "Table of builtins specific to Bash."
  5540. msgstr ""
  5541. #. type: section
  5542. #: ./bashref.texi:3414 ./bashref.texi:4871 ./bashref.texi:4872
  5543. #, no-wrap
  5544. msgid "Modifying Shell Behavior"
  5545. msgstr ""
  5546. #. type: menuentry
  5547. #: ./bashref.texi:3414
  5548. msgid "Builtins to modify shell attributes and optional behavior."
  5549. msgstr ""
  5550. #. type: section
  5551. #: ./bashref.texi:3414 ./bashref.texi:5543 ./bashref.texi:5544
  5552. #, no-wrap
  5553. msgid "Special Builtins"
  5554. msgstr ""
  5555. #. type: menuentry
  5556. #: ./bashref.texi:3414
  5557. msgid "Builtin commands classified specially by POSIX."
  5558. msgstr ""
  5559. #. type: Plain text
  5560. #: ./bashref.texi:3422
  5561. msgid ""
  5562. "Builtin commands are contained within the shell itself. When the name of a "
  5563. "builtin command is used as the first word of a simple command (@pxref{Simple "
  5564. "Commands}), the shell executes the command directly, without invoking "
  5565. "another program. Builtin commands are necessary to implement functionality "
  5566. "impossible or inconvenient to obtain with separate utilities."
  5567. msgstr ""
  5568. #. type: Plain text
  5569. #: ./bashref.texi:3426
  5570. msgid ""
  5571. "This section briefly describes the builtins which Bash inherits from the "
  5572. "Bourne Shell, as well as the builtin commands which are unique to or have "
  5573. "been extended in Bash."
  5574. msgstr ""
  5575. #. type: Plain text
  5576. #: ./bashref.texi:3433
  5577. msgid ""
  5578. "Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin commands "
  5579. "which provide the Bash interface to the job control facilities (@pxref{Job "
  5580. "Control Builtins}), the directory stack (@pxref{Directory Stack Builtins}), "
  5581. "the command history (@pxref{Bash History Builtins}), and the programmable "
  5582. "completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion Builtins})."
  5583. msgstr ""
  5584. #. type: Plain text
  5585. #: ./bashref.texi:3435
  5586. msgid "Many of the builtins have been extended by @sc{posix} or Bash."
  5587. msgstr ""
  5588. #. type: Plain text
  5589. #: ./bashref.texi:3448
  5590. msgid ""
  5591. "Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented as accepting options "
  5592. "preceded by @samp{-} accepts @samp{--} to signify the end of the options. "
  5593. "The @code{:}, @code{true}, @code{false}, and @code{test}/@code{[} builtins "
  5594. "do not accept options and do not treat @samp{--} specially. The "
  5595. "@code{exit}, @code{logout}, @code{return}, @code{break}, @code{continue}, "
  5596. "@code{let}, and @code{shift} builtins accept and process arguments beginning "
  5597. "with @samp{-} without requiring @samp{--}. Other builtins that accept "
  5598. "arguments but are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments "
  5599. "beginning with @samp{-} as invalid options and require @samp{--} to prevent "
  5600. "this interpretation."
  5601. msgstr ""
  5602. #. type: Plain text
  5603. #: ./bashref.texi:3454
  5604. msgid ""
  5605. "The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell. "
  5606. "These commands are implemented as specified by the @sc{posix} standard."
  5607. msgstr ""
  5608. #. type: item
  5609. #: ./bashref.texi:3456
  5610. #, no-wrap
  5611. msgid ": @r{(a colon)}"
  5612. msgstr ""
  5613. #. type: btindex
  5614. #: ./bashref.texi:3457
  5615. #, no-wrap
  5616. msgid ":"
  5617. msgstr ""
  5618. #. type: example
  5619. #: ./bashref.texi:3460
  5620. #, no-wrap
  5621. msgid ": [@var{arguments}]\n"
  5622. msgstr ""
  5623. #. type: table
  5624. #: ./bashref.texi:3464
  5625. msgid ""
  5626. "Do nothing beyond expanding @var{arguments} and performing redirections. "
  5627. "The return status is zero."
  5628. msgstr ""
  5629. #. type: item
  5630. #: ./bashref.texi:3465
  5631. #, no-wrap
  5632. msgid ". @r{(a period)}"
  5633. msgstr ""
  5634. #. type: btindex
  5635. #: ./bashref.texi:3466
  5636. #, no-wrap
  5637. msgid "."
  5638. msgstr ""
  5639. #. type: example
  5640. #: ./bashref.texi:3469
  5641. #, no-wrap
  5642. msgid ". @var{filename} [@var{arguments}]\n"
  5643. msgstr ""
  5644. #. type: table
  5645. #: ./bashref.texi:3489
  5646. msgid ""
  5647. "Read and execute commands from the @var{filename} argument in the current "
  5648. "shell context. If @var{filename} does not contain a slash, the @env{PATH} "
  5649. "variable is used to find @var{filename}. When Bash is not in @sc{posix} "
  5650. "mode, the current directory is searched if @var{filename} is not found in "
  5651. "@env{$PATH}. If any @var{arguments} are supplied, they become the "
  5652. "positional parameters when @var{filename} is executed. Otherwise the "
  5653. "positional parameters are unchanged. If the @option{-T} option is enabled, "
  5654. "@code{source} inherits any trap on @code{DEBUG}; if it is not, any "
  5655. "@code{DEBUG} trap string is saved and restored around the call to "
  5656. "@code{source}, and @code{source} unsets the @code{DEBUG} trap while it "
  5657. "executes. If @option{-T} is not set, and the sourced file changes the "
  5658. "@code{DEBUG} trap, the new value is retained when @code{source} completes. "
  5659. "The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero "
  5660. "if no commands are executed. If @var{filename} is not found, or cannot be "
  5661. "read, the return status is non-zero. This builtin is equivalent to "
  5662. "@code{source}."
  5663. msgstr ""
  5664. #. type: btindex
  5665. #: ./bashref.texi:3490 ./bashref.texi:3491
  5666. #, no-wrap
  5667. msgid "break"
  5668. msgstr ""
  5669. #. type: example
  5670. #: ./bashref.texi:3494
  5671. #, no-wrap
  5672. msgid "break [@var{n}]\n"
  5673. msgstr ""
  5674. #. type: table
  5675. #: ./bashref.texi:3500
  5676. msgid ""
  5677. "Exit from a @code{for}, @code{while}, @code{until}, or @code{select} loop. "
  5678. "If @var{n} is supplied, the @var{n}th enclosing loop is exited. @var{n} "
  5679. "must be greater than or equal to 1. The return status is zero unless "
  5680. "@var{n} is not greater than or equal to 1."
  5681. msgstr ""
  5682. #. type: btindex
  5683. #: ./bashref.texi:3501 ./bashref.texi:3502
  5684. #, no-wrap
  5685. msgid "cd"
  5686. msgstr ""
  5687. #. type: example
  5688. #: ./bashref.texi:3505
  5689. #, no-wrap
  5690. msgid "cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@@] [@var{directory}]\n"
  5691. msgstr ""
  5692. #. type: table
  5693. #: ./bashref.texi:3517
  5694. msgid ""
  5695. "Change the current working directory to @var{directory}. If @var{directory} "
  5696. "is not supplied, the value of the @env{HOME} shell variable is used. Any "
  5697. "additional arguments following @var{directory} are ignored. If the shell "
  5698. "variable @env{CDPATH} exists, it is used as a search path: each directory "
  5699. "name in @env{CDPATH} is searched for @var{directory}, with alternative "
  5700. "directory names in @env{CDPATH} separated by a colon (@samp{:}). If "
  5701. "@var{directory} begins with a slash, @env{CDPATH} is not used."
  5702. msgstr ""
  5703. #. type: table
  5704. #: ./bashref.texi:3521
  5705. msgid ""
  5706. "The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links "
  5707. "are resolved while @code{cd} is traversing @var{directory} and before "
  5708. "processing an instance of @samp{..} in @var{directory}."
  5709. msgstr ""
  5710. #. type: table
  5711. #: ./bashref.texi:3525
  5712. msgid ""
  5713. "By default, or when the @option{-L} option is supplied, symbolic links in "
  5714. "@var{directory} are resolved after @code{cd} processes an instance of "
  5715. "@samp{..} in @var{directory}."
  5716. msgstr ""
  5717. #. type: table
  5718. #: ./bashref.texi:3529
  5719. msgid ""
  5720. "If @samp{..} appears in @var{directory}, it is processed by removing the "
  5721. "immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the beginning "
  5722. "of @var{directory}."
  5723. msgstr ""
  5724. #. type: table
  5725. #: ./bashref.texi:3534
  5726. msgid ""
  5727. "If the @option{-e} option is supplied with @option{-P} and the current "
  5728. "working directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful "
  5729. "directory change, @code{cd} will return an unsuccessful status."
  5730. msgstr ""
  5731. #. type: table
  5732. #: ./bashref.texi:3537
  5733. msgid ""
  5734. "On systems that support it, the @option{-@@} option presents the extended "
  5735. "attributes associated with a file as a directory."
  5736. msgstr ""
  5737. #. type: table
  5738. #: ./bashref.texi:3540
  5739. msgid ""
  5740. "If @var{directory} is @samp{-}, it is converted to @env{$OLDPWD} before the "
  5741. "directory change is attempted."
  5742. msgstr ""
  5743. #. type: table
  5744. #: ./bashref.texi:3545
  5745. msgid ""
  5746. "If a non-empty directory name from @env{CDPATH} is used, or if @samp{-} is "
  5747. "the first argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute "
  5748. "pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard output."
  5749. msgstr ""
  5750. #. type: table
  5751. #: ./bashref.texi:3548
  5752. msgid ""
  5753. "The return status is zero if the directory is successfully changed, non-zero "
  5754. "otherwise."
  5755. msgstr ""
  5756. #. type: btindex
  5757. #: ./bashref.texi:3549 ./bashref.texi:3550
  5758. #, no-wrap
  5759. msgid "continue"
  5760. msgstr ""
  5761. #. type: example
  5762. #: ./bashref.texi:3553
  5763. #, no-wrap
  5764. msgid "continue [@var{n}]\n"
  5765. msgstr ""
  5766. #. type: table
  5767. #: ./bashref.texi:3561
  5768. msgid ""
  5769. "Resume the next iteration of an enclosing @code{for}, @code{while}, "
  5770. "@code{until}, or @code{select} loop. If @var{n} is supplied, the execution "
  5771. "of the @var{n}th enclosing loop is resumed. @var{n} must be greater than or "
  5772. "equal to 1. The return status is zero unless @var{n} is not greater than or "
  5773. "equal to 1."
  5774. msgstr ""
  5775. #. type: btindex
  5776. #: ./bashref.texi:3562 ./bashref.texi:3563
  5777. #, no-wrap
  5778. msgid "eval"
  5779. msgstr ""
  5780. #. type: example
  5781. #: ./bashref.texi:3566
  5782. #, no-wrap
  5783. msgid "eval [@var{arguments}]\n"
  5784. msgstr ""
  5785. #. type: table
  5786. #: ./bashref.texi:3573
  5787. msgid ""
  5788. "The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is then "
  5789. "read and executed, and its exit status returned as the exit status of "
  5790. "@code{eval}. If there are no arguments or only empty arguments, the return "
  5791. "status is zero."
  5792. msgstr ""
  5793. #. type: btindex
  5794. #: ./bashref.texi:3574 ./bashref.texi:3575
  5795. #, no-wrap
  5796. msgid "exec"
  5797. msgstr ""
  5798. #. type: example
  5799. #: ./bashref.texi:3578
  5800. #, no-wrap
  5801. msgid "exec [-cl] [-a @var{name}] [@var{command} [@var{arguments}]]\n"
  5802. msgstr ""
  5803. #. type: table
  5804. #: ./bashref.texi:3598
  5805. msgid ""
  5806. "If @var{command} is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a new "
  5807. "process. If the @option{-l} option is supplied, the shell places a dash at "
  5808. "the beginning of the zeroth argument passed to @var{command}. This is what "
  5809. "the @code{login} program does. The @option{-c} option causes @var{command} "
  5810. "to be executed with an empty environment. If @option{-a} is supplied, the "
  5811. "shell passes @var{name} as the zeroth argument to @var{command}. If "
  5812. "@var{command} cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell "
  5813. "exits, unless the @code{execfail} shell option is enabled. In that case, it "
  5814. "returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be "
  5815. "executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if @code{exec} fails. If no "
  5816. "@var{command} is specified, redirections may be used to affect the current "
  5817. "shell environment. If there are no redirection errors, the return status is "
  5818. "zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero."
  5819. msgstr ""
  5820. #. type: btindex
  5821. #: ./bashref.texi:3599 ./bashref.texi:3600
  5822. #, no-wrap
  5823. msgid "exit"
  5824. msgstr ""
  5825. #. type: example
  5826. #: ./bashref.texi:3603
  5827. #, no-wrap
  5828. msgid "exit [@var{n}]\n"
  5829. msgstr ""
  5830. #. type: table
  5831. #: ./bashref.texi:3608
  5832. msgid ""
  5833. "Exit the shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's parent. If "
  5834. "@var{n} is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. "
  5835. "Any trap on @code{EXIT} is executed before the shell terminates."
  5836. msgstr ""
  5837. #. type: btindex
  5838. #: ./bashref.texi:3609 ./bashref.texi:3610
  5839. #, no-wrap
  5840. msgid "export"
  5841. msgstr ""
  5842. #. type: example
  5843. #: ./bashref.texi:3613
  5844. #, no-wrap
  5845. msgid "export [-fn] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]]\n"
  5846. msgstr ""
  5847. #. type: table
  5848. #: ./bashref.texi:3624
  5849. msgid ""
  5850. "Mark each @var{name} to be passed to child processes in the environment. If "
  5851. "the @option{-f} option is supplied, the @var{name}s refer to shell "
  5852. "functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables. The @option{-n} "
  5853. "option means to no longer mark each @var{name} for export. If no "
  5854. "@var{names} are supplied, or if the @option{-p} option is given, a list of "
  5855. "names of all exported variables is displayed. The @option{-p} option "
  5856. "displays output in a form that may be reused as input. If a variable name "
  5857. "is followed by =@var{value}, the value of the variable is set to "
  5858. "@var{value}."
  5859. msgstr ""
  5860. #. type: table
  5861. #: ./bashref.texi:3628
  5862. msgid ""
  5863. "The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of the "
  5864. "names is not a valid shell variable name, or @option{-f} is supplied with a "
  5865. "name that is not a shell function."
  5866. msgstr ""
  5867. #. type: btindex
  5868. #: ./bashref.texi:3629 ./bashref.texi:3630
  5869. #, no-wrap
  5870. msgid "getopts"
  5871. msgstr ""
  5872. #. type: example
  5873. #: ./bashref.texi:3633
  5874. #, no-wrap
  5875. msgid "getopts @var{optstring} @var{name} [@var{arg} @dots{}]\n"
  5876. msgstr ""
  5877. #. type: table
  5878. #: ./bashref.texi:3653
  5879. msgid ""
  5880. "@code{getopts} is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters. "
  5881. "@var{optstring} contains the option characters to be recognized; if a "
  5882. "character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an "
  5883. "argument, which should be separated from it by whitespace. The colon "
  5884. "(@samp{:}) and question mark (@samp{?}) may not be used as option "
  5885. "characters. Each time it is invoked, @code{getopts} places the next option "
  5886. "in the shell variable @var{name}, initializing @var{name} if it does not "
  5887. "exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable "
  5888. "@env{OPTIND}. @env{OPTIND} is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a "
  5889. "shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, "
  5890. "@code{getopts} places that argument into the variable @env{OPTARG}. The "
  5891. "shell does not reset @env{OPTIND} automatically; it must be manually reset "
  5892. "between multiple calls to @code{getopts} within the same shell invocation if "
  5893. "a new set of parameters is to be used."
  5894. msgstr ""
  5895. #. type: table
  5896. #: ./bashref.texi:3658
  5897. msgid ""
  5898. "When the end of options is encountered, @code{getopts} exits with a return "
  5899. "value greater than zero. @env{OPTIND} is set to the index of the first "
  5900. "non-option argument, and @var{name} is set to @samp{?}."
  5901. msgstr ""
  5902. #. type: table
  5903. #: ./bashref.texi:3662
  5904. msgid ""
  5905. "@code{getopts} normally parses the positional parameters, but if more "
  5906. "arguments are supplied as @var{arg} values, @code{getopts} parses those "
  5907. "instead."
  5908. msgstr ""
  5909. #. type: table
  5910. #: ./bashref.texi:3671
  5911. msgid ""
  5912. "@code{getopts} can report errors in two ways. If the first character of "
  5913. "@var{optstring} is a colon, @var{silent} error reporting is used. In normal "
  5914. "operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid options or missing "
  5915. "option arguments are encountered. If the variable @env{OPTERR} is set to 0, "
  5916. "no error messages will be displayed, even if the first character of "
  5917. "@code{optstring} is not a colon."
  5918. msgstr ""
  5919. #. type: table
  5920. #: ./bashref.texi:3677
  5921. msgid ""
  5922. "If an invalid option is seen, @code{getopts} places @samp{?} into @var{name} "
  5923. "and, if not silent, prints an error message and unsets @env{OPTARG}. If "
  5924. "@code{getopts} is silent, the option character found is placed in "
  5925. "@env{OPTARG} and no diagnostic message is printed."
  5926. msgstr ""
  5927. #. type: table
  5928. #: ./bashref.texi:3683
  5929. msgid ""
  5930. "If a required argument is not found, and @code{getopts} is not silent, a "
  5931. "question mark (@samp{?}) is placed in @var{name}, @code{OPTARG} is unset, "
  5932. "and a diagnostic message is printed. If @code{getopts} is silent, then a "
  5933. "colon (@samp{:}) is placed in @var{name} and @env{OPTARG} is set to the "
  5934. "option character found."
  5935. msgstr ""
  5936. #. type: btindex
  5937. #: ./bashref.texi:3684 ./bashref.texi:3685
  5938. #, no-wrap
  5939. msgid "hash"
  5940. msgstr ""
  5941. #. type: example
  5942. #: ./bashref.texi:3688
  5943. #, no-wrap
  5944. msgid "hash [-r] [-p @var{filename}] [-dt] [@var{name}]\n"
  5945. msgstr ""
  5946. #. type: table
  5947. #: ./bashref.texi:3711
  5948. msgid ""
  5949. "Each time @code{hash} is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the "
  5950. "commands specified as @var{name} arguments, so they need not be searched for "
  5951. "on subsequent invocations. The commands are found by searching through the "
  5952. "directories listed in @env{$PATH}. Any previously-remembered pathname is "
  5953. "discarded. The @option{-p} option inhibits the path search, and "
  5954. "@var{filename} is used as the location of @var{name}. The @option{-r} "
  5955. "option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The @option{-d} "
  5956. "option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each "
  5957. "@var{name}. If the @option{-t} option is supplied, the full pathname to "
  5958. "which each @var{name} corresponds is printed. If multiple @var{name} "
  5959. "arguments are supplied with @option{-t}, the @var{name} is printed before "
  5960. "the hashed full pathname. The @option{-l} option causes output to be "
  5961. "displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments are "
  5962. "given, or if only @option{-l} is supplied, information about remembered "
  5963. "commands is printed. The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not "
  5964. "found or an invalid option is supplied."
  5965. msgstr ""
  5966. #. type: btindex
  5967. #: ./bashref.texi:3712 ./bashref.texi:3713
  5968. #, no-wrap
  5969. msgid "pwd"
  5970. msgstr ""
  5971. #. type: example
  5972. #: ./bashref.texi:3716
  5973. #, no-wrap
  5974. msgid "pwd [-LP]\n"
  5975. msgstr ""
  5976. #. type: table
  5977. #: ./bashref.texi:3726
  5978. msgid ""
  5979. "Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. If the "
  5980. "@option{-P} option is supplied, the pathname printed will not contain "
  5981. "symbolic links. If the @option{-L} option is supplied, the pathname printed "
  5982. "may contain symbolic links. The return status is zero unless an error is "
  5983. "encountered while determining the name of the current directory or an "
  5984. "invalid option is supplied."
  5985. msgstr ""
  5986. #. type: btindex
  5987. #: ./bashref.texi:3727 ./bashref.texi:3728
  5988. #, no-wrap
  5989. msgid "readonly"
  5990. msgstr ""
  5991. #. type: example
  5992. #: ./bashref.texi:3731
  5993. #, no-wrap
  5994. msgid "readonly [-aAf] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{}\n"
  5995. msgstr ""
  5996. #. type: table
  5997. #: ./bashref.texi:3752
  5998. msgid ""
  5999. "Mark each @var{name} as readonly. The values of these names may not be "
  6000. "changed by subsequent assignment. If the @option{-f} option is supplied, "
  6001. "each @var{name} refers to a shell function. The @option{-a} option means "
  6002. "each @var{name} refers to an indexed array variable; the @option{-A} option "
  6003. "means each @var{name} refers to an associative array variable. If both "
  6004. "options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence. If no @var{name} "
  6005. "arguments are given, or if the @option{-p} option is supplied, a list of all "
  6006. "readonly names is printed. The other options may be used to restrict the "
  6007. "output to a subset of the set of readonly names. The @option{-p} option "
  6008. "causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. If a "
  6009. "variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of the variable is set "
  6010. "to @var{value}. The return status is zero unless an invalid option is "
  6011. "supplied, one of the @var{name} arguments is not a valid shell variable or "
  6012. "function name, or the @option{-f} option is supplied with a name that is not "
  6013. "a shell function."
  6014. msgstr ""
  6015. #. type: btindex
  6016. #: ./bashref.texi:3753 ./bashref.texi:3754
  6017. #, no-wrap
  6018. msgid "return"
  6019. msgstr ""
  6020. #. type: example
  6021. #: ./bashref.texi:3757
  6022. #, no-wrap
  6023. msgid "return [@var{n}]\n"
  6024. msgstr ""
  6025. #. type: table
  6026. #: ./bashref.texi:3780
  6027. msgid ""
  6028. "Cause a shell function to stop executing and return the value @var{n} to its "
  6029. "caller. If @var{n} is not supplied, the return value is the exit status of "
  6030. "the last command executed in the function. If @code{return} is executed by "
  6031. "a trap handler, the last command used to determine the status is the last "
  6032. "command executed before the trap handler. If @code{return} is executed "
  6033. "during a @code{DEBUG} trap, the last command used to determine the status is "
  6034. "the last command executed by the trap handler before @code{return} was "
  6035. "invoked. @code{return} may also be used to terminate execution of a script "
  6036. "being executed with the @code{.} (@code{source}) builtin, returning either "
  6037. "@var{n} or the exit status of the last command executed within the script as "
  6038. "the exit status of the script. If @var{n} is supplied, the return value is "
  6039. "its least significant 8 bits. Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} "
  6040. "trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or script. The "
  6041. "return status is non-zero if @code{return} is supplied a non-numeric "
  6042. "argument or is used outside a function and not during the execution of a "
  6043. "script by @code{.} or @code{source}."
  6044. msgstr ""
  6045. #. type: btindex
  6046. #: ./bashref.texi:3781 ./bashref.texi:3782
  6047. #, no-wrap
  6048. msgid "shift"
  6049. msgstr ""
  6050. #. type: example
  6051. #: ./bashref.texi:3785
  6052. #, no-wrap
  6053. msgid "shift [@var{n}]\n"
  6054. msgstr ""
  6055. #. type: table
  6056. #: ./bashref.texi:3798
  6057. msgid ""
  6058. "Shift the positional parameters to the left by @var{n}. The positional "
  6059. "parameters from @var{n}+1 @dots{} @code{$#} are renamed to @code{$1} @dots{} "
  6060. "@code{$#}-@var{n}. Parameters represented by the numbers @code{$#} down to "
  6061. "@code{$#}-@var{n}+1 are unset. @var{n} must be a non-negative number less "
  6062. "than or equal to @code{$#}. If @var{n} is zero or greater than @code{$#}, "
  6063. "the positional parameters are not changed. If @var{n} is not supplied, it "
  6064. "is assumed to be 1. The return status is zero unless @var{n} is greater "
  6065. "than @code{$#} or less than zero, non-zero otherwise."
  6066. msgstr ""
  6067. #. type: btindex
  6068. #: ./bashref.texi:3799 ./bashref.texi:3801
  6069. #, no-wrap
  6070. msgid "test"
  6071. msgstr ""
  6072. #. type: btindex
  6073. #: ./bashref.texi:3800 ./bashref.texi:3802
  6074. #, no-wrap
  6075. msgid "["
  6076. msgstr ""
  6077. #. type: example
  6078. #: ./bashref.texi:3805
  6079. #, no-wrap
  6080. msgid "test @var{expr}\n"
  6081. msgstr ""
  6082. #. type: table
  6083. #: ./bashref.texi:3814
  6084. msgid ""
  6085. "Evaluate a conditional expression @var{expr} and return a status of 0 (true) "
  6086. "or 1 (false). Each operator and operand must be a separate argument. "
  6087. "Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in @ref{Bash "
  6088. "Conditional Expressions}. @code{test} does not accept any options, nor does "
  6089. "it accept and ignore an argument of @option{--} as signifying the end of "
  6090. "options."
  6091. msgstr ""
  6092. #. type: table
  6093. #: ./bashref.texi:3817
  6094. msgid ""
  6095. "When the @code{[} form is used, the last argument to the command must be a "
  6096. "@code{]}."
  6097. msgstr ""
  6098. #. type: table
  6099. #: ./bashref.texi:3822
  6100. msgid ""
  6101. "Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in "
  6102. "decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation depends on the number of "
  6103. "arguments; see below. Operator precedence is used when there are five or "
  6104. "more arguments."
  6105. msgstr ""
  6106. #. type: item
  6107. #: ./bashref.texi:3824
  6108. #, no-wrap
  6109. msgid "! @var{expr}"
  6110. msgstr ""
  6111. #. type: table
  6112. #: ./bashref.texi:3826
  6113. msgid "True if @var{expr} is false."
  6114. msgstr ""
  6115. #. type: item
  6116. #: ./bashref.texi:3827
  6117. #, no-wrap
  6118. msgid "( @var{expr} )"
  6119. msgstr ""
  6120. #. type: table
  6121. #: ./bashref.texi:3830
  6122. msgid ""
  6123. "Returns the value of @var{expr}. This may be used to override the normal "
  6124. "precedence of operators."
  6125. msgstr ""
  6126. #. type: item
  6127. #: ./bashref.texi:3831
  6128. #, no-wrap
  6129. msgid "@var{expr1} -a @var{expr2}"
  6130. msgstr ""
  6131. #. type: table
  6132. #: ./bashref.texi:3833
  6133. msgid "True if both @var{expr1} and @var{expr2} are true."
  6134. msgstr ""
  6135. #. type: item
  6136. #: ./bashref.texi:3834
  6137. #, no-wrap
  6138. msgid "@var{expr1} -o @var{expr2}"
  6139. msgstr ""
  6140. #. type: table
  6141. #: ./bashref.texi:3836
  6142. msgid "True if either @var{expr1} or @var{expr2} is true."
  6143. msgstr ""
  6144. #. type: table
  6145. #: ./bashref.texi:3840
  6146. msgid ""
  6147. "The @code{test} and @code{[} builtins evaluate conditional expressions using "
  6148. "a set of rules based on the number of arguments."
  6149. msgstr ""
  6150. #. type: item
  6151. #: ./bashref.texi:3842
  6152. #, no-wrap
  6153. msgid "0 arguments"
  6154. msgstr ""
  6155. #. type: table
  6156. #: ./bashref.texi:3844
  6157. msgid "The expression is false."
  6158. msgstr ""
  6159. #. type: item
  6160. #: ./bashref.texi:3845
  6161. #, no-wrap
  6162. msgid "1 argument"
  6163. msgstr ""
  6164. #. type: table
  6165. #: ./bashref.texi:3847
  6166. msgid "The expression is true if, and only if, the argument is not null."
  6167. msgstr ""
  6168. #. type: item
  6169. #: ./bashref.texi:3848
  6170. #, no-wrap
  6171. msgid "2 arguments"
  6172. msgstr ""
  6173. #. type: table
  6174. #: ./bashref.texi:3856
  6175. msgid ""
  6176. "If the first argument is @samp{!}, the expression is true if and only if the "
  6177. "second argument is null. If the first argument is one of the unary "
  6178. "conditional operators (@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the expression "
  6179. "is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid "
  6180. "unary operator, the expression is false."
  6181. msgstr ""
  6182. #. type: item
  6183. #: ./bashref.texi:3857
  6184. #, no-wrap
  6185. msgid "3 arguments"
  6186. msgstr ""
  6187. #. type: table
  6188. #: ./bashref.texi:3859
  6189. msgid "The following conditions are applied in the order listed."
  6190. msgstr ""
  6191. #. type: enumerate
  6192. #: ./bashref.texi:3868
  6193. msgid ""
  6194. "If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators "
  6195. "(@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the result of the expression is the "
  6196. "result of the binary test using the first and third arguments as operands. "
  6197. "The @samp{-a} and @samp{-o} operators are considered binary operators when "
  6198. "there are three arguments."
  6199. msgstr ""
  6200. #. type: enumerate
  6201. #: ./bashref.texi:3871
  6202. msgid ""
  6203. "If the first argument is @samp{!}, the value is the negation of the "
  6204. "two-argument test using the second and third arguments."
  6205. msgstr ""
  6206. #. type: enumerate
  6207. #: ./bashref.texi:3875
  6208. msgid ""
  6209. "If the first argument is exactly @samp{(} and the third argument is exactly "
  6210. "@samp{)}, the result is the one-argument test of the second argument."
  6211. msgstr ""
  6212. #. type: enumerate
  6213. #: ./bashref.texi:3877
  6214. msgid "Otherwise, the expression is false."
  6215. msgstr ""
  6216. #. type: item
  6217. #: ./bashref.texi:3879
  6218. #, no-wrap
  6219. msgid "4 arguments"
  6220. msgstr ""
  6221. #. type: table
  6222. #: ./bashref.texi:3884
  6223. msgid ""
  6224. "If the first argument is @samp{!}, the result is the negation of the "
  6225. "three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, "
  6226. "the expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the "
  6227. "rules listed above."
  6228. msgstr ""
  6229. #. type: item
  6230. #: ./bashref.texi:3885
  6231. #, no-wrap
  6232. msgid "5 or more arguments"
  6233. msgstr ""
  6234. #. type: table
  6235. #: ./bashref.texi:3888
  6236. msgid ""
  6237. "The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the "
  6238. "rules listed above."
  6239. msgstr ""
  6240. #. type: table
  6241. #: ./bashref.texi:3892
  6242. msgid ""
  6243. "When used with @code{test} or @samp{[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators "
  6244. "sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering."
  6245. msgstr ""
  6246. #. type: btindex
  6247. #: ./bashref.texi:3893 ./bashref.texi:3894
  6248. #, no-wrap
  6249. msgid "times"
  6250. msgstr ""
  6251. #. type: example
  6252. #: ./bashref.texi:3897
  6253. #, no-wrap
  6254. msgid "times\n"
  6255. msgstr ""
  6256. #. type: table
  6257. #: ./bashref.texi:3901
  6258. msgid ""
  6259. "Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children. The "
  6260. "return status is zero."
  6261. msgstr ""
  6262. #. type: btindex
  6263. #: ./bashref.texi:3902 ./bashref.texi:3903
  6264. #, no-wrap
  6265. msgid "trap"
  6266. msgstr ""
  6267. #. type: example
  6268. #: ./bashref.texi:3906
  6269. #, no-wrap
  6270. msgid "trap [-lp] [@var{arg}] [@var{sigspec} @dots{}]\n"
  6271. msgstr ""
  6272. #. type: table
  6273. #: ./bashref.texi:3925
  6274. msgid ""
  6275. "The commands in @var{arg} are to be read and executed when the shell "
  6276. "receives signal @var{sigspec}. If @var{arg} is absent (and there is a "
  6277. "single @var{sigspec}) or equal to @samp{-}, each specified signal's "
  6278. "disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell was started. If "
  6279. "@var{arg} is the null string, then the signal specified by each "
  6280. "@var{sigspec} is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes. If @var{arg} "
  6281. "is not present and @option{-p} has been supplied, the shell displays the "
  6282. "trap commands associated with each @var{sigspec}. If no arguments are "
  6283. "supplied, or only @option{-p} is given, @code{trap} prints the list of "
  6284. "commands associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as "
  6285. "shell input. The @option{-l} option causes the shell to print a list of "
  6286. "signal names and their corresponding numbers. Each @var{sigspec} is either "
  6287. "a signal name or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the "
  6288. "@code{SIG} prefix is optional."
  6289. msgstr ""
  6290. #. type: table
  6291. #: ./bashref.texi:3938
  6292. msgid ""
  6293. "If a @var{sigspec} is @code{0} or @code{EXIT}, @var{arg} is executed when "
  6294. "the shell exits. If a @var{sigspec} is @code{DEBUG}, the command @var{arg} "
  6295. "is executed before every simple command, @code{for} command, @code{case} "
  6296. "command, @code{select} command, every arithmetic @code{for} command, and "
  6297. "before the first command executes in a shell function. Refer to the "
  6298. "description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt} builtin "
  6299. "(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}) for details of its effect on the @code{DEBUG} "
  6300. "trap. If a @var{sigspec} is @code{RETURN}, the command @var{arg} is "
  6301. "executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the @code{.} "
  6302. "or @code{source} builtins finishes executing."
  6303. msgstr ""
  6304. #. type: table
  6305. #: ./bashref.texi:3955
  6306. msgid ""
  6307. "If a @var{sigspec} is @code{ERR}, the command @var{arg} is executed whenever "
  6308. "a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a "
  6309. "compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the following "
  6310. "conditions. The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is "
  6311. "part of the command list immediately following an @code{until} or "
  6312. "@code{while} keyword, part of the test following the @code{if} or "
  6313. "@code{elif} reserved words, part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or "
  6314. "@code{||} list except the command following the final @code{&&} or "
  6315. "@code{||}, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's "
  6316. "return status is being inverted using @code{!}. These are the same "
  6317. "conditions obeyed by the @code{errexit} (@option{-e}) option."
  6318. msgstr ""
  6319. #. type: table
  6320. #: ./bashref.texi:3959
  6321. msgid ""
  6322. "Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped "
  6323. "signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a "
  6324. "subshell or subshell environment when one is created."
  6325. msgstr ""
  6326. #. type: table
  6327. #: ./bashref.texi:3962
  6328. msgid ""
  6329. "The return status is zero unless a @var{sigspec} does not specify a valid "
  6330. "signal."
  6331. msgstr ""
  6332. #. type: btindex
  6333. #: ./bashref.texi:3963 ./bashref.texi:3964
  6334. #, no-wrap
  6335. msgid "umask"
  6336. msgstr ""
  6337. #. type: example
  6338. #: ./bashref.texi:3967
  6339. #, no-wrap
  6340. msgid "umask [-p] [-S] [@var{mode}]\n"
  6341. msgstr ""
  6342. #. type: table
  6343. #: ./bashref.texi:3980
  6344. msgid ""
  6345. "Set the shell process's file creation mask to @var{mode}. If @var{mode} "
  6346. "begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; if not, it is "
  6347. "interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by the "
  6348. "@code{chmod} command. If @var{mode} is omitted, the current value of the "
  6349. "mask is printed. If the @option{-S} option is supplied without a @var{mode} "
  6350. "argument, the mask is printed in a symbolic format. If the @option{-p} "
  6351. "option is supplied, and @var{mode} is omitted, the output is in a form that "
  6352. "may be reused as input. The return status is zero if the mode is "
  6353. "successfully changed or if no @var{mode} argument is supplied, and non-zero "
  6354. "otherwise."
  6355. msgstr ""
  6356. #. type: table
  6357. #: ./bashref.texi:3984
  6358. msgid ""
  6359. "Note that when the mode is interpreted as an octal number, each number of "
  6360. "the umask is subtracted from @code{7}. Thus, a umask of @code{022} results "
  6361. "in permissions of @code{755}."
  6362. msgstr ""
  6363. #. type: btindex
  6364. #: ./bashref.texi:3985 ./bashref.texi:3986
  6365. #, no-wrap
  6366. msgid "unset"
  6367. msgstr ""
  6368. #. type: example
  6369. #: ./bashref.texi:3989
  6370. #, no-wrap
  6371. msgid "unset [-fnv] [@var{name}]\n"
  6372. msgstr ""
  6373. #. type: table
  6374. #: ./bashref.texi:4007
  6375. msgid ""
  6376. "Remove each variable or function @var{name}. If the @option{-v} option is "
  6377. "given, each @var{name} refers to a shell variable and that variable is "
  6378. "removed. If the @option{-f} option is given, the @var{name}s refer to shell "
  6379. "functions, and the function definition is removed. If the @option{-n} "
  6380. "option is supplied, and @var{name} is a variable with the @var{nameref} "
  6381. "attribute, @var{name} will be unset rather than the variable it references. "
  6382. "@option{-n} has no effect if the @option{-f} option is supplied. If no "
  6383. "options are supplied, each @var{name} refers to a variable; if there is no "
  6384. "variable by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset. "
  6385. "Readonly variables and functions may not be unset. Some shell variables "
  6386. "lose their special behavior if they are unset; such behavior is noted in the "
  6387. "description of the individual variables. The return status is zero unless a "
  6388. "@var{name} is readonly."
  6389. msgstr ""
  6390. #. type: section
  6391. #: ./bashref.texi:4010
  6392. #, no-wrap
  6393. msgid "Bash Builtin Commands"
  6394. msgstr ""
  6395. #. type: Plain text
  6396. #: ./bashref.texi:4015
  6397. msgid ""
  6398. "This section describes builtin commands which are unique to or have been "
  6399. "extended in Bash. Some of these commands are specified in the @sc{posix} "
  6400. "standard."
  6401. msgstr ""
  6402. #. type: btindex
  6403. #: ./bashref.texi:4018 ./bashref.texi:4019
  6404. #, no-wrap
  6405. msgid "alias"
  6406. msgstr ""
  6407. #. type: example
  6408. #: ./bashref.texi:4022
  6409. #, no-wrap
  6410. msgid "alias [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]\n"
  6411. msgstr ""
  6412. #. type: table
  6413. #: ./bashref.texi:4031
  6414. msgid ""
  6415. "Without arguments or with the @option{-p} option, @code{alias} prints the "
  6416. "list of aliases on the standard output in a form that allows them to be "
  6417. "reused as input. If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each "
  6418. "@var{name} whose @var{value} is given. If no @var{value} is given, the name "
  6419. "and value of the alias is printed. Aliases are described in @ref{Aliases}."
  6420. msgstr ""
  6421. #. type: btindex
  6422. #: ./bashref.texi:4032 ./bashref.texi:4033
  6423. #, no-wrap
  6424. msgid "bind"
  6425. msgstr ""
  6426. #. type: example
  6427. #: ./bashref.texi:4041
  6428. #, no-wrap
  6429. msgid ""
  6430. "bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-lpsvPSVX]\n"
  6431. "bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-q @var{function}] [-u @var{function}] [-r "
  6432. "@var{keyseq}]\n"
  6433. "bind [-m @var{keymap}] -f @var{filename}\n"
  6434. "bind [-m @var{keymap}] -x @var{keyseq:shell-command}\n"
  6435. "bind [-m @var{keymap}] @var{keyseq:function-name}\n"
  6436. "bind [-m @var{keymap}] @var{keyseq:readline-command}\n"
  6437. msgstr ""
  6438. #. type: table
  6439. #: ./bashref.texi:4051
  6440. msgid ""
  6441. "Display current Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) key and function "
  6442. "bindings, bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro, or set a "
  6443. "Readline variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear "
  6444. "in a Readline initialization file (@pxref{Readline Init File}), but each "
  6445. "binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., "
  6446. "@samp{\"\\C-x\\C-r\":re-read-init-file}."
  6447. msgstr ""
  6448. #. type: table
  6449. #: ./bashref.texi:4053 ./bashref.texi:4403 ./bashref.texi:4591
  6450. msgid "Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:"
  6451. msgstr ""
  6452. #. type: item
  6453. #: ./bashref.texi:4055
  6454. #, no-wrap
  6455. msgid "-m @var{keymap}"
  6456. msgstr ""
  6457. #. type: table
  6458. #: ./bashref.texi:4069
  6459. msgid ""
  6460. "Use @var{keymap} as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. "
  6461. "Acceptable @var{keymap} names are @code{emacs}, @code{emacs-standard}, "
  6462. "@code{emacs-meta}, @code{emacs-ctlx}, @code{vi}, @code{vi-move}, "
  6463. "@code{vi-command}, and @code{vi-insert}. @code{vi} is equivalent to "
  6464. "@code{vi-command} (@code{vi-move} is also a synonym); @code{emacs} is "
  6465. "equivalent to @code{emacs-standard}."
  6466. msgstr ""
  6467. #. type: item
  6468. #: ./bashref.texi:4070 ./bashref.texi:4244 ./bashref.texi:4785 ./bashref.texi:6582 ./bashref.texi:7448 ./bashref.texi:8347
  6469. #, no-wrap
  6470. msgid "-l"
  6471. msgstr ""
  6472. #. type: table
  6473. #: ./bashref.texi:4072
  6474. msgid "List the names of all Readline functions."
  6475. msgstr ""
  6476. #. type: item
  6477. #: ./bashref.texi:4073 ./bashref.texi:4795 ./bashref.texi:5065 ./bashref.texi:7451 ./bashref.texi:8354
  6478. #, no-wrap
  6479. msgid "-p"
  6480. msgstr ""
  6481. #. type: table
  6482. #: ./bashref.texi:4076
  6483. msgid ""
  6484. "Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way that they can be "
  6485. "used as input or in a Readline initialization file."
  6486. msgstr ""
  6487. #. type: item
  6488. #: ./bashref.texi:4077 ./bashref.texi:4820 ./bashref.texi:5116
  6489. #, no-wrap
  6490. msgid "-P"
  6491. msgstr ""
  6492. #. type: table
  6493. #: ./bashref.texi:4079
  6494. msgid "List current Readline function names and bindings."
  6495. msgstr ""
  6496. #. type: item
  6497. #: ./bashref.texi:4080 ./bashref.texi:4813 ./bashref.texi:5088 ./bashref.texi:7454
  6498. #, no-wrap
  6499. msgid "-v"
  6500. msgstr ""
  6501. #. type: table
  6502. #: ./bashref.texi:4083
  6503. msgid ""
  6504. "Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that they can be "
  6505. "used as input or in a Readline initialization file."
  6506. msgstr ""
  6507. #. type: item
  6508. #: ./bashref.texi:4084
  6509. #, no-wrap
  6510. msgid "-V"
  6511. msgstr ""
  6512. #. type: table
  6513. #: ./bashref.texi:4086
  6514. msgid "List current Readline variable names and values."
  6515. msgstr ""
  6516. #. type: item
  6517. #: ./bashref.texi:4087 ./bashref.texi:4409 ./bashref.texi:4483 ./bashref.texi:4641 ./bashref.texi:4804 ./bashref.texi:5196 ./bashref.texi:6596 ./bashref.texi:8360
  6518. #, no-wrap
  6519. msgid "-s"
  6520. msgstr ""
  6521. #. type: table
  6522. #: ./bashref.texi:4091
  6523. msgid ""
  6524. "Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output "
  6525. "in such a way that they can be used as input or in a Readline initialization "
  6526. "file."
  6527. msgstr ""
  6528. #. type: item
  6529. #: ./bashref.texi:4092 ./bashref.texi:4755
  6530. #, no-wrap
  6531. msgid "-S"
  6532. msgstr ""
  6533. #. type: table
  6534. #: ./bashref.texi:4094
  6535. msgid "Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output."
  6536. msgstr ""
  6537. #. type: item
  6538. #: ./bashref.texi:4095
  6539. #, no-wrap
  6540. msgid "-f @var{filename}"
  6541. msgstr ""
  6542. #. type: table
  6543. #: ./bashref.texi:4097
  6544. msgid "Read key bindings from @var{filename}."
  6545. msgstr ""
  6546. #. type: item
  6547. #: ./bashref.texi:4098
  6548. #, no-wrap
  6549. msgid "-q @var{function}"
  6550. msgstr ""
  6551. #. type: table
  6552. #: ./bashref.texi:4100
  6553. msgid "Query about which keys invoke the named @var{function}."
  6554. msgstr ""
  6555. #. type: item
  6556. #: ./bashref.texi:4101
  6557. #, no-wrap
  6558. msgid "-u @var{function}"
  6559. msgstr ""
  6560. #. type: table
  6561. #: ./bashref.texi:4103
  6562. msgid "Unbind all keys bound to the named @var{function}."
  6563. msgstr ""
  6564. #. type: item
  6565. #: ./bashref.texi:4104
  6566. #, no-wrap
  6567. msgid "-r @var{keyseq}"
  6568. msgstr ""
  6569. #. type: table
  6570. #: ./bashref.texi:4106
  6571. msgid "Remove any current binding for @var{keyseq}."
  6572. msgstr ""
  6573. #. type: item
  6574. #: ./bashref.texi:4107
  6575. #, no-wrap
  6576. msgid "-x @var{keyseq:shell-command}"
  6577. msgstr ""
  6578. #. type: table
  6579. #: ./bashref.texi:4118
  6580. msgid ""
  6581. "Cause @var{shell-command} to be executed whenever @var{keyseq} is entered. "
  6582. "When @var{shell-command} is executed, the shell sets the "
  6583. "@code{READLINE_LINE} variable to the contents of the Readline line buffer "
  6584. "and the @code{READLINE_POINT} and @code{READLINE_MARK} variables to the "
  6585. "current location of the insertion point and the saved insertion point (the "
  6586. "@var{mark}), respectively. If the executed command changes the value of any "
  6587. "of @code{READLINE_LINE}, @code{READLINE_POINT}, or @code{READLINE_MARK}, "
  6588. "those new values will be reflected in the editing state."
  6589. msgstr ""
  6590. #. type: item
  6591. #: ./bashref.texi:4119
  6592. #, no-wrap
  6593. msgid "-X"
  6594. msgstr ""
  6595. #. type: table
  6596. #: ./bashref.texi:4122
  6597. msgid ""
  6598. "List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands "
  6599. "in a format that can be reused as input."
  6600. msgstr ""
  6601. #. type: table
  6602. #: ./bashref.texi:4127
  6603. msgid ""
  6604. "The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or an error "
  6605. "occurs."
  6606. msgstr ""
  6607. #. type: example
  6608. #: ./bashref.texi:4132
  6609. #, no-wrap
  6610. msgid "builtin [@var{shell-builtin} [@var{args}]]\n"
  6611. msgstr ""
  6612. #. type: table
  6613. #: ./bashref.texi:4140
  6614. msgid ""
  6615. "Run a shell builtin, passing it @var{args}, and return its exit status. "
  6616. "This is useful when defining a shell function with the same name as a shell "
  6617. "builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin within the function. "
  6618. "The return status is non-zero if @var{shell-builtin} is not a shell builtin "
  6619. "command."
  6620. msgstr ""
  6621. #. type: btindex
  6622. #: ./bashref.texi:4141 ./bashref.texi:4142
  6623. #, no-wrap
  6624. msgid "caller"
  6625. msgstr ""
  6626. #. type: example
  6627. #: ./bashref.texi:4145
  6628. #, no-wrap
  6629. msgid "caller [@var{expr}]\n"
  6630. msgstr ""
  6631. #. type: table
  6632. #: ./bashref.texi:4149
  6633. msgid ""
  6634. "Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or a "
  6635. "script executed with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins)."
  6636. msgstr ""
  6637. #. type: table
  6638. #: ./bashref.texi:4157
  6639. msgid ""
  6640. "Without @var{expr}, @code{caller} displays the line number and source "
  6641. "filename of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is "
  6642. "supplied as @var{expr}, @code{caller} displays the line number, subroutine "
  6643. "name, and source file corresponding to that position in the current "
  6644. "execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for example, to "
  6645. "print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0."
  6646. msgstr ""
  6647. #. type: table
  6648. #: ./bashref.texi:4161
  6649. msgid ""
  6650. "The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine call or "
  6651. "@var{expr} does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack."
  6652. msgstr ""
  6653. #. type: btindex
  6654. #: ./bashref.texi:4162 ./bashref.texi:4163
  6655. #, no-wrap
  6656. msgid "command"
  6657. msgstr ""
  6658. #. type: example
  6659. #: ./bashref.texi:4166
  6660. #, no-wrap
  6661. msgid "command [-pVv] @var{command} [@var{arguments} @dots{}]\n"
  6662. msgstr ""
  6663. #. type: table
  6664. #: ./bashref.texi:4180
  6665. msgid ""
  6666. "Runs @var{command} with @var{arguments} ignoring any shell function named "
  6667. "@var{command}. Only shell builtin commands or commands found by searching "
  6668. "the @env{PATH} are executed. If there is a shell function named @code{ls}, "
  6669. "running @samp{command ls} within the function will execute the external "
  6670. "command @code{ls} instead of calling the function recursively. The "
  6671. "@option{-p} option means to use a default value for @env{PATH} that is "
  6672. "guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. The return status in this "
  6673. "case is 127 if @var{command} cannot be found or an error occurred, and the "
  6674. "exit status of @var{command} otherwise."
  6675. msgstr ""
  6676. #. type: table
  6677. #: ./bashref.texi:4187
  6678. msgid ""
  6679. "If either the @option{-V} or @option{-v} option is supplied, a description "
  6680. "of @var{command} is printed. The @option{-v} option causes a single word "
  6681. "indicating the command or file name used to invoke @var{command} to be "
  6682. "displayed; the @option{-V} option produces a more verbose description. In "
  6683. "this case, the return status is zero if @var{command} is found, and non-zero "
  6684. "if not."
  6685. msgstr ""
  6686. #. type: btindex
  6687. #: ./bashref.texi:4188 ./bashref.texi:4189
  6688. #, no-wrap
  6689. msgid "declare"
  6690. msgstr ""
  6691. #. type: example
  6692. #: ./bashref.texi:4192
  6693. #, no-wrap
  6694. msgid "declare [-aAfFgiIlnrtux] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]\n"
  6695. msgstr ""
  6696. #. type: table
  6697. #: ./bashref.texi:4196
  6698. msgid ""
  6699. "Declare variables and give them attributes. If no @var{name}s are given, "
  6700. "then display the values of variables instead."
  6701. msgstr ""
  6702. #. type: table
  6703. #: ./bashref.texi:4201
  6704. msgid ""
  6705. "The @option{-p} option will display the attributes and values of each "
  6706. "@var{name}. When @option{-p} is used with @var{name} arguments, additional "
  6707. "options, other than @option{-f} and @option{-F}, are ignored."
  6708. msgstr ""
  6709. #. type: table
  6710. #: ./bashref.texi:4208
  6711. msgid ""
  6712. "When @option{-p} is supplied without @var{name} arguments, @code{declare} "
  6713. "will display the attributes and values of all variables having the "
  6714. "attributes specified by the additional options. If no other options are "
  6715. "supplied with @option{-p}, @code{declare} will display the attributes and "
  6716. "values of all shell variables. The @option{-f} option will restrict the "
  6717. "display to shell functions."
  6718. msgstr ""
  6719. #. type: table
  6720. #: ./bashref.texi:4215
  6721. msgid ""
  6722. "The @option{-F} option inhibits the display of function definitions; only "
  6723. "the function name and attributes are printed. If the @code{extdebug} shell "
  6724. "option is enabled using @code{shopt} (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), the source "
  6725. "file name and line number where each @var{name} is defined are displayed as "
  6726. "well. @option{-F} implies @option{-f}."
  6727. msgstr ""
  6728. #. type: table
  6729. #: ./bashref.texi:4219
  6730. msgid ""
  6731. "The @option{-g} option forces variables to be created or modified at the "
  6732. "global scope, even when @code{declare} is executed in a shell function. It "
  6733. "is ignored in all other cases."
  6734. msgstr ""
  6735. #. type: table
  6736. #: ./bashref.texi:4225
  6737. msgid ""
  6738. "The @option{-I} option causes local variables to inherit the attributes "
  6739. "(except the @var{nameref} attribute) and value of any existing variable "
  6740. "with the same @var{name} at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing "
  6741. "variable, the local variable is initially unset."
  6742. msgstr ""
  6743. #. type: table
  6744. #: ./bashref.texi:4228
  6745. msgid ""
  6746. "The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with the "
  6747. "specified attributes or to give variables attributes:"
  6748. msgstr ""
  6749. #. type: item
  6750. #: ./bashref.texi:4230 ./bashref.texi:4761 ./bashref.texi:4906
  6751. #, no-wrap
  6752. msgid "-a"
  6753. msgstr ""
  6754. #. type: table
  6755. #: ./bashref.texi:4232
  6756. msgid "Each @var{name} is an indexed array variable (@pxref{Arrays})."
  6757. msgstr ""
  6758. #. type: item
  6759. #: ./bashref.texi:4233
  6760. #, no-wrap
  6761. msgid "-A"
  6762. msgstr ""
  6763. #. type: table
  6764. #: ./bashref.texi:4235
  6765. msgid "Each @var{name} is an associative array variable (@pxref{Arrays})."
  6766. msgstr ""
  6767. #. type: item
  6768. #: ./bashref.texi:4236 ./bashref.texi:4776 ./bashref.texi:4948
  6769. #, no-wrap
  6770. msgid "-f"
  6771. msgstr ""
  6772. #. type: table
  6773. #: ./bashref.texi:4238
  6774. msgid "Use function names only."
  6775. msgstr ""
  6776. #. type: item
  6777. #: ./bashref.texi:4239 ./bashref.texi:4779 ./bashref.texi:6578
  6778. #, no-wrap
  6779. msgid "-i"
  6780. msgstr ""
  6781. #. type: table
  6782. #: ./bashref.texi:4243
  6783. msgid ""
  6784. "The variable is to be treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation "
  6785. "(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}) is performed when the variable is assigned a "
  6786. "value."
  6787. msgstr ""
  6788. #. type: table
  6789. #: ./bashref.texi:4248
  6790. msgid ""
  6791. "When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are "
  6792. "converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled."
  6793. msgstr ""
  6794. #. type: item
  6795. #: ./bashref.texi:4249 ./bashref.texi:4478 ./bashref.texi:4791 ./bashref.texi:4966 ./bashref.texi:7480 ./bashref.texi:7503 ./bashref.texi:8350
  6796. #, no-wrap
  6797. msgid "-n"
  6798. msgstr ""
  6799. #. type: table
  6800. #: ./bashref.texi:4258
  6801. msgid ""
  6802. "Give each @var{name} the @var{nameref} attribute, making it a name reference "
  6803. "to another variable. That other variable is defined by the value of "
  6804. "@var{name}. All references, assignments, and attribute modifications to "
  6805. "@var{name}, except for those using or changing the @option{-n} attribute "
  6806. "itself, are performed on the variable referenced by @var{name}'s value. The "
  6807. "nameref attribute cannot be applied to array variables."
  6808. msgstr ""
  6809. #. type: item
  6810. #: ./bashref.texi:4259 ./bashref.texi:4635 ./bashref.texi:4801 ./bashref.texi:6593 ./bashref.texi:8357
  6811. #, no-wrap
  6812. msgid "-r"
  6813. msgstr ""
  6814. #. type: table
  6815. #: ./bashref.texi:4262
  6816. msgid ""
  6817. "Make @var{name}s readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by "
  6818. "subsequent assignment statements or unset."
  6819. msgstr ""
  6820. #. type: item
  6821. #: ./bashref.texi:4263 ./bashref.texi:4485 ./bashref.texi:4807 ./bashref.texi:5079
  6822. #, no-wrap
  6823. msgid "-t"
  6824. msgstr ""
  6825. #. type: table
  6826. #: ./bashref.texi:4268
  6827. msgid ""
  6828. "Give each @var{name} the @code{trace} attribute. Traced functions inherit "
  6829. "the @code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} traps from the calling shell. The trace "
  6830. "attribute has no special meaning for variables."
  6831. msgstr ""
  6832. #. type: item
  6833. #: ./bashref.texi:4269 ./bashref.texi:4487 ./bashref.texi:4810 ./bashref.texi:5082 ./bashref.texi:5199
  6834. #, no-wrap
  6835. msgid "-u"
  6836. msgstr ""
  6837. #. type: table
  6838. #: ./bashref.texi:4273
  6839. msgid ""
  6840. "When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are "
  6841. "converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled."
  6842. msgstr ""
  6843. #. type: item
  6844. #: ./bashref.texi:4274 ./bashref.texi:4817 ./bashref.texi:5091
  6845. #, no-wrap
  6846. msgid "-x"
  6847. msgstr ""
  6848. #. type: table
  6849. #: ./bashref.texi:4277
  6850. msgid "Mark each @var{name} for export to subsequent commands via the environment."
  6851. msgstr ""
  6852. #. type: table
  6853. #: ./bashref.texi:4287
  6854. msgid ""
  6855. "Using @samp{+} instead of @samp{-} turns off the attribute instead, with the "
  6856. "exceptions that @samp{+a} and @samp{+A} may not be used to destroy array "
  6857. "variables and @samp{+r} will not remove the readonly attribute. When used "
  6858. "in a function, @code{declare} makes each @var{name} local, as with the "
  6859. "@code{local} command, unless the @option{-g} option is used. If a variable "
  6860. "name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of the variable is set to "
  6861. "@var{value}."
  6862. msgstr ""
  6863. #. type: table
  6864. #: ./bashref.texi:4291
  6865. msgid ""
  6866. "When using @option{-a} or @option{-A} and the compound assignment syntax to "
  6867. "create array variables, additional attributes do not take effect until "
  6868. "subsequent assignments."
  6869. msgstr ""
  6870. #. type: table
  6871. #: ./bashref.texi:4301
  6872. msgid ""
  6873. "The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered, an "
  6874. "attempt is made to define a function using @samp{-f foo=bar}, an attempt is "
  6875. "made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign "
  6876. "a value to an array variable without using the compound assignment syntax "
  6877. "(@pxref{Arrays}), one of the @var{names} is not a valid shell variable name, "
  6878. "an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an "
  6879. "attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an "
  6880. "attempt is made to display a non-existent function with @option{-f}."
  6881. msgstr ""
  6882. #. type: btindex
  6883. #: ./bashref.texi:4302 ./bashref.texi:4303
  6884. #, no-wrap
  6885. msgid "echo"
  6886. msgstr ""
  6887. #. type: example
  6888. #: ./bashref.texi:4306
  6889. #, no-wrap
  6890. msgid "echo [-neE] [@var{arg} @dots{}]\n"
  6891. msgstr ""
  6892. #. type: table
  6893. #: ./bashref.texi:4320
  6894. msgid ""
  6895. "Output the @var{arg}s, separated by spaces, terminated with a newline. The "
  6896. "return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If @option{-n} is "
  6897. "specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the @option{-e} option is "
  6898. "given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped characters is "
  6899. "enabled. The @option{-E} option disables the interpretation of these escape "
  6900. "characters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. The "
  6901. "@code{xpg_echo} shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or "
  6902. "not @code{echo} expands these escape characters by default. @code{echo} "
  6903. "does not interpret @option{--} to mean the end of options."
  6904. msgstr ""
  6905. #. type: table
  6906. #: ./bashref.texi:4322
  6907. msgid "@code{echo} interprets the following escape sequences:"
  6908. msgstr ""
  6909. #. type: item
  6910. #: ./bashref.texi:4327
  6911. #, no-wrap
  6912. msgid "\\c"
  6913. msgstr ""
  6914. #. type: table
  6915. #: ./bashref.texi:4329
  6916. msgid "suppress further output"
  6917. msgstr ""
  6918. #. type: table
  6919. #: ./bashref.texi:4332
  6920. msgid "escape"
  6921. msgstr ""
  6922. #. type: table
  6923. #: ./bashref.texi:4336
  6924. msgid "new line"
  6925. msgstr ""
  6926. #. type: item
  6927. #: ./bashref.texi:4344
  6928. #, no-wrap
  6929. msgid "\\0@var{nnn}"
  6930. msgstr ""
  6931. #. type: table
  6932. #: ./bashref.texi:4347
  6933. msgid ""
  6934. "the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn} (zero to "
  6935. "three octal digits)"
  6936. msgstr ""
  6937. #. type: btindex
  6938. #: ./bashref.texi:4358 ./bashref.texi:4359
  6939. #, no-wrap
  6940. msgid "enable"
  6941. msgstr ""
  6942. #. type: example
  6943. #: ./bashref.texi:4362
  6944. #, no-wrap
  6945. msgid "enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f @var{filename}] [@var{name} @dots{}]\n"
  6946. msgstr ""
  6947. #. type: table
  6948. #: ./bashref.texi:4372
  6949. msgid ""
  6950. "Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a "
  6951. "disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin to be executed "
  6952. "without specifying a full pathname, even though the shell normally searches "
  6953. "for builtins before disk commands. If @option{-n} is used, the @var{name}s "
  6954. "become disabled. Otherwise @var{name}s are enabled. For example, to use "
  6955. "the @code{test} binary found via @env{$PATH} instead of the shell builtin "
  6956. "version, type @samp{enable -n test}."
  6957. msgstr ""
  6958. #. type: table
  6959. #: ./bashref.texi:4378
  6960. msgid ""
  6961. "If the @option{-p} option is supplied, or no @var{name} arguments appear, a "
  6962. "list of shell builtins is printed. With no other arguments, the list "
  6963. "consists of all enabled shell builtins. The @option{-a} option means to "
  6964. "list each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled."
  6965. msgstr ""
  6966. #. type: table
  6967. #: ./bashref.texi:4382
  6968. msgid ""
  6969. "The @option{-f} option means to load the new builtin command @var{name} from "
  6970. "shared object @var{filename}, on systems that support dynamic loading. The "
  6971. "@option{-d} option will delete a builtin loaded with @option{-f}."
  6972. msgstr ""
  6973. #. type: table
  6974. #: ./bashref.texi:4387
  6975. msgid ""
  6976. "If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed. The "
  6977. "@option{-s} option restricts @code{enable} to the @sc{posix} special "
  6978. "builtins. If @option{-s} is used with @option{-f}, the new builtin becomes "
  6979. "a special builtin (@pxref{Special Builtins})."
  6980. msgstr ""
  6981. #. type: table
  6982. #: ./bashref.texi:4390
  6983. msgid ""
  6984. "The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not a shell builtin or "
  6985. "there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object."
  6986. msgstr ""
  6987. #. type: btindex
  6988. #: ./bashref.texi:4391 ./bashref.texi:4392
  6989. #, no-wrap
  6990. msgid "help"
  6991. msgstr ""
  6992. #. type: example
  6993. #: ./bashref.texi:4395
  6994. #, no-wrap
  6995. msgid "help [-dms] [@var{pattern}]\n"
  6996. msgstr ""
  6997. #. type: table
  6998. #: ./bashref.texi:4401
  6999. msgid ""
  7000. "Display helpful information about builtin commands. If @var{pattern} is "
  7001. "specified, @code{help} gives detailed help on all commands matching "
  7002. "@var{pattern}, otherwise a list of the builtins is printed."
  7003. msgstr ""
  7004. #. type: item
  7005. #: ./bashref.texi:4405 ./bashref.texi:4473 ./bashref.texi:4770
  7006. #, no-wrap
  7007. msgid "-d"
  7008. msgstr ""
  7009. #. type: table
  7010. #: ./bashref.texi:4407
  7011. msgid "Display a short description of each @var{pattern}"
  7012. msgstr ""
  7013. #. type: item
  7014. #: ./bashref.texi:4407 ./bashref.texi:4788 ./bashref.texi:4960
  7015. #, no-wrap
  7016. msgid "-m"
  7017. msgstr ""
  7018. #. type: table
  7019. #: ./bashref.texi:4409
  7020. msgid "Display the description of each @var{pattern} in a manpage-like format"
  7021. msgstr ""
  7022. #. type: table
  7023. #: ./bashref.texi:4411
  7024. msgid "Display only a short usage synopsis for each @var{pattern}"
  7025. msgstr ""
  7026. #. type: table
  7027. #: ./bashref.texi:4414
  7028. msgid "The return status is zero unless no command matches @var{pattern}."
  7029. msgstr ""
  7030. #. type: btindex
  7031. #: ./bashref.texi:4415 ./bashref.texi:4416
  7032. #, no-wrap
  7033. msgid "let"
  7034. msgstr ""
  7035. #. type: example
  7036. #: ./bashref.texi:4419
  7037. #, no-wrap
  7038. msgid "let @var{expression} [@var{expression} @dots{}]\n"
  7039. msgstr ""
  7040. #. type: table
  7041. #: ./bashref.texi:4426
  7042. msgid ""
  7043. "The @code{let} builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell "
  7044. "variables. Each @var{expression} is evaluated according to the rules given "
  7045. "below in @ref{Shell Arithmetic}. If the last @var{expression} evaluates to "
  7046. "0, @code{let} returns 1; otherwise 0 is returned."
  7047. msgstr ""
  7048. #. type: btindex
  7049. #: ./bashref.texi:4427 ./bashref.texi:4428
  7050. #, no-wrap
  7051. msgid "local"
  7052. msgstr ""
  7053. #. type: example
  7054. #: ./bashref.texi:4431
  7055. #, no-wrap
  7056. msgid "local [@var{option}] @var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}\n"
  7057. msgstr ""
  7058. #. type: table
  7059. #: ./bashref.texi:4448
  7060. msgid ""
  7061. "For each argument, a local variable named @var{name} is created, and "
  7062. "assigned @var{value}. The @var{option} can be any of the options accepted "
  7063. "by @code{declare}. @code{local} can only be used within a function; it "
  7064. "makes the variable @var{name} have a visible scope restricted to that "
  7065. "function and its children. If @var{name} is @samp{-}, the set of shell "
  7066. "options is made local to the function in which @code{local} is invoked: "
  7067. "shell options changed using the @code{set} builtin inside the function are "
  7068. "restored to their original values when the function returns. The restore is "
  7069. "effected as if a series of @code{set} commands were executed to restore the "
  7070. "values that were in place before the function. The return status is zero "
  7071. "unless @code{local} is used outside a function, an invalid @var{name} is "
  7072. "supplied, or @var{name} is a readonly variable."
  7073. msgstr ""
  7074. #. type: btindex
  7075. #: ./bashref.texi:4449 ./bashref.texi:4450
  7076. #, no-wrap
  7077. msgid "logout"
  7078. msgstr ""
  7079. #. type: example
  7080. #: ./bashref.texi:4453
  7081. #, no-wrap
  7082. msgid "logout [@var{n}]\n"
  7083. msgstr ""
  7084. #. type: table
  7085. #: ./bashref.texi:4457
  7086. msgid "Exit a login shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's parent."
  7087. msgstr ""
  7088. #. type: btindex
  7089. #: ./bashref.texi:4458 ./bashref.texi:4459
  7090. #, no-wrap
  7091. msgid "mapfile"
  7092. msgstr ""
  7093. #. type: example
  7094. #: ./bashref.texi:4463
  7095. #, no-wrap
  7096. msgid ""
  7097. "mapfile [-d @var{delim}] [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s "
  7098. "@var{count}]\n"
  7099. " [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] "
  7100. "[@var{array}]\n"
  7101. msgstr ""
  7102. #. type: table
  7103. #: ./bashref.texi:4470
  7104. msgid ""
  7105. "Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable "
  7106. "@var{array}, or from file descriptor @var{fd} if the @option{-u} option is "
  7107. "supplied. The variable @code{MAPFILE} is the default @var{array}. Options, "
  7108. "if supplied, have the following meanings:"
  7109. msgstr ""
  7110. #. type: table
  7111. #: ./bashref.texi:4478
  7112. msgid ""
  7113. "The first character of @var{delim} is used to terminate each input line, "
  7114. "rather than newline. If @var{delim} is the empty string, @code{mapfile} "
  7115. "will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character."
  7116. msgstr ""
  7117. #. type: table
  7118. #: ./bashref.texi:4480
  7119. msgid "Copy at most @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is 0, all lines are copied."
  7120. msgstr ""
  7121. #. type: item
  7122. #: ./bashref.texi:4480
  7123. #, no-wrap
  7124. msgid "-O"
  7125. msgstr ""
  7126. #. type: table
  7127. #: ./bashref.texi:4483
  7128. msgid ""
  7129. "Begin assigning to @var{array} at index @var{origin}. The default index is "
  7130. "0."
  7131. msgstr ""
  7132. #. type: table
  7133. #: ./bashref.texi:4485
  7134. msgid "Discard the first @var{count} lines read."
  7135. msgstr ""
  7136. #. type: table
  7137. #: ./bashref.texi:4487
  7138. msgid "Remove a trailing @var{delim} (default newline) from each line read."
  7139. msgstr ""
  7140. #. type: table
  7141. #: ./bashref.texi:4489
  7142. msgid "Read lines from file descriptor @var{fd} instead of the standard input."
  7143. msgstr ""
  7144. #. type: item
  7145. #: ./bashref.texi:4489 ./bashref.texi:5103
  7146. #, no-wrap
  7147. msgid "-C"
  7148. msgstr ""
  7149. #. type: table
  7150. #: ./bashref.texi:4492
  7151. msgid ""
  7152. "Evaluate @var{callback} each time @var{quantum} lines are read. The "
  7153. "@option{-c} option specifies @var{quantum}."
  7154. msgstr ""
  7155. #. type: item
  7156. #: ./bashref.texi:4492 ./bashref.texi:4767 ./bashref.texi:6569 ./bashref.texi:7446
  7157. #, no-wrap
  7158. msgid "-c"
  7159. msgstr ""
  7160. #. type: table
  7161. #: ./bashref.texi:4494
  7162. msgid "Specify the number of lines read between each call to @var{callback}."
  7163. msgstr ""
  7164. #. type: table
  7165. #: ./bashref.texi:4503
  7166. msgid ""
  7167. "If @option{-C} is specified without @option{-c}, the default quantum is "
  7168. "5000. When @var{callback} is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the "
  7169. "next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that "
  7170. "element as additional arguments. @var{callback} is evaluated after the line "
  7171. "is read but before the array element is assigned."
  7172. msgstr ""
  7173. #. type: table
  7174. #: ./bashref.texi:4506
  7175. msgid ""
  7176. "If not supplied with an explicit origin, @code{mapfile} will clear "
  7177. "@var{array} before assigning to it."
  7178. msgstr ""
  7179. #. type: table
  7180. #: ./bashref.texi:4510
  7181. msgid ""
  7182. "@code{mapfile} returns successfully unless an invalid option or option "
  7183. "argument is supplied, @var{array} is invalid or unassignable, or @var{array} "
  7184. "is not an indexed array."
  7185. msgstr ""
  7186. #. type: btindex
  7187. #: ./bashref.texi:4511 ./bashref.texi:4512
  7188. #, no-wrap
  7189. msgid "printf"
  7190. msgstr ""
  7191. #. type: example
  7192. #: ./bashref.texi:4515
  7193. #, no-wrap
  7194. msgid "printf [-v @var{var}] @var{format} [@var{arguments}]\n"
  7195. msgstr ""
  7196. #. type: table
  7197. #: ./bashref.texi:4521
  7198. msgid ""
  7199. "Write the formatted @var{arguments} to the standard output under the control "
  7200. "of the @var{format}. The @option{-v} option causes the output to be "
  7201. "assigned to the variable @var{var} rather than being printed to the standard "
  7202. "output."
  7203. msgstr ""
  7204. #. type: table
  7205. #: ./bashref.texi:4529
  7206. msgid ""
  7207. "The @var{format} is a character string which contains three types of "
  7208. "objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, "
  7209. "character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard "
  7210. "output, and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next "
  7211. "successive @var{argument}. In addition to the standard @code{printf(1)} "
  7212. "formats, @code{printf} interprets the following extensions:"
  7213. msgstr ""
  7214. #. type: item
  7215. #: ./bashref.texi:4531
  7216. #, no-wrap
  7217. msgid "%b"
  7218. msgstr ""
  7219. #. type: table
  7220. #: ./bashref.texi:4535
  7221. msgid ""
  7222. "Causes @code{printf} to expand backslash escape sequences in the "
  7223. "corresponding @var{argument} in the same way as @code{echo -e} (@pxref{Bash "
  7224. "Builtins})."
  7225. msgstr ""
  7226. #. type: item
  7227. #: ./bashref.texi:4535
  7228. #, no-wrap
  7229. msgid "%q"
  7230. msgstr ""
  7231. #. type: table
  7232. #: ./bashref.texi:4538
  7233. msgid ""
  7234. "Causes @code{printf} to output the corresponding @var{argument} in a format "
  7235. "that can be reused as shell input."
  7236. msgstr ""
  7237. #. type: item
  7238. #: ./bashref.texi:4538
  7239. #, no-wrap
  7240. msgid "%(@var{datefmt})T"
  7241. msgstr ""
  7242. #. type: table
  7243. #: ./bashref.texi:4547
  7244. msgid ""
  7245. "Causes @code{printf} to output the date-time string resulting from using "
  7246. "@var{datefmt} as a format string for @code{strftime}(3). The corresponding "
  7247. "@var{argument} is an integer representing the number of seconds since the "
  7248. "epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current "
  7249. "time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no argument is "
  7250. "specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been given. This is an exception "
  7251. "to the usual @code{printf} behavior."
  7252. msgstr ""
  7253. #. type: table
  7254. #: ./bashref.texi:4554
  7255. msgid ""
  7256. "The %b, %q, and %T directives all use the field width and precision "
  7257. "arguments from the format specification and write that many bytes from (or "
  7258. "use that wide a field for) the expanded argument, which usually contains "
  7259. "more characters than the original."
  7260. msgstr ""
  7261. #. type: table
  7262. #: ./bashref.texi:4559
  7263. msgid ""
  7264. "Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C language "
  7265. "constants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the "
  7266. "leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value "
  7267. "of the following character."
  7268. msgstr ""
  7269. #. type: table
  7270. #: ./bashref.texi:4565
  7271. msgid ""
  7272. "The @var{format} is reused as necessary to consume all of the "
  7273. "@var{arguments}. If the @var{format} requires more @var{arguments} than are "
  7274. "supplied, the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null "
  7275. "string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on "
  7276. "success, non-zero on failure."
  7277. msgstr ""
  7278. #. type: btindex
  7279. #: ./bashref.texi:4566 ./bashref.texi:4567
  7280. #, no-wrap
  7281. msgid "read"
  7282. msgstr ""
  7283. #. type: example
  7284. #: ./bashref.texi:4571
  7285. #, no-wrap
  7286. msgid ""
  7287. "read [-ers] [-a @var{aname}] [-d @var{delim}] [-i @var{text}] [-n "
  7288. "@var{nchars}]\n"
  7289. " [-N @var{nchars}] [-p @var{prompt}] [-t @var{timeout}] [-u @var{fd}] "
  7290. "[@var{name} @dots{}]\n"
  7291. msgstr ""
  7292. #. type: table
  7293. #: ./bashref.texi:4589
  7294. msgid ""
  7295. "One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor "
  7296. "@var{fd} supplied as an argument to the @option{-u} option, split into words "
  7297. "as described above in @ref{Word Splitting}, and the first word is assigned "
  7298. "to the first @var{name}, the second word to the second @var{name}, and so "
  7299. "on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their "
  7300. "intervening delimiters are assigned to the last @var{name}. If there are "
  7301. "fewer words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are "
  7302. "assigned empty values. The characters in the value of the @env{IFS} "
  7303. "variable are used to split the line into words using the same rules the "
  7304. "shell uses for expansion (described above in @ref{Word Splitting}). The "
  7305. "backslash character @samp{\\} may be used to remove any special meaning for "
  7306. "the next character read and for line continuation."
  7307. msgstr ""
  7308. #. type: item
  7309. #: ./bashref.texi:4593
  7310. #, no-wrap
  7311. msgid "-a @var{aname}"
  7312. msgstr ""
  7313. #. type: table
  7314. #: ./bashref.texi:4598
  7315. msgid ""
  7316. "The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable "
  7317. "@var{aname}, starting at 0. All elements are removed from @var{aname} "
  7318. "before the assignment. Other @var{name} arguments are ignored."
  7319. msgstr ""
  7320. #. type: item
  7321. #: ./bashref.texi:4599
  7322. #, no-wrap
  7323. msgid "-d @var{delim}"
  7324. msgstr ""
  7325. #. type: table
  7326. #: ./bashref.texi:4604
  7327. msgid ""
  7328. "The first character of @var{delim} is used to terminate the input line, "
  7329. "rather than newline. If @var{delim} is the empty string, @code{read} will "
  7330. "terminate a line when it reads a NUL character."
  7331. msgstr ""
  7332. #. type: item
  7333. #: ./bashref.texi:4605 ./bashref.texi:4773 ./bashref.texi:4915
  7334. #, no-wrap
  7335. msgid "-e"
  7336. msgstr ""
  7337. #. type: table
  7338. #: ./bashref.texi:4609
  7339. msgid ""
  7340. "Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) is used to obtain the line. "
  7341. "Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously "
  7342. "active) editing settings, but uses Readline's default filename completion."
  7343. msgstr ""
  7344. #. type: item
  7345. #: ./bashref.texi:4610
  7346. #, no-wrap
  7347. msgid "-i @var{text}"
  7348. msgstr ""
  7349. #. type: table
  7350. #: ./bashref.texi:4613
  7351. msgid ""
  7352. "If Readline is being used to read the line, @var{text} is placed into the "
  7353. "editing buffer before editing begins."
  7354. msgstr ""
  7355. #. type: item
  7356. #: ./bashref.texi:4614
  7357. #, no-wrap
  7358. msgid "-n @var{nchars}"
  7359. msgstr ""
  7360. #. type: table
  7361. #: ./bashref.texi:4618
  7362. msgid ""
  7363. "@code{read} returns after reading @var{nchars} characters rather than "
  7364. "waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delimiter if fewer than "
  7365. "@var{nchars} characters are read before the delimiter."
  7366. msgstr ""
  7367. #. type: item
  7368. #: ./bashref.texi:4619
  7369. #, no-wrap
  7370. msgid "-N @var{nchars}"
  7371. msgstr ""
  7372. #. type: table
  7373. #: ./bashref.texi:4629
  7374. msgid ""
  7375. "@code{read} returns after reading exactly @var{nchars} characters rather "
  7376. "than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or "
  7377. "@code{read} times out. Delimiter characters encountered in the input are "
  7378. "not treated specially and do not cause @code{read} to return until "
  7379. "@var{nchars} characters are read. The result is not split on the characters "
  7380. "in @code{IFS}; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the "
  7381. "characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the @option{-r} option "
  7382. "below)."
  7383. msgstr ""
  7384. #. type: item
  7385. #: ./bashref.texi:4630
  7386. #, no-wrap
  7387. msgid "-p @var{prompt}"
  7388. msgstr ""
  7389. #. type: table
  7390. #: ./bashref.texi:4634
  7391. msgid ""
  7392. "Display @var{prompt}, without a trailing newline, before attempting to read "
  7393. "any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal."
  7394. msgstr ""
  7395. #. type: table
  7396. #: ./bashref.texi:4640
  7397. msgid ""
  7398. "If this option is given, backslash does not act as an escape character. The "
  7399. "backslash is considered to be part of the line. In particular, a "
  7400. "backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a line continuation."
  7401. msgstr ""
  7402. #. type: table
  7403. #: ./bashref.texi:4644
  7404. msgid "Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed."
  7405. msgstr ""
  7406. #. type: item
  7407. #: ./bashref.texi:4645
  7408. #, no-wrap
  7409. msgid "-t @var{timeout}"
  7410. msgstr ""
  7411. #. type: table
  7412. #: ./bashref.texi:4660
  7413. msgid ""
  7414. "Cause @code{read} to time out and return failure if a complete line of input "
  7415. "(or a specified number of characters) is not read within @var{timeout} "
  7416. "seconds. @var{timeout} may be a decimal number with a fractional portion "
  7417. "following the decimal point. This option is only effective if @code{read} "
  7418. "is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no "
  7419. "effect when reading from regular files. If @code{read} times out, "
  7420. "@code{read} saves any partial input read into the specified variable "
  7421. "@var{name}. If @var{timeout} is 0, @code{read} returns immediately, without "
  7422. "trying to read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on the "
  7423. "specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit status is greater "
  7424. "than 128 if the timeout is exceeded."
  7425. msgstr ""
  7426. #. type: item
  7427. #: ./bashref.texi:4661
  7428. #, no-wrap
  7429. msgid "-u @var{fd}"
  7430. msgstr ""
  7431. #. type: table
  7432. #: ./bashref.texi:4663
  7433. msgid "Read input from file descriptor @var{fd}."
  7434. msgstr ""
  7435. #. type: table
  7436. #: ./bashref.texi:4673
  7437. msgid ""
  7438. "If no @var{name}s are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter "
  7439. "but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable @env{REPLY}. The exit "
  7440. "status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, @code{read} times out (in "
  7441. "which case the status is greater than 128), a variable assignment error "
  7442. "(such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file "
  7443. "descriptor is supplied as the argument to @option{-u}."
  7444. msgstr ""
  7445. #. type: btindex
  7446. #: ./bashref.texi:4674 ./bashref.texi:4675
  7447. #, no-wrap
  7448. msgid "readarray"
  7449. msgstr ""
  7450. #. type: example
  7451. #: ./bashref.texi:4679
  7452. #, no-wrap
  7453. msgid ""
  7454. "readarray [-d @var{delim}] [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s "
  7455. "@var{count}]\n"
  7456. " [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] "
  7457. "[@var{array}]\n"
  7458. msgstr ""
  7459. #. type: table
  7460. #: ./bashref.texi:4684
  7461. msgid ""
  7462. "Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable "
  7463. "@var{array}, or from file descriptor @var{fd} if the @option{-u} option is "
  7464. "supplied."
  7465. msgstr ""
  7466. #. type: table
  7467. #: ./bashref.texi:4686
  7468. msgid "A synonym for @code{mapfile}."
  7469. msgstr ""
  7470. #. type: btindex
  7471. #: ./bashref.texi:4687 ./bashref.texi:4688
  7472. #, no-wrap
  7473. msgid "source"
  7474. msgstr ""
  7475. #. type: example
  7476. #: ./bashref.texi:4691
  7477. #, no-wrap
  7478. msgid "source @var{filename}\n"
  7479. msgstr ""
  7480. #. type: table
  7481. #: ./bashref.texi:4694
  7482. msgid "A synonym for @code{.} (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})."
  7483. msgstr ""
  7484. #. type: btindex
  7485. #: ./bashref.texi:4695 ./bashref.texi:4696
  7486. #, no-wrap
  7487. msgid "type"
  7488. msgstr ""
  7489. #. type: example
  7490. #: ./bashref.texi:4699
  7491. #, no-wrap
  7492. msgid "type [-afptP] [@var{name} @dots{}]\n"
  7493. msgstr ""
  7494. #. type: table
  7495. #: ./bashref.texi:4703
  7496. msgid ""
  7497. "For each @var{name}, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a "
  7498. "command name."
  7499. msgstr ""
  7500. #. type: table
  7501. #: ./bashref.texi:4711
  7502. msgid ""
  7503. "If the @option{-t} option is used, @code{type} prints a single word which is "
  7504. "one of @samp{alias}, @samp{function}, @samp{builtin}, @samp{file} or "
  7505. "@samp{keyword}, if @var{name} is an alias, shell function, shell builtin, "
  7506. "disk file, or shell reserved word, respectively. If the @var{name} is not "
  7507. "found, then nothing is printed, and @code{type} returns a failure status."
  7508. msgstr ""
  7509. #. type: table
  7510. #: ./bashref.texi:4715
  7511. msgid ""
  7512. "If the @option{-p} option is used, @code{type} either returns the name of "
  7513. "the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if @option{-t} would not "
  7514. "return @samp{file}."
  7515. msgstr ""
  7516. #. type: table
  7517. #: ./bashref.texi:4718
  7518. msgid ""
  7519. "The @option{-P} option forces a path search for each @var{name}, even if "
  7520. "@option{-t} would not return @samp{file}."
  7521. msgstr ""
  7522. #. type: table
  7523. #: ./bashref.texi:4721
  7524. msgid ""
  7525. "If a command is hashed, @option{-p} and @option{-P} print the hashed value, "
  7526. "which is not necessarily the file that appears first in @code{$PATH}."
  7527. msgstr ""
  7528. #. type: table
  7529. #: ./bashref.texi:4726
  7530. msgid ""
  7531. "If the @option{-a} option is used, @code{type} returns all of the places "
  7532. "that contain an executable named @var{file}. This includes aliases and "
  7533. "functions, if and only if the @option{-p} option is not also used."
  7534. msgstr ""
  7535. #. type: table
  7536. #: ./bashref.texi:4729
  7537. msgid ""
  7538. "If the @option{-f} option is used, @code{type} does not attempt to find "
  7539. "shell functions, as with the @code{command} builtin."
  7540. msgstr ""
  7541. #. type: table
  7542. #: ./bashref.texi:4732
  7543. msgid ""
  7544. "The return status is zero if all of the @var{names} are found, non-zero if "
  7545. "any are not found."
  7546. msgstr ""
  7547. #. type: btindex
  7548. #: ./bashref.texi:4733 ./bashref.texi:4734
  7549. #, no-wrap
  7550. msgid "typeset"
  7551. msgstr ""
  7552. #. type: example
  7553. #: ./bashref.texi:4737
  7554. #, no-wrap
  7555. msgid "typeset [-afFgrxilnrtux] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]\n"
  7556. msgstr ""
  7557. #. type: table
  7558. #: ./bashref.texi:4742
  7559. msgid ""
  7560. "The @code{typeset} command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn "
  7561. "shell. It is a synonym for the @code{declare} builtin command."
  7562. msgstr ""
  7563. #. type: btindex
  7564. #: ./bashref.texi:4743 ./bashref.texi:4744
  7565. #, no-wrap
  7566. msgid "ulimit"
  7567. msgstr ""
  7568. #. type: example
  7569. #: ./bashref.texi:4748
  7570. #, no-wrap
  7571. msgid ""
  7572. "ulimit [-HS] -a\n"
  7573. "ulimit [-HS] [-bcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPRT] [@var{limit}]\n"
  7574. msgstr ""
  7575. #. type: table
  7576. #: ./bashref.texi:4753
  7577. msgid ""
  7578. "@code{ulimit} provides control over the resources available to processes "
  7579. "started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an option is "
  7580. "given, it is interpreted as follows:"
  7581. msgstr ""
  7582. #. type: table
  7583. #: ./bashref.texi:4757
  7584. msgid "Change and report the soft limit associated with a resource."
  7585. msgstr ""
  7586. #. type: item
  7587. #: ./bashref.texi:4758 ./bashref.texi:5112
  7588. #, no-wrap
  7589. msgid "-H"
  7590. msgstr ""
  7591. #. type: table
  7592. #: ./bashref.texi:4760
  7593. msgid "Change and report the hard limit associated with a resource."
  7594. msgstr ""
  7595. #. type: table
  7596. #: ./bashref.texi:4763
  7597. msgid "All current limits are reported; no limits are set."
  7598. msgstr ""
  7599. #. type: item
  7600. #: ./bashref.texi:4764 ./bashref.texi:4911
  7601. #, no-wrap
  7602. msgid "-b"
  7603. msgstr ""
  7604. #. type: table
  7605. #: ./bashref.texi:4766
  7606. msgid "The maximum socket buffer size."
  7607. msgstr ""
  7608. #. type: table
  7609. #: ./bashref.texi:4769
  7610. msgid "The maximum size of core files created."
  7611. msgstr ""
  7612. #. type: table
  7613. #: ./bashref.texi:4772
  7614. msgid "The maximum size of a process's data segment."
  7615. msgstr ""
  7616. #. type: table
  7617. #: ./bashref.texi:4775
  7618. msgid "The maximum scheduling priority (\"nice\")."
  7619. msgstr ""
  7620. #. type: table
  7621. #: ./bashref.texi:4778
  7622. msgid "The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children."
  7623. msgstr ""
  7624. #. type: table
  7625. #: ./bashref.texi:4781
  7626. msgid "The maximum number of pending signals."
  7627. msgstr ""
  7628. #. type: item
  7629. #: ./bashref.texi:4782 ./bashref.texi:4955
  7630. #, no-wrap
  7631. msgid "-k"
  7632. msgstr ""
  7633. #. type: table
  7634. #: ./bashref.texi:4784
  7635. msgid "The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated."
  7636. msgstr ""
  7637. #. type: table
  7638. #: ./bashref.texi:4787
  7639. msgid "The maximum size that may be locked into memory."
  7640. msgstr ""
  7641. #. type: table
  7642. #: ./bashref.texi:4790
  7643. msgid "The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit)."
  7644. msgstr ""
  7645. #. type: table
  7646. #: ./bashref.texi:4794
  7647. msgid ""
  7648. "The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this "
  7649. "value to be set)."
  7650. msgstr ""
  7651. #. type: table
  7652. #: ./bashref.texi:4797
  7653. msgid "The pipe buffer size."
  7654. msgstr ""
  7655. #. type: itemx
  7656. #: ./bashref.texi:4798 ./bashref.texi:5202 ./bashref.texi:8743
  7657. #, no-wrap
  7658. msgid "-q"
  7659. msgstr ""
  7660. #. type: table
  7661. #: ./bashref.texi:4800
  7662. msgid "The maximum number of bytes in @sc{posix} message queues."
  7663. msgstr ""
  7664. #. type: table
  7665. #: ./bashref.texi:4803
  7666. msgid "The maximum real-time scheduling priority."
  7667. msgstr ""
  7668. #. type: table
  7669. #: ./bashref.texi:4806
  7670. msgid "The maximum stack size."
  7671. msgstr ""
  7672. #. type: table
  7673. #: ./bashref.texi:4809
  7674. msgid "The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds."
  7675. msgstr ""
  7676. #. type: table
  7677. #: ./bashref.texi:4812
  7678. msgid "The maximum number of processes available to a single user."
  7679. msgstr ""
  7680. #. type: table
  7681. #: ./bashref.texi:4816
  7682. msgid ""
  7683. "The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell, and, on some "
  7684. "systems, to its children."
  7685. msgstr ""
  7686. #. type: table
  7687. #: ./bashref.texi:4819
  7688. msgid "The maximum number of file locks."
  7689. msgstr ""
  7690. #. type: table
  7691. #: ./bashref.texi:4822
  7692. msgid "The maximum number of pseudoterminals."
  7693. msgstr ""
  7694. #. type: item
  7695. #: ./bashref.texi:4823
  7696. #, no-wrap
  7697. msgid "-R"
  7698. msgstr ""
  7699. #. type: table
  7700. #: ./bashref.texi:4825
  7701. msgid ""
  7702. "The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, in "
  7703. "microseconds."
  7704. msgstr ""
  7705. #. type: item
  7706. #: ./bashref.texi:4826 ./bashref.texi:5141
  7707. #, no-wrap
  7708. msgid "-T"
  7709. msgstr ""
  7710. #. type: table
  7711. #: ./bashref.texi:4828
  7712. msgid "The maximum number of threads."
  7713. msgstr ""
  7714. #. type: table
  7715. #: ./bashref.texi:4856
  7716. msgid ""
  7717. "If @var{limit} is given, and the @option{-a} option is not used, @var{limit} "
  7718. "is the new value of the specified resource. The special @var{limit} values "
  7719. "@code{hard}, @code{soft}, and @code{unlimited} stand for the current hard "
  7720. "limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, respectively. A hard limit "
  7721. "cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be "
  7722. "increased up to the value of the hard limit. Otherwise, the current value "
  7723. "of the soft limit for the specified resource is printed, unless the "
  7724. "@option{-H} option is supplied. When more than one resource is specified, "
  7725. "the limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. When "
  7726. "setting new limits, if neither @option{-H} nor @option{-S} is supplied, both "
  7727. "the hard and soft limits are set. If no option is given, then @option{-f} "
  7728. "is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for @option{-t}, "
  7729. "which is in seconds; @option{-R}, which is in microseconds; @option{-p}, "
  7730. "which is in units of 512-byte blocks; @option{-P}, @option{-T}, @option{-b}, "
  7731. "@option{-k}, @option{-n} and @option{-u}, which are unscaled values; and, "
  7732. "when in @sc{posix} Mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), @option{-c} and "
  7733. "@option{-f}, which are in 512-byte increments."
  7734. msgstr ""
  7735. #. type: table
  7736. #: ./bashref.texi:4859
  7737. msgid ""
  7738. "The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, "
  7739. "or an error occurs while setting a new limit."
  7740. msgstr ""
  7741. #. type: btindex
  7742. #: ./bashref.texi:4860 ./bashref.texi:4861
  7743. #, no-wrap
  7744. msgid "unalias"
  7745. msgstr ""
  7746. #. type: example
  7747. #: ./bashref.texi:4864
  7748. #, no-wrap
  7749. msgid "unalias [-a] [@var{name} @dots{} ]\n"
  7750. msgstr ""
  7751. #. type: table
  7752. #: ./bashref.texi:4869
  7753. msgid ""
  7754. "Remove each @var{name} from the list of aliases. If @option{-a} is "
  7755. "supplied, all aliases are removed. Aliases are described in @ref{Aliases}."
  7756. msgstr ""
  7757. #. type: subsection
  7758. #: ./bashref.texi:4878 ./bashref.texi:4880 ./bashref.texi:4881
  7759. #, no-wrap
  7760. msgid "The Set Builtin"
  7761. msgstr ""
  7762. #. type: menuentry
  7763. #: ./bashref.texi:4878
  7764. msgid "Change the values of shell attributes and positional parameters."
  7765. msgstr ""
  7766. #. type: subsection
  7767. #: ./bashref.texi:4878 ./bashref.texi:5171 ./bashref.texi:5172
  7768. #, no-wrap
  7769. msgid "The Shopt Builtin"
  7770. msgstr ""
  7771. #. type: menuentry
  7772. #: ./bashref.texi:4878
  7773. msgid "Modify shell optional behavior."
  7774. msgstr ""
  7775. #. type: Plain text
  7776. #: ./bashref.texi:4886
  7777. msgid ""
  7778. "This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. @code{set} "
  7779. "allows you to change the values of shell options and set the positional "
  7780. "parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables."
  7781. msgstr ""
  7782. #. type: btindex
  7783. #: ./bashref.texi:4888 ./bashref.texi:4889
  7784. #, no-wrap
  7785. msgid "set"
  7786. msgstr ""
  7787. #. type: example
  7788. #: ./bashref.texi:4893
  7789. #, no-wrap
  7790. msgid ""
  7791. "set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o @var{option-name}] [@var{argument} "
  7792. "@dots{}]\n"
  7793. "set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o @var{option-name}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]\n"
  7794. msgstr ""
  7795. #. type: table
  7796. #: ./bashref.texi:4901
  7797. msgid ""
  7798. "If no options or arguments are supplied, @code{set} displays the names and "
  7799. "values of all shell variables and functions, sorted according to the current "
  7800. "locale, in a format that may be reused as input for setting or resetting the "
  7801. "currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot be reset. In "
  7802. "@sc{posix} mode, only shell variables are listed."
  7803. msgstr ""
  7804. #. type: table
  7805. #: ./bashref.texi:4904
  7806. msgid ""
  7807. "When options are supplied, they set or unset shell attributes. Options, if "
  7808. "specified, have the following meanings:"
  7809. msgstr ""
  7810. #. type: table
  7811. #: ./bashref.texi:4910
  7812. msgid ""
  7813. "Each variable or function that is created or modified is given the export "
  7814. "attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands."
  7815. msgstr ""
  7816. #. type: table
  7817. #: ./bashref.texi:4914
  7818. msgid ""
  7819. "Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately, "
  7820. "rather than before printing the next primary prompt."
  7821. msgstr ""
  7822. #. type: table
  7823. #: ./bashref.texi:4933
  7824. msgid ""
  7825. "Exit immediately if a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}), which may consist of a "
  7826. "single simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}), a list (@pxref{Lists}), or "
  7827. "a compound command (@pxref{Compound Commands}) returns a non-zero status. "
  7828. "The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the command "
  7829. "list immediately following a @code{while} or @code{until} keyword, part of "
  7830. "the test in an @code{if} statement, part of any command executed in a "
  7831. "@code{&&} or @code{||} list except the command following the final @code{&&} "
  7832. "or @code{||}, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's "
  7833. "return status is being inverted with @code{!}. If a compound command other "
  7834. "than a subshell returns a non-zero status because a command failed while "
  7835. "@option{-e} was being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on "
  7836. "@code{ERR}, if set, is executed before the shell exits."
  7837. msgstr ""
  7838. #. type: table
  7839. #: ./bashref.texi:4937
  7840. msgid ""
  7841. "This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment "
  7842. "separately (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and may cause subshells "
  7843. "to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell."
  7844. msgstr ""
  7845. #. type: table
  7846. #: ./bashref.texi:4947
  7847. msgid ""
  7848. "If a compound command or shell function executes in a context where "
  7849. "@option{-e} is being ignored, none of the commands executed within the "
  7850. "compound command or function body will be affected by the @option{-e} "
  7851. "setting, even if @option{-e} is set and a command returns a failure status. "
  7852. "If a compound command or shell function sets @option{-e} while executing in "
  7853. "a context where @option{-e} is ignored, that setting will not have any "
  7854. "effect until the compound command or the command containing the function "
  7855. "call completes."
  7856. msgstr ""
  7857. #. type: table
  7858. #: ./bashref.texi:4950
  7859. msgid "Disable filename expansion (globbing)."
  7860. msgstr ""
  7861. #. type: item
  7862. #: ./bashref.texi:4951
  7863. #, no-wrap
  7864. msgid "-h"
  7865. msgstr ""
  7866. #. type: table
  7867. #: ./bashref.texi:4954
  7868. msgid ""
  7869. "Locate and remember (hash) commands as they are looked up for execution. "
  7870. "This option is enabled by default."
  7871. msgstr ""
  7872. #. type: table
  7873. #: ./bashref.texi:4959
  7874. msgid ""
  7875. "All arguments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the "
  7876. "environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name."
  7877. msgstr ""
  7878. #. type: table
  7879. #: ./bashref.texi:4965
  7880. msgid ""
  7881. "Job control is enabled (@pxref{Job Control}). All processes run in a "
  7882. "separate process group. When a background job completes, the shell prints a "
  7883. "line containing its exit status."
  7884. msgstr ""
  7885. #. type: table
  7886. #: ./bashref.texi:4970
  7887. msgid ""
  7888. "Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to check a script "
  7889. "for syntax errors. This option is ignored by interactive shells."
  7890. msgstr ""
  7891. #. type: item
  7892. #: ./bashref.texi:4971
  7893. #, no-wrap
  7894. msgid "-o @var{option-name}"
  7895. msgstr ""
  7896. #. type: table
  7897. #: ./bashref.texi:4974
  7898. msgid "Set the option corresponding to @var{option-name}:"
  7899. msgstr ""
  7900. #. type: item
  7901. #: ./bashref.texi:4976
  7902. #, no-wrap
  7903. msgid "allexport"
  7904. msgstr ""
  7905. #. type: table
  7906. #: ./bashref.texi:4978
  7907. msgid "Same as @code{-a}."
  7908. msgstr ""
  7909. #. type: item
  7910. #: ./bashref.texi:4979
  7911. #, no-wrap
  7912. msgid "braceexpand"
  7913. msgstr ""
  7914. #. type: table
  7915. #: ./bashref.texi:4981
  7916. msgid "Same as @code{-B}."
  7917. msgstr ""
  7918. #. type: item
  7919. #: ./bashref.texi:4982
  7920. #, no-wrap
  7921. msgid "emacs"
  7922. msgstr ""
  7923. #. type: table
  7924. #: ./bashref.texi:4985
  7925. msgid ""
  7926. "Use an @code{emacs}-style line editing interface (@pxref{Command Line "
  7927. "Editing}). This also affects the editing interface used for @code{read -e}."
  7928. msgstr ""
  7929. #. type: item
  7930. #: ./bashref.texi:4986
  7931. #, no-wrap
  7932. msgid "errexit"
  7933. msgstr ""
  7934. #. type: table
  7935. #: ./bashref.texi:4988
  7936. msgid "Same as @code{-e}."
  7937. msgstr ""
  7938. #. type: item
  7939. #: ./bashref.texi:4989
  7940. #, no-wrap
  7941. msgid "errtrace"
  7942. msgstr ""
  7943. #. type: table
  7944. #: ./bashref.texi:4991
  7945. msgid "Same as @code{-E}."
  7946. msgstr ""
  7947. #. type: item
  7948. #: ./bashref.texi:4992
  7949. #, no-wrap
  7950. msgid "functrace"
  7951. msgstr ""
  7952. #. type: table
  7953. #: ./bashref.texi:4994
  7954. msgid "Same as @code{-T}."
  7955. msgstr ""
  7956. #. type: item
  7957. #: ./bashref.texi:4995
  7958. #, no-wrap
  7959. msgid "hashall"
  7960. msgstr ""
  7961. #. type: table
  7962. #: ./bashref.texi:4997
  7963. msgid "Same as @code{-h}."
  7964. msgstr ""
  7965. #. type: item
  7966. #: ./bashref.texi:4998
  7967. #, no-wrap
  7968. msgid "histexpand"
  7969. msgstr ""
  7970. #. type: table
  7971. #: ./bashref.texi:5000
  7972. msgid "Same as @code{-H}."
  7973. msgstr ""
  7974. #. type: item
  7975. #: ./bashref.texi:5001
  7976. #, no-wrap
  7977. msgid "history"
  7978. msgstr ""
  7979. #. type: table
  7980. #: ./bashref.texi:5004
  7981. msgid ""
  7982. "Enable command history, as described in @ref{Bash History Facilities}. This "
  7983. "option is on by default in interactive shells."
  7984. msgstr ""
  7985. #. type: item
  7986. #: ./bashref.texi:5005
  7987. #, no-wrap
  7988. msgid "ignoreeof"
  7989. msgstr ""
  7990. #. type: table
  7991. #: ./bashref.texi:5007
  7992. msgid "An interactive shell will not exit upon reading EOF."
  7993. msgstr ""
  7994. #. type: item
  7995. #: ./bashref.texi:5008
  7996. #, no-wrap
  7997. msgid "keyword"
  7998. msgstr ""
  7999. #. type: table
  8000. #: ./bashref.texi:5010
  8001. msgid "Same as @code{-k}."
  8002. msgstr ""
  8003. #. type: item
  8004. #: ./bashref.texi:5011
  8005. #, no-wrap
  8006. msgid "monitor"
  8007. msgstr ""
  8008. #. type: table
  8009. #: ./bashref.texi:5013
  8010. msgid "Same as @code{-m}."
  8011. msgstr ""
  8012. #. type: item
  8013. #: ./bashref.texi:5014
  8014. #, no-wrap
  8015. msgid "noclobber"
  8016. msgstr ""
  8017. #. type: table
  8018. #: ./bashref.texi:5016
  8019. msgid "Same as @code{-C}."
  8020. msgstr ""
  8021. #. type: item
  8022. #: ./bashref.texi:5017
  8023. #, no-wrap
  8024. msgid "noexec"
  8025. msgstr ""
  8026. #. type: table
  8027. #: ./bashref.texi:5019
  8028. msgid "Same as @code{-n}."
  8029. msgstr ""
  8030. #. type: item
  8031. #: ./bashref.texi:5020
  8032. #, no-wrap
  8033. msgid "noglob"
  8034. msgstr ""
  8035. #. type: table
  8036. #: ./bashref.texi:5022
  8037. msgid "Same as @code{-f}."
  8038. msgstr ""
  8039. #. type: item
  8040. #: ./bashref.texi:5023
  8041. #, no-wrap
  8042. msgid "nolog"
  8043. msgstr ""
  8044. #. type: table
  8045. #: ./bashref.texi:5025
  8046. msgid "Currently ignored."
  8047. msgstr ""
  8048. #. type: item
  8049. #: ./bashref.texi:5026
  8050. #, no-wrap
  8051. msgid "notify"
  8052. msgstr ""
  8053. #. type: table
  8054. #: ./bashref.texi:5028
  8055. msgid "Same as @code{-b}."
  8056. msgstr ""
  8057. #. type: item
  8058. #: ./bashref.texi:5029
  8059. #, no-wrap
  8060. msgid "nounset"
  8061. msgstr ""
  8062. #. type: table
  8063. #: ./bashref.texi:5031
  8064. msgid "Same as @code{-u}."
  8065. msgstr ""
  8066. #. type: item
  8067. #: ./bashref.texi:5032
  8068. #, no-wrap
  8069. msgid "onecmd"
  8070. msgstr ""
  8071. #. type: table
  8072. #: ./bashref.texi:5034
  8073. msgid "Same as @code{-t}."
  8074. msgstr ""
  8075. #. type: item
  8076. #: ./bashref.texi:5035
  8077. #, no-wrap
  8078. msgid "physical"
  8079. msgstr ""
  8080. #. type: table
  8081. #: ./bashref.texi:5037
  8082. msgid "Same as @code{-P}."
  8083. msgstr ""
  8084. #. type: item
  8085. #: ./bashref.texi:5038
  8086. #, no-wrap
  8087. msgid "pipefail"
  8088. msgstr ""
  8089. #. type: table
  8090. #: ./bashref.texi:5043
  8091. msgid ""
  8092. "If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last (rightmost) "
  8093. "command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the "
  8094. "pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default."
  8095. msgstr ""
  8096. #. type: item
  8097. #: ./bashref.texi:5044
  8098. #, no-wrap
  8099. msgid "posix"
  8100. msgstr ""
  8101. #. type: table
  8102. #: ./bashref.texi:5050
  8103. msgid ""
  8104. "Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the "
  8105. "@sc{posix} standard to match the standard (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}). This "
  8106. "is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard."
  8107. msgstr ""
  8108. #. type: item
  8109. #: ./bashref.texi:5051
  8110. #, no-wrap
  8111. msgid "privileged"
  8112. msgstr ""
  8113. #. type: table
  8114. #: ./bashref.texi:5053
  8115. msgid "Same as @code{-p}."
  8116. msgstr ""
  8117. #. type: item
  8118. #: ./bashref.texi:5054
  8119. #, no-wrap
  8120. msgid "verbose"
  8121. msgstr ""
  8122. #. type: table
  8123. #: ./bashref.texi:5056
  8124. msgid "Same as @code{-v}."
  8125. msgstr ""
  8126. #. type: item
  8127. #: ./bashref.texi:5057
  8128. #, no-wrap
  8129. msgid "vi"
  8130. msgstr ""
  8131. #. type: table
  8132. #: ./bashref.texi:5060
  8133. msgid ""
  8134. "Use a @code{vi}-style line editing interface. This also affects the editing "
  8135. "interface used for @code{read -e}."
  8136. msgstr ""
  8137. #. type: item
  8138. #: ./bashref.texi:5061
  8139. #, no-wrap
  8140. msgid "xtrace"
  8141. msgstr ""
  8142. #. type: table
  8143. #: ./bashref.texi:5063
  8144. msgid "Same as @code{-x}."
  8145. msgstr ""
  8146. #. type: table
  8147. #: ./bashref.texi:5078
  8148. msgid ""
  8149. "Turn on privileged mode. In this mode, the @env{$BASH_ENV} and @env{$ENV} "
  8150. "files are not processed, shell functions are not inherited from the "
  8151. "environment, and the @env{SHELLOPTS}, @env{BASHOPTS}, @env{CDPATH} and "
  8152. "@env{GLOBIGNORE} variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. "
  8153. "If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the "
  8154. "real user (group) id, and the @option{-p} option is not supplied, these "
  8155. "actions are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id. If "
  8156. "the @option{-p} option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is not "
  8157. "reset. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to "
  8158. "be set to the real user and group ids."
  8159. msgstr ""
  8160. #. type: table
  8161. #: ./bashref.texi:5081
  8162. msgid "Exit after reading and executing one command."
  8163. msgstr ""
  8164. #. type: table
  8165. #: ./bashref.texi:5087
  8166. msgid ""
  8167. "Treat unset variables and parameters other than the special parameters "
  8168. "@samp{@@} or @samp{*} as an error when performing parameter expansion. An "
  8169. "error message will be written to the standard error, and a non-interactive "
  8170. "shell will exit."
  8171. msgstr ""
  8172. #. type: table
  8173. #: ./bashref.texi:5090
  8174. msgid "Print shell input lines as they are read."
  8175. msgstr ""
  8176. #. type: table
  8177. #: ./bashref.texi:5098
  8178. msgid ""
  8179. "Print a trace of simple commands, @code{for} commands, @code{case} commands, "
  8180. "@code{select} commands, and arithmetic @code{for} commands and their "
  8181. "arguments or associated word lists after they are expanded and before they "
  8182. "are executed. The value of the @env{PS4} variable is expanded and the "
  8183. "resultant value is printed before the command and its expanded arguments."
  8184. msgstr ""
  8185. #. type: item
  8186. #: ./bashref.texi:5099
  8187. #, no-wrap
  8188. msgid "-B"
  8189. msgstr ""
  8190. #. type: table
  8191. #: ./bashref.texi:5102
  8192. msgid ""
  8193. "The shell will perform brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}). This "
  8194. "option is on by default."
  8195. msgstr ""
  8196. #. type: table
  8197. #: ./bashref.texi:5106
  8198. msgid ""
  8199. "Prevent output redirection using @samp{>}, @samp{>&}, and @samp{<>} from "
  8200. "overwriting existing files."
  8201. msgstr ""
  8202. #. type: item
  8203. #: ./bashref.texi:5107
  8204. #, no-wrap
  8205. msgid "-E"
  8206. msgstr ""
  8207. #. type: table
  8208. #: ./bashref.texi:5111
  8209. msgid ""
  8210. "If set, any trap on @code{ERR} is inherited by shell functions, command "
  8211. "substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment. The "
  8212. "@code{ERR} trap is normally not inherited in such cases."
  8213. msgstr ""
  8214. #. type: table
  8215. #: ./bashref.texi:5115
  8216. msgid ""
  8217. "Enable @samp{!} style history substitution (@pxref{History Interaction}). "
  8218. "This option is on by default for interactive shells."
  8219. msgstr ""
  8220. #. type: table
  8221. #: ./bashref.texi:5122
  8222. msgid ""
  8223. "If set, do not resolve symbolic links when performing commands such as "
  8224. "@code{cd} which change the current directory. The physical directory is "
  8225. "used instead. By default, Bash follows the logical chain of directories "
  8226. "when performing commands which change the current directory."
  8227. msgstr ""
  8228. #. type: table
  8229. #: ./bashref.texi:5125
  8230. msgid ""
  8231. "For example, if @file{/usr/sys} is a symbolic link to @file{/usr/local/sys} "
  8232. "then:"
  8233. msgstr ""
  8234. #. type: example
  8235. #: ./bashref.texi:5130
  8236. #, no-wrap
  8237. msgid ""
  8238. "$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD\n"
  8239. "/usr/sys\n"
  8240. "$ cd ..; pwd\n"
  8241. "/usr\n"
  8242. msgstr ""
  8243. #. type: table
  8244. #: ./bashref.texi:5134
  8245. msgid "If @code{set -P} is on, then:"
  8246. msgstr ""
  8247. #. type: example
  8248. #: ./bashref.texi:5139
  8249. #, no-wrap
  8250. msgid ""
  8251. "$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD\n"
  8252. "/usr/local/sys\n"
  8253. "$ cd ..; pwd\n"
  8254. "/usr/local\n"
  8255. msgstr ""
  8256. #. type: table
  8257. #: ./bashref.texi:5147
  8258. msgid ""
  8259. "If set, any trap on @code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} are inherited by shell "
  8260. "functions, command substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell "
  8261. "environment. The @code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} traps are normally not "
  8262. "inherited in such cases."
  8263. msgstr ""
  8264. #. type: item
  8265. #: ./bashref.texi:5148 ./bashref.texi:6621
  8266. #, no-wrap
  8267. msgid "--"
  8268. msgstr ""
  8269. #. type: table
  8270. #: ./bashref.texi:5152
  8271. msgid ""
  8272. "If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are "
  8273. "unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the @var{arguments}, "
  8274. "even if some of them begin with a @samp{-}."
  8275. msgstr ""
  8276. #. type: table
  8277. #: ./bashref.texi:5158
  8278. msgid ""
  8279. "Signal the end of options, cause all remaining @var{arguments} to be "
  8280. "assigned to the positional parameters. The @option{-x} and @option{-v} "
  8281. "options are turned off. If there are no arguments, the positional "
  8282. "parameters remain unchanged."
  8283. msgstr ""
  8284. #. type: table
  8285. #: ./bashref.texi:5163
  8286. msgid ""
  8287. "Using @samp{+} rather than @samp{-} causes these options to be turned off. "
  8288. "The options can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current set "
  8289. "of options may be found in @code{$-}."
  8290. msgstr ""
  8291. #. type: table
  8292. #: ./bashref.texi:5167
  8293. msgid ""
  8294. "The remaining N @var{arguments} are positional parameters and are assigned, "
  8295. "in order, to @code{$1}, @code{$2}, @dots{} @code{$N}. The special parameter "
  8296. "@code{#} is set to N."
  8297. msgstr ""
  8298. #. type: table
  8299. #: ./bashref.texi:5169
  8300. msgid "The return status is always zero unless an invalid option is supplied."
  8301. msgstr ""
  8302. #. type: Plain text
  8303. #: ./bashref.texi:5175
  8304. msgid "This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior."
  8305. msgstr ""
  8306. #. type: btindex
  8307. #: ./bashref.texi:5178 ./bashref.texi:5179
  8308. #, no-wrap
  8309. msgid "shopt"
  8310. msgstr ""
  8311. #. type: example
  8312. #: ./bashref.texi:5182
  8313. #, no-wrap
  8314. msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [@var{optname} @dots{}]\n"
  8315. msgstr ""
  8316. #. type: table
  8317. #: ./bashref.texi:5194
  8318. msgid ""
  8319. "Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behavior. The "
  8320. "settings can be either those listed below, or, if the @option{-o} option is "
  8321. "used, those available with the @option{-o} option to the @code{set} builtin "
  8322. "command (@pxref{The Set Builtin}). With no options, or with the @option{-p} "
  8323. "option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of "
  8324. "whether or not each is set; if @var{optnames} are supplied, the output is "
  8325. "restricted to those options. The @option{-p} option causes output to be "
  8326. "displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options have the "
  8327. "following meanings:"
  8328. msgstr ""
  8329. #. type: table
  8330. #: ./bashref.texi:5198
  8331. msgid "Enable (set) each @var{optname}."
  8332. msgstr ""
  8333. #. type: table
  8334. #: ./bashref.texi:5201
  8335. msgid "Disable (unset) each @var{optname}."
  8336. msgstr ""
  8337. #. type: table
  8338. #: ./bashref.texi:5208
  8339. msgid ""
  8340. "Suppresses normal output; the return status indicates whether the "
  8341. "@var{optname} is set or unset. If multiple @var{optname} arguments are "
  8342. "given with @option{-q}, the return status is zero if all @var{optnames} are "
  8343. "enabled; non-zero otherwise."
  8344. msgstr ""
  8345. #. type: item
  8346. #: ./bashref.texi:5209
  8347. #, no-wrap
  8348. msgid "-o"
  8349. msgstr ""
  8350. #. type: table
  8351. #: ./bashref.texi:5213
  8352. msgid ""
  8353. "Restricts the values of @var{optname} to be those defined for the "
  8354. "@option{-o} option to the @code{set} builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin})."
  8355. msgstr ""
  8356. #. type: table
  8357. #: ./bashref.texi:5218
  8358. msgid ""
  8359. "If either @option{-s} or @option{-u} is used with no @var{optname} "
  8360. "arguments, @code{shopt} shows only those options which are set or unset, "
  8361. "respectively."
  8362. msgstr ""
  8363. #. type: table
  8364. #: ./bashref.texi:5221
  8365. msgid ""
  8366. "Unless otherwise noted, the @code{shopt} options are disabled (off) by "
  8367. "default."
  8368. msgstr ""
  8369. #. type: table
  8370. #: ./bashref.texi:5226
  8371. msgid ""
  8372. "The return status when listing options is zero if all @var{optnames} are "
  8373. "enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options, the return "
  8374. "status is zero unless an @var{optname} is not a valid shell option."
  8375. msgstr ""
  8376. #. type: table
  8377. #: ./bashref.texi:5228
  8378. msgid "The list of @code{shopt} options is:"
  8379. msgstr ""
  8380. #. type: item
  8381. #: ./bashref.texi:5230
  8382. #, no-wrap
  8383. msgid "assoc_expand_once"
  8384. msgstr ""
  8385. #. type: table
  8386. #: ./bashref.texi:5235
  8387. msgid ""
  8388. "If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of associative array "
  8389. "subscripts during arithmetic expression evaluation, while executing builtins "
  8390. "that can perform variable assignments, and while executing builtins that "
  8391. "perform array dereferencing."
  8392. msgstr ""
  8393. #. type: item
  8394. #: ./bashref.texi:5236
  8395. #, no-wrap
  8396. msgid "autocd"
  8397. msgstr ""
  8398. #. type: table
  8399. #: ./bashref.texi:5240
  8400. msgid ""
  8401. "If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if it "
  8402. "were the argument to the @code{cd} command. This option is only used by "
  8403. "interactive shells."
  8404. msgstr ""
  8405. #. type: item
  8406. #: ./bashref.texi:5241
  8407. #, no-wrap
  8408. msgid "cdable_vars"
  8409. msgstr ""
  8410. #. type: table
  8411. #: ./bashref.texi:5245
  8412. msgid ""
  8413. "If this is set, an argument to the @code{cd} builtin command that is not a "
  8414. "directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the "
  8415. "directory to change to."
  8416. msgstr ""
  8417. #. type: item
  8418. #: ./bashref.texi:5246
  8419. #, no-wrap
  8420. msgid "cdspell"
  8421. msgstr ""
  8422. #. type: table
  8423. #: ./bashref.texi:5254
  8424. msgid ""
  8425. "If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a @code{cd} "
  8426. "command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed "
  8427. "characters, a missing character, and a character too many. If a correction "
  8428. "is found, the corrected path is printed, and the command proceeds. This "
  8429. "option is only used by interactive shells."
  8430. msgstr ""
  8431. #. type: item
  8432. #: ./bashref.texi:5255
  8433. #, no-wrap
  8434. msgid "checkhash"
  8435. msgstr ""
  8436. #. type: table
  8437. #: ./bashref.texi:5259
  8438. msgid ""
  8439. "If this is set, Bash checks that a command found in the hash table exists "
  8440. "before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no longer exists, a normal "
  8441. "path search is performed."
  8442. msgstr ""
  8443. #. type: item
  8444. #: ./bashref.texi:5260
  8445. #, no-wrap
  8446. msgid "checkjobs"
  8447. msgstr ""
  8448. #. type: table
  8449. #: ./bashref.texi:5266
  8450. msgid ""
  8451. "If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before exiting "
  8452. "an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be "
  8453. "deferred until a second exit is attempted without an intervening command "
  8454. "(@pxref{Job Control}). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are "
  8455. "stopped."
  8456. msgstr ""
  8457. #. type: item
  8458. #: ./bashref.texi:5267
  8459. #, no-wrap
  8460. msgid "checkwinsize"
  8461. msgstr ""
  8462. #. type: table
  8463. #: ./bashref.texi:5272
  8464. msgid ""
  8465. "If set, Bash checks the window size after each external (non-builtin) "
  8466. "command and, if necessary, updates the values of @env{LINES} and "
  8467. "@env{COLUMNS}. This option is enabled by default."
  8468. msgstr ""
  8469. #. type: item
  8470. #: ./bashref.texi:5273
  8471. #, no-wrap
  8472. msgid "cmdhist"
  8473. msgstr ""
  8474. #. type: table
  8475. #: ./bashref.texi:5280
  8476. msgid ""
  8477. "If set, Bash attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line command in the "
  8478. "same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. "
  8479. "This option is enabled by default, but only has an effect if command history "
  8480. "is enabled (@pxref{Bash History Facilities})."
  8481. msgstr ""
  8482. #. type: item
  8483. #: ./bashref.texi:5281 ./bashref.texi:8072
  8484. #, no-wrap
  8485. msgid "compat31"
  8486. msgstr ""
  8487. #. type: item
  8488. #: ./bashref.texi:5282 ./bashref.texi:8079
  8489. #, no-wrap
  8490. msgid "compat32"
  8491. msgstr ""
  8492. #. type: item
  8493. #: ./bashref.texi:5283 ./bashref.texi:8089
  8494. #, no-wrap
  8495. msgid "compat40"
  8496. msgstr ""
  8497. #. type: item
  8498. #: ./bashref.texi:5284 ./bashref.texi:8100
  8499. #, no-wrap
  8500. msgid "compat41"
  8501. msgstr ""
  8502. #. type: item
  8503. #: ./bashref.texi:5285 ./bashref.texi:8113
  8504. #, no-wrap
  8505. msgid "compat42"
  8506. msgstr ""
  8507. #. type: item
  8508. #: ./bashref.texi:5286 ./bashref.texi:8127
  8509. #, no-wrap
  8510. msgid "compat43"
  8511. msgstr ""
  8512. #. type: item
  8513. #: ./bashref.texi:5287 ./bashref.texi:8146
  8514. #, no-wrap
  8515. msgid "compat44"
  8516. msgstr ""
  8517. #. type: table
  8518. #: ./bashref.texi:5290
  8519. msgid ""
  8520. "These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode (@pxref{Shell "
  8521. "Compatibility Mode})."
  8522. msgstr ""
  8523. #. type: item
  8524. #: ./bashref.texi:5291
  8525. #, no-wrap
  8526. msgid "complete_fullquote"
  8527. msgstr ""
  8528. #. type: table
  8529. #: ./bashref.texi:5307
  8530. msgid ""
  8531. "If set, Bash quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory "
  8532. "names when performing completion. If not set, Bash removes metacharacters "
  8533. "such as the dollar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted in "
  8534. "completed filenames when these metacharacters appear in shell variable "
  8535. "references in words to be completed. This means that dollar signs in "
  8536. "variable names that expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any "
  8537. "dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, either. This is "
  8538. "active only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed filenames. "
  8539. "This variable is set by default, which is the default Bash behavior in "
  8540. "versions through 4.2."
  8541. msgstr ""
  8542. #. type: item
  8543. #: ./bashref.texi:5308
  8544. #, no-wrap
  8545. msgid "direxpand"
  8546. msgstr ""
  8547. #. type: table
  8548. #: ./bashref.texi:5314
  8549. msgid ""
  8550. "If set, Bash replaces directory names with the results of word expansion "
  8551. "when performing filename completion. This changes the contents of the "
  8552. "readline editing buffer. If not set, Bash attempts to preserve what the "
  8553. "user typed."
  8554. msgstr ""
  8555. #. type: item
  8556. #: ./bashref.texi:5315
  8557. #, no-wrap
  8558. msgid "dirspell"
  8559. msgstr ""
  8560. #. type: table
  8561. #: ./bashref.texi:5319
  8562. msgid ""
  8563. "If set, Bash attempts spelling correction on directory names during word "
  8564. "completion if the directory name initially supplied does not exist."
  8565. msgstr ""
  8566. #. type: item
  8567. #: ./bashref.texi:5320
  8568. #, no-wrap
  8569. msgid "dotglob"
  8570. msgstr ""
  8571. #. type: table
  8572. #: ./bashref.texi:5325
  8573. msgid ""
  8574. "If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of "
  8575. "filename expansion. The filenames @samp{.} and @samp{..} must always be "
  8576. "matched explicitly, even if @code{dotglob} is set."
  8577. msgstr ""
  8578. #. type: item
  8579. #: ./bashref.texi:5326
  8580. #, no-wrap
  8581. msgid "execfail"
  8582. msgstr ""
  8583. #. type: table
  8584. #: ./bashref.texi:5331
  8585. msgid ""
  8586. "If this is set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it cannot execute "
  8587. "the file specified as an argument to the @code{exec} builtin command. An "
  8588. "interactive shell does not exit if @code{exec} fails."
  8589. msgstr ""
  8590. #. type: item
  8591. #: ./bashref.texi:5332
  8592. #, no-wrap
  8593. msgid "expand_aliases"
  8594. msgstr ""
  8595. #. type: table
  8596. #: ./bashref.texi:5336
  8597. msgid ""
  8598. "If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases, "
  8599. "@ref{Aliases}. This option is enabled by default for interactive shells."
  8600. msgstr ""
  8601. #. type: item
  8602. #: ./bashref.texi:5337
  8603. #, no-wrap
  8604. msgid "extdebug"
  8605. msgstr ""
  8606. #. type: table
  8607. #: ./bashref.texi:5343
  8608. msgid ""
  8609. "If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, arrange to execute "
  8610. "the debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to the "
  8611. "@option{--debugger} option. If set after invocation, behavior intended for "
  8612. "use by debuggers is enabled:"
  8613. msgstr ""
  8614. #. type: enumerate
  8615. #: ./bashref.texi:5349
  8616. msgid ""
  8617. "The @option{-F} option to the @code{declare} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}) "
  8618. "displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function "
  8619. "name supplied as an argument."
  8620. msgstr ""
  8621. #. type: enumerate
  8622. #: ./bashref.texi:5353
  8623. msgid ""
  8624. "If the command run by the @code{DEBUG} trap returns a non-zero value, the "
  8625. "next command is skipped and not executed."
  8626. msgstr ""
  8627. #. type: enumerate
  8628. #: ./bashref.texi:5359
  8629. msgid ""
  8630. "If the command run by the @code{DEBUG} trap returns a value of 2, and the "
  8631. "shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script "
  8632. "executed by the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins), the shell simulates a "
  8633. "call to @code{return}."
  8634. msgstr ""
  8635. #. type: enumerate
  8636. #: ./bashref.texi:5363
  8637. msgid ""
  8638. "@code{BASH_ARGC} and @code{BASH_ARGV} are updated as described in their "
  8639. "descriptions (@pxref{Bash Variables})."
  8640. msgstr ""
  8641. #. type: enumerate
  8642. #: ./bashref.texi:5368
  8643. msgid ""
  8644. "Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and "
  8645. "subshells invoked with @code{( @var{command} )} inherit the @code{DEBUG} and "
  8646. "@code{RETURN} traps."
  8647. msgstr ""
  8648. #. type: enumerate
  8649. #: ./bashref.texi:5373
  8650. msgid ""
  8651. "Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and "
  8652. "subshells invoked with @code{( @var{command} )} inherit the @code{ERR} trap."
  8653. msgstr ""
  8654. #. type: item
  8655. #: ./bashref.texi:5375
  8656. #, no-wrap
  8657. msgid "extglob"
  8658. msgstr ""
  8659. #. type: table
  8660. #: ./bashref.texi:5378
  8661. msgid ""
  8662. "If set, the extended pattern matching features described above "
  8663. "(@pxref{Pattern Matching}) are enabled."
  8664. msgstr ""
  8665. #. type: item
  8666. #: ./bashref.texi:5379
  8667. #, no-wrap
  8668. msgid "extquote"
  8669. msgstr ""
  8670. #. type: table
  8671. #: ./bashref.texi:5383
  8672. msgid ""
  8673. "If set, @code{$'@var{string}'} and @code{$\"@var{string}\"} quoting is "
  8674. "performed within @code{$@{@var{parameter}@}} expansions enclosed in double "
  8675. "quotes. This option is enabled by default."
  8676. msgstr ""
  8677. #. type: item
  8678. #: ./bashref.texi:5384
  8679. #, no-wrap
  8680. msgid "failglob"
  8681. msgstr ""
  8682. #. type: table
  8683. #: ./bashref.texi:5387
  8684. msgid ""
  8685. "If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during filename expansion "
  8686. "result in an expansion error."
  8687. msgstr ""
  8688. #. type: item
  8689. #: ./bashref.texi:5388
  8690. #, no-wrap
  8691. msgid "force_fignore"
  8692. msgstr ""
  8693. #. type: table
  8694. #: ./bashref.texi:5394
  8695. msgid ""
  8696. "If set, the suffixes specified by the @env{FIGNORE} shell variable cause "
  8697. "words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored "
  8698. "words are the only possible completions. @xref{Bash Variables}, for a "
  8699. "description of @env{FIGNORE}. This option is enabled by default."
  8700. msgstr ""
  8701. #. type: item
  8702. #: ./bashref.texi:5395
  8703. #, no-wrap
  8704. msgid "globasciiranges"
  8705. msgstr ""
  8706. #. type: table
  8707. #: ./bashref.texi:5403
  8708. msgid ""
  8709. "If set, range expressions used in pattern matching bracket expressions "
  8710. "(@pxref{Pattern Matching}) behave as if in the traditional C locale when "
  8711. "performing comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating sequence is "
  8712. "not taken into account, so @samp{b} will not collate between @samp{A} and "
  8713. "@samp{B}, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate "
  8714. "together."
  8715. msgstr ""
  8716. #. type: item
  8717. #: ./bashref.texi:5404
  8718. #, no-wrap
  8719. msgid "globstar"
  8720. msgstr ""
  8721. #. type: table
  8722. #: ./bashref.texi:5409
  8723. msgid ""
  8724. "If set, the pattern @samp{**} used in a filename expansion context will "
  8725. "match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If the "
  8726. "pattern is followed by a @samp{/}, only directories and subdirectories "
  8727. "match."
  8728. msgstr ""
  8729. #. type: item
  8730. #: ./bashref.texi:5410
  8731. #, no-wrap
  8732. msgid "gnu_errfmt"
  8733. msgstr ""
  8734. #. type: table
  8735. #: ./bashref.texi:5413
  8736. msgid ""
  8737. "If set, shell error messages are written in the standard @sc{gnu} error "
  8738. "message format."
  8739. msgstr ""
  8740. #. type: item
  8741. #: ./bashref.texi:5414
  8742. #, no-wrap
  8743. msgid "histappend"
  8744. msgstr ""
  8745. #. type: table
  8746. #: ./bashref.texi:5418
  8747. msgid ""
  8748. "If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value of the "
  8749. "@env{HISTFILE} variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the "
  8750. "file."
  8751. msgstr ""
  8752. #. type: item
  8753. #: ./bashref.texi:5419
  8754. #, no-wrap
  8755. msgid "histreedit"
  8756. msgstr ""
  8757. #. type: table
  8758. #: ./bashref.texi:5423
  8759. msgid ""
  8760. "If set, and Readline is being used, a user is given the opportunity to "
  8761. "re-edit a failed history substitution."
  8762. msgstr ""
  8763. #. type: item
  8764. #: ./bashref.texi:5424
  8765. #, no-wrap
  8766. msgid "histverify"
  8767. msgstr ""
  8768. #. type: table
  8769. #: ./bashref.texi:5429
  8770. msgid ""
  8771. "If set, and Readline is being used, the results of history substitution are "
  8772. "not immediately passed to the shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is "
  8773. "loaded into the Readline editing buffer, allowing further modification."
  8774. msgstr ""
  8775. #. type: item
  8776. #: ./bashref.texi:5430
  8777. #, no-wrap
  8778. msgid "hostcomplete"
  8779. msgstr ""
  8780. #. type: table
  8781. #: ./bashref.texi:5435
  8782. msgid ""
  8783. "If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform hostname "
  8784. "completion when a word containing a @samp{@@} is being completed "
  8785. "(@pxref{Commands For Completion}). This option is enabled by default."
  8786. msgstr ""
  8787. #. type: item
  8788. #: ./bashref.texi:5436
  8789. #, no-wrap
  8790. msgid "huponexit"
  8791. msgstr ""
  8792. #. type: table
  8793. #: ./bashref.texi:5439
  8794. msgid ""
  8795. "If set, Bash will send @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs when an interactive login "
  8796. "shell exits (@pxref{Signals})."
  8797. msgstr ""
  8798. #. type: item
  8799. #: ./bashref.texi:5440
  8800. #, no-wrap
  8801. msgid "inherit_errexit"
  8802. msgstr ""
  8803. #. type: table
  8804. #: ./bashref.texi:5444
  8805. msgid ""
  8806. "If set, command substitution inherits the value of the @code{errexit} "
  8807. "option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell environment. This option is "
  8808. "enabled when @sc{posix} mode is enabled."
  8809. msgstr ""
  8810. #. type: item
  8811. #: ./bashref.texi:5445
  8812. #, no-wrap
  8813. msgid "interactive_comments"
  8814. msgstr ""
  8815. #. type: table
  8816. #: ./bashref.texi:5450
  8817. msgid ""
  8818. "Allow a word beginning with @samp{#} to cause that word and all remaining "
  8819. "characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell. This option "
  8820. "is enabled by default."
  8821. msgstr ""
  8822. #. type: item
  8823. #: ./bashref.texi:5451
  8824. #, no-wrap
  8825. msgid "lastpipe"
  8826. msgstr ""
  8827. #. type: table
  8828. #: ./bashref.texi:5454
  8829. msgid ""
  8830. "If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a "
  8831. "pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment."
  8832. msgstr ""
  8833. #. type: item
  8834. #: ./bashref.texi:5455
  8835. #, no-wrap
  8836. msgid "lithist"
  8837. msgstr ""
  8838. #. type: table
  8839. #: ./bashref.texi:5459
  8840. msgid ""
  8841. "If enabled, and the @code{cmdhist} option is enabled, multi-line commands "
  8842. "are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon "
  8843. "separators where possible."
  8844. msgstr ""
  8845. #. type: item
  8846. #: ./bashref.texi:5460
  8847. #, no-wrap
  8848. msgid "localvar_inherit"
  8849. msgstr ""
  8850. #. type: table
  8851. #: ./bashref.texi:5464
  8852. msgid ""
  8853. "If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes of a variable of "
  8854. "the same name that exists at a previous scope before any new value is "
  8855. "assigned. The @var{nameref} attribute is not inherited."
  8856. msgstr ""
  8857. #. type: item
  8858. #: ./bashref.texi:5465
  8859. #, no-wrap
  8860. msgid "localvar_unset"
  8861. msgstr ""
  8862. #. type: table
  8863. #: ./bashref.texi:5470
  8864. msgid ""
  8865. "If set, calling @code{unset} on local variables in previous function scopes "
  8866. "marks them so subsequent lookups find them unset until that function "
  8867. "returns. This is identical to the behavior of unsetting local variables at "
  8868. "the current function scope."
  8869. msgstr ""
  8870. #. type: item
  8871. #: ./bashref.texi:5471
  8872. #, no-wrap
  8873. msgid "login_shell"
  8874. msgstr ""
  8875. #. type: table
  8876. #: ./bashref.texi:5475
  8877. msgid ""
  8878. "The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell "
  8879. "(@pxref{Invoking Bash}). The value may not be changed."
  8880. msgstr ""
  8881. #. type: item
  8882. #: ./bashref.texi:5476
  8883. #, no-wrap
  8884. msgid "mailwarn"
  8885. msgstr ""
  8886. #. type: table
  8887. #: ./bashref.texi:5480
  8888. msgid ""
  8889. "If set, and a file that Bash is checking for mail has been accessed since "
  8890. "the last time it was checked, the message @code{\"The mail in @var{mailfile} "
  8891. "has been read\"} is displayed."
  8892. msgstr ""
  8893. #. type: item
  8894. #: ./bashref.texi:5481
  8895. #, no-wrap
  8896. msgid "no_empty_cmd_completion"
  8897. msgstr ""
  8898. #. type: table
  8899. #: ./bashref.texi:5485
  8900. msgid ""
  8901. "If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will not attempt to search the "
  8902. "@env{PATH} for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty "
  8903. "line."
  8904. msgstr ""
  8905. #. type: item
  8906. #: ./bashref.texi:5486
  8907. #, no-wrap
  8908. msgid "nocaseglob"
  8909. msgstr ""
  8910. #. type: table
  8911. #: ./bashref.texi:5489
  8912. msgid ""
  8913. "If set, Bash matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing "
  8914. "filename expansion."
  8915. msgstr ""
  8916. #. type: item
  8917. #: ./bashref.texi:5490
  8918. #, no-wrap
  8919. msgid "nocasematch"
  8920. msgstr ""
  8921. #. type: table
  8922. #: ./bashref.texi:5496
  8923. msgid ""
  8924. "If set, Bash matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing "
  8925. "matching while executing @code{case} or @code{[[} conditional commands, when "
  8926. "performing pattern substitution word expansions, or when filtering possible "
  8927. "completions as part of programmable completion."
  8928. msgstr ""
  8929. #. type: item
  8930. #: ./bashref.texi:5497
  8931. #, no-wrap
  8932. msgid "nullglob"
  8933. msgstr ""
  8934. #. type: table
  8935. #: ./bashref.texi:5500
  8936. msgid ""
  8937. "If set, Bash allows filename patterns which match no files to expand to a "
  8938. "null string, rather than themselves."
  8939. msgstr ""
  8940. #. type: item
  8941. #: ./bashref.texi:5501
  8942. #, no-wrap
  8943. msgid "progcomp"
  8944. msgstr ""
  8945. #. type: table
  8946. #: ./bashref.texi:5505
  8947. msgid ""
  8948. "If set, the programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable "
  8949. "Completion}) are enabled. This option is enabled by default."
  8950. msgstr ""
  8951. #. type: item
  8952. #: ./bashref.texi:5506
  8953. #, no-wrap
  8954. msgid "progcomp_alias"
  8955. msgstr ""
  8956. #. type: table
  8957. #: ./bashref.texi:5511
  8958. msgid ""
  8959. "If set, and programmable completion is enabled, Bash treats a command name "
  8960. "that doesn't have any completions as a possible alias and attempts alias "
  8961. "expansion. If it has an alias, Bash attempts programmable completion using "
  8962. "the command word resulting from the expanded alias."
  8963. msgstr ""
  8964. #. type: item
  8965. #: ./bashref.texi:5512
  8966. #, no-wrap
  8967. msgid "promptvars"
  8968. msgstr ""
  8969. #. type: table
  8970. #: ./bashref.texi:5518
  8971. msgid ""
  8972. "If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, "
  8973. "arithmetic expansion, and quote removal after being expanded as described "
  8974. "below (@pxref{Controlling the Prompt}). This option is enabled by default."
  8975. msgstr ""
  8976. #. type: item
  8977. #: ./bashref.texi:5519
  8978. #, no-wrap
  8979. msgid "restricted_shell"
  8980. msgstr ""
  8981. #. type: table
  8982. #: ./bashref.texi:5525
  8983. msgid ""
  8984. "The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (@pxref{The "
  8985. "Restricted Shell}). The value may not be changed. This is not reset when "
  8986. "the startup files are executed, allowing the startup files to discover "
  8987. "whether or not a shell is restricted."
  8988. msgstr ""
  8989. #. type: item
  8990. #: ./bashref.texi:5526
  8991. #, no-wrap
  8992. msgid "shift_verbose"
  8993. msgstr ""
  8994. #. type: table
  8995. #: ./bashref.texi:5530
  8996. msgid ""
  8997. "If this is set, the @code{shift} builtin prints an error message when the "
  8998. "shift count exceeds the number of positional parameters."
  8999. msgstr ""
  9000. #. type: item
  9001. #: ./bashref.texi:5531
  9002. #, no-wrap
  9003. msgid "sourcepath"
  9004. msgstr ""
  9005. #. type: table
  9006. #: ./bashref.texi:5535
  9007. msgid ""
  9008. "If set, the @code{source} builtin uses the value of @env{PATH} to find the "
  9009. "directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is "
  9010. "enabled by default."
  9011. msgstr ""
  9012. #. type: item
  9013. #: ./bashref.texi:5536
  9014. #, no-wrap
  9015. msgid "xpg_echo"
  9016. msgstr ""
  9017. #. type: table
  9018. #: ./bashref.texi:5539
  9019. msgid ""
  9020. "If set, the @code{echo} builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by "
  9021. "default."
  9022. msgstr ""
  9023. #. type: Plain text
  9024. #: ./bashref.texi:5551
  9025. msgid ""
  9026. "For historical reasons, the @sc{posix} standard has classified several "
  9027. "builtin commands as @emph{special}. When Bash is executing in @sc{posix} "
  9028. "mode, the special builtins differ from other builtin commands in three "
  9029. "respects:"
  9030. msgstr ""
  9031. #. type: enumerate
  9032. #: ./bashref.texi:5555
  9033. msgid "Special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup."
  9034. msgstr ""
  9035. #. type: enumerate
  9036. #: ./bashref.texi:5558
  9037. msgid "If a special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits."
  9038. msgstr ""
  9039. #. type: enumerate
  9040. #: ./bashref.texi:5562
  9041. msgid ""
  9042. "Assignment statements preceding the command stay in effect in the shell "
  9043. "environment after the command completes."
  9044. msgstr ""
  9045. #. type: Plain text
  9046. #: ./bashref.texi:5567
  9047. msgid ""
  9048. "When Bash is not executing in @sc{posix} mode, these builtins behave no "
  9049. "differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands. The Bash @sc{posix} "
  9050. "mode is described in @ref{Bash POSIX Mode}."
  9051. msgstr ""
  9052. #. type: Plain text
  9053. #: ./bashref.texi:5569
  9054. msgid "These are the @sc{posix} special builtins:"
  9055. msgstr ""
  9056. #. type: example
  9057. #: ./bashref.texi:5572
  9058. #, no-wrap
  9059. msgid ""
  9060. "@w{break : . continue eval exec exit export readonly return set}\n"
  9061. "@w{shift trap unset}\n"
  9062. msgstr ""
  9063. #. type: section
  9064. #: ./bashref.texi:5581 ./bashref.texi:5586 ./bashref.texi:5587
  9065. #, no-wrap
  9066. msgid "Bourne Shell Variables"
  9067. msgstr ""
  9068. #. type: menuentry
  9069. #: ./bashref.texi:5581
  9070. msgid "Variables which Bash uses in the same way as the Bourne Shell."
  9071. msgstr ""
  9072. #. type: section
  9073. #: ./bashref.texi:5581 ./bashref.texi:5649 ./bashref.texi:5650
  9074. #, no-wrap
  9075. msgid "Bash Variables"
  9076. msgstr ""
  9077. #. type: menuentry
  9078. #: ./bashref.texi:5581
  9079. msgid "List of variables that exist in Bash."
  9080. msgstr ""
  9081. #. type: Plain text
  9082. #: ./bashref.texi:5585
  9083. msgid ""
  9084. "This chapter describes the shell variables that Bash uses. Bash "
  9085. "automatically assigns default values to a number of variables."
  9086. msgstr ""
  9087. #. type: Plain text
  9088. #: ./bashref.texi:5591
  9089. msgid ""
  9090. "Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell. In "
  9091. "some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable."
  9092. msgstr ""
  9093. #. type: item
  9094. #: ./bashref.texi:5594
  9095. #, no-wrap
  9096. msgid "CDPATH"
  9097. msgstr ""
  9098. #. type: Plain text
  9099. #: ./bashref.texi:5597
  9100. msgid ""
  9101. "A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for the "
  9102. "@code{cd} builtin command."
  9103. msgstr ""
  9104. #. type: item
  9105. #: ./bashref.texi:5598
  9106. #, no-wrap
  9107. msgid "HOME"
  9108. msgstr ""
  9109. #. type: Plain text
  9110. #: ./bashref.texi:5603
  9111. msgid ""
  9112. "The current user's home directory; the default for the @code{cd} builtin "
  9113. "command. The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion "
  9114. "(@pxref{Tilde Expansion})."
  9115. msgstr ""
  9116. #. type: item
  9117. #: ./bashref.texi:5604
  9118. #, no-wrap
  9119. msgid "IFS"
  9120. msgstr ""
  9121. #. type: Plain text
  9122. #: ./bashref.texi:5607
  9123. msgid ""
  9124. "A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits words "
  9125. "as part of expansion."
  9126. msgstr ""
  9127. #. type: item
  9128. #: ./bashref.texi:5608
  9129. #, no-wrap
  9130. msgid "MAIL"
  9131. msgstr ""
  9132. #. type: Plain text
  9133. #: ./bashref.texi:5613
  9134. msgid ""
  9135. "If this parameter is set to a filename or directory name and the "
  9136. "@env{MAILPATH} variable is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of "
  9137. "mail in the specified file or Maildir-format directory."
  9138. msgstr ""
  9139. #. type: item
  9140. #: ./bashref.texi:5614
  9141. #, no-wrap
  9142. msgid "MAILPATH"
  9143. msgstr ""
  9144. #. type: Plain text
  9145. #: ./bashref.texi:5622
  9146. msgid ""
  9147. "A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks for "
  9148. "new mail. Each list entry can specify the message that is printed when new "
  9149. "mail arrives in the mail file by separating the filename from the message "
  9150. "with a @samp{?}. When used in the text of the message, @code{$_} expands to "
  9151. "the name of the current mail file."
  9152. msgstr ""
  9153. #. type: item
  9154. #: ./bashref.texi:5623
  9155. #, no-wrap
  9156. msgid "OPTARG"
  9157. msgstr ""
  9158. #. type: Plain text
  9159. #: ./bashref.texi:5625
  9160. msgid ""
  9161. "The value of the last option argument processed by the @code{getopts} "
  9162. "builtin."
  9163. msgstr ""
  9164. #. type: item
  9165. #: ./bashref.texi:5626
  9166. #, no-wrap
  9167. msgid "OPTIND"
  9168. msgstr ""
  9169. #. type: Plain text
  9170. #: ./bashref.texi:5628
  9171. msgid ""
  9172. "The index of the last option argument processed by the @code{getopts} "
  9173. "builtin."
  9174. msgstr ""
  9175. #. type: item
  9176. #: ./bashref.texi:5629
  9177. #, no-wrap
  9178. msgid "PATH"
  9179. msgstr ""
  9180. #. type: Plain text
  9181. #: ./bashref.texi:5636
  9182. msgid ""
  9183. "A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for "
  9184. "commands. A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of @code{PATH} "
  9185. "indicates the current directory. A null directory name may appear as two "
  9186. "adjacent colons, or as an initial or trailing colon."
  9187. msgstr ""
  9188. #. type: item
  9189. #: ./bashref.texi:5637
  9190. #, no-wrap
  9191. msgid "PS1"
  9192. msgstr ""
  9193. #. type: Plain text
  9194. #: ./bashref.texi:5641
  9195. msgid ""
  9196. "The primary prompt string. The default value is @samp{\\s-\\v\\$ }. "
  9197. "@xref{Controlling the Prompt}, for the complete list of escape sequences "
  9198. "that are expanded before @env{PS1} is displayed."
  9199. msgstr ""
  9200. #. type: item
  9201. #: ./bashref.texi:5642
  9202. #, no-wrap
  9203. msgid "PS2"
  9204. msgstr ""
  9205. #. type: Plain text
  9206. #: ./bashref.texi:5646
  9207. msgid ""
  9208. "The secondary prompt string. The default value is @samp{> }. @env{PS2} is "
  9209. "expanded in the same way as @env{PS1} before being displayed."
  9210. msgstr ""
  9211. #. type: Plain text
  9212. #: ./bashref.texi:5654
  9213. msgid ""
  9214. "These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells do not normally "
  9215. "treat them specially."
  9216. msgstr ""
  9217. #. type: Plain text
  9218. #: ./bashref.texi:5658
  9219. msgid ""
  9220. "A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters: variables "
  9221. "for controlling the job control facilities (@pxref{Job Control Variables})."
  9222. msgstr ""
  9223. #. type: item
  9224. #: ./bashref.texi:5661
  9225. #, no-wrap
  9226. msgid "_"
  9227. msgstr ""
  9228. #. type: vindex
  9229. #: ./bashref.texi:5662
  9230. #, no-wrap
  9231. msgid "$_"
  9232. msgstr ""
  9233. #. type: Plain text
  9234. #: ./bashref.texi:5672
  9235. msgid ""
  9236. "($_, an underscore.) At shell startup, set to the pathname used to invoke "
  9237. "the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment or "
  9238. "argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous "
  9239. "simple command executed in the foreground, after expansion. Also set to the "
  9240. "full pathname used to invoke each command executed and placed in the "
  9241. "environment exported to that command. When checking mail, this parameter "
  9242. "holds the name of the mail file."
  9243. msgstr ""
  9244. #. type: item
  9245. #: ./bashref.texi:5673
  9246. #, no-wrap
  9247. msgid "BASH"
  9248. msgstr ""
  9249. #. type: Plain text
  9250. #: ./bashref.texi:5675
  9251. msgid "The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash."
  9252. msgstr ""
  9253. #. type: item
  9254. #: ./bashref.texi:5676
  9255. #, no-wrap
  9256. msgid "BASHOPTS"
  9257. msgstr ""
  9258. #. type: Plain text
  9259. #: ./bashref.texi:5685
  9260. msgid ""
  9261. "A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in the list is a "
  9262. "valid argument for the @option{-s} option to the @code{shopt} builtin "
  9263. "command (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}). The options appearing in "
  9264. "@env{BASHOPTS} are those reported as @samp{on} by @samp{shopt}. If this "
  9265. "variable is in the environment when Bash starts up, each shell option in the "
  9266. "list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is "
  9267. "readonly."
  9268. msgstr ""
  9269. #. type: item
  9270. #: ./bashref.texi:5686
  9271. #, no-wrap
  9272. msgid "BASHPID"
  9273. msgstr ""
  9274. #. type: Plain text
  9275. #: ./bashref.texi:5694
  9276. msgid ""
  9277. "Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process. This differs from "
  9278. "@code{$$} under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require "
  9279. "Bash to be re-initialized. Assignments to @env{BASHPID} have no effect. If "
  9280. "@env{BASHPID} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is "
  9281. "subsequently reset."
  9282. msgstr ""
  9283. #. type: item
  9284. #: ./bashref.texi:5695
  9285. #, no-wrap
  9286. msgid "BASH_ALIASES"
  9287. msgstr ""
  9288. #. type: Plain text
  9289. #: ./bashref.texi:5705
  9290. msgid ""
  9291. "An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal list "
  9292. "of aliases as maintained by the @code{alias} builtin. (@pxref{Bourne Shell "
  9293. "Builtins}). Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, "
  9294. "unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be removed from "
  9295. "the alias list. If @env{BASH_ALIASES} is unset, it loses its special "
  9296. "properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  9297. msgstr ""
  9298. #. type: item
  9299. #: ./bashref.texi:5706
  9300. #, no-wrap
  9301. msgid "BASH_ARGC"
  9302. msgstr ""
  9303. #. type: Plain text
  9304. #: ./bashref.texi:5720
  9305. msgid ""
  9306. "An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each frame of "
  9307. "the current bash execution call stack. The number of parameters to the "
  9308. "current subroutine (shell function or script executed with @code{.} or "
  9309. "@code{source}) is at the top of the stack. When a subroutine is executed, "
  9310. "the number of parameters passed is pushed onto @code{BASH_ARGC}. The shell "
  9311. "sets @code{BASH_ARGC} only when in extended debugging mode (see @ref{The "
  9312. "Shopt Builtin} for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the "
  9313. "@code{shopt} builtin). Setting @code{extdebug} after the shell has started "
  9314. "to execute a script, or referencing this variable when @code{extdebug} is "
  9315. "not set, may result in inconsistent values."
  9316. msgstr ""
  9317. #. type: item
  9318. #: ./bashref.texi:5721
  9319. #, no-wrap
  9320. msgid "BASH_ARGV"
  9321. msgstr ""
  9322. #. type: Plain text
  9323. #: ./bashref.texi:5734
  9324. msgid ""
  9325. "An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash "
  9326. "execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call is at "
  9327. "the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is at the "
  9328. "bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied are pushed "
  9329. "onto @code{BASH_ARGV}. The shell sets @code{BASH_ARGV} only when in "
  9330. "extended debugging mode (see @ref{The Shopt Builtin} for a description of "
  9331. "the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt} builtin). Setting "
  9332. "@code{extdebug} after the shell has started to execute a script, or "
  9333. "referencing this variable when @code{extdebug} is not set, may result in "
  9334. "inconsistent values."
  9335. msgstr ""
  9336. #. type: item
  9337. #: ./bashref.texi:5735
  9338. #, no-wrap
  9339. msgid "BASH_ARGV0"
  9340. msgstr ""
  9341. #. type: Plain text
  9342. #: ./bashref.texi:5744
  9343. msgid ""
  9344. "When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or shell "
  9345. "script (identical to @code{$0}; @xref{Special Parameters}, for the "
  9346. "description of special parameter 0). Assignment to @code{BASH_ARGV0} causes "
  9347. "the value assigned to also be assigned to @code{$0}. If @env{BASH_ARGV0} is "
  9348. "unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  9349. msgstr ""
  9350. #. type: item
  9351. #: ./bashref.texi:5745
  9352. #, no-wrap
  9353. msgid "BASH_CMDS"
  9354. msgstr ""
  9355. #. type: Plain text
  9356. #: ./bashref.texi:5755
  9357. msgid ""
  9358. "An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal hash "
  9359. "table of commands as maintained by the @code{hash} builtin (@pxref{Bourne "
  9360. "Shell Builtins}). Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; "
  9361. "however, unsetting array elements currently does not cause command names to "
  9362. "be removed from the hash table. If @env{BASH_CMDS} is unset, it loses its "
  9363. "special properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  9364. msgstr ""
  9365. #. type: item
  9366. #: ./bashref.texi:5756
  9367. #, no-wrap
  9368. msgid "BASH_COMMAND"
  9369. msgstr ""
  9370. #. type: Plain text
  9371. #: ./bashref.texi:5763
  9372. msgid ""
  9373. "The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the "
  9374. "shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, in which case it is "
  9375. "the command executing at the time of the trap. If @env{BASH_COMMAND} is "
  9376. "unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  9377. msgstr ""
  9378. #. type: item
  9379. #: ./bashref.texi:5764
  9380. #, no-wrap
  9381. msgid "BASH_COMPAT"
  9382. msgstr ""
  9383. #. type: Plain text
  9384. #: ./bashref.texi:5781
  9385. msgid ""
  9386. "The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. @xref{Shell "
  9387. "Compatibility Mode}, for a description of the various compatibility levels "
  9388. "and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g., 4.2) or an "
  9389. "integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired compatibility level. If "
  9390. "@env{BASH_COMPAT} is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility "
  9391. "level is set to the default for the current version. If @env{BASH_COMPAT} "
  9392. "is set to a value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the "
  9393. "shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level to the "
  9394. "default for the current version. The valid values correspond to the "
  9395. "compatibility levels described below (@pxref{Shell Compatibility Mode}). "
  9396. "For example, 4.2 and 42 are valid values that correspond to the "
  9397. "@code{compat42} @code{shopt} option and set the compatibility level to 42. "
  9398. "The current version is also a valid value."
  9399. msgstr ""
  9400. #. type: item
  9401. #: ./bashref.texi:5782
  9402. #, no-wrap
  9403. msgid "BASH_ENV"
  9404. msgstr ""
  9405. #. type: Plain text
  9406. #: ./bashref.texi:5786
  9407. msgid ""
  9408. "If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell script, its "
  9409. "value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file to read before "
  9410. "executing the script. @xref{Bash Startup Files}."
  9411. msgstr ""
  9412. #. type: item
  9413. #: ./bashref.texi:5787
  9414. #, no-wrap
  9415. msgid "BASH_EXECUTION_STRING"
  9416. msgstr ""
  9417. #. type: Plain text
  9418. #: ./bashref.texi:5789
  9419. msgid "The command argument to the @option{-c} invocation option."
  9420. msgstr ""
  9421. #. type: item
  9422. #: ./bashref.texi:5790
  9423. #, no-wrap
  9424. msgid "BASH_LINENO"
  9425. msgstr ""
  9426. #. type: Plain text
  9427. #: ./bashref.texi:5798
  9428. msgid ""
  9429. "An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files where "
  9430. "each corresponding member of @var{FUNCNAME} was invoked. "
  9431. "@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file "
  9432. "(@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}) where @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called "
  9433. "(or @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i-1]@}} if referenced within another shell "
  9434. "function). Use @code{LINENO} to obtain the current line number."
  9435. msgstr ""
  9436. #. type: item
  9437. #: ./bashref.texi:5799
  9438. #, no-wrap
  9439. msgid "BASH_LOADABLES_PATH"
  9440. msgstr ""
  9441. #. type: Plain text
  9442. #: ./bashref.texi:5803
  9443. msgid ""
  9444. "A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for "
  9445. "dynamically loadable builtins specified by the @code{enable} command."
  9446. msgstr ""
  9447. #. type: item
  9448. #: ./bashref.texi:5804
  9449. #, no-wrap
  9450. msgid "BASH_REMATCH"
  9451. msgstr ""
  9452. #. type: Plain text
  9453. #: ./bashref.texi:5812
  9454. msgid ""
  9455. "An array variable whose members are assigned by the @samp{=~} binary "
  9456. "operator to the @code{[[} conditional command (@pxref{Conditional "
  9457. "Constructs}). The element with index 0 is the portion of the string "
  9458. "matching the entire regular expression. The element with index @var{n} is "
  9459. "the portion of the string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized "
  9460. "subexpression."
  9461. msgstr ""
  9462. #. type: item
  9463. #: ./bashref.texi:5813
  9464. #, no-wrap
  9465. msgid "BASH_SOURCE"
  9466. msgstr ""
  9467. #. type: Plain text
  9468. #: ./bashref.texi:5819
  9469. msgid ""
  9470. "An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the "
  9471. "corresponding shell function names in the @code{FUNCNAME} array variable are "
  9472. "defined. The shell function @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} is defined in the file "
  9473. "@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i]@}} and called from @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}"
  9474. msgstr ""
  9475. #. type: item
  9476. #: ./bashref.texi:5820
  9477. #, no-wrap
  9478. msgid "BASH_SUBSHELL"
  9479. msgstr ""
  9480. #. type: Plain text
  9481. #: ./bashref.texi:5827
  9482. msgid ""
  9483. "Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when the "
  9484. "shell begins executing in that environment. The initial value is 0. If "
  9485. "@env{BASH_SUBSHELL} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is "
  9486. "subsequently reset."
  9487. msgstr ""
  9488. #. type: item
  9489. #: ./bashref.texi:5828
  9490. #, no-wrap
  9491. msgid "BASH_VERSINFO"
  9492. msgstr ""
  9493. #. type: Plain text
  9494. #: ./bashref.texi:5832
  9495. msgid ""
  9496. "A readonly array variable (@pxref{Arrays}) whose members hold version "
  9497. "information for this instance of Bash. The values assigned to the array "
  9498. "members are as follows:"
  9499. msgstr ""
  9500. #. type: item
  9501. #: ./bashref.texi:5835
  9502. #, no-wrap
  9503. msgid "BASH_VERSINFO[0]"
  9504. msgstr ""
  9505. #. type: table
  9506. #: ./bashref.texi:5837
  9507. msgid "The major version number (the @var{release})."
  9508. msgstr ""
  9509. #. type: item
  9510. #: ./bashref.texi:5838
  9511. #, no-wrap
  9512. msgid "BASH_VERSINFO[1]"
  9513. msgstr ""
  9514. #. type: table
  9515. #: ./bashref.texi:5840
  9516. msgid "The minor version number (the @var{version})."
  9517. msgstr ""
  9518. #. type: item
  9519. #: ./bashref.texi:5841
  9520. #, no-wrap
  9521. msgid "BASH_VERSINFO[2]"
  9522. msgstr ""
  9523. #. type: table
  9524. #: ./bashref.texi:5843
  9525. msgid "The patch level."
  9526. msgstr ""
  9527. #. type: item
  9528. #: ./bashref.texi:5844
  9529. #, no-wrap
  9530. msgid "BASH_VERSINFO[3]"
  9531. msgstr ""
  9532. #. type: table
  9533. #: ./bashref.texi:5846
  9534. msgid "The build version."
  9535. msgstr ""
  9536. #. type: item
  9537. #: ./bashref.texi:5847
  9538. #, no-wrap
  9539. msgid "BASH_VERSINFO[4]"
  9540. msgstr ""
  9541. #. type: table
  9542. #: ./bashref.texi:5849
  9543. msgid "The release status (e.g., @var{beta1})."
  9544. msgstr ""
  9545. #. type: item
  9546. #: ./bashref.texi:5850
  9547. #, no-wrap
  9548. msgid "BASH_VERSINFO[5]"
  9549. msgstr ""
  9550. #. type: table
  9551. #: ./bashref.texi:5852
  9552. msgid "The value of @env{MACHTYPE}."
  9553. msgstr ""
  9554. #. type: item
  9555. #: ./bashref.texi:5854
  9556. #, no-wrap
  9557. msgid "BASH_VERSION"
  9558. msgstr ""
  9559. #. type: Plain text
  9560. #: ./bashref.texi:5856
  9561. msgid "The version number of the current instance of Bash."
  9562. msgstr ""
  9563. #. type: item
  9564. #: ./bashref.texi:5857
  9565. #, no-wrap
  9566. msgid "BASH_XTRACEFD"
  9567. msgstr ""
  9568. #. type: Plain text
  9569. #: ./bashref.texi:5870
  9570. msgid ""
  9571. "If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, Bash will "
  9572. "write the trace output generated when @samp{set -x} is enabled to that file "
  9573. "descriptor. This allows tracing output to be separated from diagnostic and "
  9574. "error messages. The file descriptor is closed when @code{BASH_XTRACEFD} is "
  9575. "unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting @code{BASH_XTRACEFD} or assigning "
  9576. "it the empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard "
  9577. "error. Note that setting @code{BASH_XTRACEFD} to 2 (the standard error file "
  9578. "descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being "
  9579. "closed."
  9580. msgstr ""
  9581. #. type: item
  9582. #: ./bashref.texi:5871
  9583. #, no-wrap
  9584. msgid "CHILD_MAX"
  9585. msgstr ""
  9586. #. type: Plain text
  9587. #: ./bashref.texi:5877
  9588. msgid ""
  9589. "Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember. "
  9590. "Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a @sc{posix}-mandated "
  9591. "minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may not "
  9592. "exceed. The minimum value is system-dependent."
  9593. msgstr ""
  9594. #. type: item
  9595. #: ./bashref.texi:5878
  9596. #, no-wrap
  9597. msgid "COLUMNS"
  9598. msgstr ""
  9599. #. type: Plain text
  9600. #: ./bashref.texi:5884
  9601. msgid ""
  9602. "Used by the @code{select} command to determine the terminal width when "
  9603. "printing selection lists. Automatically set if the @code{checkwinsize} "
  9604. "option is enabled (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), or in an interactive shell "
  9605. "upon receipt of a @code{SIGWINCH}."
  9606. msgstr ""
  9607. #. type: item
  9608. #: ./bashref.texi:5885
  9609. #, no-wrap
  9610. msgid "COMP_CWORD"
  9611. msgstr ""
  9612. #. type: Plain text
  9613. #: ./bashref.texi:5890
  9614. msgid ""
  9615. "An index into @env{$@{COMP_WORDS@}} of the word containing the current "
  9616. "cursor position. This variable is available only in shell functions invoked "
  9617. "by the programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion})."
  9618. msgstr ""
  9619. #. type: item
  9620. #: ./bashref.texi:5891
  9621. #, no-wrap
  9622. msgid "COMP_LINE"
  9623. msgstr ""
  9624. #. type: Plain text
  9625. #: ./bashref.texi:5896
  9626. msgid ""
  9627. "The current command line. This variable is available only in shell "
  9628. "functions and external commands invoked by the programmable completion "
  9629. "facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion})."
  9630. msgstr ""
  9631. #. type: item
  9632. #: ./bashref.texi:5897
  9633. #, no-wrap
  9634. msgid "COMP_POINT"
  9635. msgstr ""
  9636. #. type: Plain text
  9637. #: ./bashref.texi:5905
  9638. msgid ""
  9639. "The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of the "
  9640. "current command. If the current cursor position is at the end of the "
  9641. "current command, the value of this variable is equal to "
  9642. "@code{$@{#COMP_LINE@}}. This variable is available only in shell functions "
  9643. "and external commands invoked by the programmable completion facilities "
  9644. "(@pxref{Programmable Completion})."
  9645. msgstr ""
  9646. #. type: item
  9647. #: ./bashref.texi:5906
  9648. #, no-wrap
  9649. msgid "COMP_TYPE"
  9650. msgstr ""
  9651. #. type: Plain text
  9652. #: ./bashref.texi:5918
  9653. msgid ""
  9654. "Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted "
  9655. "that caused a completion function to be called: @var{TAB}, for normal "
  9656. "completion, @samp{?}, for listing completions after successive tabs, "
  9657. "@samp{!}, for listing alternatives on partial word completion, @samp{@@}, to "
  9658. "list completions if the word is not unmodified, or @samp{%}, for menu "
  9659. "completion. This variable is available only in shell functions and external "
  9660. "commands invoked by the programmable completion facilities "
  9661. "(@pxref{Programmable Completion})."
  9662. msgstr ""
  9663. #. type: item
  9664. #: ./bashref.texi:5919
  9665. #, no-wrap
  9666. msgid "COMP_KEY"
  9667. msgstr ""
  9668. #. type: Plain text
  9669. #: ./bashref.texi:5922
  9670. msgid ""
  9671. "The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current "
  9672. "completion function."
  9673. msgstr ""
  9674. #. type: item
  9675. #: ./bashref.texi:5923
  9676. #, no-wrap
  9677. msgid "COMP_WORDBREAKS"
  9678. msgstr ""
  9679. #. type: Plain text
  9680. #: ./bashref.texi:5929
  9681. msgid ""
  9682. "The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word separators "
  9683. "when performing word completion. If @env{COMP_WORDBREAKS} is unset, it "
  9684. "loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  9685. msgstr ""
  9686. #. type: item
  9687. #: ./bashref.texi:5930
  9688. #, no-wrap
  9689. msgid "COMP_WORDS"
  9690. msgstr ""
  9691. #. type: Plain text
  9692. #: ./bashref.texi:5937
  9693. msgid ""
  9694. "An array variable consisting of the individual words in the current command "
  9695. "line. The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using "
  9696. "@code{COMP_WORDBREAKS} as described above. This variable is available only "
  9697. "in shell functions invoked by the programmable completion facilities "
  9698. "(@pxref{Programmable Completion})."
  9699. msgstr ""
  9700. #. type: item
  9701. #: ./bashref.texi:5938
  9702. #, no-wrap
  9703. msgid "COMPREPLY"
  9704. msgstr ""
  9705. #. type: Plain text
  9706. #: ./bashref.texi:5943
  9707. msgid ""
  9708. "An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions generated "
  9709. "by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion facility "
  9710. "(@pxref{Programmable Completion}). Each array element contains one possible "
  9711. "completion."
  9712. msgstr ""
  9713. #. type: item
  9714. #: ./bashref.texi:5944
  9715. #, no-wrap
  9716. msgid "COPROC"
  9717. msgstr ""
  9718. #. type: Plain text
  9719. #: ./bashref.texi:5947
  9720. msgid ""
  9721. "An array variable created to hold the file descriptors for output from and "
  9722. "input to an unnamed coprocess (@pxref{Coprocesses})."
  9723. msgstr ""
  9724. #. type: item
  9725. #: ./bashref.texi:5948
  9726. #, no-wrap
  9727. msgid "DIRSTACK"
  9728. msgstr ""
  9729. #. type: Plain text
  9730. #: ./bashref.texi:5959
  9731. msgid ""
  9732. "An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack. "
  9733. "Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the "
  9734. "@code{dirs} builtin. Assigning to members of this array variable may be "
  9735. "used to modify directories already in the stack, but the @code{pushd} and "
  9736. "@code{popd} builtins must be used to add and remove directories. Assignment "
  9737. "to this variable will not change the current directory. If @env{DIRSTACK} "
  9738. "is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  9739. msgstr ""
  9740. #. type: item
  9741. #: ./bashref.texi:5960
  9742. #, no-wrap
  9743. msgid "EMACS"
  9744. msgstr ""
  9745. #. type: Plain text
  9746. #: ./bashref.texi:5964
  9747. msgid ""
  9748. "If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with "
  9749. "value @samp{t}, it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell "
  9750. "buffer and disables line editing."
  9751. msgstr ""
  9752. #. type: item
  9753. #: ./bashref.texi:5965
  9754. #, no-wrap
  9755. msgid "ENV"
  9756. msgstr ""
  9757. #. type: Plain text
  9758. #: ./bashref.texi:5970
  9759. msgid ""
  9760. "Expanded and executed similarlty to @code{BASH_ENV} (@pxref{Bash Startup "
  9761. "Files}) when an interactive shell is invoked in @sc{posix} Mode "
  9762. "(@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode})."
  9763. msgstr ""
  9764. #. type: item
  9765. #: ./bashref.texi:5971
  9766. #, no-wrap
  9767. msgid "EPOCHREALTIME"
  9768. msgstr ""
  9769. #. type: Plain text
  9770. #: ./bashref.texi:5980
  9771. msgid ""
  9772. "Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds "
  9773. "since the Unix Epoch as a floating point value with micro-second granularity "
  9774. "(see the documentation for the C library function @var{time} for the "
  9775. "definition of Epoch). Assignments to @env{EPOCHREALTIME} are ignored. If "
  9776. "@env{EPOCHREALTIME} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is "
  9777. "subsequently reset."
  9778. msgstr ""
  9779. #. type: item
  9780. #: ./bashref.texi:5981
  9781. #, no-wrap
  9782. msgid "EPOCHSECONDS"
  9783. msgstr ""
  9784. #. type: Plain text
  9785. #: ./bashref.texi:5989
  9786. msgid ""
  9787. "Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds "
  9788. "since the Unix Epoch (see the documentation for the C library function "
  9789. "@var{time} for the definition of Epoch). Assignments to @env{EPOCHSECONDS} "
  9790. "are ignored. If @env{EPOCHSECONDS} is unset, it loses its special "
  9791. "properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  9792. msgstr ""
  9793. #. type: item
  9794. #: ./bashref.texi:5990
  9795. #, no-wrap
  9796. msgid "EUID"
  9797. msgstr ""
  9798. #. type: Plain text
  9799. #: ./bashref.texi:5993
  9800. msgid ""
  9801. "The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable is "
  9802. "readonly."
  9803. msgstr ""
  9804. #. type: item
  9805. #: ./bashref.texi:5994
  9806. #, no-wrap
  9807. msgid "EXECIGNORE"
  9808. msgstr ""
  9809. #. type: Plain text
  9810. #: ./bashref.texi:6008
  9811. msgid ""
  9812. "A colon-separated list of shell patterns (@pxref{Pattern Matching}) "
  9813. "defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search using "
  9814. "@code{PATH}. Files whose full pathnames match one of these patterns are not "
  9815. "considered executable files for the purposes of completion and command "
  9816. "execution via @code{PATH} lookup. This does not affect the behavior of the "
  9817. "@code{[}, @code{test}, and @code{[[} commands. Full pathnames in the "
  9818. "command hash table are not subject to @code{EXECIGNORE}. Use this variable "
  9819. "to ignore shared library files that have the executable bit set, but are not "
  9820. "executable files. The pattern matching honors the setting of the "
  9821. "@code{extglob} shell option."
  9822. msgstr ""
  9823. #. type: item
  9824. #: ./bashref.texi:6009
  9825. #, no-wrap
  9826. msgid "FCEDIT"
  9827. msgstr ""
  9828. #. type: Plain text
  9829. #: ./bashref.texi:6012
  9830. msgid ""
  9831. "The editor used as a default by the @option{-e} option to the @code{fc} "
  9832. "builtin command."
  9833. msgstr ""
  9834. #. type: item
  9835. #: ./bashref.texi:6013
  9836. #, no-wrap
  9837. msgid "FIGNORE"
  9838. msgstr ""
  9839. #. type: Plain text
  9840. #: ./bashref.texi:6020
  9841. msgid ""
  9842. "A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename "
  9843. "completion. A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in "
  9844. "@env{FIGNORE} is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample "
  9845. "value is @samp{.o:~}"
  9846. msgstr ""
  9847. #. type: item
  9848. #: ./bashref.texi:6021
  9849. #, no-wrap
  9850. msgid "FUNCNAME"
  9851. msgstr ""
  9852. #. type: Plain text
  9853. #: ./bashref.texi:6033
  9854. msgid ""
  9855. "An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in "
  9856. "the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any "
  9857. "currently-executing shell function. The bottom-most element (the one with "
  9858. "the highest index) is @code{\"main\"}. This variable exists only when a "
  9859. "shell function is executing. Assignments to @env{FUNCNAME} have no effect. "
  9860. "If @env{FUNCNAME} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is "
  9861. "subsequently reset."
  9862. msgstr ""
  9863. #. type: Plain text
  9864. #: ./bashref.texi:6041
  9865. msgid ""
  9866. "This variable can be used with @code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE}. "
  9867. "Each element of @code{FUNCNAME} has corresponding elements in "
  9868. "@code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE} to describe the call stack. For "
  9869. "instance, @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called from the file "
  9870. "@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}} at line number @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}}. "
  9871. "The @code{caller} builtin displays the current call stack using this "
  9872. "information."
  9873. msgstr ""
  9874. #. type: item
  9875. #: ./bashref.texi:6042
  9876. #, no-wrap
  9877. msgid "FUNCNEST"
  9878. msgstr ""
  9879. #. type: Plain text
  9880. #: ./bashref.texi:6046
  9881. msgid ""
  9882. "If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function nesting "
  9883. "level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level will cause the "
  9884. "current command to abort."
  9885. msgstr ""
  9886. #. type: item
  9887. #: ./bashref.texi:6047
  9888. #, no-wrap
  9889. msgid "GLOBIGNORE"
  9890. msgstr ""
  9891. #. type: Plain text
  9892. #: ./bashref.texi:6055
  9893. msgid ""
  9894. "A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file names to be "
  9895. "ignored by filename expansion. If a file name matched by a filename "
  9896. "expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE}, it "
  9897. "is removed from the list of matches. The pattern matching honors the "
  9898. "setting of the @code{extglob} shell option."
  9899. msgstr ""
  9900. #. type: item
  9901. #: ./bashref.texi:6056
  9902. #, no-wrap
  9903. msgid "GROUPS"
  9904. msgstr ""
  9905. #. type: Plain text
  9906. #: ./bashref.texi:6063
  9907. msgid ""
  9908. "An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current user is "
  9909. "a member. Assignments to @env{GROUPS} have no effect. If @env{GROUPS} is "
  9910. "unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  9911. msgstr ""
  9912. #. type: item
  9913. #: ./bashref.texi:6064
  9914. #, no-wrap
  9915. msgid "histchars"
  9916. msgstr ""
  9917. #. type: Plain text
  9918. #: ./bashref.texi:6077
  9919. msgid ""
  9920. "Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick substitution, "
  9921. "and tokenization (@pxref{History Interaction}). The first character is the "
  9922. "@var{history expansion} character, that is, the character which signifies "
  9923. "the start of a history expansion, normally @samp{!}. The second character "
  9924. "is the character which signifies `quick substitution' when seen as the first "
  9925. "character on a line, normally @samp{^}. The optional third character is the "
  9926. "character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when "
  9927. "found as the first character of a word, usually @samp{#}. The history "
  9928. "comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the "
  9929. "remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser "
  9930. "to treat the rest of the line as a comment."
  9931. msgstr ""
  9932. #. type: item
  9933. #: ./bashref.texi:6078
  9934. #, no-wrap
  9935. msgid "HISTCMD"
  9936. msgstr ""
  9937. #. type: Plain text
  9938. #: ./bashref.texi:6085
  9939. msgid ""
  9940. "The history number, or index in the history list, of the current command. "
  9941. "Assignments to @env{HISTCMD} are ignored. If @env{HISTCMD} is unset, it "
  9942. "loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  9943. msgstr ""
  9944. #. type: item
  9945. #: ./bashref.texi:6086
  9946. #, no-wrap
  9947. msgid "HISTCONTROL"
  9948. msgstr ""
  9949. #. type: Plain text
  9950. #: ./bashref.texi:6105
  9951. msgid ""
  9952. "A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on the "
  9953. "history list. If the list of values includes @samp{ignorespace}, lines "
  9954. "which begin with a space character are not saved in the history list. A "
  9955. "value of @samp{ignoredups} causes lines which match the previous history "
  9956. "entry to not be saved. A value of @samp{ignoreboth} is shorthand for "
  9957. "@samp{ignorespace} and @samp{ignoredups}. A value of @samp{erasedups} "
  9958. "causes all previous lines matching the current line to be removed from the "
  9959. "history list before that line is saved. Any value not in the above list is "
  9960. "ignored. If @env{HISTCONTROL} is unset, or does not include a valid value, "
  9961. "all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to "
  9962. "the value of @env{HISTIGNORE}. The second and subsequent lines of a "
  9963. "multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the history "
  9964. "regardless of the value of @env{HISTCONTROL}."
  9965. msgstr ""
  9966. #. type: item
  9967. #: ./bashref.texi:6106
  9968. #, no-wrap
  9969. msgid "HISTFILE"
  9970. msgstr ""
  9971. #. type: Plain text
  9972. #: ./bashref.texi:6109
  9973. msgid ""
  9974. "The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The default "
  9975. "value is @file{~/.bash_history}."
  9976. msgstr ""
  9977. #. type: item
  9978. #: ./bashref.texi:6110
  9979. #, no-wrap
  9980. msgid "HISTFILESIZE"
  9981. msgstr ""
  9982. #. type: Plain text
  9983. #: ./bashref.texi:6121
  9984. msgid ""
  9985. "The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this "
  9986. "variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if necessary, "
  9987. "to contain no more than that number of lines by removing the oldest "
  9988. "entries. The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it "
  9989. "when a shell exits. If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to "
  9990. "zero size. Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit "
  9991. "truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of @env{HISTSIZE} "
  9992. "after reading any startup files."
  9993. msgstr ""
  9994. #. type: item
  9995. #: ./bashref.texi:6122
  9996. #, no-wrap
  9997. msgid "HISTIGNORE"
  9998. msgstr ""
  9999. #. type: Plain text
  10000. #: ./bashref.texi:6137
  10001. msgid ""
  10002. "A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines should "
  10003. "be saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the beginning of "
  10004. "the line and must match the complete line (no implicit @samp{*} is "
  10005. "appended). Each pattern is tested against the line after the checks "
  10006. "specified by @env{HISTCONTROL} are applied. In addition to the normal shell "
  10007. "pattern matching characters, @samp{&} matches the previous history line. "
  10008. "@samp{&} may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before "
  10009. "attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line "
  10010. "compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of "
  10011. "the value of @env{HISTIGNORE}. The pattern matching honors the setting of "
  10012. "the @code{extglob} shell option."
  10013. msgstr ""
  10014. #. type: Plain text
  10015. #: ./bashref.texi:6143
  10016. msgid ""
  10017. "@env{HISTIGNORE} subsumes the function of @env{HISTCONTROL}. A pattern of "
  10018. "@samp{&} is identical to @code{ignoredups}, and a pattern of @samp{[ ]*} is "
  10019. "identical to @code{ignorespace}. Combining these two patterns, separating "
  10020. "them with a colon, provides the functionality of @code{ignoreboth}."
  10021. msgstr ""
  10022. #. type: item
  10023. #: ./bashref.texi:6144
  10024. #, no-wrap
  10025. msgid "HISTSIZE"
  10026. msgstr ""
  10027. #. type: Plain text
  10028. #: ./bashref.texi:6150
  10029. msgid ""
  10030. "The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list. If the "
  10031. "value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list. Numeric values less "
  10032. "than zero result in every command being saved on the history list (there is "
  10033. "no limit). The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any "
  10034. "startup files."
  10035. msgstr ""
  10036. #. type: item
  10037. #: ./bashref.texi:6151
  10038. #, no-wrap
  10039. msgid "HISTTIMEFORMAT"
  10040. msgstr ""
  10041. #. type: Plain text
  10042. #: ./bashref.texi:6159
  10043. msgid ""
  10044. "If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string "
  10045. "for @var{strftime} to print the time stamp associated with each history "
  10046. "entry displayed by the @code{history} builtin. If this variable is set, "
  10047. "time stamps are written to the history file so they may be preserved across "
  10048. "shell sessions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish "
  10049. "timestamps from other history lines."
  10050. msgstr ""
  10051. #. type: item
  10052. #: ./bashref.texi:6160
  10053. #, no-wrap
  10054. msgid "HOSTFILE"
  10055. msgstr ""
  10056. #. type: Plain text
  10057. #: ./bashref.texi:6172
  10058. msgid ""
  10059. "Contains the name of a file in the same format as @file{/etc/hosts} that "
  10060. "should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. The list of "
  10061. "possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell is running; the "
  10062. "next time hostname completion is attempted after the value is changed, Bash "
  10063. "adds the contents of the new file to the existing list. If @env{HOSTFILE} "
  10064. "is set, but has no value, or does not name a readable file, Bash attempts to "
  10065. "read @file{/etc/hosts} to obtain the list of possible hostname completions. "
  10066. "When @env{HOSTFILE} is unset, the hostname list is cleared."
  10067. msgstr ""
  10068. #. type: item
  10069. #: ./bashref.texi:6173
  10070. #, no-wrap
  10071. msgid "HOSTNAME"
  10072. msgstr ""
  10073. #. type: Plain text
  10074. #: ./bashref.texi:6175
  10075. msgid "The name of the current host."
  10076. msgstr ""
  10077. #. type: item
  10078. #: ./bashref.texi:6176
  10079. #, no-wrap
  10080. msgid "HOSTTYPE"
  10081. msgstr ""
  10082. #. type: Plain text
  10083. #: ./bashref.texi:6178
  10084. msgid "A string describing the machine Bash is running on."
  10085. msgstr ""
  10086. #. type: item
  10087. #: ./bashref.texi:6179
  10088. #, no-wrap
  10089. msgid "IGNOREEOF"
  10090. msgstr ""
  10091. #. type: Plain text
  10092. #: ./bashref.texi:6188
  10093. msgid ""
  10094. "Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an @code{EOF} character as "
  10095. "the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number of consecutive "
  10096. "@code{EOF} characters that can be read as the first character on an input "
  10097. "line before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not have a "
  10098. "numeric value, or has no value, then the default is 10. If the variable "
  10099. "does not exist, then @code{EOF} signifies the end of input to the shell. "
  10100. "This is only in effect for interactive shells."
  10101. msgstr ""
  10102. #. type: item
  10103. #: ./bashref.texi:6189
  10104. #, no-wrap
  10105. msgid "INPUTRC"
  10106. msgstr ""
  10107. #. type: Plain text
  10108. #: ./bashref.texi:6192
  10109. msgid ""
  10110. "The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default of "
  10111. "@file{~/.inputrc}."
  10112. msgstr ""
  10113. #. type: item
  10114. #: ./bashref.texi:6193
  10115. #, no-wrap
  10116. msgid "INSIDE_EMACS"
  10117. msgstr ""
  10118. #. type: Plain text
  10119. #: ./bashref.texi:6197
  10120. msgid ""
  10121. "If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts, it "
  10122. "assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and may disable "
  10123. "line editing depending on the value of @env{TERM}."
  10124. msgstr ""
  10125. #. type: item
  10126. #: ./bashref.texi:6198
  10127. #, no-wrap
  10128. msgid "LANG"
  10129. msgstr ""
  10130. #. type: Plain text
  10131. #: ./bashref.texi:6201
  10132. msgid ""
  10133. "Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically "
  10134. "selected with a variable starting with @code{LC_}."
  10135. msgstr ""
  10136. #. type: item
  10137. #: ./bashref.texi:6202
  10138. #, no-wrap
  10139. msgid "LC_ALL"
  10140. msgstr ""
  10141. #. type: Plain text
  10142. #: ./bashref.texi:6205
  10143. msgid ""
  10144. "This variable overrides the value of @env{LANG} and any other @code{LC_} "
  10145. "variable specifying a locale category."
  10146. msgstr ""
  10147. #. type: item
  10148. #: ./bashref.texi:6206
  10149. #, no-wrap
  10150. msgid "LC_COLLATE"
  10151. msgstr ""
  10152. #. type: Plain text
  10153. #: ./bashref.texi:6212
  10154. msgid ""
  10155. "This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the results "
  10156. "of filename expansion, and determines the behavior of range expressions, "
  10157. "equivalence classes, and collating sequences within filename expansion and "
  10158. "pattern matching (@pxref{Filename Expansion})."
  10159. msgstr ""
  10160. #. type: item
  10161. #: ./bashref.texi:6213
  10162. #, no-wrap
  10163. msgid "LC_CTYPE"
  10164. msgstr ""
  10165. #. type: Plain text
  10166. #: ./bashref.texi:6217
  10167. msgid ""
  10168. "This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the behavior "
  10169. "of character classes within filename expansion and pattern matching "
  10170. "(@pxref{Filename Expansion})."
  10171. msgstr ""
  10172. #. type: Plain text
  10173. #: ./bashref.texi:6221
  10174. msgid ""
  10175. "This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted strings "
  10176. "preceded by a @samp{$} (@pxref{Locale Translation})."
  10177. msgstr ""
  10178. #. type: item
  10179. #: ./bashref.texi:6222
  10180. #, no-wrap
  10181. msgid "LC_NUMERIC"
  10182. msgstr ""
  10183. #. type: Plain text
  10184. #: ./bashref.texi:6224
  10185. msgid "This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting."
  10186. msgstr ""
  10187. #. type: item
  10188. #: ./bashref.texi:6225
  10189. #, no-wrap
  10190. msgid "LC_TIME"
  10191. msgstr ""
  10192. #. type: Plain text
  10193. #: ./bashref.texi:6228
  10194. msgid ""
  10195. "This variable determines the locale category used for data and time "
  10196. "formatting."
  10197. msgstr ""
  10198. #. type: item
  10199. #: ./bashref.texi:6229
  10200. #, no-wrap
  10201. msgid "LINENO"
  10202. msgstr ""
  10203. #. type: Plain text
  10204. #: ./bashref.texi:6234
  10205. msgid ""
  10206. "The line number in the script or shell function currently executing. If "
  10207. "@env{LINENO} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is "
  10208. "subsequently reset."
  10209. msgstr ""
  10210. #. type: item
  10211. #: ./bashref.texi:6235
  10212. #, no-wrap
  10213. msgid "LINES"
  10214. msgstr ""
  10215. #. type: Plain text
  10216. #: ./bashref.texi:6241
  10217. msgid ""
  10218. "Used by the @code{select} command to determine the column length for "
  10219. "printing selection lists. Automatically set if the @code{checkwinsize} "
  10220. "option is enabled (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), or in an interactive shell "
  10221. "upon receipt of a @code{SIGWINCH}."
  10222. msgstr ""
  10223. #. type: item
  10224. #: ./bashref.texi:6242
  10225. #, no-wrap
  10226. msgid "MACHTYPE"
  10227. msgstr ""
  10228. #. type: Plain text
  10229. #: ./bashref.texi:6245
  10230. msgid ""
  10231. "A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash is executing, in "
  10232. "the standard @sc{gnu} @var{cpu-company-system} format."
  10233. msgstr ""
  10234. #. type: item
  10235. #: ./bashref.texi:6246
  10236. #, no-wrap
  10237. msgid "MAILCHECK"
  10238. msgstr ""
  10239. #. type: Plain text
  10240. #: ./bashref.texi:6253
  10241. msgid ""
  10242. "How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the files "
  10243. "specified in the @env{MAILPATH} or @env{MAIL} variables. The default is 60 "
  10244. "seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the shell does so before "
  10245. "displaying the primary prompt. If this variable is unset, or set to a value "
  10246. "that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail "
  10247. "checking."
  10248. msgstr ""
  10249. #. type: item
  10250. #: ./bashref.texi:6254
  10251. #, no-wrap
  10252. msgid "MAPFILE"
  10253. msgstr ""
  10254. #. type: Plain text
  10255. #: ./bashref.texi:6257
  10256. msgid ""
  10257. "An array variable created to hold the text read by the @code{mapfile} "
  10258. "builtin when no variable name is supplied."
  10259. msgstr ""
  10260. #. type: item
  10261. #: ./bashref.texi:6258
  10262. #, no-wrap
  10263. msgid "OLDPWD"
  10264. msgstr ""
  10265. #. type: Plain text
  10266. #: ./bashref.texi:6260
  10267. msgid "The previous working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin."
  10268. msgstr ""
  10269. #. type: item
  10270. #: ./bashref.texi:6261
  10271. #, no-wrap
  10272. msgid "OPTERR"
  10273. msgstr ""
  10274. #. type: Plain text
  10275. #: ./bashref.texi:6264
  10276. msgid ""
  10277. "If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages generated by the "
  10278. "@code{getopts} builtin command."
  10279. msgstr ""
  10280. #. type: item
  10281. #: ./bashref.texi:6265
  10282. #, no-wrap
  10283. msgid "OSTYPE"
  10284. msgstr ""
  10285. #. type: Plain text
  10286. #: ./bashref.texi:6267
  10287. msgid "A string describing the operating system Bash is running on."
  10288. msgstr ""
  10289. #. type: item
  10290. #: ./bashref.texi:6268
  10291. #, no-wrap
  10292. msgid "PIPESTATUS"
  10293. msgstr ""
  10294. #. type: Plain text
  10295. #: ./bashref.texi:6273
  10296. msgid ""
  10297. "An array variable (@pxref{Arrays}) containing a list of exit status values "
  10298. "from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which "
  10299. "may contain only a single command)."
  10300. msgstr ""
  10301. #. type: item
  10302. #: ./bashref.texi:6274
  10303. #, no-wrap
  10304. msgid "POSIXLY_CORRECT"
  10305. msgstr ""
  10306. #. type: Plain text
  10307. #: ./bashref.texi:6280
  10308. msgid ""
  10309. "If this variable is in the environment when Bash starts, the shell enters "
  10310. "@sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}) before reading the startup files, "
  10311. "as if the @option{--posix} invocation option had been supplied. If it is "
  10312. "set while the shell is running, Bash enables @sc{posix} mode, as if the "
  10313. "command"
  10314. msgstr ""
  10315. #. type: example
  10316. #: ./bashref.texi:6282
  10317. #, no-wrap
  10318. msgid "@code{set -o posix}\n"
  10319. msgstr ""
  10320. #. type: Plain text
  10321. #: ./bashref.texi:6287
  10322. msgid ""
  10323. "had been executed. When the shell enters @sc{posix} mode, it sets this "
  10324. "variable if it was not already set."
  10325. msgstr ""
  10326. #. type: item
  10327. #: ./bashref.texi:6288
  10328. #, no-wrap
  10329. msgid "PPID"
  10330. msgstr ""
  10331. #. type: Plain text
  10332. #: ./bashref.texi:6291
  10333. msgid ""
  10334. "The process @sc{id} of the shell's parent process. This variable is "
  10335. "readonly."
  10336. msgstr ""
  10337. #. type: item
  10338. #: ./bashref.texi:6292
  10339. #, no-wrap
  10340. msgid "PROMPT_COMMAND"
  10341. msgstr ""
  10342. #. type: Plain text
  10343. #: ./bashref.texi:6298
  10344. msgid ""
  10345. "If this variable is set, and is an array, the value of each set element is "
  10346. "interpreted as a command to execute before printing the primary prompt "
  10347. "(@env{$PS1}). If this is set but not an array variable, its value is used "
  10348. "as a command to execute instead."
  10349. msgstr ""
  10350. #. type: item
  10351. #: ./bashref.texi:6299
  10352. #, no-wrap
  10353. msgid "PROMPT_DIRTRIM"
  10354. msgstr ""
  10355. #. type: Plain text
  10356. #: ./bashref.texi:6304
  10357. msgid ""
  10358. "If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of "
  10359. "trailing directory components to retain when expanding the @code{\\w} and "
  10360. "@code{\\W} prompt string escapes (@pxref{Controlling the Prompt}). "
  10361. "Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis."
  10362. msgstr ""
  10363. #. type: item
  10364. #: ./bashref.texi:6305
  10365. #, no-wrap
  10366. msgid "PS0"
  10367. msgstr ""
  10368. #. type: Plain text
  10369. #: ./bashref.texi:6309
  10370. msgid ""
  10371. "The value of this parameter is expanded like @env{PS1} and displayed by "
  10372. "interactive shells after reading a command and before the command is "
  10373. "executed."
  10374. msgstr ""
  10375. #. type: item
  10376. #: ./bashref.texi:6310
  10377. #, no-wrap
  10378. msgid "PS3"
  10379. msgstr ""
  10380. #. type: Plain text
  10381. #: ./bashref.texi:6314
  10382. msgid ""
  10383. "The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the @code{select} "
  10384. "command. If this variable is not set, the @code{select} command prompts "
  10385. "with @samp{#? }"
  10386. msgstr ""
  10387. #. type: item
  10388. #: ./bashref.texi:6315
  10389. #, no-wrap
  10390. msgid "PS4"
  10391. msgstr ""
  10392. #. type: Plain text
  10393. #: ./bashref.texi:6322
  10394. msgid ""
  10395. "The value of this parameter is expanded like @var{PS1} and the expanded "
  10396. "value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed when the "
  10397. "@option{-x} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}). The first character of "
  10398. "the expanded value is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate "
  10399. "multiple levels of indirection. The default is @samp{+ }."
  10400. msgstr ""
  10401. #. type: item
  10402. #: ./bashref.texi:6323
  10403. #, no-wrap
  10404. msgid "PWD"
  10405. msgstr ""
  10406. #. type: Plain text
  10407. #: ./bashref.texi:6325
  10408. msgid "The current working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin."
  10409. msgstr ""
  10410. #. type: item
  10411. #: ./bashref.texi:6326
  10412. #, no-wrap
  10413. msgid "RANDOM"
  10414. msgstr ""
  10415. #. type: Plain text
  10416. #: ./bashref.texi:6333
  10417. msgid ""
  10418. "Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to a random integer "
  10419. "between 0 and 32767. Assigning a value to this variable seeds the random "
  10420. "number generator. If @env{RANDOM} is unset, it loses its special "
  10421. "properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  10422. msgstr ""
  10423. #. type: item
  10424. #: ./bashref.texi:6334
  10425. #, no-wrap
  10426. msgid "READLINE_LINE"
  10427. msgstr ""
  10428. #. type: Plain text
  10429. #: ./bashref.texi:6337
  10430. msgid ""
  10431. "The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use with @samp{bind -x} "
  10432. "(@pxref{Bash Builtins})."
  10433. msgstr ""
  10434. #. type: item
  10435. #: ./bashref.texi:6338
  10436. #, no-wrap
  10437. msgid "READLINE_MARK"
  10438. msgstr ""
  10439. #. type: Plain text
  10440. #: ./bashref.texi:6344
  10441. msgid ""
  10442. "The position of the @var{mark} (saved insertion point) in the Readline line "
  10443. "buffer, for use with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}). The characters "
  10444. "between the insertion point and the mark are often called the @var{region}."
  10445. msgstr ""
  10446. #. type: item
  10447. #: ./bashref.texi:6345
  10448. #, no-wrap
  10449. msgid "READLINE_POINT"
  10450. msgstr ""
  10451. #. type: Plain text
  10452. #: ./bashref.texi:6348
  10453. msgid ""
  10454. "The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use "
  10455. "with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins})."
  10456. msgstr ""
  10457. #. type: item
  10458. #: ./bashref.texi:6349
  10459. #, no-wrap
  10460. msgid "REPLY"
  10461. msgstr ""
  10462. #. type: Plain text
  10463. #: ./bashref.texi:6351
  10464. msgid "The default variable for the @code{read} builtin."
  10465. msgstr ""
  10466. #. type: item
  10467. #: ./bashref.texi:6352
  10468. #, no-wrap
  10469. msgid "SECONDS"
  10470. msgstr ""
  10471. #. type: Plain text
  10472. #: ./bashref.texi:6363
  10473. msgid ""
  10474. "This variable expands to the number of seconds since the shell was started. "
  10475. "Assignment to this variable resets the count to the value assigned, and the "
  10476. "expanded value becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds since "
  10477. "the assignment. The number of seconds at shell invocation and the current "
  10478. "time is always determined by querying the system clock. If @env{SECONDS} is "
  10479. "unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset."
  10480. msgstr ""
  10481. #. type: item
  10482. #: ./bashref.texi:6364
  10483. #, no-wrap
  10484. msgid "SHELL"
  10485. msgstr ""
  10486. #. type: Plain text
  10487. #: ./bashref.texi:6368
  10488. msgid ""
  10489. "This environment variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it "
  10490. "is not set when the shell starts, Bash assigns to it the full pathname of "
  10491. "the current user's login shell."
  10492. msgstr ""
  10493. #. type: item
  10494. #: ./bashref.texi:6369
  10495. #, no-wrap
  10496. msgid "SHELLOPTS"
  10497. msgstr ""
  10498. #. type: Plain text
  10499. #: ./bashref.texi:6378
  10500. msgid ""
  10501. "A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in the list is a "
  10502. "valid argument for the @option{-o} option to the @code{set} builtin command "
  10503. "(@pxref{The Set Builtin}). The options appearing in @env{SHELLOPTS} are "
  10504. "those reported as @samp{on} by @samp{set -o}. If this variable is in the "
  10505. "environment when Bash starts up, each shell option in the list will be "
  10506. "enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is readonly."
  10507. msgstr ""
  10508. #. type: item
  10509. #: ./bashref.texi:6379
  10510. #, no-wrap
  10511. msgid "SHLVL"
  10512. msgstr ""
  10513. #. type: Plain text
  10514. #: ./bashref.texi:6382
  10515. msgid ""
  10516. "Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is "
  10517. "intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested."
  10518. msgstr ""
  10519. #. type: item
  10520. #: ./bashref.texi:6383
  10521. #, no-wrap
  10522. msgid "SRANDOM"
  10523. msgstr ""
  10524. #. type: Plain text
  10525. #: ./bashref.texi:6393
  10526. msgid ""
  10527. "This variable expands to a 32-bit pseudo-random number each time it is "
  10528. "referenced. The random number generator is not linear on systems that "
  10529. "support @file{/dev/urandom} or @code{arc4random}, so each returned number "
  10530. "has no relationship to the numbers preceding it. The random number "
  10531. "generator cannot be seeded, so assignments to this variable have no effect. "
  10532. "If @env{SRANDOM} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is "
  10533. "subsequently reset."
  10534. msgstr ""
  10535. #. type: item
  10536. #: ./bashref.texi:6394
  10537. #, no-wrap
  10538. msgid "TIMEFORMAT"
  10539. msgstr ""
  10540. #. type: Plain text
  10541. #: ./bashref.texi:6403
  10542. msgid ""
  10543. "The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying how the "
  10544. "timing information for pipelines prefixed with the @code{time} reserved word "
  10545. "should be displayed. The @samp{%} character introduces an escape sequence "
  10546. "that is expanded to a time value or other information. The escape sequences "
  10547. "and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions."
  10548. msgstr ""
  10549. #. type: item
  10550. #: ./bashref.texi:6406
  10551. #, no-wrap
  10552. msgid "%%"
  10553. msgstr ""
  10554. #. type: table
  10555. #: ./bashref.texi:6408
  10556. msgid "A literal @samp{%}."
  10557. msgstr ""
  10558. #. type: item
  10559. #: ./bashref.texi:6409
  10560. #, no-wrap
  10561. msgid "%[@var{p}][l]R"
  10562. msgstr ""
  10563. #. type: table
  10564. #: ./bashref.texi:6411
  10565. msgid "The elapsed time in seconds."
  10566. msgstr ""
  10567. #. type: item
  10568. #: ./bashref.texi:6412
  10569. #, no-wrap
  10570. msgid "%[@var{p}][l]U"
  10571. msgstr ""
  10572. #. type: table
  10573. #: ./bashref.texi:6414
  10574. msgid "The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode."
  10575. msgstr ""
  10576. #. type: item
  10577. #: ./bashref.texi:6415
  10578. #, no-wrap
  10579. msgid "%[@var{p}][l]S"
  10580. msgstr ""
  10581. #. type: table
  10582. #: ./bashref.texi:6417
  10583. msgid "The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode."
  10584. msgstr ""
  10585. #. type: item
  10586. #: ./bashref.texi:6418
  10587. #, no-wrap
  10588. msgid "%P"
  10589. msgstr ""
  10590. #. type: table
  10591. #: ./bashref.texi:6420
  10592. msgid "The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R."
  10593. msgstr ""
  10594. #. type: Plain text
  10595. #: ./bashref.texi:6428
  10596. msgid ""
  10597. "The optional @var{p} is a digit specifying the precision, the number of "
  10598. "fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal "
  10599. "point or fraction to be output. At most three places after the decimal "
  10600. "point may be specified; values of @var{p} greater than 3 are changed to 3. "
  10601. "If @var{p} is not specified, the value 3 is used."
  10602. msgstr ""
  10603. #. type: Plain text
  10604. #: ./bashref.texi:6432
  10605. msgid ""
  10606. "The optional @code{l} specifies a longer format, including minutes, of the "
  10607. "form @var{MM}m@var{SS}.@var{FF}s. The value of @var{p} determines whether "
  10608. "or not the fraction is included."
  10609. msgstr ""
  10610. #. type: Plain text
  10611. #: ./bashref.texi:6434
  10612. msgid "If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value"
  10613. msgstr ""
  10614. #. type: example
  10615. #: ./bashref.texi:6436
  10616. #, no-wrap
  10617. msgid "@code{$'\\nreal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS'}\n"
  10618. msgstr ""
  10619. #. type: Plain text
  10620. #: ./bashref.texi:6439
  10621. msgid ""
  10622. "If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing "
  10623. "newline is added when the format string is displayed."
  10624. msgstr ""
  10625. #. type: item
  10626. #: ./bashref.texi:6440
  10627. #, no-wrap
  10628. msgid "TMOUT"
  10629. msgstr ""
  10630. #. type: Plain text
  10631. #: ./bashref.texi:6446
  10632. msgid ""
  10633. "If set to a value greater than zero, @code{TMOUT} is treated as the default "
  10634. "timeout for the @code{read} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}). The "
  10635. "@code{select} command (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}) terminates if input "
  10636. "does not arrive after @code{TMOUT} seconds when input is coming from a "
  10637. "terminal."
  10638. msgstr ""
  10639. #. type: Plain text
  10640. #: ./bashref.texi:6453
  10641. msgid ""
  10642. "In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds "
  10643. "to wait for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt. Bash "
  10644. "terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if a complete line of "
  10645. "input does not arrive."
  10646. msgstr ""
  10647. #. type: item
  10648. #: ./bashref.texi:6454
  10649. #, no-wrap
  10650. msgid "TMPDIR"
  10651. msgstr ""
  10652. #. type: Plain text
  10653. #: ./bashref.texi:6457
  10654. msgid ""
  10655. "If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which Bash creates "
  10656. "temporary files for the shell's use."
  10657. msgstr ""
  10658. #. type: item
  10659. #: ./bashref.texi:6458
  10660. #, no-wrap
  10661. msgid "UID"
  10662. msgstr ""
  10663. #. type: Plain text
  10664. #: ./bashref.texi:6460
  10665. msgid "The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly."
  10666. msgstr ""
  10667. #. type: Plain text
  10668. #: ./bashref.texi:6467
  10669. msgid "This chapter describes features unique to Bash."
  10670. msgstr ""
  10671. #. type: section
  10672. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:6487 ./bashref.texi:6488
  10673. #, no-wrap
  10674. msgid "Invoking Bash"
  10675. msgstr ""
  10676. #. type: menuentry
  10677. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10678. msgid "Command line options that you can give to Bash."
  10679. msgstr ""
  10680. #. type: section
  10681. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:6650 ./bashref.texi:6651
  10682. #, no-wrap
  10683. msgid "Bash Startup Files"
  10684. msgstr ""
  10685. #. type: menuentry
  10686. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10687. msgid "When and how Bash executes scripts."
  10688. msgstr ""
  10689. #. type: section
  10690. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:6768 ./bashref.texi:6769
  10691. #, no-wrap
  10692. msgid "Interactive Shells"
  10693. msgstr ""
  10694. #. type: menuentry
  10695. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10696. msgid "What an interactive shell is."
  10697. msgstr ""
  10698. #. type: section
  10699. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:6929 ./bashref.texi:6930
  10700. #, no-wrap
  10701. msgid "Bash Conditional Expressions"
  10702. msgstr ""
  10703. #. type: menuentry
  10704. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10705. msgid "Primitives used in composing expressions for the @code{test} builtin."
  10706. msgstr ""
  10707. #. type: section
  10708. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:7084 ./bashref.texi:7085
  10709. #, no-wrap
  10710. msgid "Shell Arithmetic"
  10711. msgstr ""
  10712. #. type: menuentry
  10713. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10714. msgid "Arithmetic on shell variables."
  10715. msgstr ""
  10716. #. type: section
  10717. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:7194 ./bashref.texi:7195
  10718. #, no-wrap
  10719. msgid "Aliases"
  10720. msgstr ""
  10721. #. type: menuentry
  10722. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10723. msgid "Substituting one command for another."
  10724. msgstr ""
  10725. #. type: section
  10726. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:7255 ./bashref.texi:7256
  10727. #, no-wrap
  10728. msgid "Arrays"
  10729. msgstr ""
  10730. #. type: menuentry
  10731. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10732. msgid "Array Variables."
  10733. msgstr ""
  10734. #. type: section
  10735. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:7409 ./bashref.texi:7410
  10736. #, no-wrap
  10737. msgid "The Directory Stack"
  10738. msgstr ""
  10739. #. type: menuentry
  10740. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10741. msgid "History of visited directories."
  10742. msgstr ""
  10743. #. type: section
  10744. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:7521 ./bashref.texi:7522
  10745. #, no-wrap
  10746. msgid "Controlling the Prompt"
  10747. msgstr ""
  10748. #. type: menuentry
  10749. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10750. msgid "Customizing the various prompt strings."
  10751. msgstr ""
  10752. #. type: section
  10753. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:7612 ./bashref.texi:7613
  10754. #, no-wrap
  10755. msgid "The Restricted Shell"
  10756. msgstr ""
  10757. #. type: menuentry
  10758. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10759. msgid "A more controlled mode of shell execution."
  10760. msgstr ""
  10761. #. type: section
  10762. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:7683 ./bashref.texi:7684
  10763. #, no-wrap
  10764. msgid "Bash POSIX Mode"
  10765. msgstr ""
  10766. #. type: menuentry
  10767. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10768. msgid "Making Bash behave more closely to what the POSIX standard specifies."
  10769. msgstr ""
  10770. #. type: section
  10771. #: ./bashref.texi:6485 ./bashref.texi:8010 ./bashref.texi:8011
  10772. #, no-wrap
  10773. msgid "Shell Compatibility Mode"
  10774. msgstr ""
  10775. #. type: menuentry
  10776. #: ./bashref.texi:6485
  10777. msgid ""
  10778. "How Bash supports behavior that was present in earlier versions and has "
  10779. "changed."
  10780. msgstr ""
  10781. #. type: example
  10782. #: ./bashref.texi:6497
  10783. #, no-wrap
  10784. msgid ""
  10785. "bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}]\n"
  10786. " [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]\n"
  10787. "bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}]\n"
  10788. " [-O @var{shopt_option}] -c @var{string} [@var{argument} @dots{}]\n"
  10789. "bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}]\n"
  10790. " [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]\n"
  10791. msgstr ""
  10792. #. type: Plain text
  10793. #: ./bashref.texi:6504
  10794. msgid ""
  10795. "All of the single-character options used with the @code{set} builtin "
  10796. "(@pxref{The Set Builtin}) can be used as options when the shell is invoked. "
  10797. "In addition, there are several multi-character options that you can use. "
  10798. "These options must appear on the command line before the single-character "
  10799. "options to be recognized."
  10800. msgstr ""
  10801. #. type: item
  10802. #: ./bashref.texi:6506
  10803. #, no-wrap
  10804. msgid "--debugger"
  10805. msgstr ""
  10806. #. type: table
  10807. #: ./bashref.texi:6511
  10808. msgid ""
  10809. "Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell starts. "
  10810. "Turns on extended debugging mode (see @ref{The Shopt Builtin} for a "
  10811. "description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt} builtin)."
  10812. msgstr ""
  10813. #. type: item
  10814. #: ./bashref.texi:6512
  10815. #, no-wrap
  10816. msgid "--dump-po-strings"
  10817. msgstr ""
  10818. #. type: table
  10819. #: ./bashref.texi:6517
  10820. msgid ""
  10821. "A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by @samp{$} is printed on the "
  10822. "standard output in the @sc{gnu} @code{gettext} PO (portable object) file "
  10823. "format. Equivalent to @option{-D} except for the output format."
  10824. msgstr ""
  10825. #. type: item
  10826. #: ./bashref.texi:6518
  10827. #, no-wrap
  10828. msgid "--dump-strings"
  10829. msgstr ""
  10830. #. type: table
  10831. #: ./bashref.texi:6520
  10832. msgid "Equivalent to @option{-D}."
  10833. msgstr ""
  10834. #. type: item
  10835. #: ./bashref.texi:6521 ./bashref.texi:8738
  10836. #, no-wrap
  10837. msgid "--help"
  10838. msgstr ""
  10839. #. type: table
  10840. #: ./bashref.texi:6523
  10841. msgid "Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully."
  10842. msgstr ""
  10843. #. type: item
  10844. #: ./bashref.texi:6524
  10845. #, no-wrap
  10846. msgid "--init-file @var{filename}"
  10847. msgstr ""
  10848. #. type: itemx
  10849. #: ./bashref.texi:6525
  10850. #, no-wrap
  10851. msgid "--rcfile @var{filename}"
  10852. msgstr ""
  10853. #. type: table
  10854. #: ./bashref.texi:6528
  10855. msgid ""
  10856. "Execute commands from @var{filename} (instead of @file{~/.bashrc}) in an "
  10857. "interactive shell."
  10858. msgstr ""
  10859. #. type: item
  10860. #: ./bashref.texi:6529
  10861. #, no-wrap
  10862. msgid "--login"
  10863. msgstr ""
  10864. #. type: table
  10865. #: ./bashref.texi:6531
  10866. msgid "Equivalent to @option{-l}."
  10867. msgstr ""
  10868. #. type: item
  10869. #: ./bashref.texi:6532
  10870. #, no-wrap
  10871. msgid "--noediting"
  10872. msgstr ""
  10873. #. type: table
  10874. #: ./bashref.texi:6535
  10875. msgid ""
  10876. "Do not use the @sc{gnu} Readline library (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) to "
  10877. "read command lines when the shell is interactive."
  10878. msgstr ""
  10879. #. type: item
  10880. #: ./bashref.texi:6536
  10881. #, no-wrap
  10882. msgid "--noprofile"
  10883. msgstr ""
  10884. #. type: table
  10885. #: ./bashref.texi:6541
  10886. msgid ""
  10887. "Don't load the system-wide startup file @file{/etc/profile} or any of the "
  10888. "personal initialization files @file{~/.bash_profile}, @file{~/.bash_login}, "
  10889. "or @file{~/.profile} when Bash is invoked as a login shell."
  10890. msgstr ""
  10891. #. type: item
  10892. #: ./bashref.texi:6542
  10893. #, no-wrap
  10894. msgid "--norc"
  10895. msgstr ""
  10896. #. type: table
  10897. #: ./bashref.texi:6546
  10898. msgid ""
  10899. "Don't read the @file{~/.bashrc} initialization file in an interactive "
  10900. "shell. This is on by default if the shell is invoked as @code{sh}."
  10901. msgstr ""
  10902. #. type: item
  10903. #: ./bashref.texi:6547
  10904. #, no-wrap
  10905. msgid "--posix"
  10906. msgstr ""
  10907. #. type: table
  10908. #: ./bashref.texi:6553
  10909. msgid ""
  10910. "Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the "
  10911. "@sc{posix} standard to match the standard. This is intended to make Bash "
  10912. "behave as a strict superset of that standard. @xref{Bash POSIX Mode}, for a "
  10913. "description of the Bash @sc{posix} mode."
  10914. msgstr ""
  10915. #. type: item
  10916. #: ./bashref.texi:6554
  10917. #, no-wrap
  10918. msgid "--restricted"
  10919. msgstr ""
  10920. #. type: table
  10921. #: ./bashref.texi:6556 ./bashref.texi:6595
  10922. msgid "Make the shell a restricted shell (@pxref{The Restricted Shell})."
  10923. msgstr ""
  10924. #. type: item
  10925. #: ./bashref.texi:6557
  10926. #, no-wrap
  10927. msgid "--verbose"
  10928. msgstr ""
  10929. #. type: table
  10930. #: ./bashref.texi:6559
  10931. msgid "Equivalent to @option{-v}. Print shell input lines as they're read."
  10932. msgstr ""
  10933. #. type: item
  10934. #: ./bashref.texi:6560 ./bashref.texi:8750
  10935. #, no-wrap
  10936. msgid "--version"
  10937. msgstr ""
  10938. #. type: table
  10939. #: ./bashref.texi:6563
  10940. msgid ""
  10941. "Show version information for this instance of Bash on the standard output "
  10942. "and exit successfully."
  10943. msgstr ""
  10944. #. type: Plain text
  10945. #: ./bashref.texi:6567
  10946. msgid ""
  10947. "There are several single-character options that may be supplied at "
  10948. "invocation which are not available with the @code{set} builtin."
  10949. msgstr ""
  10950. #. type: table
  10951. #: ./bashref.texi:6577
  10952. msgid ""
  10953. "Read and execute commands from the first non-option argument "
  10954. "@var{command_string}, then exit. If there are arguments after the "
  10955. "@var{command_string}, the first argument is assigned to @code{$0} and any "
  10956. "remaining arguments are assigned to the positional parameters. The "
  10957. "assignment to @code{$0} sets the name of the shell, which is used in warning "
  10958. "and error messages."
  10959. msgstr ""
  10960. #. type: table
  10961. #: ./bashref.texi:6581
  10962. msgid ""
  10963. "Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are described in "
  10964. "@ref{Interactive Shells}."
  10965. msgstr ""
  10966. #. type: table
  10967. #: ./bashref.texi:6592
  10968. msgid ""
  10969. "Make this shell act as if it had been directly invoked by login. When the "
  10970. "shell is interactive, this is equivalent to starting a login shell with "
  10971. "@samp{exec -l bash}. When the shell is not interactive, the login shell "
  10972. "startup files will be executed. @samp{exec bash -l} or @samp{exec bash "
  10973. "--login} will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell. @xref{Bash "
  10974. "Startup Files}, for a description of the special behavior of a login shell."
  10975. msgstr ""
  10976. #. type: table
  10977. #: ./bashref.texi:6602
  10978. msgid ""
  10979. "If this option is present, or if no arguments remain after option "
  10980. "processing, then commands are read from the standard input. This option "
  10981. "allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an interactive "
  10982. "shell or when reading input through a pipe."
  10983. msgstr ""
  10984. #. type: item
  10985. #: ./bashref.texi:6603
  10986. #, no-wrap
  10987. msgid "-D"
  10988. msgstr ""
  10989. #. type: table
  10990. #: ./bashref.texi:6610
  10991. msgid ""
  10992. "A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by @samp{$} is printed on the "
  10993. "standard output. These are the strings that are subject to language "
  10994. "translation when the current locale is not @code{C} or @code{POSIX} "
  10995. "(@pxref{Locale Translation}). This implies the @option{-n} option; no "
  10996. "commands will be executed."
  10997. msgstr ""
  10998. #. type: item
  10999. #: ./bashref.texi:6611
  11000. #, no-wrap
  11001. msgid "[-+]O [@var{shopt_option}]"
  11002. msgstr ""
  11003. #. type: table
  11004. #: ./bashref.texi:6620
  11005. msgid ""
  11006. "@var{shopt_option} is one of the shell options accepted by the @code{shopt} "
  11007. "builtin (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}). If @var{shopt_option} is present, "
  11008. "@option{-O} sets the value of that option; @option{+O} unsets it. If "
  11009. "@var{shopt_option} is not supplied, the names and values of the shell "
  11010. "options accepted by @code{shopt} are printed on the standard output. If the "
  11011. "invocation option is @option{+O}, the output is displayed in a format that "
  11012. "may be reused as input."
  11013. msgstr ""
  11014. #. type: table
  11015. #: ./bashref.texi:6625
  11016. msgid ""
  11017. "A @code{--} signals the end of options and disables further option "
  11018. "processing. Any arguments after the @code{--} are treated as filenames and "
  11019. "arguments."
  11020. msgstr ""
  11021. #. type: cindex
  11022. #: ./bashref.texi:6627
  11023. #, no-wrap
  11024. msgid "login shell"
  11025. msgstr ""
  11026. #. type: Plain text
  11027. #: ./bashref.texi:6630
  11028. msgid ""
  11029. "A @emph{login} shell is one whose first character of argument zero is "
  11030. "@samp{-}, or one invoked with the @option{--login} option."
  11031. msgstr ""
  11032. #. type: cindex
  11033. #: ./bashref.texi:6631 ./bashref.texi:6770
  11034. #, no-wrap
  11035. msgid "interactive shell"
  11036. msgstr ""
  11037. #. type: Plain text
  11038. #: ./bashref.texi:6638
  11039. msgid ""
  11040. "An @emph{interactive} shell is one started without non-option arguments, "
  11041. "unless @option{-s} is specified, without specifying the @option{-c} option, "
  11042. "and whose input and output are both connected to terminals (as determined by "
  11043. "@code{isatty(3)}), or one started with the @option{-i} option. "
  11044. "@xref{Interactive Shells}, for more information."
  11045. msgstr ""
  11046. #. type: Plain text
  11047. #: ./bashref.texi:6649
  11048. msgid ""
  11049. "If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the @option{-c} nor "
  11050. "the @option{-s} option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to "
  11051. "be the name of a file containing shell commands (@pxref{Shell Scripts}). "
  11052. "When Bash is invoked in this fashion, @code{$0} is set to the name of the "
  11053. "file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. "
  11054. "Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. Bash's exit "
  11055. "status is the exit status of the last command executed in the script. If no "
  11056. "commands are executed, the exit status is 0."
  11057. msgstr ""
  11058. #. type: cindex
  11059. #: ./bashref.texi:6652
  11060. #, no-wrap
  11061. msgid "startup files"
  11062. msgstr ""
  11063. #. type: Plain text
  11064. #: ./bashref.texi:6658
  11065. msgid ""
  11066. "This section describes how Bash executes its startup files. If any of the "
  11067. "files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error. Tildes are expanded "
  11068. "in filenames as described above under Tilde Expansion (@pxref{Tilde "
  11069. "Expansion})."
  11070. msgstr ""
  11071. #. type: Plain text
  11072. #: ./bashref.texi:6660
  11073. msgid "Interactive shells are described in @ref{Interactive Shells}."
  11074. msgstr ""
  11075. #. type: subsubheading
  11076. #: ./bashref.texi:6661
  11077. #, no-wrap
  11078. msgid "Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with @option{--login}"
  11079. msgstr ""
  11080. #. type: Plain text
  11081. #: ./bashref.texi:6671
  11082. msgid ""
  11083. "When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive "
  11084. "shell with the @option{--login} option, it first reads and executes commands "
  11085. "from the file @file{/etc/profile}, if that file exists. After reading that "
  11086. "file, it looks for @file{~/.bash_profile}, @file{~/.bash_login}, and "
  11087. "@file{~/.profile}, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the "
  11088. "first one that exists and is readable. The @option{--noprofile} option may "
  11089. "be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior."
  11090. msgstr ""
  11091. #. type: Plain text
  11092. #: ./bashref.texi:6676
  11093. msgid ""
  11094. "When an interactive login shell exits, or a non-interactive login shell "
  11095. "executes the @code{exit} builtin command, Bash reads and executes commands "
  11096. "from the file @file{~/.bash_logout}, if it exists."
  11097. msgstr ""
  11098. #. type: subsubheading
  11099. #: ./bashref.texi:6677
  11100. #, no-wrap
  11101. msgid "Invoked as an interactive non-login shell"
  11102. msgstr ""
  11103. #. type: Plain text
  11104. #: ./bashref.texi:6684
  11105. msgid ""
  11106. "When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash reads "
  11107. "and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that file exists. This may "
  11108. "be inhibited by using the @option{--norc} option. The @option{--rcfile "
  11109. "@var{file}} option will force Bash to read and execute commands from "
  11110. "@var{file} instead of @file{~/.bashrc}."
  11111. msgstr ""
  11112. #. type: Plain text
  11113. #: ./bashref.texi:6686
  11114. msgid "So, typically, your @file{~/.bash_profile} contains the line"
  11115. msgstr ""
  11116. #. type: example
  11117. #: ./bashref.texi:6688
  11118. #, no-wrap
  11119. msgid "@code{if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi}\n"
  11120. msgstr ""
  11121. #. type: Plain text
  11122. #: ./bashref.texi:6691
  11123. msgid "after (or before) any login-specific initializations."
  11124. msgstr ""
  11125. #. type: subsubheading
  11126. #: ./bashref.texi:6692
  11127. #, no-wrap
  11128. msgid "Invoked non-interactively"
  11129. msgstr ""
  11130. #. type: Plain text
  11131. #: ./bashref.texi:6699
  11132. msgid ""
  11133. "When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for example, "
  11134. "it looks for the variable @env{BASH_ENV} in the environment, expands its "
  11135. "value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file "
  11136. "to read and execute. Bash behaves as if the following command were "
  11137. "executed:"
  11138. msgstr ""
  11139. #. type: example
  11140. #: ./bashref.texi:6701
  11141. #, no-wrap
  11142. msgid "@code{if [ -n \"$BASH_ENV\" ]; then . \"$BASH_ENV\"; fi}\n"
  11143. msgstr ""
  11144. #. type: Plain text
  11145. #: ./bashref.texi:6705
  11146. msgid ""
  11147. "but the value of the @env{PATH} variable is not used to search for the "
  11148. "filename."
  11149. msgstr ""
  11150. #. type: Plain text
  11151. #: ./bashref.texi:6709
  11152. msgid ""
  11153. "As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the "
  11154. "@option{--login} option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the "
  11155. "login shell startup files."
  11156. msgstr ""
  11157. #. type: subsubheading
  11158. #: ./bashref.texi:6710
  11159. #, no-wrap
  11160. msgid "Invoked with name @code{sh}"
  11161. msgstr ""
  11162. #. type: Plain text
  11163. #: ./bashref.texi:6715
  11164. msgid ""
  11165. "If Bash is invoked with the name @code{sh}, it tries to mimic the startup "
  11166. "behavior of historical versions of @code{sh} as closely as possible, while "
  11167. "conforming to the @sc{posix} standard as well."
  11168. msgstr ""
  11169. #. type: Plain text
  11170. #: ./bashref.texi:6729
  11171. msgid ""
  11172. "When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell "
  11173. "with the @option{--login} option, it first attempts to read and execute "
  11174. "commands from @file{/etc/profile} and @file{~/.profile}, in that order. The "
  11175. "@option{--noprofile} option may be used to inhibit this behavior. When "
  11176. "invoked as an interactive shell with the name @code{sh}, Bash looks for the "
  11177. "variable @env{ENV}, expands its value if it is defined, and uses the "
  11178. "expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute. Since a shell "
  11179. "invoked as @code{sh} does not attempt to read and execute commands from any "
  11180. "other startup files, the @option{--rcfile} option has no effect. A "
  11181. "non-interactive shell invoked with the name @code{sh} does not attempt to "
  11182. "read any other startup files."
  11183. msgstr ""
  11184. #. type: Plain text
  11185. #: ./bashref.texi:6732
  11186. msgid ""
  11187. "When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after the startup "
  11188. "files are read."
  11189. msgstr ""
  11190. #. type: subsubheading
  11191. #: ./bashref.texi:6733
  11192. #, no-wrap
  11193. msgid "Invoked in @sc{posix} mode"
  11194. msgstr ""
  11195. #. type: Plain text
  11196. #: ./bashref.texi:6742
  11197. msgid ""
  11198. "When Bash is started in @sc{posix} mode, as with the @option{--posix} "
  11199. "command line option, it follows the @sc{posix} standard for startup files. "
  11200. "In this mode, interactive shells expand the @env{ENV} variable and commands "
  11201. "are read and executed from the file whose name is the expanded value. No "
  11202. "other startup files are read."
  11203. msgstr ""
  11204. #. type: subsubheading
  11205. #: ./bashref.texi:6743
  11206. #, no-wrap
  11207. msgid "Invoked by remote shell daemon"
  11208. msgstr ""
  11209. #. type: Plain text
  11210. #: ./bashref.texi:6756
  11211. msgid ""
  11212. "Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input "
  11213. "connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell "
  11214. "daemon, usually @code{rshd}, or the secure shell daemon @code{sshd}. If "
  11215. "Bash determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes "
  11216. "commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that file exists and is readable. It "
  11217. "will not do this if invoked as @code{sh}. The @option{--norc} option may be "
  11218. "used to inhibit this behavior, and the @option{--rcfile} option may be used "
  11219. "to force another file to be read, but neither @code{rshd} nor @code{sshd} "
  11220. "generally invoke the shell with those options or allow them to be specified."
  11221. msgstr ""
  11222. #. type: subsubheading
  11223. #: ./bashref.texi:6757
  11224. #, no-wrap
  11225. msgid "Invoked with unequal effective and real @sc{uid/gid}s"
  11226. msgstr ""
  11227. #. type: Plain text
  11228. #: ./bashref.texi:6767
  11229. msgid ""
  11230. "If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the real "
  11231. "user (group) id, and the @option{-p} option is not supplied, no startup "
  11232. "files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, the "
  11233. "@env{SHELLOPTS}, @env{BASHOPTS}, @env{CDPATH}, and @env{GLOBIGNORE} "
  11234. "variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective "
  11235. "user id is set to the real user id. If the @option{-p} option is supplied "
  11236. "at invocation, the startup behavior is the same, but the effective user id "
  11237. "is not reset."
  11238. msgstr ""
  11239. #. type: cindex
  11240. #: ./bashref.texi:6771
  11241. #, no-wrap
  11242. msgid "shell, interactive"
  11243. msgstr ""
  11244. #. type: subsection
  11245. #: ./bashref.texi:6777 ./bashref.texi:6779 ./bashref.texi:6780
  11246. #, no-wrap
  11247. msgid "What is an Interactive Shell?"
  11248. msgstr ""
  11249. #. type: menuentry
  11250. #: ./bashref.texi:6777
  11251. msgid "What determines whether a shell is Interactive."
  11252. msgstr ""
  11253. #. type: subsection
  11254. #: ./bashref.texi:6777 ./bashref.texi:6795 ./bashref.texi:6796
  11255. #, no-wrap
  11256. msgid "Is this Shell Interactive?"
  11257. msgstr ""
  11258. #. type: menuentry
  11259. #: ./bashref.texi:6777
  11260. msgid "How to tell if a shell is interactive."
  11261. msgstr ""
  11262. #. type: subsection
  11263. #: ./bashref.texi:6777 ./bashref.texi:6822 ./bashref.texi:6823
  11264. #, no-wrap
  11265. msgid "Interactive Shell Behavior"
  11266. msgstr ""
  11267. #. type: menuentry
  11268. #: ./bashref.texi:6777
  11269. msgid "What changes in a interactive shell?"
  11270. msgstr ""
  11271. #. type: Plain text
  11272. #: ./bashref.texi:6788
  11273. msgid ""
  11274. "An interactive shell is one started without non-option arguments, unless "
  11275. "@option{-s} is specified, without specifying the @option{-c} option, and "
  11276. "whose input and error output are both connected to terminals (as determined "
  11277. "by @code{isatty(3)}), or one started with the @option{-i} option."
  11278. msgstr ""
  11279. #. type: Plain text
  11280. #: ./bashref.texi:6791
  11281. msgid "An interactive shell generally reads from and writes to a user's terminal."
  11282. msgstr ""
  11283. #. type: Plain text
  11284. #: ./bashref.texi:6794
  11285. msgid ""
  11286. "The @option{-s} invocation option may be used to set the positional "
  11287. "parameters when an interactive shell is started."
  11288. msgstr ""
  11289. #. type: Plain text
  11290. #: ./bashref.texi:6802
  11291. msgid ""
  11292. "To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is running "
  11293. "interactively, test the value of the @samp{-} special parameter. It "
  11294. "contains @code{i} when the shell is interactive. For example:"
  11295. msgstr ""
  11296. #. type: example
  11297. #: ./bashref.texi:6808
  11298. #, no-wrap
  11299. msgid ""
  11300. "case \"$-\" in\n"
  11301. "*i*)\techo This shell is interactive ;;\n"
  11302. "*)\techo This shell is not interactive ;;\n"
  11303. "esac\n"
  11304. msgstr ""
  11305. #. type: Plain text
  11306. #: ./bashref.texi:6813
  11307. msgid ""
  11308. "Alternatively, startup scripts may examine the variable @env{PS1}; it is "
  11309. "unset in non-interactive shells, and set in interactive shells. Thus:"
  11310. msgstr ""
  11311. #. type: example
  11312. #: ./bashref.texi:6820
  11313. #, no-wrap
  11314. msgid ""
  11315. "if [ -z \"$PS1\" ]; then\n"
  11316. " echo This shell is not interactive\n"
  11317. "else\n"
  11318. " echo This shell is interactive\n"
  11319. "fi\n"
  11320. msgstr ""
  11321. #. type: Plain text
  11322. #: ./bashref.texi:6827
  11323. msgid ""
  11324. "When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in several "
  11325. "ways."
  11326. msgstr ""
  11327. #. type: enumerate
  11328. #: ./bashref.texi:6831
  11329. msgid ""
  11330. "Startup files are read and executed as described in @ref{Bash Startup "
  11331. "Files}."
  11332. msgstr ""
  11333. #. type: enumerate
  11334. #: ./bashref.texi:6836
  11335. msgid ""
  11336. "Job Control (@pxref{Job Control}) is enabled by default. When job control "
  11337. "is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control signals "
  11338. "@code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}."
  11339. msgstr ""
  11340. #. type: enumerate
  11341. #: ./bashref.texi:6845
  11342. msgid ""
  11343. "Bash expands and displays @env{PS1} before reading the first line of a "
  11344. "command, and expands and displays @env{PS2} before reading the second and "
  11345. "subsequent lines of a multi-line command. Bash expands and displays "
  11346. "@env{PS0} after it reads a command but before executing it. See "
  11347. "@ref{Controlling the Prompt}, for a complete list of prompt string escape "
  11348. "sequences."
  11349. msgstr ""
  11350. #. type: enumerate
  11351. #: ./bashref.texi:6850
  11352. msgid ""
  11353. "Bash executes the values of the set elements of the @env{PROMPT_COMMANDS} "
  11354. "array variable as commands before printing the primary prompt, @env{$PS1} "
  11355. "(@pxref{Bash Variables})."
  11356. msgstr ""
  11357. #. type: enumerate
  11358. #: ./bashref.texi:6854
  11359. msgid ""
  11360. "Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) is used to read commands from the "
  11361. "user's terminal."
  11362. msgstr ""
  11363. #. type: enumerate
  11364. #: ./bashref.texi:6859
  11365. msgid ""
  11366. "Bash inspects the value of the @code{ignoreeof} option to @code{set -o} "
  11367. "instead of exiting immediately when it receives an @code{EOF} on its "
  11368. "standard input when reading a command (@pxref{The Set Builtin})."
  11369. msgstr ""
  11370. #. type: enumerate
  11371. #: ./bashref.texi:6866
  11372. msgid ""
  11373. "Command history (@pxref{Bash History Facilities}) and history expansion "
  11374. "(@pxref{History Interaction}) are enabled by default. Bash will save the "
  11375. "command history to the file named by @env{$HISTFILE} when a shell with "
  11376. "history enabled exits."
  11377. msgstr ""
  11378. #. type: enumerate
  11379. #: ./bashref.texi:6869
  11380. msgid "Alias expansion (@pxref{Aliases}) is performed by default."
  11381. msgstr ""
  11382. #. type: enumerate
  11383. #: ./bashref.texi:6873
  11384. msgid "In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores @code{SIGTERM} (@pxref{Signals})."
  11385. msgstr ""
  11386. #. type: enumerate
  11387. #: ./bashref.texi:6878
  11388. msgid ""
  11389. "In the absence of any traps, @code{SIGINT} is caught and handled "
  11390. "(@pxref{Signals}). @code{SIGINT} will interrupt some shell builtins."
  11391. msgstr ""
  11392. #. type: enumerate
  11393. #: ./bashref.texi:6882
  11394. msgid ""
  11395. "An interactive login shell sends a @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs on exit if the "
  11396. "@code{huponexit} shell option has been enabled (@pxref{Signals})."
  11397. msgstr ""
  11398. #. type: enumerate
  11399. #: ./bashref.texi:6886
  11400. msgid ""
  11401. "The @option{-n} invocation option is ignored, and @samp{set -n} has no "
  11402. "effect (@pxref{The Set Builtin})."
  11403. msgstr ""
  11404. #. type: enumerate
  11405. #: ./bashref.texi:6891
  11406. msgid ""
  11407. "Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the "
  11408. "@env{MAIL}, @env{MAILPATH}, and @env{MAILCHECK} shell variables (@pxref{Bash "
  11409. "Variables})."
  11410. msgstr ""
  11411. #. type: enumerate
  11412. #: ./bashref.texi:6896
  11413. msgid ""
  11414. "Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after "
  11415. "@samp{set -u} has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit (@pxref{The "
  11416. "Set Builtin})."
  11417. msgstr ""
  11418. #. type: enumerate
  11419. #: ./bashref.texi:6901
  11420. msgid ""
  11421. "The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by @var{var} being unset "
  11422. "or null in @code{$@{@var{var}:?@var{word}@}} expansions (@pxref{Shell "
  11423. "Parameter Expansion})."
  11424. msgstr ""
  11425. #. type: enumerate
  11426. #: ./bashref.texi:6905
  11427. msgid ""
  11428. "Redirection errors encountered by shell builtins will not cause the shell to "
  11429. "exit."
  11430. msgstr ""
  11431. #. type: enumerate
  11432. #: ./bashref.texi:6909
  11433. msgid ""
  11434. "When running in @sc{posix} mode, a special builtin returning an error status "
  11435. "will not cause the shell to exit (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode})."
  11436. msgstr ""
  11437. #. type: enumerate
  11438. #: ./bashref.texi:6913
  11439. msgid ""
  11440. "A failed @code{exec} will not cause the shell to exit (@pxref{Bourne Shell "
  11441. "Builtins})."
  11442. msgstr ""
  11443. #. type: enumerate
  11444. #: ./bashref.texi:6916
  11445. msgid "Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit."
  11446. msgstr ""
  11447. #. type: enumerate
  11448. #: ./bashref.texi:6921
  11449. msgid ""
  11450. "Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the @code{cd} builtin "
  11451. "is enabled by default (see the description of the @code{cdspell} option to "
  11452. "the @code{shopt} builtin in @ref{The Shopt Builtin})."
  11453. msgstr ""
  11454. #. type: enumerate
  11455. #: ./bashref.texi:6926
  11456. msgid ""
  11457. "The shell will check the value of the @env{TMOUT} variable and exit if a "
  11458. "command is not read within the specified number of seconds after printing "
  11459. "@env{$PS1} (@pxref{Bash Variables})."
  11460. msgstr ""
  11461. #. type: cindex
  11462. #: ./bashref.texi:6931
  11463. #, no-wrap
  11464. msgid "expressions, conditional"
  11465. msgstr ""
  11466. #. type: Plain text
  11467. #: ./bashref.texi:6938
  11468. msgid ""
  11469. "Conditional expressions are used by the @code{[[} compound command and the "
  11470. "@code{test} and @code{[} builtin commands. The @code{test} and @code{[} "
  11471. "commands determine their behavior based on the number of arguments; see the "
  11472. "descriptions of those commands for any other command-specific actions."
  11473. msgstr ""
  11474. #. type: Plain text
  11475. #: ./bashref.texi:6953
  11476. msgid ""
  11477. "Expressions may be unary or binary, and are formed from the following "
  11478. "primaries. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a "
  11479. "file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. "
  11480. "Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in expressions. "
  11481. "If the operating system on which Bash is running provides these special "
  11482. "files, Bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them internally with "
  11483. "this behavior: If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is of the "
  11484. "form @file{/dev/fd/@var{N}}, then file descriptor @var{N} is checked. If "
  11485. "the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is one of @file{/dev/stdin}, "
  11486. "@file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr}, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, "
  11487. "respectively, is checked."
  11488. msgstr ""
  11489. #. type: Plain text
  11490. #: ./bashref.texi:6957
  11491. msgid ""
  11492. "When used with @code{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort "
  11493. "lexicographically using the current locale. The @code{test} command uses "
  11494. "ASCII ordering."
  11495. msgstr ""
  11496. #. type: Plain text
  11497. #: ./bashref.texi:6960
  11498. msgid ""
  11499. "Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic "
  11500. "links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself."
  11501. msgstr ""
  11502. #. type: item
  11503. #: ./bashref.texi:6962
  11504. #, no-wrap
  11505. msgid "-a @var{file}"
  11506. msgstr ""
  11507. #. type: table
  11508. #: ./bashref.texi:6964 ./bashref.texi:6976
  11509. msgid "True if @var{file} exists."
  11510. msgstr ""
  11511. #. type: item
  11512. #: ./bashref.texi:6965
  11513. #, no-wrap
  11514. msgid "-b @var{file}"
  11515. msgstr ""
  11516. #. type: table
  11517. #: ./bashref.texi:6967
  11518. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is a block special file."
  11519. msgstr ""
  11520. #. type: item
  11521. #: ./bashref.texi:6968
  11522. #, no-wrap
  11523. msgid "-c @var{file}"
  11524. msgstr ""
  11525. #. type: table
  11526. #: ./bashref.texi:6970
  11527. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is a character special file."
  11528. msgstr ""
  11529. #. type: item
  11530. #: ./bashref.texi:6971
  11531. #, no-wrap
  11532. msgid "-d @var{file}"
  11533. msgstr ""
  11534. #. type: table
  11535. #: ./bashref.texi:6973
  11536. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is a directory."
  11537. msgstr ""
  11538. #. type: item
  11539. #: ./bashref.texi:6974
  11540. #, no-wrap
  11541. msgid "-e @var{file}"
  11542. msgstr ""
  11543. #. type: item
  11544. #: ./bashref.texi:6977
  11545. #, no-wrap
  11546. msgid "-f @var{file}"
  11547. msgstr ""
  11548. #. type: table
  11549. #: ./bashref.texi:6979
  11550. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is a regular file."
  11551. msgstr ""
  11552. #. type: item
  11553. #: ./bashref.texi:6980
  11554. #, no-wrap
  11555. msgid "-g @var{file}"
  11556. msgstr ""
  11557. #. type: table
  11558. #: ./bashref.texi:6982
  11559. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and its set-group-id bit is set."
  11560. msgstr ""
  11561. #. type: item
  11562. #: ./bashref.texi:6983
  11563. #, no-wrap
  11564. msgid "-h @var{file}"
  11565. msgstr ""
  11566. #. type: table
  11567. #: ./bashref.texi:6985 ./bashref.texi:7015
  11568. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is a symbolic link."
  11569. msgstr ""
  11570. #. type: item
  11571. #: ./bashref.texi:6986
  11572. #, no-wrap
  11573. msgid "-k @var{file}"
  11574. msgstr ""
  11575. #. type: table
  11576. #: ./bashref.texi:6988
  11577. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and its \"sticky\" bit is set."
  11578. msgstr ""
  11579. #. type: item
  11580. #: ./bashref.texi:6989
  11581. #, no-wrap
  11582. msgid "-p @var{file}"
  11583. msgstr ""
  11584. #. type: table
  11585. #: ./bashref.texi:6991
  11586. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is a named pipe (FIFO)."
  11587. msgstr ""
  11588. #. type: item
  11589. #: ./bashref.texi:6992
  11590. #, no-wrap
  11591. msgid "-r @var{file}"
  11592. msgstr ""
  11593. #. type: table
  11594. #: ./bashref.texi:6994
  11595. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is readable."
  11596. msgstr ""
  11597. #. type: item
  11598. #: ./bashref.texi:6995
  11599. #, no-wrap
  11600. msgid "-s @var{file}"
  11601. msgstr ""
  11602. #. type: table
  11603. #: ./bashref.texi:6997
  11604. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and has a size greater than zero."
  11605. msgstr ""
  11606. #. type: item
  11607. #: ./bashref.texi:6998
  11608. #, no-wrap
  11609. msgid "-t @var{fd}"
  11610. msgstr ""
  11611. #. type: table
  11612. #: ./bashref.texi:7000
  11613. msgid "True if file descriptor @var{fd} is open and refers to a terminal."
  11614. msgstr ""
  11615. #. type: item
  11616. #: ./bashref.texi:7001
  11617. #, no-wrap
  11618. msgid "-u @var{file}"
  11619. msgstr ""
  11620. #. type: table
  11621. #: ./bashref.texi:7003
  11622. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and its set-user-id bit is set."
  11623. msgstr ""
  11624. #. type: item
  11625. #: ./bashref.texi:7004
  11626. #, no-wrap
  11627. msgid "-w @var{file}"
  11628. msgstr ""
  11629. #. type: table
  11630. #: ./bashref.texi:7006
  11631. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is writable."
  11632. msgstr ""
  11633. #. type: item
  11634. #: ./bashref.texi:7007
  11635. #, no-wrap
  11636. msgid "-x @var{file}"
  11637. msgstr ""
  11638. #. type: table
  11639. #: ./bashref.texi:7009
  11640. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is executable."
  11641. msgstr ""
  11642. #. type: item
  11643. #: ./bashref.texi:7010
  11644. #, no-wrap
  11645. msgid "-G @var{file}"
  11646. msgstr ""
  11647. #. type: table
  11648. #: ./bashref.texi:7012
  11649. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective group id."
  11650. msgstr ""
  11651. #. type: item
  11652. #: ./bashref.texi:7013
  11653. #, no-wrap
  11654. msgid "-L @var{file}"
  11655. msgstr ""
  11656. #. type: item
  11657. #: ./bashref.texi:7016
  11658. #, no-wrap
  11659. msgid "-N @var{file}"
  11660. msgstr ""
  11661. #. type: table
  11662. #: ./bashref.texi:7018
  11663. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and has been modified since it was last read."
  11664. msgstr ""
  11665. #. type: item
  11666. #: ./bashref.texi:7019
  11667. #, no-wrap
  11668. msgid "-O @var{file}"
  11669. msgstr ""
  11670. #. type: table
  11671. #: ./bashref.texi:7021
  11672. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective user id."
  11673. msgstr ""
  11674. #. type: item
  11675. #: ./bashref.texi:7022
  11676. #, no-wrap
  11677. msgid "-S @var{file}"
  11678. msgstr ""
  11679. #. type: table
  11680. #: ./bashref.texi:7024
  11681. msgid "True if @var{file} exists and is a socket."
  11682. msgstr ""
  11683. #. type: item
  11684. #: ./bashref.texi:7025
  11685. #, no-wrap
  11686. msgid "@var{file1} -ef @var{file2}"
  11687. msgstr ""
  11688. #. type: table
  11689. #: ./bashref.texi:7028
  11690. msgid ""
  11691. "True if @var{file1} and @var{file2} refer to the same device and inode "
  11692. "numbers."
  11693. msgstr ""
  11694. #. type: item
  11695. #: ./bashref.texi:7029
  11696. #, no-wrap
  11697. msgid "@var{file1} -nt @var{file2}"
  11698. msgstr ""
  11699. #. type: table
  11700. #: ./bashref.texi:7032
  11701. msgid ""
  11702. "True if @var{file1} is newer (according to modification date) than "
  11703. "@var{file2}, or if @var{file1} exists and @var{file2} does not."
  11704. msgstr ""
  11705. #. type: item
  11706. #: ./bashref.texi:7033
  11707. #, no-wrap
  11708. msgid "@var{file1} -ot @var{file2}"
  11709. msgstr ""
  11710. #. type: table
  11711. #: ./bashref.texi:7036
  11712. msgid ""
  11713. "True if @var{file1} is older than @var{file2}, or if @var{file2} exists and "
  11714. "@var{file1} does not."
  11715. msgstr ""
  11716. #. type: item
  11717. #: ./bashref.texi:7037
  11718. #, no-wrap
  11719. msgid "-o @var{optname}"
  11720. msgstr ""
  11721. #. type: table
  11722. #: ./bashref.texi:7041
  11723. msgid ""
  11724. "True if the shell option @var{optname} is enabled. The list of options "
  11725. "appears in the description of the @option{-o} option to the @code{set} "
  11726. "builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin})."
  11727. msgstr ""
  11728. #. type: item
  11729. #: ./bashref.texi:7042
  11730. #, no-wrap
  11731. msgid "-v @var{varname}"
  11732. msgstr ""
  11733. #. type: table
  11734. #: ./bashref.texi:7044
  11735. msgid "True if the shell variable @var{varname} is set (has been assigned a value)."
  11736. msgstr ""
  11737. #. type: item
  11738. #: ./bashref.texi:7045
  11739. #, no-wrap
  11740. msgid "-R @var{varname}"
  11741. msgstr ""
  11742. #. type: table
  11743. #: ./bashref.texi:7047
  11744. msgid "True if the shell variable @var{varname} is set and is a name reference."
  11745. msgstr ""
  11746. #. type: item
  11747. #: ./bashref.texi:7048
  11748. #, no-wrap
  11749. msgid "-z @var{string}"
  11750. msgstr ""
  11751. #. type: table
  11752. #: ./bashref.texi:7050
  11753. msgid "True if the length of @var{string} is zero."
  11754. msgstr ""
  11755. #. type: item
  11756. #: ./bashref.texi:7051
  11757. #, no-wrap
  11758. msgid "-n @var{string}"
  11759. msgstr ""
  11760. #. type: var{#1}
  11761. #: ./bashref.texi:7052
  11762. #, no-wrap
  11763. msgid "string"
  11764. msgstr ""
  11765. #. type: table
  11766. #: ./bashref.texi:7054
  11767. msgid "True if the length of @var{string} is non-zero."
  11768. msgstr ""
  11769. #. type: item
  11770. #: ./bashref.texi:7055
  11771. #, no-wrap
  11772. msgid "@var{string1} == @var{string2}"
  11773. msgstr ""
  11774. #. type: itemx
  11775. #: ./bashref.texi:7056
  11776. #, no-wrap
  11777. msgid "@var{string1} = @var{string2}"
  11778. msgstr ""
  11779. #. type: table
  11780. #: ./bashref.texi:7060
  11781. msgid ""
  11782. "True if the strings are equal. When used with the @code{[[} command, this "
  11783. "performs pattern matching as described above (@pxref{Conditional "
  11784. "Constructs})."
  11785. msgstr ""
  11786. #. type: table
  11787. #: ./bashref.texi:7062
  11788. msgid ""
  11789. "@samp{=} should be used with the @code{test} command for @sc{posix} "
  11790. "conformance."
  11791. msgstr ""
  11792. #. type: item
  11793. #: ./bashref.texi:7063
  11794. #, no-wrap
  11795. msgid "@var{string1} != @var{string2}"
  11796. msgstr ""
  11797. #. type: table
  11798. #: ./bashref.texi:7065
  11799. msgid "True if the strings are not equal."
  11800. msgstr ""
  11801. #. type: item
  11802. #: ./bashref.texi:7066
  11803. #, no-wrap
  11804. msgid "@var{string1} < @var{string2}"
  11805. msgstr ""
  11806. #. type: table
  11807. #: ./bashref.texi:7068
  11808. msgid "True if @var{string1} sorts before @var{string2} lexicographically."
  11809. msgstr ""
  11810. #. type: item
  11811. #: ./bashref.texi:7069
  11812. #, no-wrap
  11813. msgid "@var{string1} > @var{string2}"
  11814. msgstr ""
  11815. #. type: table
  11816. #: ./bashref.texi:7071
  11817. msgid "True if @var{string1} sorts after @var{string2} lexicographically."
  11818. msgstr ""
  11819. #. type: item
  11820. #: ./bashref.texi:7072
  11821. #, no-wrap
  11822. msgid "@var{arg1} OP @var{arg2}"
  11823. msgstr ""
  11824. #. type: table
  11825. #: ./bashref.texi:7082
  11826. msgid ""
  11827. "@code{OP} is one of @samp{-eq}, @samp{-ne}, @samp{-lt}, @samp{-le}, "
  11828. "@samp{-gt}, or @samp{-ge}. These arithmetic binary operators return true if "
  11829. "@var{arg1} is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, "
  11830. "greater than, or greater than or equal to @var{arg2}, respectively. "
  11831. "@var{Arg1} and @var{arg2} may be positive or negative integers. When used "
  11832. "with the @code{[[} command, @var{Arg1} and @var{Arg2} are evaluated as "
  11833. "arithmetic expressions (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic})."
  11834. msgstr ""
  11835. #. type: cindex
  11836. #: ./bashref.texi:7086
  11837. #, no-wrap
  11838. msgid "arithmetic, shell"
  11839. msgstr ""
  11840. #. type: cindex
  11841. #: ./bashref.texi:7087
  11842. #, no-wrap
  11843. msgid "shell arithmetic"
  11844. msgstr ""
  11845. #. type: cindex
  11846. #: ./bashref.texi:7088
  11847. #, no-wrap
  11848. msgid "expressions, arithmetic"
  11849. msgstr ""
  11850. #. type: cindex
  11851. #: ./bashref.texi:7089
  11852. #, no-wrap
  11853. msgid "evaluation, arithmetic"
  11854. msgstr ""
  11855. #. type: cindex
  11856. #: ./bashref.texi:7090
  11857. #, no-wrap
  11858. msgid "arithmetic evaluation"
  11859. msgstr ""
  11860. #. type: Plain text
  11861. #: ./bashref.texi:7095
  11862. msgid ""
  11863. "The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of the shell "
  11864. "expansions or by using the @code{((} compound command, the @code{let} "
  11865. "builtin, or the @option{-i} option to the @code{declare} builtin."
  11866. msgstr ""
  11867. #. type: Plain text
  11868. #: ./bashref.texi:7103
  11869. msgid ""
  11870. "Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, "
  11871. "though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and "
  11872. "their precedence, associativity, and values are the same as in the C "
  11873. "language. The following list of operators is grouped into levels of "
  11874. "equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing "
  11875. "precedence."
  11876. msgstr ""
  11877. #. type: item
  11878. #: ./bashref.texi:7106
  11879. #, no-wrap
  11880. msgid "@var{id}++ @var{id}--"
  11881. msgstr ""
  11882. #. type: table
  11883. #: ./bashref.texi:7108
  11884. msgid "variable post-increment and post-decrement"
  11885. msgstr ""
  11886. #. type: item
  11887. #: ./bashref.texi:7109
  11888. #, no-wrap
  11889. msgid "++@var{id} --@var{id}"
  11890. msgstr ""
  11891. #. type: table
  11892. #: ./bashref.texi:7111
  11893. msgid "variable pre-increment and pre-decrement"
  11894. msgstr ""
  11895. #. type: item
  11896. #: ./bashref.texi:7112
  11897. #, no-wrap
  11898. msgid "- +"
  11899. msgstr ""
  11900. #. type: table
  11901. #: ./bashref.texi:7114
  11902. msgid "unary minus and plus"
  11903. msgstr ""
  11904. #. type: item
  11905. #: ./bashref.texi:7115
  11906. #, no-wrap
  11907. msgid "! ~"
  11908. msgstr ""
  11909. #. type: table
  11910. #: ./bashref.texi:7117
  11911. msgid "logical and bitwise negation"
  11912. msgstr ""
  11913. #. type: item
  11914. #: ./bashref.texi:7118
  11915. #, no-wrap
  11916. msgid "**"
  11917. msgstr ""
  11918. #. type: table
  11919. #: ./bashref.texi:7120
  11920. msgid "exponentiation"
  11921. msgstr ""
  11922. #. type: item
  11923. #: ./bashref.texi:7121
  11924. #, no-wrap
  11925. msgid "* / %"
  11926. msgstr ""
  11927. #. type: table
  11928. #: ./bashref.texi:7123
  11929. msgid "multiplication, division, remainder"
  11930. msgstr ""
  11931. #. type: item
  11932. #: ./bashref.texi:7124
  11933. #, no-wrap
  11934. msgid "+ -"
  11935. msgstr ""
  11936. #. type: table
  11937. #: ./bashref.texi:7126
  11938. msgid "addition, subtraction"
  11939. msgstr ""
  11940. #. type: item
  11941. #: ./bashref.texi:7127
  11942. #, no-wrap
  11943. msgid "<< >>"
  11944. msgstr ""
  11945. #. type: table
  11946. #: ./bashref.texi:7129
  11947. msgid "left and right bitwise shifts"
  11948. msgstr ""
  11949. #. type: item
  11950. #: ./bashref.texi:7130
  11951. #, no-wrap
  11952. msgid "<= >= < >"
  11953. msgstr ""
  11954. #. type: table
  11955. #: ./bashref.texi:7132
  11956. msgid "comparison"
  11957. msgstr ""
  11958. #. type: item
  11959. #: ./bashref.texi:7133
  11960. #, no-wrap
  11961. msgid "== !="
  11962. msgstr ""
  11963. #. type: table
  11964. #: ./bashref.texi:7135
  11965. msgid "equality and inequality"
  11966. msgstr ""
  11967. #. type: item
  11968. #: ./bashref.texi:7136
  11969. #, no-wrap
  11970. msgid "&"
  11971. msgstr ""
  11972. #. type: table
  11973. #: ./bashref.texi:7138
  11974. msgid "bitwise AND"
  11975. msgstr ""
  11976. #. type: item
  11977. #: ./bashref.texi:7139
  11978. #, no-wrap
  11979. msgid "^"
  11980. msgstr ""
  11981. #. type: table
  11982. #: ./bashref.texi:7141
  11983. msgid "bitwise exclusive OR"
  11984. msgstr ""
  11985. #. type: item
  11986. #: ./bashref.texi:7142
  11987. #, no-wrap
  11988. msgid "|"
  11989. msgstr ""
  11990. #. type: table
  11991. #: ./bashref.texi:7144
  11992. msgid "bitwise OR"
  11993. msgstr ""
  11994. #. type: item
  11995. #: ./bashref.texi:7145
  11996. #, no-wrap
  11997. msgid "&&"
  11998. msgstr ""
  11999. #. type: table
  12000. #: ./bashref.texi:7147
  12001. msgid "logical AND"
  12002. msgstr ""
  12003. #. type: item
  12004. #: ./bashref.texi:7148
  12005. #, no-wrap
  12006. msgid "||"
  12007. msgstr ""
  12008. #. type: table
  12009. #: ./bashref.texi:7150
  12010. msgid "logical OR"
  12011. msgstr ""
  12012. #. type: item
  12013. #: ./bashref.texi:7151
  12014. #, no-wrap
  12015. msgid "expr ? expr : expr"
  12016. msgstr ""
  12017. #. type: table
  12018. #: ./bashref.texi:7153
  12019. msgid "conditional operator"
  12020. msgstr ""
  12021. #. type: item
  12022. #: ./bashref.texi:7154
  12023. #, no-wrap
  12024. msgid "= *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |="
  12025. msgstr ""
  12026. #. type: table
  12027. #: ./bashref.texi:7156
  12028. msgid "assignment"
  12029. msgstr ""
  12030. #. type: item
  12031. #: ./bashref.texi:7157
  12032. #, no-wrap
  12033. msgid "expr1 , expr2"
  12034. msgstr ""
  12035. #. type: table
  12036. #: ./bashref.texi:7159
  12037. msgid "comma"
  12038. msgstr ""
  12039. #. type: Plain text
  12040. #: ./bashref.texi:7173
  12041. msgid ""
  12042. "Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is performed "
  12043. "before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell variables "
  12044. "may also be referenced by name without using the parameter expansion "
  12045. "syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when "
  12046. "referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. The value "
  12047. "of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when it is "
  12048. "referenced, or when a variable which has been given the @var{integer} "
  12049. "attribute using @samp{declare -i} is assigned a value. A null value "
  12050. "evaluates to 0. A shell variable need not have its @var{integer} attribute "
  12051. "turned on to be used in an expression."
  12052. msgstr ""
  12053. #. type: Plain text
  12054. #: ./bashref.texi:7189
  12055. msgid ""
  12056. "Integer constants follow the C language definition, without suffixes or "
  12057. "character constants. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal "
  12058. "numbers. A leading @samp{0x} or @samp{0X} denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, "
  12059. "numbers take the form [@var{base}@code{#}]@var{n}, where the optional "
  12060. "@var{base} is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic "
  12061. "base, and @var{n} is a number in that base. If @var{base}@code{#} is "
  12062. "omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying @var{n}, if a non-digit is "
  12063. "required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase "
  12064. "letters, the uppercase letters, @samp{@@}, and @samp{_}, in that order. If "
  12065. "@var{base} is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase letters may "
  12066. "be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35."
  12067. msgstr ""
  12068. #. type: Plain text
  12069. #: ./bashref.texi:7193
  12070. msgid ""
  12071. "Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in "
  12072. "parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above."
  12073. msgstr ""
  12074. #. type: cindex
  12075. #: ./bashref.texi:7196
  12076. #, no-wrap
  12077. msgid "alias expansion"
  12078. msgstr ""
  12079. #. type: Plain text
  12080. #: ./bashref.texi:7202
  12081. msgid ""
  12082. "@var{Aliases} allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as "
  12083. "the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of aliases "
  12084. "that may be set and unset with the @code{alias} and @code{unalias} builtin "
  12085. "commands."
  12086. msgstr ""
  12087. #. type: Plain text
  12088. #: ./bashref.texi:7220
  12089. msgid ""
  12090. "The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it "
  12091. "has an alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The "
  12092. "characters @samp{/}, @samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{=} and any of the shell "
  12093. "metacharacters or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias "
  12094. "name. The replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including "
  12095. "shell metacharacters. The first word of the replacement text is tested for "
  12096. "aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not "
  12097. "expanded a second time. This means that one may alias @code{ls} to "
  12098. "@code{\"ls -F\"}, for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand "
  12099. "the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a "
  12100. "@var{blank}, then the next command word following the alias is also checked "
  12101. "for alias expansion."
  12102. msgstr ""
  12103. #. type: Plain text
  12104. #: ./bashref.texi:7223
  12105. msgid ""
  12106. "Aliases are created and listed with the @code{alias} command, and removed "
  12107. "with the @code{unalias} command."
  12108. msgstr ""
  12109. #. type: Plain text
  12110. #: ./bashref.texi:7228
  12111. msgid ""
  12112. "There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text, as in "
  12113. "@code{csh}. If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used "
  12114. "(@pxref{Shell Functions})."
  12115. msgstr ""
  12116. #. type: Plain text
  12117. #: ./bashref.texi:7232
  12118. msgid ""
  12119. "Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the "
  12120. "@code{expand_aliases} shell option is set using @code{shopt} (@pxref{The "
  12121. "Shopt Builtin})."
  12122. msgstr ""
  12123. #. type: Plain text
  12124. #: ./bashref.texi:7252
  12125. msgid ""
  12126. "The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat "
  12127. "confusing. Bash always reads at least one complete line of input, and all "
  12128. "lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the commands "
  12129. "on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded when a command "
  12130. "is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing "
  12131. "on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line "
  12132. "of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line "
  12133. "are not affected by the new alias. This behavior is also an issue when "
  12134. "functions are executed. Aliases are expanded when a function definition is "
  12135. "read, not when the function is executed, because a function definition is "
  12136. "itself a command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not "
  12137. "available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put "
  12138. "alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use @code{alias} in "
  12139. "compound commands."
  12140. msgstr ""
  12141. #. type: Plain text
  12142. #: ./bashref.texi:7254
  12143. msgid "For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferred over aliases."
  12144. msgstr ""
  12145. #. type: cindex
  12146. #: ./bashref.texi:7257
  12147. #, no-wrap
  12148. msgid "arrays"
  12149. msgstr ""
  12150. #. type: Plain text
  12151. #: ./bashref.texi:7269
  12152. msgid ""
  12153. "Bash provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. Any "
  12154. "variable may be used as an indexed array; the @code{declare} builtin will "
  12155. "explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of an "
  12156. "array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned "
  12157. "contiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including "
  12158. "arithmetic expressions (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic})) and are zero-based; "
  12159. "associative arrays use arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed "
  12160. "array indices must be non-negative integers."
  12161. msgstr ""
  12162. #. type: Plain text
  12163. #: ./bashref.texi:7272
  12164. msgid ""
  12165. "An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to "
  12166. "using the syntax"
  12167. msgstr ""
  12168. #. type: example
  12169. #: ./bashref.texi:7274
  12170. #, no-wrap
  12171. msgid "@var{name}[@var{subscript}]=@var{value}\n"
  12172. msgstr ""
  12173. #. type: Plain text
  12174. #: ./bashref.texi:7280
  12175. msgid ""
  12176. "The @var{subscript} is treated as an arithmetic expression that must "
  12177. "evaluate to a number. To explicitly declare an array, use"
  12178. msgstr ""
  12179. #. type: example
  12180. #: ./bashref.texi:7282
  12181. #, no-wrap
  12182. msgid "declare -a @var{name}\n"
  12183. msgstr ""
  12184. #. type: Plain text
  12185. #: ./bashref.texi:7285
  12186. msgid "The syntax"
  12187. msgstr ""
  12188. #. type: example
  12189. #: ./bashref.texi:7287
  12190. #, no-wrap
  12191. msgid "declare -a @var{name}[@var{subscript}]\n"
  12192. msgstr ""
  12193. #. type: Plain text
  12194. #: ./bashref.texi:7290
  12195. msgid "is also accepted; the @var{subscript} is ignored."
  12196. msgstr ""
  12197. #. type: Plain text
  12198. #: ./bashref.texi:7293
  12199. msgid "Associative arrays are created using"
  12200. msgstr ""
  12201. #. type: example
  12202. #: ./bashref.texi:7295
  12203. #, no-wrap
  12204. msgid "declare -A @var{name}\n"
  12205. msgstr ""
  12206. #. type: Plain text
  12207. #: ./bashref.texi:7301
  12208. msgid ""
  12209. "Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the @code{declare} "
  12210. "and @code{readonly} builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an "
  12211. "array."
  12212. msgstr ""
  12213. #. type: Plain text
  12214. #: ./bashref.texi:7303
  12215. msgid "Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form"
  12216. msgstr ""
  12217. #. type: example
  12218. #: ./bashref.texi:7305
  12219. #, no-wrap
  12220. msgid "@var{name}=(@var{value1} @var{value2} @dots{} )\n"
  12221. msgstr ""
  12222. #. type: Plain text
  12223. #: ./bashref.texi:7314
  12224. msgid ""
  12225. "where each @var{value} may be of the form "
  12226. "@code{[@var{subscript}]=}@var{string}. Indexed array assignments do not "
  12227. "require anything but @var{string}. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the "
  12228. "optional subscript is supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the "
  12229. "index of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement "
  12230. "plus one. Indexing starts at zero."
  12231. msgstr ""
  12232. #. type: Plain text
  12233. #: ./bashref.texi:7317
  12234. msgid ""
  12235. "Each @var{value} in the list undergoes all the shell expansions described "
  12236. "above (@pxref{Shell Expansions})."
  12237. msgstr ""
  12238. #. type: Plain text
  12239. #: ./bashref.texi:7329
  12240. msgid ""
  12241. "When assigning to an associative array, the words in a compound assignment "
  12242. "may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is required, or "
  12243. "a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of alternating keys and "
  12244. "values: @var{name}=(@var{key1} @var{value1} @var{key2} @var{value2} @dots{} "
  12245. "). These are treated identically to @var{name}=( [@var{key1}]=@var{value1} "
  12246. "[@var{key2}]=@var{value2} @dots{} ). The first word in the list determines "
  12247. "how the remaining words are interpreted; all assignments in a list must be "
  12248. "of the same type. When using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing "
  12249. "or empty; a final missing value is treated like the empty string."
  12250. msgstr ""
  12251. #. type: Plain text
  12252. #: ./bashref.texi:7333
  12253. msgid ""
  12254. "This syntax is also accepted by the @code{declare} builtin. Individual "
  12255. "array elements may be assigned to using the "
  12256. "@code{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]=@var{value}} syntax introduced above."
  12257. msgstr ""
  12258. #. type: Plain text
  12259. #: ./bashref.texi:7339
  12260. msgid ""
  12261. "When assigning to an indexed array, if @var{name} is subscripted by a "
  12262. "negative number, that number is interpreted as relative to one greater than "
  12263. "the maximum index of @var{name}, so negative indices count back from the end "
  12264. "of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element."
  12265. msgstr ""
  12266. #. type: Plain text
  12267. #: ./bashref.texi:7369
  12268. msgid ""
  12269. "Any element of an array may be referenced using "
  12270. "@code{$@{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}}. The braces are required to avoid "
  12271. "conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the "
  12272. "@var{subscript} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the word expands to all members of "
  12273. "the array @var{name}. These subscripts differ only when the word appears "
  12274. "within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, "
  12275. "@code{$@{@var{name}[*]@}} expands to a single word with the value of each "
  12276. "array member separated by the first character of the @env{IFS} variable, and "
  12277. "@code{$@{@var{name}[@@]@}} expands each element of @var{name} to a separate "
  12278. "word. When there are no array members, @code{$@{@var{name}[@@]@}} expands "
  12279. "to nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the "
  12280. "expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the "
  12281. "original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the "
  12282. "last part of the original word. This is analogous to the expansion of the "
  12283. "special parameters @samp{@@} and @samp{*}. "
  12284. "@code{$@{#@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}} expands to the length of "
  12285. "@code{$@{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}}. If @var{subscript} is @samp{@@} or "
  12286. "@samp{*}, the expansion is the number of elements in the array. If the "
  12287. "@var{subscript} used to reference an element of an indexed array evaluates "
  12288. "to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to one greater "
  12289. "than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count back from the "
  12290. "end of the array, and an index of -1 refers to the last element."
  12291. msgstr ""
  12292. #. type: Plain text
  12293. #: ./bashref.texi:7374
  12294. msgid ""
  12295. "Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to "
  12296. "referencing with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable using a "
  12297. "valid subscript is legal, and @code{bash} will create an array if necessary."
  12298. msgstr ""
  12299. #. type: Plain text
  12300. #: ./bashref.texi:7377
  12301. msgid ""
  12302. "An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a "
  12303. "value. The null string is a valid value."
  12304. msgstr ""
  12305. #. type: Plain text
  12306. #: ./bashref.texi:7383
  12307. msgid ""
  12308. "It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the "
  12309. "values. $@{!@var{name}[@@]@} and $@{!@var{name}[*]@} expand to the indices "
  12310. "assigned in array variable @var{name}. The treatment when in double quotes "
  12311. "is similar to the expansion of the special parameters @samp{@@} and @samp{*} "
  12312. "within double quotes."
  12313. msgstr ""
  12314. #. type: Plain text
  12315. #: ./bashref.texi:7392
  12316. msgid ""
  12317. "The @code{unset} builtin is used to destroy arrays. @code{unset "
  12318. "@var{name}[@var{subscript}]} destroys the array element at index "
  12319. "@var{subscript}. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as "
  12320. "described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not "
  12321. "unset the variable. @code{unset @var{name}}, where @var{name} is an array, "
  12322. "removes the entire array. A subscript of @samp{*} or @samp{@@} also removes "
  12323. "the entire array."
  12324. msgstr ""
  12325. #. type: Plain text
  12326. #: ./bashref.texi:7397
  12327. msgid ""
  12328. "When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a command, "
  12329. "such as with @code{unset}, without using the word expansion syntax described "
  12330. "above, the argument is subject to the shell's filename expansion. If "
  12331. "filename expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted."
  12332. msgstr ""
  12333. #. type: Plain text
  12334. #: ./bashref.texi:7408
  12335. msgid ""
  12336. "The @code{declare}, @code{local}, and @code{readonly} builtins each accept a "
  12337. "@option{-a} option to specify an indexed array and a @option{-A} option to "
  12338. "specify an associative array. If both options are supplied, @option{-A} "
  12339. "takes precedence. The @code{read} builtin accepts a @option{-a} option to "
  12340. "assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array, and can "
  12341. "read values from the standard input into individual array elements. The "
  12342. "@code{set} and @code{declare} builtins display array values in a way that "
  12343. "allows them to be reused as input."
  12344. msgstr ""
  12345. #. type: cindex
  12346. #: ./bashref.texi:7411
  12347. #, no-wrap
  12348. msgid "directory stack"
  12349. msgstr ""
  12350. #. type: subsection
  12351. #: ./bashref.texi:7416 ./bashref.texi:7429 ./bashref.texi:7430
  12352. #, no-wrap
  12353. msgid "Directory Stack Builtins"
  12354. msgstr ""
  12355. #. type: menuentry
  12356. #: ./bashref.texi:7416
  12357. msgid "Bash builtin commands to manipulate the directory stack."
  12358. msgstr ""
  12359. #. type: Plain text
  12360. #: ./bashref.texi:7425
  12361. msgid ""
  12362. "The directory stack is a list of recently-visited directories. The "
  12363. "@code{pushd} builtin adds directories to the stack as it changes the current "
  12364. "directory, and the @code{popd} builtin removes specified directories from "
  12365. "the stack and changes the current directory to the directory removed. The "
  12366. "@code{dirs} builtin displays the contents of the directory stack. The "
  12367. "current directory is always the \"top\" of the directory stack."
  12368. msgstr ""
  12369. #. type: Plain text
  12370. #: ./bashref.texi:7428
  12371. msgid ""
  12372. "The contents of the directory stack are also visible as the value of the "
  12373. "@env{DIRSTACK} shell variable."
  12374. msgstr ""
  12375. #. type: btindex
  12376. #: ./bashref.texi:7434 ./bashref.texi:7435
  12377. #, no-wrap
  12378. msgid "dirs"
  12379. msgstr ""
  12380. #. type: example
  12381. #: ./bashref.texi:7438
  12382. #, no-wrap
  12383. msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+@var{N} | -@var{N}]\n"
  12384. msgstr ""
  12385. #. type: table
  12386. #: ./bashref.texi:7444
  12387. msgid ""
  12388. "Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories are added "
  12389. "to the list with the @code{pushd} command; the @code{popd} command removes "
  12390. "directories from the list. The current directory is always the first "
  12391. "directory in the stack."
  12392. msgstr ""
  12393. #. type: table
  12394. #: ./bashref.texi:7448
  12395. msgid "Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements."
  12396. msgstr ""
  12397. #. type: table
  12398. #: ./bashref.texi:7451
  12399. msgid ""
  12400. "Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a "
  12401. "tilde to denote the home directory."
  12402. msgstr ""
  12403. #. type: table
  12404. #: ./bashref.texi:7454
  12405. msgid "Causes @code{dirs} to print the directory stack with one entry per line."
  12406. msgstr ""
  12407. #. type: table
  12408. #: ./bashref.texi:7457
  12409. msgid ""
  12410. "Causes @code{dirs} to print the directory stack with one entry per line, "
  12411. "prefixing each entry with its index in the stack."
  12412. msgstr ""
  12413. #. type: item
  12414. #: ./bashref.texi:7457 ./bashref.texi:7483 ./bashref.texi:7506
  12415. #, no-wrap
  12416. msgid "+@var{N}"
  12417. msgstr ""
  12418. #. type: table
  12419. #: ./bashref.texi:7461
  12420. msgid ""
  12421. "Displays the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the list printed "
  12422. "by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting with zero."
  12423. msgstr ""
  12424. #. type: item
  12425. #: ./bashref.texi:7461 ./bashref.texi:7486 ./bashref.texi:7510
  12426. #, no-wrap
  12427. msgid "-@var{N}"
  12428. msgstr ""
  12429. #. type: table
  12430. #: ./bashref.texi:7465
  12431. msgid ""
  12432. "Displays the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the list "
  12433. "printed by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting with zero."
  12434. msgstr ""
  12435. #. type: btindex
  12436. #: ./bashref.texi:7467 ./bashref.texi:7468
  12437. #, no-wrap
  12438. msgid "popd"
  12439. msgstr ""
  12440. #. type: example
  12441. #: ./bashref.texi:7471
  12442. #, no-wrap
  12443. msgid "popd [-n] [+@var{N} | -@var{N}]\n"
  12444. msgstr ""
  12445. #. type: table
  12446. #: ./bashref.texi:7478
  12447. msgid ""
  12448. "When no arguments are given, @code{popd} removes the top directory from the "
  12449. "stack and performs a @code{cd} to the new top directory. The elements are "
  12450. "numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with @code{dirs}; "
  12451. "that is, @code{popd} is equivalent to @code{popd +0}."
  12452. msgstr ""
  12453. #. type: table
  12454. #: ./bashref.texi:7483
  12455. msgid ""
  12456. "Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the "
  12457. "stack, so that only the stack is manipulated."
  12458. msgstr ""
  12459. #. type: table
  12460. #: ./bashref.texi:7486
  12461. msgid ""
  12462. "Removes the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the list printed "
  12463. "by @code{dirs}), starting with zero."
  12464. msgstr ""
  12465. #. type: table
  12466. #: ./bashref.texi:7489
  12467. msgid ""
  12468. "Removes the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the list printed "
  12469. "by @code{dirs}), starting with zero."
  12470. msgstr ""
  12471. #. type: item
  12472. #: ./bashref.texi:7491 ./bashref.texi:7492
  12473. #, no-wrap
  12474. msgid "pushd"
  12475. msgstr ""
  12476. #. type: example
  12477. #: ./bashref.texi:7495
  12478. #, no-wrap
  12479. msgid "pushd [-n] [@var{+N} | @var{-N} | @var{dir}]\n"
  12480. msgstr ""
  12481. #. type: table
  12482. #: ./bashref.texi:7501
  12483. msgid ""
  12484. "Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack and then "
  12485. "@code{cd} to @var{dir}. With no arguments, @code{pushd} exchanges the top "
  12486. "two directories and makes the new top the current directory."
  12487. msgstr ""
  12488. #. type: table
  12489. #: ./bashref.texi:7506
  12490. msgid ""
  12491. "Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating or adding "
  12492. "directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated."
  12493. msgstr ""
  12494. #. type: table
  12495. #: ./bashref.texi:7510
  12496. msgid ""
  12497. "Brings the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the list printed "
  12498. "by @code{dirs}, starting with zero) to the top of the list by rotating the "
  12499. "stack."
  12500. msgstr ""
  12501. #. type: table
  12502. #: ./bashref.texi:7514
  12503. msgid ""
  12504. "Brings the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the list printed "
  12505. "by @code{dirs}, starting with zero) to the top of the list by rotating the "
  12506. "stack."
  12507. msgstr ""
  12508. #. type: var{#1}
  12509. #: ./bashref.texi:7514
  12510. #, no-wrap
  12511. msgid "dir"
  12512. msgstr ""
  12513. #. type: table
  12514. #: ./bashref.texi:7518
  12515. msgid ""
  12516. "Makes @var{dir} be the top of the stack, making it the new current directory "
  12517. "as if it had been supplied as an argument to the @code{cd} builtin."
  12518. msgstr ""
  12519. #. type: cindex
  12520. #: ./bashref.texi:7523
  12521. #, no-wrap
  12522. msgid "prompting"
  12523. msgstr ""
  12524. #. type: Plain text
  12525. #: ./bashref.texi:7530
  12526. msgid ""
  12527. "Bash examines the value of the array variable @env{PROMPT_COMMANDS} just "
  12528. "before printing each primary prompt. If any elements in "
  12529. "@env{PROMPT_COMMANDS} are set and non-null, Bash executes each value, in "
  12530. "numeric order, just as if it had been typed on the command line."
  12531. msgstr ""
  12532. #. type: Plain text
  12533. #: ./bashref.texi:7534
  12534. msgid ""
  12535. "In addition, the following table describes the special characters which can "
  12536. "appear in the prompt variables @env{PS0}, @env{PS1}, @env{PS2}, and "
  12537. "@env{PS4}:"
  12538. msgstr ""
  12539. #. type: table
  12540. #: ./bashref.texi:7538
  12541. msgid "A bell character."
  12542. msgstr ""
  12543. #. type: item
  12544. #: ./bashref.texi:7538
  12545. #, no-wrap
  12546. msgid "\\d"
  12547. msgstr ""
  12548. #. type: table
  12549. #: ./bashref.texi:7540
  12550. msgid "The date, in \"Weekday Month Date\" format (e.g., \"Tue May 26\")."
  12551. msgstr ""
  12552. #. type: item
  12553. #: ./bashref.texi:7540
  12554. #, no-wrap
  12555. msgid "\\D@{@var{format}@}"
  12556. msgstr ""
  12557. #. type: table
  12558. #: ./bashref.texi:7544
  12559. msgid ""
  12560. "The @var{format} is passed to @code{strftime}(3) and the result is inserted "
  12561. "into the prompt string; an empty @var{format} results in a locale-specific "
  12562. "time representation. The braces are required."
  12563. msgstr ""
  12564. #. type: table
  12565. #: ./bashref.texi:7546
  12566. msgid "An escape character."
  12567. msgstr ""
  12568. #. type: item
  12569. #: ./bashref.texi:7546
  12570. #, no-wrap
  12571. msgid "\\h"
  12572. msgstr ""
  12573. #. type: table
  12574. #: ./bashref.texi:7548
  12575. msgid "The hostname, up to the first `.'."
  12576. msgstr ""
  12577. #. type: item
  12578. #: ./bashref.texi:7548
  12579. #, no-wrap
  12580. msgid "\\H"
  12581. msgstr ""
  12582. #. type: table
  12583. #: ./bashref.texi:7550
  12584. msgid "The hostname."
  12585. msgstr ""
  12586. #. type: item
  12587. #: ./bashref.texi:7550
  12588. #, no-wrap
  12589. msgid "\\j"
  12590. msgstr ""
  12591. #. type: table
  12592. #: ./bashref.texi:7552
  12593. msgid "The number of jobs currently managed by the shell."
  12594. msgstr ""
  12595. #. type: item
  12596. #: ./bashref.texi:7552
  12597. #, no-wrap
  12598. msgid "\\l"
  12599. msgstr ""
  12600. #. type: table
  12601. #: ./bashref.texi:7554
  12602. msgid "The basename of the shell's terminal device name."
  12603. msgstr ""
  12604. #. type: table
  12605. #: ./bashref.texi:7556
  12606. msgid "A newline."
  12607. msgstr ""
  12608. #. type: table
  12609. #: ./bashref.texi:7558
  12610. msgid "A carriage return."
  12611. msgstr ""
  12612. #. type: item
  12613. #: ./bashref.texi:7558
  12614. #, no-wrap
  12615. msgid "\\s"
  12616. msgstr ""
  12617. #. type: table
  12618. #: ./bashref.texi:7561
  12619. msgid ""
  12620. "The name of the shell, the basename of @code{$0} (the portion following the "
  12621. "final slash)."
  12622. msgstr ""
  12623. #. type: table
  12624. #: ./bashref.texi:7563
  12625. msgid "The time, in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format."
  12626. msgstr ""
  12627. #. type: item
  12628. #: ./bashref.texi:7563
  12629. #, no-wrap
  12630. msgid "\\T"
  12631. msgstr ""
  12632. #. type: table
  12633. #: ./bashref.texi:7565
  12634. msgid "The time, in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format."
  12635. msgstr ""
  12636. #. type: item
  12637. #: ./bashref.texi:7565
  12638. #, no-wrap
  12639. msgid "\\@@"
  12640. msgstr ""
  12641. #. type: table
  12642. #: ./bashref.texi:7567
  12643. msgid "The time, in 12-hour am/pm format."
  12644. msgstr ""
  12645. #. type: item
  12646. #: ./bashref.texi:7567
  12647. #, no-wrap
  12648. msgid "\\A"
  12649. msgstr ""
  12650. #. type: table
  12651. #: ./bashref.texi:7569
  12652. msgid "The time, in 24-hour HH:MM format."
  12653. msgstr ""
  12654. #. type: item
  12655. #: ./bashref.texi:7569
  12656. #, no-wrap
  12657. msgid "\\u"
  12658. msgstr ""
  12659. #. type: table
  12660. #: ./bashref.texi:7571
  12661. msgid "The username of the current user."
  12662. msgstr ""
  12663. #. type: table
  12664. #: ./bashref.texi:7573
  12665. msgid "The version of Bash (e.g., 2.00)"
  12666. msgstr ""
  12667. #. type: item
  12668. #: ./bashref.texi:7573
  12669. #, no-wrap
  12670. msgid "\\V"
  12671. msgstr ""
  12672. #. type: table
  12673. #: ./bashref.texi:7575
  12674. msgid "The release of Bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)"
  12675. msgstr ""
  12676. #. type: item
  12677. #: ./bashref.texi:7575
  12678. #, no-wrap
  12679. msgid "\\w"
  12680. msgstr ""
  12681. #. type: table
  12682. #: ./bashref.texi:7578
  12683. msgid ""
  12684. "The current working directory, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde "
  12685. "(uses the @env{$PROMPT_DIRTRIM} variable)."
  12686. msgstr ""
  12687. #. type: item
  12688. #: ./bashref.texi:7578
  12689. #, no-wrap
  12690. msgid "\\W"
  12691. msgstr ""
  12692. #. type: table
  12693. #: ./bashref.texi:7580
  12694. msgid "The basename of @env{$PWD}, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde."
  12695. msgstr ""
  12696. #. type: item
  12697. #: ./bashref.texi:7580
  12698. #, no-wrap
  12699. msgid "\\!"
  12700. msgstr ""
  12701. #. type: table
  12702. #: ./bashref.texi:7582
  12703. msgid "The history number of this command."
  12704. msgstr ""
  12705. #. type: item
  12706. #: ./bashref.texi:7582
  12707. #, no-wrap
  12708. msgid "\\#"
  12709. msgstr ""
  12710. #. type: table
  12711. #: ./bashref.texi:7584
  12712. msgid "The command number of this command."
  12713. msgstr ""
  12714. #. type: item
  12715. #: ./bashref.texi:7584
  12716. #, no-wrap
  12717. msgid "\\$"
  12718. msgstr ""
  12719. #. type: table
  12720. #: ./bashref.texi:7586
  12721. msgid "If the effective uid is 0, @code{#}, otherwise @code{$}."
  12722. msgstr ""
  12723. #. type: table
  12724. #: ./bashref.texi:7588
  12725. msgid "The character whose ASCII code is the octal value @var{nnn}."
  12726. msgstr ""
  12727. #. type: table
  12728. #: ./bashref.texi:7590
  12729. msgid "A backslash."
  12730. msgstr ""
  12731. #. type: item
  12732. #: ./bashref.texi:7590
  12733. #, no-wrap
  12734. msgid "\\["
  12735. msgstr ""
  12736. #. type: table
  12737. #: ./bashref.texi:7593
  12738. msgid ""
  12739. "Begin a sequence of non-printing characters. This could be used to embed a "
  12740. "terminal control sequence into the prompt."
  12741. msgstr ""
  12742. #. type: item
  12743. #: ./bashref.texi:7593
  12744. #, no-wrap
  12745. msgid "\\]"
  12746. msgstr ""
  12747. #. type: table
  12748. #: ./bashref.texi:7595
  12749. msgid "End a sequence of non-printing characters."
  12750. msgstr ""
  12751. #. type: Plain text
  12752. #: ./bashref.texi:7603
  12753. msgid ""
  12754. "The command number and the history number are usually different: the history "
  12755. "number of a command is its position in the history list, which may include "
  12756. "commands restored from the history file (@pxref{Bash History Facilities}), "
  12757. "while the command number is the position in the sequence of commands "
  12758. "executed during the current shell session."
  12759. msgstr ""
  12760. #. type: Plain text
  12761. #: ./bashref.texi:7611
  12762. msgid ""
  12763. "After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command "
  12764. "substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value "
  12765. "of the @code{promptvars} shell option (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}). This can "
  12766. "have unwanted side effects if escaped portions of the string appear within "
  12767. "command substitution or contain characters special to word expansion."
  12768. msgstr ""
  12769. #. type: cindex
  12770. #: ./bashref.texi:7614
  12771. #, no-wrap
  12772. msgid "restricted shell"
  12773. msgstr ""
  12774. #. type: Plain text
  12775. #: ./bashref.texi:7625
  12776. msgid ""
  12777. "If Bash is started with the name @code{rbash}, or the @option{--restricted} "
  12778. "or @option{-r} option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes "
  12779. "restricted. A restricted shell is used to set up an environment more "
  12780. "controlled than the standard shell. A restricted shell behaves identically "
  12781. "to @code{bash} with the exception that the following are disallowed or not "
  12782. "performed:"
  12783. msgstr ""
  12784. #. type: itemize
  12785. #: ./bashref.texi:7629
  12786. msgid "Changing directories with the @code{cd} builtin."
  12787. msgstr ""
  12788. #. type: itemize
  12789. #: ./bashref.texi:7633
  12790. msgid ""
  12791. "Setting or unsetting the values of the @env{SHELL}, @env{PATH}, "
  12792. "@env{HISTFILE}, @env{ENV}, or @env{BASH_ENV} variables."
  12793. msgstr ""
  12794. #. type: itemize
  12795. #: ./bashref.texi:7635
  12796. msgid "Specifying command names containing slashes."
  12797. msgstr ""
  12798. #. type: itemize
  12799. #: ./bashref.texi:7638
  12800. msgid ""
  12801. "Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the @code{.} "
  12802. "builtin command."
  12803. msgstr ""
  12804. #. type: itemize
  12805. #: ./bashref.texi:7641
  12806. msgid ""
  12807. "Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the "
  12808. "@code{history} builtin command."
  12809. msgstr ""
  12810. #. type: itemize
  12811. #: ./bashref.texi:7644
  12812. msgid ""
  12813. "Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the @option{-p} "
  12814. "option to the @code{hash} builtin command."
  12815. msgstr ""
  12816. #. type: itemize
  12817. #: ./bashref.texi:7646
  12818. msgid "Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup."
  12819. msgstr ""
  12820. #. type: itemize
  12821. #: ./bashref.texi:7648
  12822. msgid "Parsing the value of @env{SHELLOPTS} from the shell environment at startup."
  12823. msgstr ""
  12824. #. type: itemize
  12825. #: ./bashref.texi:7651
  12826. msgid ""
  12827. "Redirecting output using the @samp{>}, @samp{>|}, @samp{<>}, @samp{>&}, "
  12828. "@samp{&>}, and @samp{>>} redirection operators."
  12829. msgstr ""
  12830. #. type: itemize
  12831. #: ./bashref.texi:7653
  12832. msgid "Using the @code{exec} builtin to replace the shell with another command."
  12833. msgstr ""
  12834. #. type: itemize
  12835. #: ./bashref.texi:7656
  12836. msgid ""
  12837. "Adding or deleting builtin commands with the @option{-f} and @option{-d} "
  12838. "options to the @code{enable} builtin."
  12839. msgstr ""
  12840. #. type: itemize
  12841. #: ./bashref.texi:7658
  12842. msgid "Using the @code{enable} builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins."
  12843. msgstr ""
  12844. #. type: itemize
  12845. #: ./bashref.texi:7660
  12846. msgid "Specifying the @option{-p} option to the @code{command} builtin."
  12847. msgstr ""
  12848. #. type: itemize
  12849. #: ./bashref.texi:7662
  12850. msgid "Turning off restricted mode with @samp{set +r} or @samp{set +o restricted}."
  12851. msgstr ""
  12852. #. type: Plain text
  12853. #: ./bashref.texi:7665
  12854. msgid "These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read."
  12855. msgstr ""
  12856. #. type: Plain text
  12857. #: ./bashref.texi:7669
  12858. msgid ""
  12859. "When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (@pxref{Shell "
  12860. "Scripts}), @code{rbash} turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to "
  12861. "execute the script."
  12862. msgstr ""
  12863. #. type: Plain text
  12864. #: ./bashref.texi:7678
  12865. msgid ""
  12866. "The restricted shell mode is only one component of a useful restricted "
  12867. "environment. It should be accompanied by setting @env{PATH} to a value that "
  12868. "allows execution of only a few verified commands (commands that allow shell "
  12869. "escapes are particularly vulnerable), leaving the user in a non-writable "
  12870. "directory other than his home directory after login, not allowing the "
  12871. "restricted shell to execute shell scripts, and cleaning the environment of "
  12872. "variables that cause some commands to modify their behavior (e.g., "
  12873. "@env{VISUAL} or @env{PAGER})."
  12874. msgstr ""
  12875. #. type: Plain text
  12876. #: ./bashref.texi:7681
  12877. msgid ""
  12878. "Modern systems provide more secure ways to implement a restricted "
  12879. "environment, such as @code{jails}, @code{zones}, or @code{containers}."
  12880. msgstr ""
  12881. #. type: cindex
  12882. #: ./bashref.texi:7685
  12883. #, no-wrap
  12884. msgid "POSIX Mode"
  12885. msgstr ""
  12886. #. type: Plain text
  12887. #: ./bashref.texi:7691
  12888. msgid ""
  12889. "Starting Bash with the @option{--posix} command-line option or executing "
  12890. "@samp{set -o posix} while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more "
  12891. "closely to the @sc{posix} standard by changing the behavior to match that "
  12892. "specified by @sc{posix} in areas where the Bash default differs."
  12893. msgstr ""
  12894. #. type: Plain text
  12895. #: ./bashref.texi:7694
  12896. msgid ""
  12897. "When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after reading the "
  12898. "startup files."
  12899. msgstr ""
  12900. #. type: Plain text
  12901. #: ./bashref.texi:7696
  12902. msgid "The following list is what's changed when `@sc{posix} mode' is in effect:"
  12903. msgstr ""
  12904. #. type: enumerate
  12905. #: ./bashref.texi:7700
  12906. msgid "Bash ensures that the @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} variable is set."
  12907. msgstr ""
  12908. #. type: enumerate
  12909. #: ./bashref.texi:7705
  12910. msgid ""
  12911. "When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search "
  12912. "@env{$PATH} to find the new location. This is also available with "
  12913. "@samp{shopt -s checkhash}."
  12914. msgstr ""
  12915. #. type: enumerate
  12916. #: ./bashref.texi:7710
  12917. msgid ""
  12918. "Bash will not insert a command without the execute bit set into the command "
  12919. "hash table, even if it returns it as a (last-ditch) result from a "
  12920. "@env{$PATH} search."
  12921. msgstr ""
  12922. #. type: enumerate
  12923. #: ./bashref.texi:7714
  12924. msgid ""
  12925. "The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job exits "
  12926. "with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'."
  12927. msgstr ""
  12928. #. type: enumerate
  12929. #: ./bashref.texi:7719
  12930. msgid ""
  12931. "The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job is "
  12932. "stopped is `Stopped(@var{signame})', where @var{signame} is, for example, "
  12933. "@code{SIGTSTP}."
  12934. msgstr ""
  12935. #. type: enumerate
  12936. #: ./bashref.texi:7722
  12937. msgid "Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells."
  12938. msgstr ""
  12939. #. type: enumerate
  12940. #: ./bashref.texi:7726
  12941. msgid ""
  12942. "Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized do "
  12943. "not undergo alias expansion."
  12944. msgstr ""
  12945. #. type: enumerate
  12946. #: ./bashref.texi:7732
  12947. msgid ""
  12948. "The @sc{posix} @env{PS1} and @env{PS2} expansions of @samp{!} to the history "
  12949. "number and @samp{!!} to @samp{!} are enabled, and parameter expansion is "
  12950. "performed on the values of @env{PS1} and @env{PS2} regardless of the setting "
  12951. "of the @code{promptvars} option."
  12952. msgstr ""
  12953. #. type: enumerate
  12954. #: ./bashref.texi:7736
  12955. msgid ""
  12956. "The @sc{posix} startup files are executed (@env{$ENV}) rather than the "
  12957. "normal Bash files."
  12958. msgstr ""
  12959. #. type: enumerate
  12960. #: ./bashref.texi:7740
  12961. msgid ""
  12962. "Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command name, "
  12963. "rather than on all assignment statements on the line."
  12964. msgstr ""
  12965. #. type: enumerate
  12966. #: ./bashref.texi:7744
  12967. msgid ""
  12968. "The default history file is @file{~/.sh_history} (this is the default value "
  12969. "of @env{$HISTFILE})."
  12970. msgstr ""
  12971. #. type: enumerate
  12972. #: ./bashref.texi:7748
  12973. msgid ""
  12974. "Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the "
  12975. "redirection unless the shell is interactive."
  12976. msgstr ""
  12977. #. type: enumerate
  12978. #: ./bashref.texi:7752
  12979. msgid ""
  12980. "Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the "
  12981. "redirection."
  12982. msgstr ""
  12983. #. type: enumerate
  12984. #: ./bashref.texi:7758
  12985. msgid ""
  12986. "Function names must be valid shell @code{name}s. That is, they may not "
  12987. "contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not "
  12988. "start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name causes a "
  12989. "fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells."
  12990. msgstr ""
  12991. #. type: enumerate
  12992. #: ./bashref.texi:7762
  12993. msgid ""
  12994. "Function names may not be the same as one of the @sc{posix} special "
  12995. "builtins."
  12996. msgstr ""
  12997. #. type: enumerate
  12998. #: ./bashref.texi:7766
  12999. msgid ""
  13000. "@sc{posix} special builtins are found before shell functions during command "
  13001. "lookup."
  13002. msgstr ""
  13003. #. type: enumerate
  13004. #: ./bashref.texi:7770
  13005. msgid ""
  13006. "When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by @code{type}), Bash does "
  13007. "not print the @code{function} keyword."
  13008. msgstr ""
  13009. #. type: enumerate
  13010. #: ./bashref.texi:7775
  13011. msgid ""
  13012. "Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of the "
  13013. "@env{PATH} variable are not expanded as described above under @ref{Tilde "
  13014. "Expansion}."
  13015. msgstr ""
  13016. #. type: enumerate
  13017. #: ./bashref.texi:7781
  13018. msgid ""
  13019. "The @code{time} reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When used "
  13020. "in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its completed "
  13021. "children. The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable controls the format of the timing "
  13022. "information."
  13023. msgstr ""
  13024. #. type: enumerate
  13025. #: ./bashref.texi:7788
  13026. msgid ""
  13027. "When parsing and expanding a $@{@dots{}@} expansion that appears within "
  13028. "double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to "
  13029. "quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is one "
  13030. "of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do not have "
  13031. "to appear as matched pairs."
  13032. msgstr ""
  13033. #. type: enumerate
  13034. #: ./bashref.texi:7792
  13035. msgid ""
  13036. "The parser does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next "
  13037. "token begins with a @samp{-}."
  13038. msgstr ""
  13039. #. type: enumerate
  13040. #: ./bashref.texi:7803
  13041. msgid ""
  13042. "The @samp{!} character does not introduce history expansion within a "
  13043. "double-quoted string, even if the @code{histexpand} option is enabled."
  13044. msgstr ""
  13045. #. type: enumerate
  13046. #: ./bashref.texi:7810
  13047. msgid ""
  13048. "If a @sc{posix} special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive "
  13049. "shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the @sc{posix} standard, "
  13050. "and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors, "
  13051. "variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and "
  13052. "so on."
  13053. msgstr ""
  13054. #. type: enumerate
  13055. #: ./bashref.texi:7817
  13056. msgid ""
  13057. "A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment "
  13058. "error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. A "
  13059. "variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign a value "
  13060. "to a readonly variable."
  13061. msgstr ""
  13062. #. type: enumerate
  13063. #: ./bashref.texi:7822
  13064. msgid ""
  13065. "A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment "
  13066. "error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special builtin, but not "
  13067. "with any other simple command."
  13068. msgstr ""
  13069. #. type: enumerate
  13070. #: ./bashref.texi:7827
  13071. msgid ""
  13072. "A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable "
  13073. "in a @code{for} statement or the selection variable in a @code{select} "
  13074. "statement is a readonly variable."
  13075. msgstr ""
  13076. #. type: enumerate
  13077. #: ./bashref.texi:7831
  13078. msgid ""
  13079. "Non-interactive shells exit if @var{filename} in @code{.} @var{filename} is "
  13080. "not found."
  13081. msgstr ""
  13082. #. type: enumerate
  13083. #: ./bashref.texi:7835
  13084. msgid ""
  13085. "Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion "
  13086. "results in an invalid expression."
  13087. msgstr ""
  13088. #. type: enumerate
  13089. #: ./bashref.texi:7838
  13090. msgid "Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs."
  13091. msgstr ""
  13092. #. type: enumerate
  13093. #: ./bashref.texi:7843
  13094. msgid ""
  13095. "Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read with "
  13096. "the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins, or in a string processed by the "
  13097. "@code{eval} builtin."
  13098. msgstr ""
  13099. #. type: enumerate
  13100. #: ./bashref.texi:7847
  13101. msgid ""
  13102. "While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the "
  13103. "@samp{#} and @samp{?} special parameters."
  13104. msgstr ""
  13105. #. type: enumerate
  13106. #: ./bashref.texi:7852
  13107. msgid ""
  13108. "When expanding the @samp{*} special parameter in a pattern context where the "
  13109. "expansion is double-quoted does not treat the @code{$*} as if it were "
  13110. "double-quoted."
  13111. msgstr ""
  13112. #. type: enumerate
  13113. #: ./bashref.texi:7856
  13114. msgid ""
  13115. "Assignment statements preceding @sc{posix} special builtins persist in the "
  13116. "shell environment after the builtin completes."
  13117. msgstr ""
  13118. #. type: enumerate
  13119. #: ./bashref.texi:7862
  13120. msgid ""
  13121. "The @code{command} builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment "
  13122. "statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements; when "
  13123. "not in @sc{posix} mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment statement "
  13124. "expansion properties when preceded by @code{command}."
  13125. msgstr ""
  13126. #. type: enumerate
  13127. #: ./bashref.texi:7867
  13128. msgid ""
  13129. "The @code{bg} builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed "
  13130. "in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job "
  13131. "is the current or previous job."
  13132. msgstr ""
  13133. #. type: enumerate
  13134. #: ./bashref.texi:7871
  13135. msgid ""
  13136. "The output of @samp{kill -l} prints all the signal names on a single line, "
  13137. "separated by spaces, without the @samp{SIG} prefix."
  13138. msgstr ""
  13139. #. type: enumerate
  13140. #: ./bashref.texi:7875
  13141. msgid ""
  13142. "The @code{kill} builtin does not accept signal names with a @samp{SIG} "
  13143. "prefix."
  13144. msgstr ""
  13145. #. type: enumerate
  13146. #: ./bashref.texi:7879
  13147. msgid ""
  13148. "The @code{export} and @code{readonly} builtin commands display their output "
  13149. "in the format required by @sc{posix}."
  13150. msgstr ""
  13151. #. type: enumerate
  13152. #: ./bashref.texi:7883
  13153. msgid ""
  13154. "The @code{trap} builtin displays signal names without the leading "
  13155. "@code{SIG}."
  13156. msgstr ""
  13157. #. type: enumerate
  13158. #: ./bashref.texi:7891
  13159. msgid ""
  13160. "The @code{trap} builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible "
  13161. "signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original "
  13162. "disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and is "
  13163. "a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given "
  13164. "signal to the original disposition, they should use @samp{-} as the first "
  13165. "argument."
  13166. msgstr ""
  13167. #. type: enumerate
  13168. #: ./bashref.texi:7895
  13169. msgid ""
  13170. "@code{trap -p} displays signals whose dispositions are set to SIG_DFL and "
  13171. "those that were ignored when the shell started."
  13172. msgstr ""
  13173. #. type: enumerate
  13174. #: ./bashref.texi:7899
  13175. msgid ""
  13176. "The @code{.} and @code{source} builtins do not search the current directory "
  13177. "for the filename argument if it is not found by searching @env{PATH}."
  13178. msgstr ""
  13179. #. type: enumerate
  13180. #: ./bashref.texi:7907
  13181. msgid ""
  13182. "Enabling @sc{posix} mode has the effect of setting the "
  13183. "@code{inherit_errexit} option, so subshells spawned to execute command "
  13184. "substitutions inherit the value of the @option{-e} option from the parent "
  13185. "shell. When the @code{inherit_errexit} option is not enabled, Bash clears "
  13186. "the @option{-e} option in such subshells."
  13187. msgstr ""
  13188. #. type: enumerate
  13189. #: ./bashref.texi:7913
  13190. msgid ""
  13191. "Enabling @sc{posix} mode has the effect of setting the @code{shift_verbose} "
  13192. "option, so numeric arguments to @code{shift} that exceed the number of "
  13193. "positional parameters will result in an error message."
  13194. msgstr ""
  13195. #. type: enumerate
  13196. #: ./bashref.texi:7918
  13197. msgid ""
  13198. "When the @code{alias} builtin displays alias definitions, it does not "
  13199. "display them with a leading @samp{alias } unless the @option{-p} option is "
  13200. "supplied."
  13201. msgstr ""
  13202. #. type: enumerate
  13203. #: ./bashref.texi:7922
  13204. msgid ""
  13205. "When the @code{set} builtin is invoked without options, it does not display "
  13206. "shell function names and definitions."
  13207. msgstr ""
  13208. #. type: enumerate
  13209. #: ./bashref.texi:7927
  13210. msgid ""
  13211. "When the @code{set} builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable "
  13212. "values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the "
  13213. "result contains nonprinting characters."
  13214. msgstr ""
  13215. #. type: enumerate
  13216. #: ./bashref.texi:7933
  13217. msgid ""
  13218. "When the @code{cd} builtin is invoked in @var{logical} mode, and the "
  13219. "pathname constructed from @code{$PWD} and the directory name supplied as an "
  13220. "argument does not refer to an existing directory, @code{cd} will fail "
  13221. "instead of falling back to @var{physical} mode."
  13222. msgstr ""
  13223. #. type: enumerate
  13224. #: ./bashref.texi:7940
  13225. msgid ""
  13226. "When the @code{cd} builtin cannot change a directory because the length of "
  13227. "the pathname constructed from @code{$PWD} and the directory name supplied as "
  13228. "an argument exceeds @var{PATH_MAX} when all symbolic links are expanded, "
  13229. "@code{cd} will fail instead of attempting to use only the supplied directory "
  13230. "name."
  13231. msgstr ""
  13232. #. type: enumerate
  13233. #: ./bashref.texi:7945
  13234. msgid ""
  13235. "The @code{pwd} builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the "
  13236. "current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the "
  13237. "@option{-P} option."
  13238. msgstr ""
  13239. #. type: enumerate
  13240. #: ./bashref.texi:7949
  13241. msgid ""
  13242. "When listing the history, the @code{fc} builtin does not include an "
  13243. "indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified."
  13244. msgstr ""
  13245. #. type: enumerate
  13246. #: ./bashref.texi:7952
  13247. msgid "The default editor used by @code{fc} is @code{ed}."
  13248. msgstr ""
  13249. #. type: enumerate
  13250. #: ./bashref.texi:7957
  13251. msgid ""
  13252. "The @code{type} and @code{command} builtins will not report a non-executable "
  13253. "file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a "
  13254. "file if it is the only so-named file found in @code{$PATH}."
  13255. msgstr ""
  13256. #. type: enumerate
  13257. #: ./bashref.texi:7962
  13258. msgid ""
  13259. "The @code{vi} editing mode will invoke the @code{vi} editor directly when "
  13260. "the @samp{v} command is run, instead of checking @code{$VISUAL} and "
  13261. "@code{$EDITOR}."
  13262. msgstr ""
  13263. #. type: enumerate
  13264. #: ./bashref.texi:7967
  13265. msgid ""
  13266. "When the @code{xpg_echo} option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to "
  13267. "interpret any arguments to @code{echo} as options. Each argument is "
  13268. "displayed, after escape characters are converted."
  13269. msgstr ""
  13270. #. type: enumerate
  13271. #: ./bashref.texi:7971
  13272. msgid ""
  13273. "The @code{ulimit} builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the @option{-c} "
  13274. "and @option{-f} options."
  13275. msgstr ""
  13276. #. type: enumerate
  13277. #: ./bashref.texi:7976
  13278. msgid ""
  13279. "The arrival of @code{SIGCHLD} when a trap is set on @code{SIGCHLD} does not "
  13280. "interrupt the @code{wait} builtin and cause it to return immediately. The "
  13281. "trap command is run once for each child that exits."
  13282. msgstr ""
  13283. #. type: enumerate
  13284. #: ./bashref.texi:7982
  13285. msgid ""
  13286. "The @code{read} builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has "
  13287. "been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing @code{read}, "
  13288. "the trap handler executes and @code{read} returns an exit status greater "
  13289. "than 128."
  13290. msgstr ""
  13291. #. type: enumerate
  13292. #: ./bashref.texi:7986
  13293. msgid ""
  13294. "Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such "
  13295. "statuses after the @code{wait} builtin is used to obtain it."
  13296. msgstr ""
  13297. #. type: Plain text
  13298. #: ./bashref.texi:7992
  13299. msgid ""
  13300. "There is other @sc{posix} behavior that Bash does not implement by default "
  13301. "even when in @sc{posix} mode. Specifically:"
  13302. msgstr ""
  13303. #. type: enumerate
  13304. #: ./bashref.texi:7999
  13305. msgid ""
  13306. "The @code{fc} builtin checks @code{$EDITOR} as a program to edit history "
  13307. "entries if @code{FCEDIT} is unset, rather than defaulting directly to "
  13308. "@code{ed}. @code{fc} uses @code{ed} if @code{EDITOR} is unset."
  13309. msgstr ""
  13310. #. type: enumerate
  13311. #: ./bashref.texi:8003
  13312. msgid ""
  13313. "As noted above, Bash requires the @code{xpg_echo} option to be enabled for "
  13314. "the @code{echo} builtin to be fully conformant."
  13315. msgstr ""
  13316. #. type: Plain text
  13317. #: ./bashref.texi:8009
  13318. msgid ""
  13319. "Bash can be configured to be @sc{posix}-conformant by default, by specifying "
  13320. "the @option{--enable-strict-posix-default} to @code{configure} when building "
  13321. "(@pxref{Optional Features})."
  13322. msgstr ""
  13323. #. type: cindex
  13324. #: ./bashref.texi:8012
  13325. #, no-wrap
  13326. msgid "Compatibility Level"
  13327. msgstr ""
  13328. #. type: cindex
  13329. #: ./bashref.texi:8013
  13330. #, no-wrap
  13331. msgid "Compatibility Mode"
  13332. msgstr ""
  13333. #. type: Plain text
  13334. #: ./bashref.texi:8028
  13335. msgid ""
  13336. "Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified "
  13337. "as a set of options to the shopt builtin (@code{compat31}, @code{compat32}, "
  13338. "@code{compat40}, @code{compat41}, and so on). There is only one current "
  13339. "compatibility level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility "
  13340. "level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions "
  13341. "that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use "
  13342. "current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solution."
  13343. msgstr ""
  13344. #. type: Plain text
  13345. #: ./bashref.texi:8033
  13346. msgid ""
  13347. "This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particular "
  13348. "version (e.g., setting @code{compat32} means that quoting the rhs of the "
  13349. "regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, which "
  13350. "is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above)."
  13351. msgstr ""
  13352. #. type: Plain text
  13353. #: ./bashref.texi:8046
  13354. msgid ""
  13355. "If a user enables, say, @code{compat32}, it may affect the behavior of other "
  13356. "compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility level. "
  13357. "The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior that changed in "
  13358. "that version of Bash, but that behavior may have been present in earlier "
  13359. "versions. For instance, the change to use locale-based comparisons with the "
  13360. "@code{[[} command came in bash-4.1, and earlier versions used ASCII-based "
  13361. "comparisons, so enabling @code{compat32} will enable ASCII-based comparisons "
  13362. "as well. That granularity may not be sufficient for all uses, and as a "
  13363. "result users should employ compatibility levels carefully. Read the "
  13364. "documentation for a particular feature to find out the current behavior."
  13365. msgstr ""
  13366. #. type: Plain text
  13367. #: ./bashref.texi:8052
  13368. msgid ""
  13369. "Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: @env{BASH_COMPAT}. The value "
  13370. "assigned to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an integer "
  13371. "corresponding to the @code{compat}@var{NN} option, like 42) determines the "
  13372. "compatibility level."
  13373. msgstr ""
  13374. #. type: Plain text
  13375. #: ./bashref.texi:8056
  13376. msgid ""
  13377. "Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility "
  13378. "levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of "
  13379. "@env{BASH_COMPAT}."
  13380. msgstr ""
  13381. #. type: Plain text
  13382. #: ./bashref.texi:8060
  13383. msgid ""
  13384. "Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual shopt "
  13385. "option for the previous version. Users should use @env{BASH_COMPAT} on "
  13386. "bash-5.0 and later versions."
  13387. msgstr ""
  13388. #. type: Plain text
  13389. #: ./bashref.texi:8070
  13390. msgid ""
  13391. "The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each "
  13392. "compatibility level setting. The @code{compat}@var{NN} tag is used as "
  13393. "shorthand for setting the compatibility level to @var{NN} using one of the "
  13394. "following mechanisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility "
  13395. "level may be set using the corresponding @code{compat}@var{NN} shopt "
  13396. "option. For bash-4.3 and later versions, the @env{BASH_COMPAT} variable is "
  13397. "preferred, and it is required for bash-5.1 and later versions."
  13398. msgstr ""
  13399. #. type: itemize
  13400. #: ./bashref.texi:8077
  13401. msgid ""
  13402. "quoting the rhs of the @code{[[} command's regexp matching operator (=~) "
  13403. "has no special effect"
  13404. msgstr ""
  13405. #. type: itemize
  13406. #: ./bashref.texi:8087
  13407. msgid ""
  13408. "interrupting a command list such as \"a ; b ; c\" causes the execution of "
  13409. "the next command in the list (in bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts "
  13410. "as if it received the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a list "
  13411. "aborts the execution of the entire list)"
  13412. msgstr ""
  13413. #. type: itemize
  13414. #: ./bashref.texi:8098
  13415. msgid ""
  13416. "the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators to the @code{[[} command do not consider "
  13417. "the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII ordering. Bash "
  13418. "versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); bash-4.1 and "
  13419. "later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3)."
  13420. msgstr ""
  13421. #. type: itemize
  13422. #: ./bashref.texi:8105
  13423. msgid ""
  13424. "in posix mode, @code{time} may be followed by options and still be "
  13425. "recognized as a reserved word (this is @sc{posix} interpretation 267)"
  13426. msgstr ""
  13427. #. type: itemize
  13428. #: ./bashref.texi:8111
  13429. msgid ""
  13430. "in posix mode, the parser requires that an even number of single quotes "
  13431. "occur in the @var{word} portion of a double-quoted $@{@dots{}@} parameter "
  13432. "expansion and treats them specially, so that characters within the single "
  13433. "quotes are considered quoted (this is @sc{posix} interpretation 221)"
  13434. msgstr ""
  13435. #. type: itemize
  13436. #: ./bashref.texi:8118
  13437. msgid ""
  13438. "the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitution does not "
  13439. "undergo quote removal, as it does in versions after bash-4.2"
  13440. msgstr ""
  13441. #. type: itemize
  13442. #: ./bashref.texi:8125
  13443. msgid ""
  13444. "in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when expanding the "
  13445. "@var{word} portion of a double-quoted $@{@dots{}@} parameter expansion and "
  13446. "can be used to quote a closing brace or other special character (this is "
  13447. "part of @sc{posix} interpretation 221); in later versions, single quotes are "
  13448. "not special within double-quoted word expansions"
  13449. msgstr ""
  13450. #. type: itemize
  13451. #: ./bashref.texi:8134
  13452. msgid ""
  13453. "the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt is made to use a "
  13454. "quoted compound assignment as an argument to declare (declare -a foo='(1 "
  13455. "2)'). Later versions warn that this usage is deprecated"
  13456. msgstr ""
  13457. #. type: itemize
  13458. #: ./bashref.texi:8139
  13459. msgid ""
  13460. "word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors that cause the current "
  13461. "command to fail, even in posix mode (the default behavior is to make them "
  13462. "fatal errors that cause the shell to exit)"
  13463. msgstr ""
  13464. #. type: itemize
  13465. #: ./bashref.texi:8144
  13466. msgid ""
  13467. "when executing a shell function, the loop state (while/until/etc.) is not "
  13468. "reset, so @code{break} or @code{continue} in that function will break or "
  13469. "continue loops in the calling context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop "
  13470. "state to prevent this"
  13471. msgstr ""
  13472. #. type: itemize
  13473. #: ./bashref.texi:8152
  13474. msgid ""
  13475. "the shell sets up the values used by @env{BASH_ARGV} and @env{BASH_ARGC} so "
  13476. "they can expand to the shell's positional parameters even if extended "
  13477. "debugging mode is not enabled"
  13478. msgstr ""
  13479. #. type: itemize
  13480. #: ./bashref.texi:8156
  13481. msgid ""
  13482. "a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so @code{break} or "
  13483. "@code{continue} will cause the subshell to exit. Bash-5.0 and later reset "
  13484. "the loop state to prevent the exit"
  13485. msgstr ""
  13486. #. type: itemize
  13487. #: ./bashref.texi:8161
  13488. msgid ""
  13489. "variable assignments preceding builtins like @code{export} and "
  13490. "@code{readonly} that set attributes continue to affect variables with the "
  13491. "same name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in posix mode"
  13492. msgstr ""
  13493. #. type: item
  13494. #: ./bashref.texi:8163
  13495. #, no-wrap
  13496. msgid "compat50 (set using BASH_COMPAT)"
  13497. msgstr ""
  13498. #. type: itemize
  13499. #: ./bashref.texi:8171
  13500. msgid ""
  13501. "Bash-5.1 changed the way @code{$RANDOM} is generated to introduce slightly "
  13502. "more randomness. If the shell compatibility level is set to 50 or lower, it "
  13503. "reverts to the method from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the "
  13504. "random number generator by assigning a value to @env{RANDOM} will produce "
  13505. "the same sequence as in bash-5.0"
  13506. msgstr ""
  13507. #. type: itemize
  13508. #: ./bashref.texi:8176
  13509. msgid ""
  13510. "If the command hash table is empty, Bash versions prior to bash-5.1 printed "
  13511. "an informational message to that effect, even when producing output that can "
  13512. "be reused as input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the @option{-l} "
  13513. "option is supplied."
  13514. msgstr ""
  13515. #. type: Plain text
  13516. #: ./bashref.texi:8184
  13517. msgid ""
  13518. "This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how Bash "
  13519. "allows you to access its facilities."
  13520. msgstr ""
  13521. #. type: section
  13522. #: ./bashref.texi:8191 ./bashref.texi:8193 ./bashref.texi:8194
  13523. #, no-wrap
  13524. msgid "Job Control Basics"
  13525. msgstr ""
  13526. #. type: menuentry
  13527. #: ./bashref.texi:8191
  13528. msgid "How job control works."
  13529. msgstr ""
  13530. #. type: section
  13531. #: ./bashref.texi:8191 ./bashref.texi:8304 ./bashref.texi:8305
  13532. #, no-wrap
  13533. msgid "Job Control Builtins"
  13534. msgstr ""
  13535. #. type: menuentry
  13536. #: ./bashref.texi:8191
  13537. msgid "Bash builtin commands used to interact with job control."
  13538. msgstr ""
  13539. #. type: section
  13540. #: ./bashref.texi:8191 ./bashref.texi:8464 ./bashref.texi:8465
  13541. #, no-wrap
  13542. msgid "Job Control Variables"
  13543. msgstr ""
  13544. #. type: menuentry
  13545. #: ./bashref.texi:8191
  13546. msgid "Variables Bash uses to customize job control."
  13547. msgstr ""
  13548. #. type: cindex
  13549. #: ./bashref.texi:8196
  13550. #, no-wrap
  13551. msgid "foreground"
  13552. msgstr ""
  13553. #. type: cindex
  13554. #: ./bashref.texi:8197
  13555. #, no-wrap
  13556. msgid "background"
  13557. msgstr ""
  13558. #. type: cindex
  13559. #: ./bashref.texi:8198
  13560. #, no-wrap
  13561. msgid "suspending jobs"
  13562. msgstr ""
  13563. #. type: Plain text
  13564. #: ./bashref.texi:8206
  13565. msgid ""
  13566. "Job control refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend) the "
  13567. "execution of processes and continue (resume) their execution at a later "
  13568. "point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive interface "
  13569. "supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and Bash."
  13570. msgstr ""
  13571. #. type: Plain text
  13572. #: ./bashref.texi:8212
  13573. msgid ""
  13574. "The shell associates a @var{job} with each pipeline. It keeps a table of "
  13575. "currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the @code{jobs} command. "
  13576. "When Bash starts a job asynchronously, it prints a line that looks like:"
  13577. msgstr ""
  13578. #. type: example
  13579. #: ./bashref.texi:8214
  13580. #, no-wrap
  13581. msgid "[1] 25647\n"
  13582. msgstr ""
  13583. #. type: Plain text
  13584. #: ./bashref.texi:8221
  13585. msgid ""
  13586. "indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process @sc{id} of the "
  13587. "last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of the "
  13588. "processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. Bash uses the "
  13589. "@var{job} abstraction as the basis for job control."
  13590. msgstr ""
  13591. #. type: Plain text
  13592. #: ./bashref.texi:8237
  13593. msgid ""
  13594. "To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the "
  13595. "operating system maintains the notion of a current terminal process group "
  13596. "@sc{id}. Members of this process group (processes whose process group "
  13597. "@sc{id} is equal to the current terminal process group @sc{id}) receive "
  13598. "keyboard-generated signals such as @code{SIGINT}. These processes are said "
  13599. "to be in the foreground. Background processes are those whose process group "
  13600. "@sc{id} differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to "
  13601. "keyboard-generated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read "
  13602. "from or, if the user so specifies with @code{stty tostop}, write to the "
  13603. "terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when "
  13604. "@code{stty tostop} is in effect) the terminal are sent a @code{SIGTTIN} "
  13605. "(@code{SIGTTOU}) signal by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless "
  13606. "caught, suspends the process."
  13607. msgstr ""
  13608. #. type: Plain text
  13609. #: ./bashref.texi:8251
  13610. msgid ""
  13611. "If the operating system on which Bash is running supports job control, Bash "
  13612. "contains facilities to use it. Typing the @var{suspend} character "
  13613. "(typically @samp{^Z}, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that "
  13614. "process to be stopped and returns control to Bash. Typing the @var{delayed "
  13615. "suspend} character (typically @samp{^Y}, Control-Y) causes the process to be "
  13616. "stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be "
  13617. "returned to Bash. The user then manipulates the state of this job, using "
  13618. "the @code{bg} command to continue it in the background, the @code{fg} "
  13619. "command to continue it in the foreground, or the @code{kill} command to kill "
  13620. "it. A @samp{^Z} takes effect immediately, and has the additional side "
  13621. "effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded."
  13622. msgstr ""
  13623. #. type: Plain text
  13624. #: ./bashref.texi:8254
  13625. msgid ""
  13626. "There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The character "
  13627. "@samp{%} introduces a job specification (@var{jobspec})."
  13628. msgstr ""
  13629. #. type: Plain text
  13630. #: ./bashref.texi:8267
  13631. msgid ""
  13632. "Job number @code{n} may be referred to as @samp{%n}. The symbols @samp{%%} "
  13633. "and @samp{%+} refer to the shell's notion of the current job, which is the "
  13634. "last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the "
  13635. "background. A single @samp{%} (with no accompanying job specification) also "
  13636. "refers to the current job. The previous job may be referenced using "
  13637. "@samp{%-}. If there is only a single job, @samp{%+} and @samp{%-} can both "
  13638. "be used to refer to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the "
  13639. "output of the @code{jobs} command), the current job is always flagged with a "
  13640. "@samp{+}, and the previous job with a @samp{-}."
  13641. msgstr ""
  13642. #. type: Plain text
  13643. #: ./bashref.texi:8276
  13644. msgid ""
  13645. "A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, "
  13646. "or using a substring that appears in its command line. For example, "
  13647. "@samp{%ce} refers to a stopped job whose command name begins with "
  13648. "@samp{ce}. Using @samp{%?ce}, on the other hand, refers to any job "
  13649. "containing the string @samp{ce} in its command line. If the prefix or "
  13650. "substring matches more than one job, Bash reports an error."
  13651. msgstr ""
  13652. #. type: Plain text
  13653. #: ./bashref.texi:8281
  13654. msgid ""
  13655. "Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: @samp{%1} "
  13656. "is a synonym for @samp{fg %1}, bringing job 1 from the background into the "
  13657. "foreground. Similarly, @samp{%1 &} resumes job 1 in the background, "
  13658. "equivalent to @samp{bg %1}"
  13659. msgstr ""
  13660. #. type: Plain text
  13661. #: ./bashref.texi:8290
  13662. msgid ""
  13663. "The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, Bash "
  13664. "waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes in a "
  13665. "job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the @option{-b} "
  13666. "option to the @code{set} builtin is enabled, Bash reports such changes "
  13667. "immediately (@pxref{The Set Builtin}). Any trap on @code{SIGCHLD} is "
  13668. "executed for each child process that exits."
  13669. msgstr ""
  13670. #. type: Plain text
  13671. #: ./bashref.texi:8298
  13672. msgid ""
  13673. "If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if "
  13674. "the @code{checkjobs} option is enabled -- see @ref{The Shopt Builtin}), the "
  13675. "shell prints a warning message, and if the @code{checkjobs} option is "
  13676. "enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The @code{jobs} command may "
  13677. "then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is made "
  13678. "without an intervening command, Bash does not print another warning, and any "
  13679. "stopped jobs are terminated."
  13680. msgstr ""
  13681. #. type: Plain text
  13682. #: ./bashref.texi:8303
  13683. msgid ""
  13684. "When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the @code{wait} "
  13685. "builtin, and job control is enabled, @code{wait} will return when the job "
  13686. "changes state. The @option{-f} option causes @code{wait} to wait until the "
  13687. "job or process terminates before returning."
  13688. msgstr ""
  13689. #. type: btindex
  13690. #: ./bashref.texi:8309 ./bashref.texi:8310
  13691. #, no-wrap
  13692. msgid "bg"
  13693. msgstr ""
  13694. #. type: example
  13695. #: ./bashref.texi:8313
  13696. #, no-wrap
  13697. msgid "bg [@var{jobspec} @dots{}]\n"
  13698. msgstr ""
  13699. #. type: table
  13700. #: ./bashref.texi:8322
  13701. msgid ""
  13702. "Resume each suspended job @var{jobspec} in the background, as if it had been "
  13703. "started with @samp{&}. If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is "
  13704. "used. The return status is zero unless it is run when job control is not "
  13705. "enabled, or, when run with job control enabled, any @var{jobspec} was not "
  13706. "found or specifies a job that was started without job control."
  13707. msgstr ""
  13708. #. type: btindex
  13709. #: ./bashref.texi:8323 ./bashref.texi:8324
  13710. #, no-wrap
  13711. msgid "fg"
  13712. msgstr ""
  13713. #. type: example
  13714. #: ./bashref.texi:8327
  13715. #, no-wrap
  13716. msgid "fg [@var{jobspec}]\n"
  13717. msgstr ""
  13718. #. type: table
  13719. #: ./bashref.texi:8335
  13720. msgid ""
  13721. "Resume the job @var{jobspec} in the foreground and make it the current job. "
  13722. "If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is used. The return "
  13723. "status is that of the command placed into the foreground, or non-zero if run "
  13724. "when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, "
  13725. "@var{jobspec} does not specify a valid job or @var{jobspec} specifies a job "
  13726. "that was started without job control."
  13727. msgstr ""
  13728. #. type: btindex
  13729. #: ./bashref.texi:8336 ./bashref.texi:8337
  13730. #, no-wrap
  13731. msgid "jobs"
  13732. msgstr ""
  13733. #. type: example
  13734. #: ./bashref.texi:8341
  13735. #, no-wrap
  13736. msgid ""
  13737. "jobs [-lnprs] [@var{jobspec}]\n"
  13738. "jobs -x @var{command} [@var{arguments}]\n"
  13739. msgstr ""
  13740. #. type: table
  13741. #: ./bashref.texi:8345
  13742. msgid ""
  13743. "The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the following "
  13744. "meanings:"
  13745. msgstr ""
  13746. #. type: table
  13747. #: ./bashref.texi:8349
  13748. msgid "List process @sc{id}s in addition to the normal information."
  13749. msgstr ""
  13750. #. type: table
  13751. #: ./bashref.texi:8353
  13752. msgid ""
  13753. "Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user "
  13754. "was last notified of their status."
  13755. msgstr ""
  13756. #. type: table
  13757. #: ./bashref.texi:8356
  13758. msgid "List only the process @sc{id} of the job's process group leader."
  13759. msgstr ""
  13760. #. type: table
  13761. #: ./bashref.texi:8359
  13762. msgid "Display only running jobs."
  13763. msgstr ""
  13764. #. type: table
  13765. #: ./bashref.texi:8362
  13766. msgid "Display only stopped jobs."
  13767. msgstr ""
  13768. #. type: table
  13769. #: ./bashref.texi:8368
  13770. msgid ""
  13771. "If @var{jobspec} is given, output is restricted to information about that "
  13772. "job. If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the status of all jobs is listed."
  13773. msgstr ""
  13774. #. type: table
  13775. #: ./bashref.texi:8373
  13776. msgid ""
  13777. "If the @option{-x} option is supplied, @code{jobs} replaces any "
  13778. "@var{jobspec} found in @var{command} or @var{arguments} with the "
  13779. "corresponding process group @sc{id}, and executes @var{command}, passing it "
  13780. "@var{argument}s, returning its exit status."
  13781. msgstr ""
  13782. #. type: btindex
  13783. #: ./bashref.texi:8374 ./bashref.texi:8375
  13784. #, no-wrap
  13785. msgid "kill"
  13786. msgstr ""
  13787. #. type: example
  13788. #: ./bashref.texi:8379
  13789. #, no-wrap
  13790. msgid ""
  13791. "kill [-s @var{sigspec}] [-n @var{signum}] [-@var{sigspec}] @var{jobspec} or "
  13792. "@var{pid}\n"
  13793. "kill -l|-L [@var{exit_status}]\n"
  13794. msgstr ""
  13795. #. type: table
  13796. #: ./bashref.texi:8396
  13797. msgid ""
  13798. "Send a signal specified by @var{sigspec} or @var{signum} to the process "
  13799. "named by job specification @var{jobspec} or process @sc{id} @var{pid}. "
  13800. "@var{sigspec} is either a case-insensitive signal name such as @code{SIGINT} "
  13801. "(with or without the @code{SIG} prefix) or a signal number; @var{signum} is "
  13802. "a signal number. If @var{sigspec} and @var{signum} are not present, "
  13803. "@code{SIGTERM} is used. The @option{-l} option lists the signal names. If "
  13804. "any arguments are supplied when @option{-l} is given, the names of the "
  13805. "signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is "
  13806. "zero. @var{exit_status} is a number specifying a signal number or the exit "
  13807. "status of a process terminated by a signal. The @option{-L} option is "
  13808. "equivalent to @option{-l}. The return status is zero if at least one signal "
  13809. "was successfully sent, or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option "
  13810. "is encountered."
  13811. msgstr ""
  13812. #. type: btindex
  13813. #: ./bashref.texi:8397 ./bashref.texi:8398
  13814. #, no-wrap
  13815. msgid "wait"
  13816. msgstr ""
  13817. #. type: example
  13818. #: ./bashref.texi:8401
  13819. #, no-wrap
  13820. msgid "wait [-fn] [-p @var{varname}] [@var{jobspec} or @var{pid} @dots{}]\n"
  13821. msgstr ""
  13822. #. type: table
  13823. #: ./bashref.texi:8430
  13824. msgid ""
  13825. "Wait until the child process specified by each process @sc{id} @var{pid} or "
  13826. "job specification @var{jobspec} exits and return the exit status of the last "
  13827. "command waited for. If a job spec is given, all processes in the job are "
  13828. "waited for. If no arguments are given, @code{wait} waits for all running "
  13829. "background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if its process "
  13830. "id is the same as @var{$!}, and the return status is zero. If the "
  13831. "@option{-n} option is supplied, @code{wait} waits for a single job from the "
  13832. "list of @var{pids} or @var{jobspecs} or, if no arguments are supplied, any "
  13833. "job, to complete and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied "
  13834. "arguments is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the "
  13835. "shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If the "
  13836. "@option{-p} option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the job for "
  13837. "which the exit status is returned is assigned to the variable @var{varname} "
  13838. "named by the option argument. The variable will be unset initially, before "
  13839. "any assignment. This is useful only when the @option{-n} option is "
  13840. "supplied. Supplying the @option{-f} option, when job control is enabled, "
  13841. "forces @code{wait} to wait for each @var{pid} or @var{jobspec} to terminate "
  13842. "before returning its status, intead of returning when it changes status. If "
  13843. "neither @var{jobspec} nor @var{pid} specifies an active child process of the "
  13844. "shell, the return status is 127."
  13845. msgstr ""
  13846. #. type: btindex
  13847. #: ./bashref.texi:8431 ./bashref.texi:8432
  13848. #, no-wrap
  13849. msgid "disown"
  13850. msgstr ""
  13851. #. type: example
  13852. #: ./bashref.texi:8435
  13853. #, no-wrap
  13854. msgid "disown [-ar] [-h] [@var{jobspec} @dots{} | @var{pid} @dots{} ]\n"
  13855. msgstr ""
  13856. #. type: table
  13857. #: ./bashref.texi:8447
  13858. msgid ""
  13859. "Without options, remove each @var{jobspec} from the table of active jobs. "
  13860. "If the @option{-h} option is given, the job is not removed from the table, "
  13861. "but is marked so that @code{SIGHUP} is not sent to the job if the shell "
  13862. "receives a @code{SIGHUP}. If @var{jobspec} is not present, and neither the "
  13863. "@option{-a} nor the @option{-r} option is supplied, the current job is "
  13864. "used. If no @var{jobspec} is supplied, the @option{-a} option means to "
  13865. "remove or mark all jobs; the @option{-r} option without a @var{jobspec} "
  13866. "argument restricts operation to running jobs."
  13867. msgstr ""
  13868. #. type: btindex
  13869. #: ./bashref.texi:8448 ./bashref.texi:8449
  13870. #, no-wrap
  13871. msgid "suspend"
  13872. msgstr ""
  13873. #. type: example
  13874. #: ./bashref.texi:8452
  13875. #, no-wrap
  13876. msgid "suspend [-f]\n"
  13877. msgstr ""
  13878. #. type: table
  13879. #: ./bashref.texi:8458
  13880. msgid ""
  13881. "Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a @code{SIGCONT} "
  13882. "signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the @option{-f} option can be "
  13883. "used to override this and force the suspension."
  13884. msgstr ""
  13885. #. type: Plain text
  13886. #: ./bashref.texi:8463
  13887. msgid ""
  13888. "When job control is not active, the @code{kill} and @code{wait} builtins do "
  13889. "not accept @var{jobspec} arguments. They must be supplied process @sc{id}s."
  13890. msgstr ""
  13891. #. type: item
  13892. #: ./bashref.texi:8469
  13893. #, no-wrap
  13894. msgid "auto_resume"
  13895. msgstr ""
  13896. #. type: Plain text
  13897. #: ./bashref.texi:8486
  13898. msgid ""
  13899. "This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and job "
  13900. "control. If this variable exists then single word simple commands without "
  13901. "redirections are treated as candidates for resumption of an existing job. "
  13902. "There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is more than one job beginning with "
  13903. "the string typed, then the most recently accessed job will be selected. The "
  13904. "name of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start "
  13905. "it. If this variable is set to the value @samp{exact}, the string supplied "
  13906. "must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to @samp{substring}, "
  13907. "the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a stopped "
  13908. "job. The @samp{substring} value provides functionality analogous to the "
  13909. "@samp{%?} job @sc{id} (@pxref{Job Control Basics}). If set to any other "
  13910. "value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this "
  13911. "provides functionality analogous to the @samp{%} job @sc{id}."
  13912. msgstr ""
  13913. #. type: cindex
  13914. #: ./bashref.texi:8491
  13915. #, no-wrap
  13916. msgid "Readline, how to use"
  13917. msgstr ""
  13918. #. type: include
  13919. #: ./bashref.texi:8492
  13920. #, no-wrap
  13921. msgid "rluser.texi"
  13922. msgstr ""
  13923. #. type: cindex
  13924. #: ./bashref.texi:8493
  13925. #, no-wrap
  13926. msgid "History, how to use"
  13927. msgstr ""
  13928. #. type: include
  13929. #: ./bashref.texi:8494
  13930. #, no-wrap
  13931. msgid "hsuser.texi"
  13932. msgstr ""
  13933. #. type: Plain text
  13934. #: ./bashref.texi:8507
  13935. msgid ""
  13936. "This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on the various "
  13937. "supported platforms. The distribution supports the @sc{gnu} operating "
  13938. "systems, nearly every version of Unix, and several non-Unix systems such as "
  13939. "BeOS and Interix. Other independent ports exist for @sc{ms-dos}, @sc{os/2}, "
  13940. "and Windows platforms."
  13941. msgstr ""
  13942. #. type: section
  13943. #: ./bashref.texi:8522 ./bashref.texi:8524 ./bashref.texi:8525
  13944. #, no-wrap
  13945. msgid "Basic Installation"
  13946. msgstr ""
  13947. #. type: menuentry
  13948. #: ./bashref.texi:8522
  13949. msgid "Installation instructions."
  13950. msgstr ""
  13951. #. type: section
  13952. #: ./bashref.texi:8522 ./bashref.texi:8620 ./bashref.texi:8621
  13953. #, no-wrap
  13954. msgid "Compilers and Options"
  13955. msgstr ""
  13956. #. type: menuentry
  13957. #: ./bashref.texi:8522
  13958. msgid "How to set special options for various systems."
  13959. msgstr ""
  13960. #. type: section
  13961. #: ./bashref.texi:8522 ./bashref.texi:8642 ./bashref.texi:8643
  13962. #, no-wrap
  13963. msgid "Compiling For Multiple Architectures"
  13964. msgstr ""
  13965. #. type: menuentry
  13966. #: ./bashref.texi:8522
  13967. msgid ""
  13968. "How to compile Bash for more than one kind of system from the same source "
  13969. "tree."
  13970. msgstr ""
  13971. #. type: section
  13972. #: ./bashref.texi:8522 ./bashref.texi:8679 ./bashref.texi:8680
  13973. #, no-wrap
  13974. msgid "Installation Names"
  13975. msgstr ""
  13976. #. type: menuentry
  13977. #: ./bashref.texi:8522
  13978. msgid "How to set the various paths used by the installation."
  13979. msgstr ""
  13980. #. type: section
  13981. #: ./bashref.texi:8522 ./bashref.texi:8696 ./bashref.texi:8697
  13982. #, no-wrap
  13983. msgid "Specifying the System Type"
  13984. msgstr ""
  13985. #. type: menuentry
  13986. #: ./bashref.texi:8522
  13987. msgid "How to configure Bash for a particular system."
  13988. msgstr ""
  13989. #. type: section
  13990. #: ./bashref.texi:8522 ./bashref.texi:8711 ./bashref.texi:8712
  13991. #, no-wrap
  13992. msgid "Sharing Defaults"
  13993. msgstr ""
  13994. #. type: menuentry
  13995. #: ./bashref.texi:8522
  13996. msgid "How to share default configuration values among GNU programs."
  13997. msgstr ""
  13998. #. type: section
  13999. #: ./bashref.texi:8522 ./bashref.texi:8724 ./bashref.texi:8725
  14000. #, no-wrap
  14001. msgid "Operation Controls"
  14002. msgstr ""
  14003. #. type: menuentry
  14004. #: ./bashref.texi:8522
  14005. msgid "Options recognized by the configuration program."
  14006. msgstr ""
  14007. #. type: section
  14008. #: ./bashref.texi:8522 ./bashref.texi:8758 ./bashref.texi:8759
  14009. #, no-wrap
  14010. msgid "Optional Features"
  14011. msgstr ""
  14012. #. type: menuentry
  14013. #: ./bashref.texi:8522
  14014. msgid "How to enable and disable optional features when building Bash."
  14015. msgstr ""
  14016. #. type: cindex
  14017. #: ./bashref.texi:8526
  14018. #, no-wrap
  14019. msgid "installation"
  14020. msgstr ""
  14021. #. type: cindex
  14022. #: ./bashref.texi:8527
  14023. #, no-wrap
  14024. msgid "configuration"
  14025. msgstr ""
  14026. #. type: cindex
  14027. #: ./bashref.texi:8528
  14028. #, no-wrap
  14029. msgid "Bash installation"
  14030. msgstr ""
  14031. #. type: cindex
  14032. #: ./bashref.texi:8529
  14033. #, no-wrap
  14034. msgid "Bash configuration"
  14035. msgstr ""
  14036. #. type: Plain text
  14037. #: ./bashref.texi:8532
  14038. msgid "These are installation instructions for Bash."
  14039. msgstr ""
  14040. #. type: Plain text
  14041. #: ./bashref.texi:8534
  14042. msgid "The simplest way to compile Bash is:"
  14043. msgstr ""
  14044. #. type: enumerate
  14045. #: ./bashref.texi:8542
  14046. msgid ""
  14047. "@code{cd} to the directory containing the source code and type "
  14048. "@samp{./configure} to configure Bash for your system. If you're using "
  14049. "@code{csh} on an old version of System V, you might need to type @samp{sh "
  14050. "./configure} instead to prevent @code{csh} from trying to execute "
  14051. "@code{configure} itself."
  14052. msgstr ""
  14053. #. type: enumerate
  14054. #: ./bashref.texi:8546
  14055. msgid ""
  14056. "Running @code{configure} takes some time. While running, it prints messages "
  14057. "telling which features it is checking for."
  14058. msgstr ""
  14059. #. type: enumerate
  14060. #: ./bashref.texi:8550
  14061. msgid ""
  14062. "Type @samp{make} to compile Bash and build the @code{bashbug} bug reporting "
  14063. "script."
  14064. msgstr ""
  14065. #. type: enumerate
  14066. #: ./bashref.texi:8553
  14067. msgid "Optionally, type @samp{make tests} to run the Bash test suite."
  14068. msgstr ""
  14069. #. type: enumerate
  14070. #: ./bashref.texi:8557
  14071. msgid ""
  14072. "Type @samp{make install} to install @code{bash} and @code{bashbug}. This "
  14073. "will also install the manual pages and Info file."
  14074. msgstr ""
  14075. #. type: Plain text
  14076. #: ./bashref.texi:8575
  14077. msgid ""
  14078. "The @code{configure} shell script attempts to guess correct values for "
  14079. "various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses those "
  14080. "values to create a @file{Makefile} in each directory of the package (the top "
  14081. "directory, the @file{builtins}, @file{doc}, and @file{support} directories, "
  14082. "each directory under @file{lib}, and several others). It also creates a "
  14083. "@file{config.h} file containing system-dependent definitions. Finally, it "
  14084. "creates a shell script named @code{config.status} that you can run in the "
  14085. "future to recreate the current configuration, a file @file{config.cache} "
  14086. "that saves the results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring, and a file "
  14087. "@file{config.log} containing compiler output (useful mainly for debugging "
  14088. "@code{configure}). If at some point @file{config.cache} contains results "
  14089. "you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it."
  14090. msgstr ""
  14091. #. type: Plain text
  14092. #: ./bashref.texi:8578
  14093. msgid ""
  14094. "To find out more about the options and arguments that the @code{configure} "
  14095. "script understands, type"
  14096. msgstr ""
  14097. #. type: example
  14098. #: ./bashref.texi:8581
  14099. #, no-wrap
  14100. msgid "bash-4.2$ ./configure --help\n"
  14101. msgstr ""
  14102. #. type: Plain text
  14103. #: ./bashref.texi:8585
  14104. msgid "at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory."
  14105. msgstr ""
  14106. #. type: Plain text
  14107. #: ./bashref.texi:8591
  14108. msgid ""
  14109. "If you want to build Bash in a directory separate from the source directory "
  14110. "-- to build for multiple architectures, for example -- just use the full "
  14111. "path to the configure script. The following commands will build bash in a "
  14112. "directory under @file{/usr/local/build} from the source code in "
  14113. "@file{/usr/local/src/bash-4.4}:"
  14114. msgstr ""
  14115. #. type: example
  14116. #: ./bashref.texi:8597
  14117. #, no-wrap
  14118. msgid ""
  14119. "mkdir /usr/local/build/bash-4.4\n"
  14120. "cd /usr/local/build/bash-4.4\n"
  14121. "bash /usr/local/src/bash-4.4/configure\n"
  14122. "make\n"
  14123. msgstr ""
  14124. #. type: Plain text
  14125. #: ./bashref.texi:8601
  14126. msgid ""
  14127. "See @ref{Compiling For Multiple Architectures} for more information about "
  14128. "building in a directory separate from the source."
  14129. msgstr ""
  14130. #. type: Plain text
  14131. #: ./bashref.texi:8607
  14132. msgid ""
  14133. "If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please try to figure out "
  14134. "how @code{configure} could check whether or not to do them, and mail diffs "
  14135. "or instructions to @email{bash-maintainers@@gnu.org} so they can be "
  14136. "considered for the next release."
  14137. msgstr ""
  14138. #. type: Plain text
  14139. #: ./bashref.texi:8614
  14140. msgid ""
  14141. "The file @file{configure.ac} is used to create @code{configure} by a program "
  14142. "called Autoconf. You only need @file{configure.ac} if you want to change it "
  14143. "or regenerate @code{configure} using a newer version of Autoconf. If you do "
  14144. "this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or newer."
  14145. msgstr ""
  14146. #. type: Plain text
  14147. #: ./bashref.texi:8619
  14148. msgid ""
  14149. "You can remove the program binaries and object files from the source code "
  14150. "directory by typing @samp{make clean}. To also remove the files that "
  14151. "@code{configure} created (so you can compile Bash for a different kind of "
  14152. "computer), type @samp{make distclean}."
  14153. msgstr ""
  14154. #. type: Plain text
  14155. #: ./bashref.texi:8628
  14156. msgid ""
  14157. "Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that the "
  14158. "@code{configure} script does not know about. You can give @code{configure} "
  14159. "initial values for variables by setting them in the environment. Using a "
  14160. "Bourne-compatible shell, you can do that on the command line like this:"
  14161. msgstr ""
  14162. #. type: example
  14163. #: ./bashref.texi:8631
  14164. #, no-wrap
  14165. msgid "CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure\n"
  14166. msgstr ""
  14167. #. type: Plain text
  14168. #: ./bashref.texi:8634
  14169. msgid "On systems that have the @code{env} program, you can do it like this:"
  14170. msgstr ""
  14171. #. type: example
  14172. #: ./bashref.texi:8637
  14173. #, no-wrap
  14174. msgid "env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure\n"
  14175. msgstr ""
  14176. #. type: Plain text
  14177. #: ./bashref.texi:8641
  14178. msgid "The configuration process uses GCC to build Bash if it is available."
  14179. msgstr ""
  14180. #. type: Plain text
  14181. #: ./bashref.texi:8657
  14182. msgid ""
  14183. "You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the same time, by "
  14184. "placing the object files for each architecture in their own directory. To "
  14185. "do this, you must use a version of @code{make} that supports the "
  14186. "@code{VPATH} variable, such as GNU @code{make}. @code{cd} to the directory "
  14187. "where you want the object files and executables to go and run the "
  14188. "@code{configure} script from the source directory (@pxref{Basic "
  14189. "Installation}). You may need to supply the @option{--srcdir=PATH} argument "
  14190. "to tell @code{configure} where the source files are. @code{configure} "
  14191. "automatically checks for the source code in the directory that "
  14192. "@code{configure} is in and in `..'."
  14193. msgstr ""
  14194. #. type: Plain text
  14195. #: ./bashref.texi:8663
  14196. msgid ""
  14197. "If you have to use a @code{make} that does not supports the @code{VPATH} "
  14198. "variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a time in the source "
  14199. "code directory. After you have installed Bash for one architecture, use "
  14200. "@samp{make distclean} before reconfiguring for another architecture."
  14201. msgstr ""
  14202. #. type: Plain text
  14203. #: ./bashref.texi:8669
  14204. msgid ""
  14205. "Alternatively, if your system supports symbolic links, you can use the "
  14206. "@file{support/mkclone} script to create a build tree which has symbolic "
  14207. "links back to each file in the source directory. Here's an example that "
  14208. "creates a build directory in the current directory from a source directory "
  14209. "@file{/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0}:"
  14210. msgstr ""
  14211. #. type: example
  14212. #: ./bashref.texi:8672
  14213. #, no-wrap
  14214. msgid "bash /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/support/mkclone -s /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0 .\n"
  14215. msgstr ""
  14216. #. type: Plain text
  14217. #: ./bashref.texi:8678
  14218. msgid ""
  14219. "The @code{mkclone} script requires Bash, so you must have already built Bash "
  14220. "for at least one architecture before you can create build directories for "
  14221. "other architectures."
  14222. msgstr ""
  14223. #. type: Plain text
  14224. #: ./bashref.texi:8688
  14225. msgid ""
  14226. "By default, @samp{make install} will install into @file{/usr/local/bin}, "
  14227. "@file{/usr/local/man}, etc. You can specify an installation prefix other "
  14228. "than @file{/usr/local} by giving @code{configure} the option "
  14229. "@option{--prefix=@var{PATH}}, or by specifying a value for the "
  14230. "@code{DESTDIR} @samp{make} variable when running @samp{make install}."
  14231. msgstr ""
  14232. #. type: Plain text
  14233. #: ./bashref.texi:8695
  14234. msgid ""
  14235. "You can specify separate installation prefixes for architecture-specific "
  14236. "files and architecture-independent files. If you give @code{configure} the "
  14237. "option @option{--exec-prefix=@var{PATH}}, @samp{make install} will use "
  14238. "@var{PATH} as the prefix for installing programs and libraries. "
  14239. "Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix."
  14240. msgstr ""
  14241. #. type: Plain text
  14242. #: ./bashref.texi:8707
  14243. msgid ""
  14244. "There may be some features @code{configure} can not figure out "
  14245. "automatically, but need to determine by the type of host Bash will run on. "
  14246. "Usually @code{configure} can figure that out, but if it prints a message "
  14247. "saying it can not guess the host type, give it the @option{--host=TYPE} "
  14248. "option. @samp{TYPE} can either be a short name for the system type, such as "
  14249. "@samp{sun4}, or a canonical name with three fields: "
  14250. "@samp{CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM} (e.g., @samp{i386-unknown-freebsd4.2})."
  14251. msgstr ""
  14252. #. type: Plain text
  14253. #: ./bashref.texi:8710
  14254. msgid ""
  14255. "See the file @file{support/config.sub} for the possible values of each "
  14256. "field."
  14257. msgstr ""
  14258. #. type: Plain text
  14259. #: ./bashref.texi:8723
  14260. msgid ""
  14261. "If you want to set default values for @code{configure} scripts to share, you "
  14262. "can create a site shell script called @code{config.site} that gives default "
  14263. "values for variables like @code{CC}, @code{cache_file}, and @code{prefix}. "
  14264. "@code{configure} looks for @file{PREFIX/share/config.site} if it exists, "
  14265. "then @file{PREFIX/etc/config.site} if it exists. Or, you can set the "
  14266. "@code{CONFIG_SITE} environment variable to the location of the site script. "
  14267. "A warning: the Bash @code{configure} looks for a site script, but not all "
  14268. "@code{configure} scripts do."
  14269. msgstr ""
  14270. #. type: Plain text
  14271. #: ./bashref.texi:8729
  14272. msgid ""
  14273. "@code{configure} recognizes the following options to control how it "
  14274. "operates."
  14275. msgstr ""
  14276. #. type: item
  14277. #: ./bashref.texi:8732
  14278. #, no-wrap
  14279. msgid "--cache-file=@var{file}"
  14280. msgstr ""
  14281. #. type: table
  14282. #: ./bashref.texi:8737
  14283. msgid ""
  14284. "Use and save the results of the tests in @var{file} instead of "
  14285. "@file{./config.cache}. Set @var{file} to @file{/dev/null} to disable "
  14286. "caching, for debugging @code{configure}."
  14287. msgstr ""
  14288. #. type: table
  14289. #: ./bashref.texi:8740
  14290. msgid "Print a summary of the options to @code{configure}, and exit."
  14291. msgstr ""
  14292. #. type: item
  14293. #: ./bashref.texi:8741
  14294. #, no-wrap
  14295. msgid "--quiet"
  14296. msgstr ""
  14297. #. type: itemx
  14298. #: ./bashref.texi:8742
  14299. #, no-wrap
  14300. msgid "--silent"
  14301. msgstr ""
  14302. #. type: table
  14303. #: ./bashref.texi:8745
  14304. msgid "Do not print messages saying which checks are being made."
  14305. msgstr ""
  14306. #. type: item
  14307. #: ./bashref.texi:8746
  14308. #, no-wrap
  14309. msgid "--srcdir=@var{dir}"
  14310. msgstr ""
  14311. #. type: table
  14312. #: ./bashref.texi:8749
  14313. msgid ""
  14314. "Look for the Bash source code in directory @var{dir}. Usually "
  14315. "@code{configure} can determine that directory automatically."
  14316. msgstr ""
  14317. #. type: table
  14318. #: ./bashref.texi:8753
  14319. msgid ""
  14320. "Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the @code{configure} script, "
  14321. "and exit."
  14322. msgstr ""
  14323. #. type: Plain text
  14324. #: ./bashref.texi:8757
  14325. msgid ""
  14326. "@code{configure} also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate "
  14327. "options. @samp{configure --help} prints the complete list."
  14328. msgstr ""
  14329. #. type: Plain text
  14330. #: ./bashref.texi:8768
  14331. msgid ""
  14332. "The Bash @code{configure} has a number of @option{--enable-@var{feature}} "
  14333. "options, where @var{feature} indicates an optional part of Bash. There are "
  14334. "also several @option{--with-@var{package}} options, where @var{package} is "
  14335. "something like @samp{bash-malloc} or @samp{purify}. To turn off the default "
  14336. "use of a package, use @option{--without-@var{package}}. To configure Bash "
  14337. "without a feature that is enabled by default, use "
  14338. "@option{--disable-@var{feature}}."
  14339. msgstr ""
  14340. #. type: Plain text
  14341. #: ./bashref.texi:8771
  14342. msgid ""
  14343. "Here is a complete list of the @option{--enable-} and @option{--with-} "
  14344. "options that the Bash @code{configure} recognizes."
  14345. msgstr ""
  14346. #. type: item
  14347. #: ./bashref.texi:8773
  14348. #, no-wrap
  14349. msgid "--with-afs"
  14350. msgstr ""
  14351. #. type: table
  14352. #: ./bashref.texi:8775
  14353. msgid "Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc."
  14354. msgstr ""
  14355. #. type: item
  14356. #: ./bashref.texi:8776
  14357. #, no-wrap
  14358. msgid "--with-bash-malloc"
  14359. msgstr ""
  14360. #. type: table
  14361. #: ./bashref.texi:8786
  14362. msgid ""
  14363. "Use the Bash version of @code{malloc} in the directory @file{lib/malloc}. "
  14364. "This is not the same @code{malloc} that appears in @sc{gnu} libc, but an "
  14365. "older version originally derived from the 4.2 @sc{bsd} @code{malloc}. This "
  14366. "@code{malloc} is very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation. This "
  14367. "option is enabled by default. The @file{NOTES} file contains a list of "
  14368. "systems for which this should be turned off, and @code{configure} disables "
  14369. "this option automatically for a number of systems."
  14370. msgstr ""
  14371. #. type: item
  14372. #: ./bashref.texi:8787
  14373. #, no-wrap
  14374. msgid "--with-curses"
  14375. msgstr ""
  14376. #. type: table
  14377. #: ./bashref.texi:8791
  14378. msgid ""
  14379. "Use the curses library instead of the termcap library. This should be "
  14380. "supplied if your system has an inadequate or incomplete termcap database."
  14381. msgstr ""
  14382. #. type: item
  14383. #: ./bashref.texi:8792
  14384. #, no-wrap
  14385. msgid "--with-gnu-malloc"
  14386. msgstr ""
  14387. #. type: table
  14388. #: ./bashref.texi:8794
  14389. msgid "A synonym for @code{--with-bash-malloc}."
  14390. msgstr ""
  14391. #. type: item
  14392. #: ./bashref.texi:8795
  14393. #, no-wrap
  14394. msgid "--with-installed-readline[=@var{PREFIX}]"
  14395. msgstr ""
  14396. #. type: table
  14397. #: ./bashref.texi:8810
  14398. msgid ""
  14399. "Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of Readline "
  14400. "rather than the version in @file{lib/readline}. This works only with "
  14401. "Readline 5.0 and later versions. If @var{PREFIX} is @code{yes} or not "
  14402. "supplied, @code{configure} uses the values of the make variables "
  14403. "@code{includedir} and @code{libdir}, which are subdirectories of "
  14404. "@code{prefix} by default, to find the installed version of Readline if it is "
  14405. "not in the standard system include and library directories. If @var{PREFIX} "
  14406. "is @code{no}, Bash links with the version in @file{lib/readline}. If "
  14407. "@var{PREFIX} is set to any other value, @code{configure} treats it as a "
  14408. "directory pathname and looks for the installed version of Readline in "
  14409. "subdirectories of that directory (include files in "
  14410. "@var{PREFIX}/@code{include} and the library in @var{PREFIX}/@code{lib})."
  14411. msgstr ""
  14412. #. type: item
  14413. #: ./bashref.texi:8811
  14414. #, no-wrap
  14415. msgid "--with-purify"
  14416. msgstr ""
  14417. #. type: table
  14418. #: ./bashref.texi:8814
  14419. msgid ""
  14420. "Define this to use the Purify memory allocation checker from Rational "
  14421. "Software."
  14422. msgstr ""
  14423. #. type: item
  14424. #: ./bashref.texi:8815
  14425. #, no-wrap
  14426. msgid "--enable-minimal-config"
  14427. msgstr ""
  14428. #. type: table
  14429. #: ./bashref.texi:8818
  14430. msgid ""
  14431. "This produces a shell with minimal features, close to the historical Bourne "
  14432. "shell."
  14433. msgstr ""
  14434. #. type: Plain text
  14435. #: ./bashref.texi:8822
  14436. msgid ""
  14437. "There are several @option{--enable-} options that alter how Bash is compiled "
  14438. "and linked, rather than changing run-time features."
  14439. msgstr ""
  14440. #. type: item
  14441. #: ./bashref.texi:8824
  14442. #, no-wrap
  14443. msgid "--enable-largefile"
  14444. msgstr ""
  14445. #. type: table
  14446. #: ./bashref.texi:8829
  14447. msgid ""
  14448. "Enable support for "
  14449. "@uref{http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html, large files} if "
  14450. "the operating system requires special compiler options to build programs "
  14451. "which can access large files. This is enabled by default, if the operating "
  14452. "system provides large file support."
  14453. msgstr ""
  14454. #. type: item
  14455. #: ./bashref.texi:8830
  14456. #, no-wrap
  14457. msgid "--enable-profiling"
  14458. msgstr ""
  14459. #. type: table
  14460. #: ./bashref.texi:8833
  14461. msgid ""
  14462. "This builds a Bash binary that produces profiling information to be "
  14463. "processed by @code{gprof} each time it is executed."
  14464. msgstr ""
  14465. #. type: item
  14466. #: ./bashref.texi:8834
  14467. #, no-wrap
  14468. msgid "--enable-static-link"
  14469. msgstr ""
  14470. #. type: table
  14471. #: ./bashref.texi:8837
  14472. msgid ""
  14473. "This causes Bash to be linked statically, if @code{gcc} is being used. This "
  14474. "could be used to build a version to use as root's shell."
  14475. msgstr ""
  14476. #. type: Plain text
  14477. #: ./bashref.texi:8842
  14478. msgid ""
  14479. "The @samp{minimal-config} option can be used to disable all of the following "
  14480. "options, but it is processed first, so individual options may be enabled "
  14481. "using @samp{enable-@var{feature}}."
  14482. msgstr ""
  14483. #. type: Plain text
  14484. #: ./bashref.texi:8848
  14485. msgid ""
  14486. "All of the following options except for @samp{disabled-builtins}, "
  14487. "@samp{direxpand-default}, and @samp{xpg-echo-default} are enabled by "
  14488. "default, unless the operating system does not provide the necessary support."
  14489. msgstr ""
  14490. #. type: item
  14491. #: ./bashref.texi:8850
  14492. #, no-wrap
  14493. msgid "--enable-alias"
  14494. msgstr ""
  14495. #. type: table
  14496. #: ./bashref.texi:8853
  14497. msgid ""
  14498. "Allow alias expansion and include the @code{alias} and @code{unalias} "
  14499. "builtins (@pxref{Aliases})."
  14500. msgstr ""
  14501. #. type: item
  14502. #: ./bashref.texi:8854
  14503. #, no-wrap
  14504. msgid "--enable-arith-for-command"
  14505. msgstr ""
  14506. #. type: table
  14507. #: ./bashref.texi:8858
  14508. msgid ""
  14509. "Include support for the alternate form of the @code{for} command that "
  14510. "behaves like the C language @code{for} statement (@pxref{Looping "
  14511. "Constructs})."
  14512. msgstr ""
  14513. #. type: item
  14514. #: ./bashref.texi:8859
  14515. #, no-wrap
  14516. msgid "--enable-array-variables"
  14517. msgstr ""
  14518. #. type: table
  14519. #: ./bashref.texi:8862
  14520. msgid "Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables (@pxref{Arrays})."
  14521. msgstr ""
  14522. #. type: item
  14523. #: ./bashref.texi:8863
  14524. #, no-wrap
  14525. msgid "--enable-bang-history"
  14526. msgstr ""
  14527. #. type: table
  14528. #: ./bashref.texi:8866
  14529. msgid ""
  14530. "Include support for @code{csh}-like history substitution (@pxref{History "
  14531. "Interaction})."
  14532. msgstr ""
  14533. #. type: item
  14534. #: ./bashref.texi:8867
  14535. #, no-wrap
  14536. msgid "--enable-brace-expansion"
  14537. msgstr ""
  14538. #. type: table
  14539. #: ./bashref.texi:8871
  14540. msgid ""
  14541. "Include @code{csh}-like brace expansion ( @code{b@{a,b@}c} @expansion{} "
  14542. "@code{bac bbc} ). See @ref{Brace Expansion}, for a complete description."
  14543. msgstr ""
  14544. #. type: item
  14545. #: ./bashref.texi:8872
  14546. #, no-wrap
  14547. msgid "--enable-casemod-attributes"
  14548. msgstr ""
  14549. #. type: table
  14550. #: ./bashref.texi:8876
  14551. msgid ""
  14552. "Include support for case-modifying attributes in the @code{declare} builtin "
  14553. "and assignment statements. Variables with the @var{uppercase} attribute, "
  14554. "for example, will have their values converted to uppercase upon assignment."
  14555. msgstr ""
  14556. #. type: item
  14557. #: ./bashref.texi:8877
  14558. #, no-wrap
  14559. msgid "--enable-casemod-expansion"
  14560. msgstr ""
  14561. #. type: table
  14562. #: ./bashref.texi:8879
  14563. msgid "Include support for case-modifying word expansions."
  14564. msgstr ""
  14565. #. type: item
  14566. #: ./bashref.texi:8880
  14567. #, no-wrap
  14568. msgid "--enable-command-timing"
  14569. msgstr ""
  14570. #. type: table
  14571. #: ./bashref.texi:8885
  14572. msgid ""
  14573. "Include support for recognizing @code{time} as a reserved word and for "
  14574. "displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following @code{time} "
  14575. "(@pxref{Pipelines}). This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and "
  14576. "functions to be timed."
  14577. msgstr ""
  14578. #. type: item
  14579. #: ./bashref.texi:8886
  14580. #, no-wrap
  14581. msgid "--enable-cond-command"
  14582. msgstr ""
  14583. #. type: table
  14584. #: ./bashref.texi:8889
  14585. msgid ""
  14586. "Include support for the @code{[[} conditional command. (@pxref{Conditional "
  14587. "Constructs})."
  14588. msgstr ""
  14589. #. type: item
  14590. #: ./bashref.texi:8890
  14591. #, no-wrap
  14592. msgid "--enable-cond-regexp"
  14593. msgstr ""
  14594. #. type: table
  14595. #: ./bashref.texi:8894
  14596. msgid ""
  14597. "Include support for matching @sc{posix} regular expressions using the "
  14598. "@samp{=~} binary operator in the @code{[[} conditional command. "
  14599. "(@pxref{Conditional Constructs})."
  14600. msgstr ""
  14601. #. type: item
  14602. #: ./bashref.texi:8895
  14603. #, no-wrap
  14604. msgid "--enable-coprocesses"
  14605. msgstr ""
  14606. #. type: table
  14607. #: ./bashref.texi:8898
  14608. msgid ""
  14609. "Include support for coprocesses and the @code{coproc} reserved word "
  14610. "(@pxref{Pipelines})."
  14611. msgstr ""
  14612. #. type: item
  14613. #: ./bashref.texi:8899
  14614. #, no-wrap
  14615. msgid "--enable-debugger"
  14616. msgstr ""
  14617. #. type: table
  14618. #: ./bashref.texi:8901
  14619. msgid "Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately)."
  14620. msgstr ""
  14621. #. type: item
  14622. #: ./bashref.texi:8902
  14623. #, no-wrap
  14624. msgid "--enable-dev-fd-stat-broken"
  14625. msgstr ""
  14626. #. type: table
  14627. #: ./bashref.texi:8907
  14628. msgid ""
  14629. "If calling @code{stat} on /dev/fd/@var{N} returns different results than "
  14630. "calling @code{fstat} on file descriptor @var{N}, supply this option to "
  14631. "enable a workaround. This has implications for conditional commands that "
  14632. "test file attributes."
  14633. msgstr ""
  14634. #. type: item
  14635. #: ./bashref.texi:8908
  14636. #, no-wrap
  14637. msgid "--enable-direxpand-default"
  14638. msgstr ""
  14639. #. type: table
  14640. #: ./bashref.texi:8912
  14641. msgid ""
  14642. "Cause the @code{direxpand} shell option (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}) to be "
  14643. "enabled by default when the shell starts. It is normally disabled by "
  14644. "default."
  14645. msgstr ""
  14646. #. type: item
  14647. #: ./bashref.texi:8913
  14648. #, no-wrap
  14649. msgid "--enable-directory-stack"
  14650. msgstr ""
  14651. #. type: table
  14652. #: ./bashref.texi:8917
  14653. msgid ""
  14654. "Include support for a @code{csh}-like directory stack and the @code{pushd}, "
  14655. "@code{popd}, and @code{dirs} builtins (@pxref{The Directory Stack})."
  14656. msgstr ""
  14657. #. type: item
  14658. #: ./bashref.texi:8918
  14659. #, no-wrap
  14660. msgid "--enable-disabled-builtins"
  14661. msgstr ""
  14662. #. type: table
  14663. #: ./bashref.texi:8923
  14664. msgid ""
  14665. "Allow builtin commands to be invoked via @samp{builtin xxx} even after "
  14666. "@code{xxx} has been disabled using @samp{enable -n xxx}. See @ref{Bash "
  14667. "Builtins}, for details of the @code{builtin} and @code{enable} builtin "
  14668. "commands."
  14669. msgstr ""
  14670. #. type: item
  14671. #: ./bashref.texi:8924
  14672. #, no-wrap
  14673. msgid "--enable-dparen-arithmetic"
  14674. msgstr ""
  14675. #. type: table
  14676. #: ./bashref.texi:8927
  14677. msgid ""
  14678. "Include support for the @code{((@dots{}))} command (@pxref{Conditional "
  14679. "Constructs})."
  14680. msgstr ""
  14681. #. type: item
  14682. #: ./bashref.texi:8928
  14683. #, no-wrap
  14684. msgid "--enable-extended-glob"
  14685. msgstr ""
  14686. #. type: table
  14687. #: ./bashref.texi:8931
  14688. msgid ""
  14689. "Include support for the extended pattern matching features described above "
  14690. "under @ref{Pattern Matching}."
  14691. msgstr ""
  14692. #. type: item
  14693. #: ./bashref.texi:8932
  14694. #, no-wrap
  14695. msgid "--enable-extended-glob-default"
  14696. msgstr ""
  14697. #. type: table
  14698. #: ./bashref.texi:8935
  14699. msgid ""
  14700. "Set the default value of the @var{extglob} shell option described above "
  14701. "under @ref{The Shopt Builtin} to be enabled."
  14702. msgstr ""
  14703. #. type: item
  14704. #: ./bashref.texi:8936
  14705. #, no-wrap
  14706. msgid "--enable-function-import"
  14707. msgstr ""
  14708. #. type: table
  14709. #: ./bashref.texi:8940
  14710. msgid ""
  14711. "Include support for importing function definitions exported by another "
  14712. "instance of the shell from the environment. This option is enabled by "
  14713. "default."
  14714. msgstr ""
  14715. #. type: item
  14716. #: ./bashref.texi:8941
  14717. #, no-wrap
  14718. msgid "--enable-glob-asciirange-default"
  14719. msgstr ""
  14720. #. type: table
  14721. #: ./bashref.texi:8946
  14722. msgid ""
  14723. "Set the default value of the @var{globasciiranges} shell option described "
  14724. "above under @ref{The Shopt Builtin} to be enabled. This controls the "
  14725. "behavior of character ranges when used in pattern matching bracket "
  14726. "expressions."
  14727. msgstr ""
  14728. #. type: item
  14729. #: ./bashref.texi:8947
  14730. #, no-wrap
  14731. msgid "--enable-help-builtin"
  14732. msgstr ""
  14733. #. type: table
  14734. #: ./bashref.texi:8950
  14735. msgid ""
  14736. "Include the @code{help} builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and "
  14737. "variables (@pxref{Bash Builtins})."
  14738. msgstr ""
  14739. #. type: item
  14740. #: ./bashref.texi:8951
  14741. #, no-wrap
  14742. msgid "--enable-history"
  14743. msgstr ""
  14744. #. type: table
  14745. #: ./bashref.texi:8954
  14746. msgid ""
  14747. "Include command history and the @code{fc} and @code{history} builtin "
  14748. "commands (@pxref{Bash History Facilities})."
  14749. msgstr ""
  14750. #. type: item
  14751. #: ./bashref.texi:8955
  14752. #, no-wrap
  14753. msgid "--enable-job-control"
  14754. msgstr ""
  14755. #. type: table
  14756. #: ./bashref.texi:8958
  14757. msgid ""
  14758. "This enables the job control features (@pxref{Job Control}), if the "
  14759. "operating system supports them."
  14760. msgstr ""
  14761. #. type: item
  14762. #: ./bashref.texi:8959
  14763. #, no-wrap
  14764. msgid "--enable-multibyte"
  14765. msgstr ""
  14766. #. type: table
  14767. #: ./bashref.texi:8962
  14768. msgid ""
  14769. "This enables support for multibyte characters if the operating system "
  14770. "provides the necessary support."
  14771. msgstr ""
  14772. #. type: item
  14773. #: ./bashref.texi:8963
  14774. #, no-wrap
  14775. msgid "--enable-net-redirections"
  14776. msgstr ""
  14777. #. type: table
  14778. #: ./bashref.texi:8968
  14779. msgid ""
  14780. "This enables the special handling of filenames of the form "
  14781. "@code{/dev/tcp/@var{host}/@var{port}} and "
  14782. "@code{/dev/udp/@var{host}/@var{port}} when used in redirections "
  14783. "(@pxref{Redirections})."
  14784. msgstr ""
  14785. #. type: item
  14786. #: ./bashref.texi:8969
  14787. #, no-wrap
  14788. msgid "--enable-process-substitution"
  14789. msgstr ""
  14790. #. type: table
  14791. #: ./bashref.texi:8972
  14792. msgid ""
  14793. "This enables process substitution (@pxref{Process Substitution}) if the "
  14794. "operating system provides the necessary support."
  14795. msgstr ""
  14796. #. type: item
  14797. #: ./bashref.texi:8973
  14798. #, no-wrap
  14799. msgid "--enable-progcomp"
  14800. msgstr ""
  14801. #. type: table
  14802. #: ./bashref.texi:8977
  14803. msgid ""
  14804. "Enable the programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable "
  14805. "Completion}). If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect."
  14806. msgstr ""
  14807. #. type: item
  14808. #: ./bashref.texi:8978
  14809. #, no-wrap
  14810. msgid "--enable-prompt-string-decoding"
  14811. msgstr ""
  14812. #. type: table
  14813. #: ./bashref.texi:8983
  14814. msgid ""
  14815. "Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters in "
  14816. "the @env{$PS0}, @env{$PS1}, @env{$PS2}, and @env{$PS4} prompt strings. See "
  14817. "@ref{Controlling the Prompt}, for a complete list of prompt string escape "
  14818. "sequences."
  14819. msgstr ""
  14820. #. type: item
  14821. #: ./bashref.texi:8984
  14822. #, no-wrap
  14823. msgid "--enable-readline"
  14824. msgstr ""
  14825. #. type: table
  14826. #: ./bashref.texi:8987
  14827. msgid ""
  14828. "Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash version "
  14829. "of the Readline library (@pxref{Command Line Editing})."
  14830. msgstr ""
  14831. #. type: item
  14832. #: ./bashref.texi:8988
  14833. #, no-wrap
  14834. msgid "--enable-restricted"
  14835. msgstr ""
  14836. #. type: table
  14837. #: ./bashref.texi:8992
  14838. msgid ""
  14839. "Include support for a @dfn{restricted shell}. If this is enabled, Bash, "
  14840. "when called as @code{rbash}, enters a restricted mode. See @ref{The "
  14841. "Restricted Shell}, for a description of restricted mode."
  14842. msgstr ""
  14843. #. type: item
  14844. #: ./bashref.texi:8993
  14845. #, no-wrap
  14846. msgid "--enable-select"
  14847. msgstr ""
  14848. #. type: table
  14849. #: ./bashref.texi:8996
  14850. msgid ""
  14851. "Include the @code{select} compound command, which allows the generation of "
  14852. "simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs})."
  14853. msgstr ""
  14854. #. type: item
  14855. #: ./bashref.texi:8997
  14856. #, no-wrap
  14857. msgid "--enable-separate-helpfiles"
  14858. msgstr ""
  14859. #. type: table
  14860. #: ./bashref.texi:9000
  14861. msgid ""
  14862. "Use external files for the documentation displayed by the @code{help} "
  14863. "builtin instead of storing the text internally."
  14864. msgstr ""
  14865. #. type: item
  14866. #: ./bashref.texi:9001
  14867. #, no-wrap
  14868. msgid "--enable-single-help-strings"
  14869. msgstr ""
  14870. #. type: table
  14871. #: ./bashref.texi:9006
  14872. msgid ""
  14873. "Store the text displayed by the @code{help} builtin as a single string for "
  14874. "each help topic. This aids in translating the text to different languages. "
  14875. "You may need to disable this if your compiler cannot handle very long string "
  14876. "literals."
  14877. msgstr ""
  14878. #. type: item
  14879. #: ./bashref.texi:9007
  14880. #, no-wrap
  14881. msgid "--enable-strict-posix-default"
  14882. msgstr ""
  14883. #. type: table
  14884. #: ./bashref.texi:9009
  14885. msgid "Make Bash @sc{posix}-conformant by default (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode})."
  14886. msgstr ""
  14887. #. type: item
  14888. #: ./bashref.texi:9010
  14889. #, no-wrap
  14890. msgid "--enable-usg-echo-default"
  14891. msgstr ""
  14892. #. type: table
  14893. #: ./bashref.texi:9012
  14894. msgid "A synonym for @code{--enable-xpg-echo-default}."
  14895. msgstr ""
  14896. #. type: item
  14897. #: ./bashref.texi:9013
  14898. #, no-wrap
  14899. msgid "--enable-xpg-echo-default"
  14900. msgstr ""
  14901. #. type: table
  14902. #: ./bashref.texi:9021
  14903. msgid ""
  14904. "Make the @code{echo} builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by default, "
  14905. "without requiring the @option{-e} option. This sets the default value of "
  14906. "the @code{xpg_echo} shell option to @code{on}, which makes the Bash "
  14907. "@code{echo} behave more like the version specified in the Single Unix "
  14908. "Specification, version 3. @xref{Bash Builtins}, for a description of the "
  14909. "escape sequences that @code{echo} recognizes."
  14910. msgstr ""
  14911. #. type: Plain text
  14912. #: ./bashref.texi:9030
  14913. msgid ""
  14914. "The file @file{config-top.h} contains C Preprocessor @samp{#define} "
  14915. "statements for options which are not settable from @code{configure}. Some "
  14916. "of these are not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if you do. "
  14917. "Read the comments associated with each definition for more information about "
  14918. "its effect."
  14919. msgstr ""
  14920. #. type: Plain text
  14921. #: ./bashref.texi:9040
  14922. msgid ""
  14923. "Please report all bugs you find in Bash. But first, you should make sure "
  14924. "that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest version of Bash. "
  14925. "The latest version of Bash is always available for FTP from "
  14926. "@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/}."
  14927. msgstr ""
  14928. #. type: Plain text
  14929. #: ./bashref.texi:9047
  14930. msgid ""
  14931. "Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the @code{bashbug} "
  14932. "command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged to "
  14933. "mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed "
  14934. "to @email{bug-bash@@gnu.org} or posted to the Usenet newsgroup "
  14935. "@code{gnu.bash.bug}."
  14936. msgstr ""
  14937. #. type: Plain text
  14938. #: ./bashref.texi:9049
  14939. msgid "All bug reports should include:"
  14940. msgstr ""
  14941. #. type: itemize
  14942. #: ./bashref.texi:9052
  14943. msgid "The version number of Bash."
  14944. msgstr ""
  14945. #. type: itemize
  14946. #: ./bashref.texi:9054
  14947. msgid "The hardware and operating system."
  14948. msgstr ""
  14949. #. type: itemize
  14950. #: ./bashref.texi:9056
  14951. msgid "The compiler used to compile Bash."
  14952. msgstr ""
  14953. #. type: itemize
  14954. #: ./bashref.texi:9058
  14955. msgid "A description of the bug behaviour."
  14956. msgstr ""
  14957. #. type: itemize
  14958. #: ./bashref.texi:9061
  14959. msgid ""
  14960. "A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used to "
  14961. "reproduce it."
  14962. msgstr ""
  14963. #. type: Plain text
  14964. #: ./bashref.texi:9066
  14965. msgid ""
  14966. "@code{bashbug} inserts the first three items automatically into the template "
  14967. "it provides for filing a bug report."
  14968. msgstr ""
  14969. #. type: Plain text
  14970. #: ./bashref.texi:9069
  14971. msgid "Please send all reports concerning this manual to @email{bug-bash@@gnu.org}."
  14972. msgstr ""
  14973. #. type: Plain text
  14974. #: ./bashref.texi:9083
  14975. msgid ""
  14976. "Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and variable "
  14977. "expansion, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne Shell. Bash uses the "
  14978. "@sc{posix} standard as the specification of how these features are to be "
  14979. "implemented. There are some differences between the traditional Bourne "
  14980. "shell and Bash; this section quickly details the differences of "
  14981. "significance. A number of these differences are explained in greater depth "
  14982. "in previous sections. This section uses the version of @code{sh} included "
  14983. "in SVR4.2 (the last version of the historical Bourne shell) as the baseline "
  14984. "reference."
  14985. msgstr ""
  14986. #. type: itemize
  14987. #: ./bashref.texi:9089
  14988. msgid ""
  14989. "Bash is @sc{posix}-conformant, even where the @sc{posix} specification "
  14990. "differs from traditional @code{sh} behavior (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode})."
  14991. msgstr ""
  14992. #. type: itemize
  14993. #: ./bashref.texi:9092
  14994. msgid "Bash has multi-character invocation options (@pxref{Invoking Bash})."
  14995. msgstr ""
  14996. #. type: itemize
  14997. #: ./bashref.texi:9096
  14998. msgid ""
  14999. "Bash has command-line editing (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) and the "
  15000. "@code{bind} builtin."
  15001. msgstr ""
  15002. #. type: itemize
  15003. #: ./bashref.texi:9102
  15004. msgid ""
  15005. "Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism (@pxref{Programmable "
  15006. "Completion}), and builtin commands @code{complete}, @code{compgen}, and "
  15007. "@code{compopt}, to manipulate it."
  15008. msgstr ""
  15009. #. type: itemize
  15010. #: ./bashref.texi:9108
  15011. msgid ""
  15012. "Bash has command history (@pxref{Bash History Facilities}) and the "
  15013. "@code{history} and @code{fc} builtins to manipulate it. The Bash history "
  15014. "list maintains timestamp information and uses the value of the "
  15015. "@code{HISTTIMEFORMAT} variable to display it."
  15016. msgstr ""
  15017. #. type: itemize
  15018. #: ./bashref.texi:9112
  15019. msgid ""
  15020. "Bash implements @code{csh}-like history expansion (@pxref{History "
  15021. "Interaction})."
  15022. msgstr ""
  15023. #. type: itemize
  15024. #: ./bashref.texi:9118
  15025. msgid ""
  15026. "Bash has one-dimensional array variables (@pxref{Arrays}), and the "
  15027. "appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them. Several "
  15028. "of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays. Bash provides a number "
  15029. "of built-in array variables."
  15030. msgstr ""
  15031. #. type: itemize
  15032. #: ./bashref.texi:9123
  15033. msgid ""
  15034. "The @code{$'@dots{}'} quoting syntax, which expands ANSI-C backslash-escaped "
  15035. "characters in the text between the single quotes, is supported "
  15036. "(@pxref{ANSI-C Quoting})."
  15037. msgstr ""
  15038. #. type: itemize
  15039. #: ./bashref.texi:9130
  15040. msgid ""
  15041. "Bash supports the @code{$\"@dots{}\"} quoting syntax to do locale-specific "
  15042. "translation of the characters between the double quotes. The @option{-D}, "
  15043. "@option{--dump-strings}, and @option{--dump-po-strings} invocation options "
  15044. "list the translatable strings found in a script (@pxref{Locale "
  15045. "Translation})."
  15046. msgstr ""
  15047. #. type: itemize
  15048. #: ./bashref.texi:9137
  15049. msgid ""
  15050. "Bash implements the @code{!} keyword to negate the return value of a "
  15051. "pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}). Very useful when an @code{if} statement needs "
  15052. "to act only if a test fails. The Bash @samp{-o pipefail} option to "
  15053. "@code{set} will cause a pipeline to return a failure status if any command "
  15054. "fails."
  15055. msgstr ""
  15056. #. type: itemize
  15057. #: ./bashref.texi:9142
  15058. msgid ""
  15059. "Bash has the @code{time} reserved word and command timing "
  15060. "(@pxref{Pipelines}). The display of the timing statistics may be controlled "
  15061. "with the @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable."
  15062. msgstr ""
  15063. #. type: itemize
  15064. #: ./bashref.texi:9146
  15065. msgid ""
  15066. "Bash implements the @code{for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} ))} "
  15067. "arithmetic for command, similar to the C language (@pxref{Looping "
  15068. "Constructs})."
  15069. msgstr ""
  15070. #. type: itemize
  15071. #: ./bashref.texi:9150
  15072. msgid ""
  15073. "Bash includes the @code{select} compound command, which allows the "
  15074. "generation of simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs})."
  15075. msgstr ""
  15076. #. type: itemize
  15077. #: ./bashref.texi:9155
  15078. msgid ""
  15079. "Bash includes the @code{[[} compound command, which makes conditional "
  15080. "testing part of the shell grammar (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}), "
  15081. "including optional regular expression matching."
  15082. msgstr ""
  15083. #. type: itemize
  15084. #: ./bashref.texi:9159
  15085. msgid ""
  15086. "Bash provides optional case-insensitive matching for the @code{case} and "
  15087. "@code{[[} constructs."
  15088. msgstr ""
  15089. #. type: itemize
  15090. #: ./bashref.texi:9163
  15091. msgid ""
  15092. "Bash includes brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}) and tilde expansion "
  15093. "(@pxref{Tilde Expansion})."
  15094. msgstr ""
  15095. #. type: itemize
  15096. #: ./bashref.texi:9167
  15097. msgid ""
  15098. "Bash implements command aliases and the @code{alias} and @code{unalias} "
  15099. "builtins (@pxref{Aliases})."
  15100. msgstr ""
  15101. #. type: itemize
  15102. #: ./bashref.texi:9172
  15103. msgid ""
  15104. "Bash provides shell arithmetic, the @code{((} compound command "
  15105. "(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}), and arithmetic expansion (@pxref{Shell "
  15106. "Arithmetic})."
  15107. msgstr ""
  15108. #. type: itemize
  15109. #: ./bashref.texi:9178
  15110. msgid ""
  15111. "Variables present in the shell's initial environment are automatically "
  15112. "exported to child processes. The Bourne shell does not normally do this "
  15113. "unless the variables are explicitly marked using the @code{export} command."
  15114. msgstr ""
  15115. #. type: itemize
  15116. #: ./bashref.texi:9182
  15117. msgid ""
  15118. "Bash supports the @samp{+=} assignment operator, which appends to the value "
  15119. "of the variable named on the left hand side."
  15120. msgstr ""
  15121. #. type: itemize
  15122. #: ./bashref.texi:9187
  15123. msgid ""
  15124. "Bash includes the @sc{posix} pattern removal @samp{%}, @samp{#}, @samp{%%} "
  15125. "and @samp{##} expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from "
  15126. "variable values (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion})."
  15127. msgstr ""
  15128. #. type: itemize
  15129. #: ./bashref.texi:9191
  15130. msgid ""
  15131. "The expansion @code{$@{#xx@}}, which returns the length of @code{$@{xx@}}, "
  15132. "is supported (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion})."
  15133. msgstr ""
  15134. #. type: itemize
  15135. #: ./bashref.texi:9197
  15136. msgid ""
  15137. "The expansion @code{$@{var:}@var{offset}@code{[:}@var{length}@code{]@}}, "
  15138. "which expands to the substring of @code{var}'s value of length @var{length}, "
  15139. "beginning at @var{offset}, is present (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion})."
  15140. msgstr ""
  15141. #. type: itemize
  15142. #: ./bashref.texi:9203
  15143. msgid ""
  15144. "The expansion "
  15145. "@code{$@{var/[/]}@var{pattern}@code{[/}@var{replacement}@code{]@}}, which "
  15146. "matches @var{pattern} and replaces it with @var{replacement} in the value of "
  15147. "@code{var}, is available (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion})."
  15148. msgstr ""
  15149. #. type: itemize
  15150. #: ./bashref.texi:9208
  15151. msgid ""
  15152. "The expansion @code{$@{!@var{prefix}*@}} expansion, which expands to the "
  15153. "names of all shell variables whose names begin with @var{prefix}, is "
  15154. "available (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion})."
  15155. msgstr ""
  15156. #. type: itemize
  15157. #: ./bashref.texi:9212
  15158. msgid ""
  15159. "Bash has @var{indirect} variable expansion using @code{$@{!word@}} "
  15160. "(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion})."
  15161. msgstr ""
  15162. #. type: itemize
  15163. #: ./bashref.texi:9216
  15164. msgid ""
  15165. "Bash can expand positional parameters beyond @code{$9} using "
  15166. "@code{$@{@var{num}@}}."
  15167. msgstr ""
  15168. #. type: itemize
  15169. #: ./bashref.texi:9222
  15170. msgid ""
  15171. "The @sc{posix} @code{$()} form of command substitution is implemented "
  15172. "(@pxref{Command Substitution}), and preferred to the Bourne shell's "
  15173. "@code{``} (which is also implemented for backwards compatibility)."
  15174. msgstr ""
  15175. #. type: itemize
  15176. #: ./bashref.texi:9225
  15177. msgid "Bash has process substitution (@pxref{Process Substitution})."
  15178. msgstr ""
  15179. #. type: itemize
  15180. #: ./bashref.texi:9233
  15181. msgid ""
  15182. "Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about the "
  15183. "current user (@env{UID}, @env{EUID}, and @env{GROUPS}), the current host "
  15184. "(@env{HOSTTYPE}, @env{OSTYPE}, @env{MACHTYPE}, and @env{HOSTNAME}), and the "
  15185. "instance of Bash that is running (@env{BASH}, @env{BASH_VERSION}, and "
  15186. "@env{BASH_VERSINFO}). @xref{Bash Variables}, for details."
  15187. msgstr ""
  15188. #. type: itemize
  15189. #: ./bashref.texi:9238
  15190. msgid ""
  15191. "The @env{IFS} variable is used to split only the results of expansion, not "
  15192. "all words (@pxref{Word Splitting}). This closes a longstanding shell "
  15193. "security hole."
  15194. msgstr ""
  15195. #. type: itemize
  15196. #: ./bashref.texi:9243
  15197. msgid ""
  15198. "The filename expansion bracket expression code uses @samp{!} and @samp{^} to "
  15199. "negate the set of characters between the brackets. The Bourne shell uses "
  15200. "only @samp{!}."
  15201. msgstr ""
  15202. #. type: itemize
  15203. #: ./bashref.texi:9248
  15204. msgid ""
  15205. "Bash implements the full set of @sc{posix} filename expansion operators, "
  15206. "including @var{character classes}, @var{equivalence classes}, and "
  15207. "@var{collating symbols} (@pxref{Filename Expansion})."
  15208. msgstr ""
  15209. #. type: itemize
  15210. #: ./bashref.texi:9252
  15211. msgid ""
  15212. "Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the @code{extglob} "
  15213. "shell option is enabled (@pxref{Pattern Matching})."
  15214. msgstr ""
  15215. #. type: itemize
  15216. #: ./bashref.texi:9256
  15217. msgid ""
  15218. "It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name; "
  15219. "@code{sh} does not separate the two name spaces."
  15220. msgstr ""
  15221. #. type: itemize
  15222. #: ./bashref.texi:9261
  15223. msgid ""
  15224. "Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the @code{local} "
  15225. "builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written (@pxref{Bash "
  15226. "Builtins})."
  15227. msgstr ""
  15228. #. type: itemize
  15229. #: ./bashref.texi:9268
  15230. msgid ""
  15231. "Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even "
  15232. "builtins and functions (@pxref{Environment}). In @code{sh}, all variable "
  15233. "assignments preceding commands are global unless the command is executed "
  15234. "from the file system."
  15235. msgstr ""
  15236. #. type: itemize
  15237. #: ./bashref.texi:9272
  15238. msgid ""
  15239. "Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands to input "
  15240. "and output redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections})."
  15241. msgstr ""
  15242. #. type: itemize
  15243. #: ./bashref.texi:9278
  15244. msgid ""
  15245. "Bash contains the @samp{<>} redirection operator, allowing a file to be "
  15246. "opened for both reading and writing, and the @samp{&>} redirection operator, "
  15247. "for directing standard output and standard error to the same file "
  15248. "(@pxref{Redirections})."
  15249. msgstr ""
  15250. #. type: itemize
  15251. #: ./bashref.texi:9282
  15252. msgid ""
  15253. "Bash includes the @samp{<<<} redirection operator, allowing a string to be "
  15254. "used as the standard input to a command."
  15255. msgstr ""
  15256. #. type: itemize
  15257. #: ./bashref.texi:9286
  15258. msgid ""
  15259. "Bash implements the @samp{[n]<&@var{word}} and @samp{[n]>&@var{word}} "
  15260. "redirection operators, which move one file descriptor to another."
  15261. msgstr ""
  15262. #. type: itemize
  15263. #: ./bashref.texi:9290
  15264. msgid ""
  15265. "Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are used in "
  15266. "redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections})."
  15267. msgstr ""
  15268. #. type: itemize
  15269. #: ./bashref.texi:9294
  15270. msgid ""
  15271. "Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services with "
  15272. "the redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections})."
  15273. msgstr ""
  15274. #. type: itemize
  15275. #: ./bashref.texi:9299
  15276. msgid ""
  15277. "The @code{noclobber} option is available to avoid overwriting existing files "
  15278. "with output redirection (@pxref{The Set Builtin}). The @samp{>|} "
  15279. "redirection operator may be used to override @code{noclobber}."
  15280. msgstr ""
  15281. #. type: itemize
  15282. #: ./bashref.texi:9304
  15283. msgid ""
  15284. "The Bash @code{cd} and @code{pwd} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) "
  15285. "each take @option{-L} and @option{-P} options to switch between logical and "
  15286. "physical modes."
  15287. msgstr ""
  15288. #. type: itemize
  15289. #: ./bashref.texi:9309
  15290. msgid ""
  15291. "Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and "
  15292. "provides access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the "
  15293. "@code{builtin} and @code{command} builtins (@pxref{Bash Builtins})."
  15294. msgstr ""
  15295. #. type: itemize
  15296. #: ./bashref.texi:9313
  15297. msgid ""
  15298. "The @code{command} builtin allows selective disabling of functions when "
  15299. "command lookup is performed (@pxref{Bash Builtins})."
  15300. msgstr ""
  15301. #. type: itemize
  15302. #: ./bashref.texi:9317
  15303. msgid ""
  15304. "Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the @code{enable} "
  15305. "builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins})."
  15306. msgstr ""
  15307. #. type: itemize
  15308. #: ./bashref.texi:9323
  15309. msgid ""
  15310. "The Bash @code{exec} builtin takes additional options that allow users to "
  15311. "control the contents of the environment passed to the executed command, and "
  15312. "what the zeroth argument to the command is to be (@pxref{Bourne Shell "
  15313. "Builtins})."
  15314. msgstr ""
  15315. #. type: itemize
  15316. #: ./bashref.texi:9327
  15317. msgid ""
  15318. "Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment using "
  15319. "@code{export -f} (@pxref{Shell Functions})."
  15320. msgstr ""
  15321. #. type: itemize
  15322. #: ./bashref.texi:9335
  15323. msgid ""
  15324. "The Bash @code{export}, @code{readonly}, and @code{declare} builtins can "
  15325. "take a @option{-f} option to act on shell functions, a @option{-p} option to "
  15326. "display variables with various attributes set in a format that can be used "
  15327. "as shell input, a @option{-n} option to remove various variable attributes, "
  15328. "and @samp{name=value} arguments to set variable attributes and values "
  15329. "simultaneously."
  15330. msgstr ""
  15331. #. type: itemize
  15332. #: ./bashref.texi:9341
  15333. msgid ""
  15334. "The Bash @code{hash} builtin allows a name to be associated with an "
  15335. "arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by searching the "
  15336. "@env{$PATH}, using @samp{hash -p} (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})."
  15337. msgstr ""
  15338. #. type: itemize
  15339. #: ./bashref.texi:9345
  15340. msgid ""
  15341. "Bash includes a @code{help} builtin for quick reference to shell facilities "
  15342. "(@pxref{Bash Builtins})."
  15343. msgstr ""
  15344. #. type: itemize
  15345. #: ./bashref.texi:9349
  15346. msgid ""
  15347. "The @code{printf} builtin is available to display formatted output "
  15348. "(@pxref{Bash Builtins})."
  15349. msgstr ""
  15350. #. type: itemize
  15351. #: ./bashref.texi:9365
  15352. msgid ""
  15353. "The Bash @code{read} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}) will read a line "
  15354. "ending in @samp{\\} with the @option{-r} option, and will use the "
  15355. "@env{REPLY} variable as a default if no non-option arguments are supplied. "
  15356. "The Bash @code{read} builtin also accepts a prompt string with the "
  15357. "@option{-p} option and will use Readline to obtain the line when given the "
  15358. "@option{-e} option. The @code{read} builtin also has additional options to "
  15359. "control input: the @option{-s} option will turn off echoing of input "
  15360. "characters as they are read, the @option{-t} option will allow @code{read} "
  15361. "to time out if input does not arrive within a specified number of seconds, "
  15362. "the @option{-n} option will allow reading only a specified number of "
  15363. "characters rather than a full line, and the @option{-d} option will read "
  15364. "until a particular character rather than newline."
  15365. msgstr ""
  15366. #. type: itemize
  15367. #: ./bashref.texi:9370
  15368. msgid ""
  15369. "The @code{return} builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts executed "
  15370. "with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})."
  15371. msgstr ""
  15372. #. type: itemize
  15373. #: ./bashref.texi:9375
  15374. msgid ""
  15375. "Bash includes the @code{shopt} builtin, for finer control of shell optional "
  15376. "capabilities (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), and allows these options to be set "
  15377. "and unset at shell invocation (@pxref{Invoking Bash})."
  15378. msgstr ""
  15379. #. type: itemize
  15380. #: ./bashref.texi:9379
  15381. msgid ""
  15382. "Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the @code{set} "
  15383. "builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin})."
  15384. msgstr ""
  15385. #. type: itemize
  15386. #: ./bashref.texi:9384
  15387. msgid ""
  15388. "The @samp{-x} (@option{xtrace}) option displays commands other than simple "
  15389. "commands when performing an execution trace (@pxref{The Set Builtin})."
  15390. msgstr ""
  15391. #. type: itemize
  15392. #: ./bashref.texi:9389
  15393. msgid ""
  15394. "The @code{test} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) is slightly "
  15395. "different, as it implements the @sc{posix} algorithm, which specifies the "
  15396. "behavior based on the number of arguments."
  15397. msgstr ""
  15398. #. type: itemize
  15399. #: ./bashref.texi:9395
  15400. msgid ""
  15401. "Bash includes the @code{caller} builtin, which displays the context of any "
  15402. "active subroutine call (a shell function or a script executed with the "
  15403. "@code{.} or @code{source} builtins). This supports the bash debugger."
  15404. msgstr ""
  15405. #. type: itemize
  15406. #: ./bashref.texi:9408
  15407. msgid ""
  15408. "The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows a "
  15409. "@code{DEBUG} pseudo-signal specification, similar to @code{EXIT}. Commands "
  15410. "specified with a @code{DEBUG} trap are executed before every simple command, "
  15411. "@code{for} command, @code{case} command, @code{select} command, every "
  15412. "arithmetic @code{for} command, and before the first command executes in a "
  15413. "shell function. The @code{DEBUG} trap is not inherited by shell functions "
  15414. "unless the function has been given the @code{trace} attribute or the "
  15415. "@code{functrace} option has been enabled using the @code{shopt} builtin. "
  15416. "The @code{extdebug} shell option has additional effects on the @code{DEBUG} "
  15417. "trap."
  15418. msgstr ""
  15419. #. type: itemize
  15420. #: ./bashref.texi:9415
  15421. msgid ""
  15422. "The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows an @code{ERR} "
  15423. "pseudo-signal specification, similar to @code{EXIT} and @code{DEBUG}. "
  15424. "Commands specified with an @code{ERR} trap are executed after a simple "
  15425. "command fails, with a few exceptions. The @code{ERR} trap is not inherited "
  15426. "by shell functions unless the @code{-o errtrace} option to the @code{set} "
  15427. "builtin is enabled."
  15428. msgstr ""
  15429. #. type: itemize
  15430. #: ./bashref.texi:9425
  15431. msgid ""
  15432. "The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows a "
  15433. "@code{RETURN} pseudo-signal specification, similar to @code{EXIT} and "
  15434. "@code{DEBUG}. Commands specified with an @code{RETURN} trap are executed "
  15435. "before execution resumes after a shell function or a shell script executed "
  15436. "with @code{.} or @code{source} returns. The @code{RETURN} trap is not "
  15437. "inherited by shell functions unless the function has been given the "
  15438. "@code{trace} attribute or the @code{functrace} option has been enabled using "
  15439. "the @code{shopt} builtin."
  15440. msgstr ""
  15441. #. type: itemize
  15442. #: ./bashref.texi:9429
  15443. msgid ""
  15444. "The Bash @code{type} builtin is more extensive and gives more information "
  15445. "about the names it finds (@pxref{Bash Builtins})."
  15446. msgstr ""
  15447. #. type: itemize
  15448. #: ./bashref.texi:9434
  15449. msgid ""
  15450. "The Bash @code{umask} builtin permits a @option{-p} option to cause the "
  15451. "output to be displayed in the form of a @code{umask} command that may be "
  15452. "reused as input (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})."
  15453. msgstr ""
  15454. #. type: itemize
  15455. #: ./bashref.texi:9441
  15456. msgid ""
  15457. "Bash implements a @code{csh}-like directory stack, and provides the "
  15458. "@code{pushd}, @code{popd}, and @code{dirs} builtins to manipulate it "
  15459. "(@pxref{The Directory Stack}). Bash also makes the directory stack visible "
  15460. "as the value of the @env{DIRSTACK} shell variable."
  15461. msgstr ""
  15462. #. type: itemize
  15463. #: ./bashref.texi:9445
  15464. msgid ""
  15465. "Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt strings "
  15466. "when interactive (@pxref{Controlling the Prompt})."
  15467. msgstr ""
  15468. #. type: itemize
  15469. #: ./bashref.texi:9449
  15470. msgid ""
  15471. "The Bash restricted mode is more useful (@pxref{The Restricted Shell}); the "
  15472. "SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited."
  15473. msgstr ""
  15474. #. type: itemize
  15475. #: ./bashref.texi:9455
  15476. msgid ""
  15477. "The @code{disown} builtin can remove a job from the internal shell job table "
  15478. "(@pxref{Job Control Builtins}) or suppress the sending of @code{SIGHUP} to a "
  15479. "job when the shell exits as the result of a @code{SIGHUP}."
  15480. msgstr ""
  15481. #. type: itemize
  15482. #: ./bashref.texi:9459
  15483. msgid ""
  15484. "Bash includes a number of features to support a separate debugger for shell "
  15485. "scripts."
  15486. msgstr ""
  15487. #. type: itemize
  15488. #: ./bashref.texi:9463
  15489. msgid ""
  15490. "The SVR4.2 shell has two privilege-related builtins (@code{mldmode} and "
  15491. "@code{priv}) not present in Bash."
  15492. msgstr ""
  15493. #. type: itemize
  15494. #: ./bashref.texi:9466
  15495. msgid "Bash does not have the @code{stop} or @code{newgrp} builtins."
  15496. msgstr ""
  15497. #. type: itemize
  15498. #: ./bashref.texi:9469
  15499. msgid "Bash does not use the @env{SHACCT} variable or perform shell accounting."
  15500. msgstr ""
  15501. #. type: itemize
  15502. #: ./bashref.texi:9473
  15503. msgid ""
  15504. "The SVR4.2 @code{sh} uses a @env{TIMEOUT} variable like Bash uses "
  15505. "@env{TMOUT}."
  15506. msgstr ""
  15507. #. type: Plain text
  15508. #: ./bashref.texi:9478
  15509. msgid "More features unique to Bash may be found in @ref{Bash Features}."
  15510. msgstr ""
  15511. #. type: appendixsec
  15512. #: ./bashref.texi:9480
  15513. #, no-wrap
  15514. msgid "Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell"
  15515. msgstr ""
  15516. #. type: Plain text
  15517. #: ./bashref.texi:9484
  15518. msgid ""
  15519. "Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from many "
  15520. "of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell. For instance:"
  15521. msgstr ""
  15522. #. type: itemize
  15523. #: ./bashref.texi:9491
  15524. msgid ""
  15525. "Bash does not fork a subshell when redirecting into or out of a shell "
  15526. "control structure such as an @code{if} or @code{while} statement."
  15527. msgstr ""
  15528. #. type: itemize
  15529. #: ./bashref.texi:9496
  15530. msgid ""
  15531. "Bash does not allow unbalanced quotes. The SVR4.2 shell will silently "
  15532. "insert a needed closing quote at @code{EOF} under certain circumstances. "
  15533. "This can be the cause of some hard-to-find errors."
  15534. msgstr ""
  15535. #. type: itemize
  15536. #: ./bashref.texi:9502
  15537. msgid ""
  15538. "The SVR4.2 shell uses a baroque memory management scheme based on trapping "
  15539. "@code{SIGSEGV}. If the shell is started from a process with @code{SIGSEGV} "
  15540. "blocked (e.g., by using the @code{system()} C library function call), it "
  15541. "misbehaves badly."
  15542. msgstr ""
  15543. #. type: itemize
  15544. #: ./bashref.texi:9509
  15545. msgid ""
  15546. "In a questionable attempt at security, the SVR4.2 shell, when invoked "
  15547. "without the @option{-p} option, will alter its real and effective @sc{uid} "
  15548. "and @sc{gid} if they are less than some magic threshold value, commonly "
  15549. "100. This can lead to unexpected results."
  15550. msgstr ""
  15551. #. type: itemize
  15552. #: ./bashref.texi:9513
  15553. msgid ""
  15554. "The SVR4.2 shell does not allow users to trap @code{SIGSEGV}, "
  15555. "@code{SIGALRM}, or @code{SIGCHLD}."
  15556. msgstr ""
  15557. #. type: itemize
  15558. #: ./bashref.texi:9517
  15559. msgid ""
  15560. "The SVR4.2 shell does not allow the @env{IFS}, @env{MAILCHECK}, @env{PATH}, "
  15561. "@env{PS1}, or @env{PS2} variables to be unset."
  15562. msgstr ""
  15563. #. type: itemize
  15564. #: ./bashref.texi:9521
  15565. msgid "The SVR4.2 shell treats @samp{^} as the undocumented equivalent of @samp{|}."
  15566. msgstr ""
  15567. #. type: itemize
  15568. #: ./bashref.texi:9527
  15569. msgid ""
  15570. "Bash allows multiple option arguments when it is invoked (@code{-x -v}); the "
  15571. "SVR4.2 shell allows only one option argument (@code{-xv}). In fact, some "
  15572. "versions of the shell dump core if the second argument begins with a "
  15573. "@samp{-}."
  15574. msgstr ""
  15575. #. type: itemize
  15576. #: ./bashref.texi:9532
  15577. msgid ""
  15578. "The SVR4.2 shell exits a script if any builtin fails; Bash exits a script "
  15579. "only if one of the @sc{posix} special builtins fails, and only for certain "
  15580. "failures, as enumerated in the @sc{posix} standard."
  15581. msgstr ""
  15582. #. type: itemize
  15583. #: ./bashref.texi:9536
  15584. msgid ""
  15585. "The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as @code{jsh} (it turns on "
  15586. "job control)."
  15587. msgstr ""
  15588. #. type: include
  15589. #: ./bashref.texi:9541
  15590. #, no-wrap
  15591. msgid "fdl.texi"
  15592. msgstr ""
  15593. #. type: node
  15594. #: ./bashref.texi:9554 ./bashref.texi:9556
  15595. #, no-wrap
  15596. msgid "Builtin Index"
  15597. msgstr ""
  15598. #. type: menuentry
  15599. #: ./bashref.texi:9554
  15600. msgid "Index of Bash builtin commands."
  15601. msgstr ""
  15602. #. type: node
  15603. #: ./bashref.texi:9554 ./bashref.texi:9560
  15604. #, no-wrap
  15605. msgid "Reserved Word Index"
  15606. msgstr ""
  15607. #. type: menuentry
  15608. #: ./bashref.texi:9554
  15609. msgid "Index of Bash reserved words."
  15610. msgstr ""
  15611. #. type: node
  15612. #: ./bashref.texi:9554 ./bashref.texi:9564
  15613. #, no-wrap
  15614. msgid "Variable Index"
  15615. msgstr ""
  15616. #. type: menuentry
  15617. #: ./bashref.texi:9554
  15618. msgid "Quick reference helps you find the variable you want."
  15619. msgstr ""
  15620. #. type: appendixsec
  15621. #: ./bashref.texi:9554 ./bashref.texi:9568 ./bashref.texi:9569
  15622. #, no-wrap
  15623. msgid "Function Index"
  15624. msgstr ""
  15625. #. type: menuentry
  15626. #: ./bashref.texi:9554
  15627. msgid "Index of bindable Readline functions."
  15628. msgstr ""
  15629. #. type: appendixsec
  15630. #: ./bashref.texi:9554 ./bashref.texi:9572 ./bashref.texi:9573
  15631. #, no-wrap
  15632. msgid "Concept Index"
  15633. msgstr ""
  15634. #. type: menuentry
  15635. #: ./bashref.texi:9554
  15636. msgid "General index for concepts described in this manual."
  15637. msgstr ""
  15638. #. type: appendixsec
  15639. #: ./bashref.texi:9557
  15640. #, no-wrap
  15641. msgid "Index of Shell Builtin Commands"
  15642. msgstr ""
  15643. #. type: appendixsec
  15644. #: ./bashref.texi:9561
  15645. #, no-wrap
  15646. msgid "Index of Shell Reserved Words"
  15647. msgstr ""
  15648. #. type: appendixsec
  15649. #: ./bashref.texi:9565
  15650. #, no-wrap
  15651. msgid "Parameter and Variable Index"
  15652. msgstr ""