bashrefes/bashref.pot

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-12-07 18:35+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: title
#: ./bashref.texi:4 ./bashref.texi:41
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bash Reference Manual"
msgstr ""

#. type: include
#: ./bashref.texi:6
#, no-wrap
msgid "version.texi"
msgstr ""

#. type: copying
#: ./bashref.texi:12
msgid ""
"This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the "
"Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED})."
msgstr ""

#. type: ifnottex
#: ./bashref.texi:16 ./bashref.texi:67
msgid ""
"This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED}, of @cite{The "
"GNU Bash Reference Manual}, for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}."
msgstr ""

#. type: copying
#: ./bashref.texi:18
msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr ""

#. type: quotation
#: ./bashref.texi:26
msgid ""
"Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under "
"the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later "
"version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant "
"Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the "
"license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation "
"License''."
msgstr ""

#. type: dircategory
#: ./bashref.texi:33
#, no-wrap
msgid "Basics"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:36
msgid "Bash: (bash)"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:36
msgid "The GNU Bourne-Again SHell."
msgstr ""

#. type: subtitle
#: ./bashref.texi:42
#, no-wrap
msgid "Reference Documentation for Bash"
msgstr ""

#. type: subtitle
#: ./bashref.texi:43
#, no-wrap
msgid "Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{Bash} Version @value{VERSION}."
msgstr ""

#. type: subtitle
#: ./bashref.texi:44
#, no-wrap
msgid "@value{UPDATED-MONTH}"
msgstr ""

#. type: author
#: ./bashref.texi:45
#, no-wrap
msgid "Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University"
msgstr ""

#. type: author
#: ./bashref.texi:46
#, no-wrap
msgid "Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""

#. type: node
#: ./bashref.texi:57
#, no-wrap
msgid "Top"
msgstr ""

#. type: chapter
#: ./bashref.texi:57 ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:103 ./bashref.texi:104
#, no-wrap
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""

#. type: node
#: ./bashref.texi:57 ./bashref.texi:57
#, no-wrap
msgid "(dir)"
msgstr ""

#. type: chapter
#: ./bashref.texi:58 ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:6463 ./bashref.texi:6464
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bash Features"
msgstr ""

#. type: ifnottex
#: ./bashref.texi:63
msgid ""
"This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the "
"Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).  The Bash home page "
"is @url{http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/}."
msgstr ""

#. type: ifnottex
#: ./bashref.texi:75
msgid ""
"Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some "
"features that only appear in Bash.  Some of the shells that Bash has "
"borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (@file{sh}), the Korn Shell "
"(@file{ksh}), and the C-shell (@file{csh} and its successor, @file{tcsh}).  "
"The following menu breaks the features up into categories, noting which "
"features were inspired by other shells and which are specific to Bash."
msgstr ""

#. type: ifnottex
#: ./bashref.texi:79
msgid ""
"This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in Bash.  The "
"Bash manual page should be used as the definitive reference on shell "
"behavior."
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "An introduction to the shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: chapter
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:191 ./bashref.texi:192
#, no-wrap
msgid "Definitions"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Some definitions used in the rest of this manual."
msgstr ""

#. type: chapter
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:305 ./bashref.texi:306
#, no-wrap
msgid "Basic Shell Features"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "The shell \"building blocks\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: chapter
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:3403 ./bashref.texi:3404
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Builtin Commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Commands that are a part of the shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: chapter
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:5574 ./bashref.texi:5575
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Variables"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Variables used or set by Bash."
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Features found only in Bash."
msgstr ""

#. type: chapter
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:8179 ./bashref.texi:8180
#, no-wrap
msgid "Job Control"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "What job control is and how Bash allows you to use it."
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Command Line Editing"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Chapter describing the command line editing features."
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Using History Interactively"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Command History Expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: chapter
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:8498 ./bashref.texi:8499
#, no-wrap
msgid "Installing Bash"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "How to build and install Bash on your system."
msgstr ""

#. type: appendix
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:9031 ./bashref.texi:9032
#, no-wrap
msgid "Reporting Bugs"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "How to report bugs in Bash."
msgstr ""

#. type: appendix
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:9070 ./bashref.texi:9071
#, no-wrap
msgid "Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid ""
"A terse list of the differences between Bash and historical versions of "
"/bin/sh."
msgstr ""

#. type: appendix
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:9538 ./bashref.texi:9539
#, no-wrap
msgid "GNU Free Documentation License"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Copying and sharing this documentation."
msgstr ""

#. type: appendix
#: ./bashref.texi:100 ./bashref.texi:9543 ./bashref.texi:9544
#, no-wrap
msgid "Indexes"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:100
msgid "Various indexes for this manual."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:108 ./bashref.texi:110 ./bashref.texi:111
#, no-wrap
msgid "What is Bash?"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:108
msgid "A short description of Bash."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:108 ./bashref.texi:136 ./bashref.texi:137
#, no-wrap
msgid "What is a shell?"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:108
msgid "A brief introduction to shells."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:120
msgid ""
"Bash is the shell, or command language interpreter, for the @sc{gnu} "
"operating system.  The name is an acronym for the @samp{Bourne-Again SHell}, "
"a pun on Stephen Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of the current "
"Unix shell @code{sh}, which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs "
"Research version of Unix."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:128
msgid ""
"Bash is largely compatible with @code{sh} and incorporates useful features "
"from the Korn shell @code{ksh} and the C shell @code{csh}.  It is intended "
"to be a conformant implementation of the @sc{ieee} @sc{posix} Shell and "
"Tools portion of the @sc{ieee} @sc{posix} specification (@sc{ieee} Standard "
"1003.1).  It offers functional improvements over @code{sh} for both "
"interactive and programming use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:135
msgid ""
"While the @sc{gnu} operating system provides other shells, including a "
"version of @code{csh}, Bash is the default shell.  Like other @sc{gnu} "
"software, Bash is quite portable.  It currently runs on nearly every version "
"of Unix and a few other operating systems @minus{} independently-supported "
"ports exist for @sc{ms-dos}, @sc{os/2}, and Windows platforms."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:142
msgid ""
"At its base, a shell is simply a macro processor that executes commands.  "
"The term macro processor means functionality where text and symbols are "
"expanded to create larger expressions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:152
msgid ""
"A Unix shell is both a command interpreter and a programming language.  As a "
"command interpreter, the shell provides the user interface to the rich set "
"of @sc{gnu} utilities.  The programming language features allow these "
"utilities to be combined.  Files containing commands can be created, and "
"become commands themselves.  These new commands have the same status as "
"system commands in directories such as @file{/bin}, allowing users or groups "
"to establish custom environments to automate their common tasks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:157
msgid ""
"Shells may be used interactively or non-interactively.  In interactive mode, "
"they accept input typed from the keyboard.  When executing "
"non-interactively, shells execute commands read from a file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:167
msgid ""
"A shell allows execution of @sc{gnu} commands, both synchronously and "
"asynchronously.  The shell waits for synchronous commands to complete before "
"accepting more input; asynchronous commands continue to execute in parallel "
"with the shell while it reads and executes additional commands.  The "
"@dfn{redirection} constructs permit fine-grained control of the input and "
"output of those commands.  Moreover, the shell allows control over the "
"contents of commands' environments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:179
msgid ""
"Shells also provide a small set of built-in commands (@dfn{builtins}) "
"implementing functionality impossible or inconvenient to obtain via separate "
"utilities.  For example, @code{cd}, @code{break}, @code{continue}, and "
"@code{exec} cannot be implemented outside of the shell because they directly "
"manipulate the shell itself.  The @code{history}, @code{getopts}, "
"@code{kill}, or @code{pwd} builtins, among others, could be implemented in "
"separate utilities, but they are more convenient to use as builtin "
"commands.  All of the shell builtins are described in subsequent sections."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:184
msgid ""
"While executing commands is essential, most of the power (and complexity) of "
"shells is due to their embedded programming languages.  Like any high-level "
"language, the shell provides variables, flow control constructs, quoting, "
"and functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:190
msgid ""
"Shells offer features geared specifically for interactive use rather than to "
"augment the programming language.  These interactive features include job "
"control, command line editing, command history and aliases.  Each of these "
"features is described in this manual."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:194
msgid "These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:197 ./bashref.texi:198
#, no-wrap
msgid "POSIX"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:202
msgid ""
"A family of open system standards based on Unix.  Bash is primarily "
"concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the @sc{posix} 1003.1 "
"standard."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:203
#, no-wrap
msgid "blank"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:205
msgid "A space or tab character."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:206 ./bashref.texi:207 ./bashref.texi:4128 ./bashref.texi:4129
#, no-wrap
msgid "builtin"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:210
msgid ""
"A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather than by "
"an executable program somewhere in the file system."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:211 ./bashref.texi:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "control operator"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:217
msgid ""
"A @code{token} that performs a control function.  It is a @code{newline} or "
"one of the following: @samp{||}, @samp{&&}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{;;}, "
"@samp{;&}, @samp{;;&}, @samp{|}, @samp{|&}, @samp{(}, or @samp{)}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:218 ./bashref.texi:219 ./bashref.texi:3251
#, no-wrap
msgid "exit status"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:222
msgid ""
"The value returned by a command to its caller.  The value is restricted to "
"eight bits, so the maximum value is 255."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:223 ./bashref.texi:224
#, no-wrap
msgid "field"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:228
msgid ""
"A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions.  After "
"expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as the "
"command name and arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:229 ./bashref.texi:230
#, no-wrap
msgid "filename"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:232
msgid "A string of characters used to identify a file."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:233 ./bashref.texi:234
#, no-wrap
msgid "job"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:237
msgid ""
"A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended from "
"it, that are all in the same process group."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:238 ./bashref.texi:239 ./bashref.texi:8195
#, no-wrap
msgid "job control"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:242
msgid ""
"A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart "
"(resume) execution of processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:243 ./bashref.texi:244
#, no-wrap
msgid "metacharacter"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:249
msgid ""
"A character that, when unquoted, separates words.  A metacharacter is a "
"@code{space}, @code{tab}, @code{newline}, or one of the following "
"characters: @samp{|}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{(}, @samp{)}, @samp{<}, or "
"@samp{>}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:250 ./bashref.texi:251
#, no-wrap
msgid "name"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:252
#, no-wrap
msgid "identifier"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:257
msgid ""
"A @code{word} consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores, and "
"beginning with a letter or underscore.  @code{Name}s are used as shell "
"variable and function names.  Also referred to as an @code{identifier}."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:258
#, no-wrap
msgid "operator"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:259
#, no-wrap
msgid "operator, shell"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:263
msgid ""
"A @code{control operator} or a @code{redirection operator}.  "
"@xref{Redirections}, for a list of redirection operators.  Operators contain "
"at least one unquoted @code{metacharacter}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:264 ./bashref.texi:265
#, no-wrap
msgid "process group"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:268
msgid ""
"A collection of related processes each having the same process group "
"@sc{id}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:269 ./bashref.texi:270
#, no-wrap
msgid "process group ID"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:273
msgid ""
"A unique identifier that represents a @code{process group} during its "
"lifetime."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:274 ./bashref.texi:275
#, no-wrap
msgid "reserved word"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:279
msgid ""
"A @code{word} that has a special meaning to the shell.  Most reserved words "
"introduce shell flow control constructs, such as @code{for} and "
"@code{while}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:280 ./bashref.texi:281
#, no-wrap
msgid "return status"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:283
msgid "A synonym for @code{exit status}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:284 ./bashref.texi:285
#, no-wrap
msgid "signal"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:288
msgid ""
"A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel of an event "
"occurring in the system."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:289 ./bashref.texi:290 ./bashref.texi:5545
#, no-wrap
msgid "special builtin"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:293
msgid ""
"A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the "
"@sc{posix} standard."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:294 ./bashref.texi:295
#, no-wrap
msgid "token"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:298
msgid ""
"A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell.  It is "
"either a @code{word} or an @code{operator}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:299 ./bashref.texi:300
#, no-wrap
msgid "word"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:303
msgid ""
"A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell.  Words may not "
"include unquoted @code{metacharacters}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:307
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bourne shell"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:315
msgid ""
"Bash is an acronym for @samp{Bourne-Again SHell}.  The Bourne shell is the "
"traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne.  All of the "
"Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash, The rules for "
"evaluation and quoting are taken from the @sc{posix} specification for the "
"`standard' Unix shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:321
msgid ""
"This chapter briefly summarizes the shell's `building blocks': commands, "
"control structures, shell functions, shell @i{parameters}, shell expansions, "
"@i{redirections}, which are a way to direct input and output from and to "
"named files, and how the shell executes commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:334 ./bashref.texi:335
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Syntax"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:332
msgid "What your input means to the shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:575 ./bashref.texi:576
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:332
msgid "The types of commands you can use."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:1394 ./bashref.texi:1395
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Functions"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:332
msgid "Grouping commands by name."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:1578 ./bashref.texi:1579
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:332
msgid "How the shell stores values."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:1785 ./bashref.texi:1786
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Expansions"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:332
msgid "How Bash expands parameters and the various expansions available."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:2703 ./bashref.texi:2704
#, no-wrap
msgid "Redirections"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:332
msgid "A way to control where input and output go."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:2995 ./bashref.texi:2996
#, no-wrap
msgid "Executing Commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:332
msgid "What happens when you run a command."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:332 ./bashref.texi:3333 ./bashref.texi:3334
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Scripts"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:332
msgid "Executing files of shell commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:340 ./bashref.texi:357 ./bashref.texi:358
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Operation"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:340
msgid "The basic operation of the shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:340 ./bashref.texi:398 ./bashref.texi:399
#, no-wrap
msgid "Quoting"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:340
msgid "How to remove the special meaning from characters."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:340 ./bashref.texi:560 ./bashref.texi:561
#, no-wrap
msgid "Comments"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:340
msgid "How to specify comments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:346
msgid ""
"When the shell reads input, it proceeds through a sequence of operations.  "
"If the input indicates the beginning of a comment, the shell ignores the "
"comment symbol (@samp{#}), and the rest of that line."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:350
msgid ""
"Otherwise, roughly speaking, the shell reads its input and divides the input "
"into words and operators, employing the quoting rules to select which "
"meanings to assign various words and characters."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:356
msgid ""
"The shell then parses these tokens into commands and other constructs, "
"removes the special meaning of certain words or characters, expands others, "
"redirects input and output as needed, executes the specified command, waits "
"for the command's exit status, and makes that exit status available for "
"further inspection or processing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:363
msgid ""
"The following is a brief description of the shell's operation when it reads "
"and executes a command.  Basically, the shell does the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:369
msgid ""
"Reads its input from a file (@pxref{Shell Scripts}), from a string supplied "
"as an argument to the @option{-c} invocation option (@pxref{Invoking Bash}), "
"or from the user's terminal."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:375
msgid ""
"Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules "
"described in @ref{Quoting}.  These tokens are separated by "
"@code{metacharacters}.  Alias expansion is performed by this step "
"(@pxref{Aliases})."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:379
msgid ""
"Parses the tokens into simple and compound commands (@pxref{Shell "
"Commands})."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:384
msgid ""
"Performs the various shell expansions (@pxref{Shell Expansions}), breaking "
"the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (@pxref{Filename Expansion})  "
"and commands and arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:388
msgid ""
"Performs any necessary redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) and removes the "
"redirection operators and their operands from the argument list."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:391
msgid "Executes the command (@pxref{Executing Commands})."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:395
msgid ""
"Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit status "
"(@pxref{Exit Status})."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:400
#, no-wrap
msgid "quoting"
msgstr ""

#. type: subsubsection
#: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:430 ./bashref.texi:431
#, no-wrap
msgid "Escape Character"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:410
msgid "How to remove the special meaning from a single character."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsubsection
#: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:439 ./bashref.texi:440
#, no-wrap
msgid "Single Quotes"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:410
msgid "How to inhibit all interpretation of a sequence of characters."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsubsection
#: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:446 ./bashref.texi:447
#, no-wrap
msgid "Double Quotes"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:410
msgid "How to suppress most of the interpretation of a sequence of characters."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsubsection
#: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:474 ./bashref.texi:475
#, no-wrap
msgid "ANSI-C Quoting"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:410
msgid "How to expand ANSI-C sequences in quoted strings."
msgstr ""

#. type: node
#: ./bashref.texi:410 ./bashref.texi:529
#, no-wrap
msgid "Locale Translation"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:410
msgid "How to translate strings into different languages."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:417
msgid ""
"Quoting is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or words "
"to the shell.  Quoting can be used to disable special treatment for special "
"characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized as such, and to "
"prevent parameter expansion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:426
msgid ""
"Each of the shell metacharacters (@pxref{Definitions})  has special meaning "
"to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself.  When the "
"command history expansion facilities are being used (@pxref{History "
"Interaction}), the @var{history expansion} character, usually @samp{!}, must "
"be quoted to prevent history expansion.  @xref{Bash History Facilities}, for "
"more details concerning history expansion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:429
msgid ""
"There are three quoting mechanisms: the @var{escape character}, single "
"quotes, and double quotes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:438
msgid ""
"A non-quoted backslash @samp{\\} is the Bash escape character.  It preserves "
"the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of "
"@code{newline}.  If a @code{\\newline} pair appears, and the backslash "
"itself is not quoted, the @code{\\newline} is treated as a line continuation "
"(that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:445
msgid ""
"Enclosing characters in single quotes (@samp{'}) preserves the literal value "
"of each character within the quotes.  A single quote may not occur between "
"single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:470
msgid ""
"Enclosing characters in double quotes (@samp{\"}) preserves the literal "
"value of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of @samp{$}, "
"@samp{`}, @samp{\\}, and, when history expansion is enabled, @samp{!}.  When "
"the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), the @samp{!} has "
"no special meaning within double quotes, even when history expansion is "
"enabled.  The characters @samp{$} and @samp{`} retain their special meaning "
"within double quotes (@pxref{Shell Expansions}).  The backslash retains its "
"special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters: "
"@samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{\"}, @samp{\\}, or @code{newline}.  Within double "
"quotes, backslashes that are followed by one of these characters are "
"removed.  Backslashes preceding characters without a special meaning are "
"left unmodified.  A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by "
"preceding it with a backslash.  If enabled, history expansion will be "
"performed unless an @samp{!} appearing in double quotes is escaped using a "
"backslash.  The backslash preceding the @samp{!} is not removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:473
msgid ""
"The special parameters @samp{*} and @samp{@@} have special meaning when in "
"double quotes (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion})."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:476
#, no-wrap
msgid "quoting, ANSI"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:482
msgid ""
"Words of the form @code{$'@var{string}'} are treated specially.  The word "
"expands to @var{string}, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as "
"specified by the ANSI C standard.  Backslash escape sequences, if present, "
"are decoded as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:484 ./bashref.texi:4323 ./bashref.texi:7536
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\a"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:486 ./bashref.texi:4325
msgid "alert (bell)"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:486 ./bashref.texi:4325
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\b"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:488 ./bashref.texi:4327
msgid "backspace"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:488 ./bashref.texi:4329 ./bashref.texi:7544
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\e"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemx
#: ./bashref.texi:489 ./bashref.texi:4330
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\E"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:491
msgid "an escape character (not ANSI C)"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:491 ./bashref.texi:4332
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\f"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:493 ./bashref.texi:4334
msgid "form feed"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:493 ./bashref.texi:4334 ./bashref.texi:7554
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:495
msgid "newline"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:495 ./bashref.texi:4336 ./bashref.texi:7556
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\r"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:497 ./bashref.texi:4338
msgid "carriage return"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:497 ./bashref.texi:4338 ./bashref.texi:7561
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\t"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:499 ./bashref.texi:4340
msgid "horizontal tab"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:499 ./bashref.texi:4340 ./bashref.texi:7571
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\v"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:501 ./bashref.texi:4342
msgid "vertical tab"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:501 ./bashref.texi:4342 ./bashref.texi:7588
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\\\"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:503 ./bashref.texi:4344
msgid "backslash"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:503
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\'"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:505
msgid "single quote"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:505
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\\""
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:507
msgid "double quote"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:507
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\?"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:509
msgid "question mark"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:509 ./bashref.texi:7586
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\@var{nnn}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:512
msgid ""
"the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn} (one to "
"three octal digits)"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:512 ./bashref.texi:4347
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\x@var{HH}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:515 ./bashref.texi:4350
msgid ""
"the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH} (one "
"or two hex digits)"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:515 ./bashref.texi:4350
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\u@var{HHHH}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:518 ./bashref.texi:4353
msgid ""
"the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value "
"@var{HHHH} (one to four hex digits)"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:518 ./bashref.texi:4353
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\U@var{HHHHHHHH}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:521 ./bashref.texi:4356
msgid ""
"the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value "
"@var{HHHHHHHH} (one to eight hex digits)"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:521
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\c@var{x}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:523
msgid "a control-@var{x} character"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:528
msgid ""
"The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been "
"present."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsubsection
#: ./bashref.texi:530
#, no-wrap
msgid "Locale-Specific Translation"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:531
#, no-wrap
msgid "localization"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:532
#, no-wrap
msgid "internationalization"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:533
#, no-wrap
msgid "native languages"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:534
#, no-wrap
msgid "translation, native languages"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:547
msgid ""
"A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (@samp{$})  will cause the "
"string to be translated according to the current locale.  The @var{gettext} "
"infrastructure performs the message catalog lookup and translation, using "
"the @code{LC_MESSAGES} and @code{TEXTDOMAIN} shell variables, as explained "
"below. See the gettext documentation for additional details.  If the current "
"locale is @code{C} or @code{POSIX}, or if there are no translations "
"available, the dollar sign is ignored.  If the string is translated and "
"replaced, the replacement is double-quoted."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:548 ./bashref.texi:6218
#, no-wrap
msgid "LC_MESSAGES"
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:549
#, no-wrap
msgid "TEXTDOMAIN"
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:550
#, no-wrap
msgid "TEXTDOMAINDIR"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:559
msgid ""
"Some systems use the message catalog selected by the @env{LC_MESSAGES} shell "
"variable.  Others create the name of the message catalog from the value of "
"the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} shell variable, possibly adding a suffix of "
"@samp{.mo}.  If you use the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} variable, you may need to set "
"the @env{TEXTDOMAINDIR} variable to the location of the message catalog "
"files.  Still others use both variables in this fashion: "
"@env{TEXTDOMAINDIR}/@env{LC_MESSAGES}/LC_MESSAGES/@env{TEXTDOMAIN}.mo."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:562
#, no-wrap
msgid "comments, shell"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:574
msgid ""
"In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the "
"@code{interactive_comments} option to the @code{shopt} builtin is enabled "
"(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), a word beginning with @samp{#} causes that word "
"and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.  An interactive "
"shell without the @code{interactive_comments} option enabled does not allow "
"comments.  The @code{interactive_comments} option is on by default in "
"interactive shells.  @xref{Interactive Shells}, for a description of what "
"makes a shell interactive."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:577
#, no-wrap
msgid "commands, shell"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:581
msgid ""
"A simple shell command such as @code{echo a b c} consists of the command "
"itself followed by arguments, separated by spaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:586
msgid ""
"More complex shell commands are composed of simple commands arranged "
"together in a variety of ways: in a pipeline in which the output of one "
"command becomes the input of a second, in a loop or conditional construct, "
"or in some other grouping."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:598 ./bashref.texi:599
#, no-wrap
msgid "Reserved Words"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:596
msgid "Words that have special meaning to the shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:624 ./bashref.texi:625
#, no-wrap
msgid "Simple Commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:596
msgid "The most common type of command."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:639 ./bashref.texi:640
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pipelines"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:596
msgid "Connecting the input and output of several commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: node
#: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:713
#, no-wrap
msgid "Lists"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:596
msgid "How to execute commands sequentially."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:770 ./bashref.texi:771
#, no-wrap
msgid "Compound Commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:596
msgid "Shell commands for control flow."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:1221 ./bashref.texi:1222
#, no-wrap
msgid "Coprocesses"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:596
msgid "Two-way communication between commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:596 ./bashref.texi:1268 ./bashref.texi:1269
#, no-wrap
msgid "GNU Parallel"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:596
msgid "Running commands in parallel."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:600
#, no-wrap
msgid "reserved words"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:604
msgid ""
"Reserved words are words that have special meaning to the shell.  They are "
"used to begin and end the shell's compound commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:607
msgid ""
"The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and the first "
"word of a command (see below for exceptions):"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:609
#, no-wrap
msgid "@code{if} @tab @code{then} @tab @code{elif}"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:611 ./bashref.texi:879
#, no-wrap
msgid "else"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:611 ./bashref.texi:881
#, no-wrap
msgid "fi"
msgstr ""

#. type: multitable
#: ./bashref.texi:611
msgid "@code{time}"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:611
#, no-wrap
msgid "@code{for} @tab @code{in} @tab @code{until}"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:613 ./bashref.texi:818 ./bashref.texi:819
#, no-wrap
msgid "while"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:613 ./bashref.texi:805
#, no-wrap
msgid "do"
msgstr ""

#. type: multitable
#: ./bashref.texi:613
msgid "@code{done}"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:613
#, no-wrap
msgid "@code{case} @tab @code{esac} @tab @code{coproc}"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:615 ./bashref.texi:974 ./bashref.texi:975
#, no-wrap
msgid "select"
msgstr ""

#. type: multitable
#: ./bashref.texi:615
msgid "@code{function}"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:615
#, no-wrap
msgid "@code{@{} @tab @code{@}} @tab @code{[[} @tab @code{]]} @tab @code{!}"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:623
msgid ""
"@code{in} is recognized as a reserved word if it is the third word of a "
"@code{case} or @code{select} command.  @code{in} and @code{do} are "
"recognized as reserved words if they are the third word in a @code{for} "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:626
#, no-wrap
msgid "commands, simple"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:633
msgid ""
"A simple command is the kind of command encountered most often.  It's just a "
"sequence of words separated by @code{blank}s, terminated by one of the "
"shell's control operators (@pxref{Definitions}).  The first word generally "
"specifies a command to be executed, with the rest of the words being that "
"command's arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:638
msgid ""
"The return status (@pxref{Exit Status}) of a simple command is its exit "
"status as provided by the @sc{posix} 1003.1 @code{waitpid} function, or "
"128+@var{n} if the command was terminated by signal @var{n}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:641
#, no-wrap
msgid "pipeline"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:642
#, no-wrap
msgid "commands, pipelines"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:646
msgid ""
"A @code{pipeline} is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of "
"the control operators @samp{|} or @samp{|&}."
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:647
#, no-wrap
msgid "time"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:648 ./bashref.texi:1768
#, no-wrap
msgid "!"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:649
#, no-wrap
msgid "command timing"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:651
msgid "The format for a pipeline is"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:653
#, no-wrap
msgid "[time [-p]] [!] @var{command1} [ | or |& @var{command2} ] @dots{}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:661
msgid ""
"The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe to the "
"input of the next command.  That is, each command reads the previous "
"command's output.  This connection is performed before any redirections "
"specified by the command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:668
msgid ""
"If @samp{|&} is used, @var{command1}'s standard error, in addition to its "
"standard output, is connected to @var{command2}'s standard input through the "
"pipe; it is shorthand for @code{2>&1 |}.  This implicit redirection of the "
"standard error to the standard output is performed after any redirections "
"specified by the command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:684
msgid ""
"The reserved word @code{time} causes timing statistics to be printed for the "
"pipeline once it finishes.  The statistics currently consist of elapsed "
"(wall-clock) time and user and system time consumed by the command's "
"execution.  The @option{-p} option changes the output format to that "
"specified by @sc{posix}.  When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash "
"POSIX Mode}), it does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the "
"next token begins with a @samp{-}.  The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be set "
"to a format string that specifies how the timing information should be "
"displayed.  @xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of the available "
"formats.  The use of @code{time} as a reserved word permits the timing of "
"shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines.  An external @code{time} "
"command cannot time these easily."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:690
msgid ""
"When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), @code{time} "
"may be followed by a newline.  In this case, the shell displays the total "
"user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.  The "
"@env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be used to specify the format of the time "
"information."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:693
msgid ""
"If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (@pxref{Lists}), the shell "
"waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:699
msgid ""
"Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell, which is a "
"separate process (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}).  If the "
"@code{lastpipe} option is enabled using the @code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{The "
"Shopt Builtin}), the last element of a pipeline may be run by the shell "
"process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:712
msgid ""
"The exit status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the "
"pipeline, unless the @code{pipefail} option is enabled (@pxref{The Set "
"Builtin}).  If @code{pipefail} is enabled, the pipeline's return status is "
"the value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or "
"zero if all commands exit successfully.  If the reserved word @samp{!} "
"precedes the pipeline, the exit status is the logical negation of the exit "
"status as described above.  The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline "
"to terminate before returning a value."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:714
#, no-wrap
msgid "Lists of Commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:715
#, no-wrap
msgid "commands, lists"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:721
msgid ""
"A @code{list} is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the "
"operators @samp{;}, @samp{&}, @samp{&&}, or @samp{||}, and optionally "
"terminated by one of @samp{;}, @samp{&}, or a @code{newline}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:725
msgid ""
"Of these list operators, @samp{&&} and @samp{||} have equal precedence, "
"followed by @samp{;} and @samp{&}, which have equal precedence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:728
msgid ""
"A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a @code{list} to delimit "
"commands, equivalent to a semicolon."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:738
msgid ""
"If a command is terminated by the control operator @samp{&}, the shell "
"executes the command asynchronously in a subshell.  This is known as "
"executing the command in the @var{background}, and these are referred to as "
"@var{asynchronous} commands.  The shell does not wait for the command to "
"finish, and the return status is 0 (true).  When job control is not active "
"(@pxref{Job Control}), the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the "
"absence of any explicit redirections, is redirected from @code{/dev/null}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:742
msgid ""
"Commands separated by a @samp{;} are executed sequentially; the shell waits "
"for each command to terminate in turn.  The return status is the exit status "
"of the last command executed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:747
msgid ""
"@sc{and} and @sc{or} lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated "
"by the control operators @samp{&&} and @samp{||}, respectively.  @sc{and} "
"and @sc{or} lists are executed with left associativity."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:749
msgid "An @sc{and} list has the form"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:751
#, no-wrap
msgid "@var{command1} && @var{command2}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:756
msgid ""
"@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1} returns an exit "
"status of zero (success)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:758
msgid "An @sc{or} list has the form"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:760
#, no-wrap
msgid "@var{command1} || @var{command2}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:765
msgid ""
"@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1} returns a "
"non-zero exit status."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:769
msgid ""
"The return status of @sc{and} and @sc{or} lists is the exit status of the "
"last command executed in the list."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:772
#, no-wrap
msgid "commands, compound"
msgstr ""

#. type: subsubsection
#: ./bashref.texi:778 ./bashref.texi:793 ./bashref.texi:794
#, no-wrap
msgid "Looping Constructs"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:778
msgid "Shell commands for iterative action."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsubsection
#: ./bashref.texi:778 ./bashref.texi:871 ./bashref.texi:872
#, no-wrap
msgid "Conditional Constructs"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:778
msgid "Shell commands for conditional execution."
msgstr ""

#. type: node
#: ./bashref.texi:778 ./bashref.texi:1177
#, no-wrap
msgid "Command Grouping"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:778
msgid "Ways to group commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:785
msgid ""
"Compound commands are the shell programming language constructs.  Each "
"construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is terminated "
"by a corresponding reserved word or operator.  Any redirections "
"(@pxref{Redirections}) associated with a compound command apply to all "
"commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:789
msgid ""
"In most cases a list of commands in a compound command's description may be "
"separated from the rest of the command by one or more newlines, and may be "
"followed by a newline in place of a semicolon."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:792
msgid ""
"Bash provides looping constructs, conditional commands, and mechanisms to "
"group commands and execute them as a unit."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:795
#, no-wrap
msgid "commands, looping"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:798
msgid "Bash supports the following looping constructs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:801
msgid ""
"Note that wherever a @samp{;} appears in the description of a command's "
"syntax, it may be replaced with one or more newlines."
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:803 ./bashref.texi:804
#, no-wrap
msgid "until"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:806
#, no-wrap
msgid "done"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:808
msgid "The syntax of the @code{until} command is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:811
#, no-wrap
msgid "until @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:817
msgid ""
"Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as @var{test-commands} has an exit "
"status which is not zero.  The return status is the exit status of the last "
"command executed in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:821
msgid "The syntax of the @code{while} command is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:824
#, no-wrap
msgid "while @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:830
msgid ""
"Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as @var{test-commands} has an exit "
"status of zero.  The return status is the exit status of the last command "
"executed in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed."
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:831 ./bashref.texi:832
#, no-wrap
msgid "for"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:834
msgid "The syntax of the @code{for} command is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:837
#, no-wrap
msgid "for @var{name} [ [in [@var{words} @dots{}] ] ; ] do @var{commands}; done\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:846
msgid ""
"Expand @var{words} (@pxref{Shell Expansions}), and execute @var{commands} "
"once for each member in the resultant list, with @var{name} bound to the "
"current member.  If @samp{in @var{words}} is not present, the @code{for} "
"command executes the @var{commands} once for each positional parameter that "
"is set, as if @samp{in \"$@@\"} had been specified (@pxref{Special "
"Parameters})."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:850
msgid ""
"The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.  If "
"there are no items in the expansion of @var{words}, no commands are "
"executed, and the return status is zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:852
msgid "An alternate form of the @code{for} command is also supported:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:855
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} )) ; do @var{commands} ; "
"done\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:866
msgid ""
"First, the arithmetic expression @var{expr1} is evaluated according to the "
"rules described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).  The arithmetic expression "
"@var{expr2} is then evaluated repeatedly until it evaluates to zero.  Each "
"time @var{expr2} evaluates to a non-zero value, @var{commands} are executed "
"and the arithmetic expression @var{expr3} is evaluated.  If any expression "
"is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.  The return value is the "
"exit status of the last command in @var{commands} that is executed, or false "
"if any of the expressions is invalid."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:870
msgid ""
"The @code{break} and @code{continue} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell "
"Builtins})  may be used to control loop execution."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:873
#, no-wrap
msgid "commands, conditional"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:876 ./bashref.texi:877
#, no-wrap
msgid "if"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:878
#, no-wrap
msgid "then"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:880
#, no-wrap
msgid "elif"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:883
msgid "The syntax of the @code{if} command is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:891
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if @var{test-commands}; then\n"
"  @var{consequent-commands};\n"
"[elif @var{more-test-commands}; then\n"
"  @var{more-consequents};]\n"
"[else @var{alternate-consequents};]\n"
"fi\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:904
msgid ""
"The @var{test-commands} list is executed, and if its return status is zero, "
"the @var{consequent-commands} list is executed.  If @var{test-commands} "
"returns a non-zero status, each @code{elif} list is executed in turn, and if "
"its exit status is zero, the corresponding @var{more-consequents} is "
"executed and the command completes.  If @samp{else "
"@var{alternate-consequents}} is present, and the final command in the final "
"@code{if} or @code{elif} clause has a non-zero exit status, then "
"@var{alternate-consequents} is executed.  The return status is the exit "
"status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true."
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:905 ./bashref.texi:906
#, no-wrap
msgid "case"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:907
#, no-wrap
msgid "in"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:908
#, no-wrap
msgid "esac"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:910
msgid "The syntax of the @code{case} command is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:915
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"case @var{word} in\n"
"    [ [(] @var{pattern} [| @var{pattern}]@dots{}) @var{command-list} "
";;]@dots{}\n"
"esac\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:929
msgid ""
"@code{case} will selectively execute the @var{command-list} corresponding to "
"the first @var{pattern} that matches @var{word}.  The match is performed "
"according to the rules described below in @ref{Pattern Matching}.  If the "
"@code{nocasematch} shell option (see the description of @code{shopt} in "
"@ref{The Shopt Builtin})  is enabled, the match is performed without regard "
"to the case of alphabetic characters.  The @samp{|} is used to separate "
"multiple patterns, and the @samp{)} operator terminates a pattern list.  A "
"list of patterns and an associated command-list is known as a @var{clause}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:937
msgid ""
"Each clause must be terminated with @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}.  "
"The @var{word} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command "
"substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (@pxref{Shell "
"Parameter Expansion})  before matching is attempted.  Each @var{pattern} "
"undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and "
"arithmetic expansion."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:944
msgid ""
"There may be an arbitrary number of @code{case} clauses, each terminated by "
"a @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}.  The first pattern that matches "
"determines the command-list that is executed.  It's a common idiom to use "
"@samp{*} as the final pattern to define the default case, since that pattern "
"will always match."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:947
msgid ""
"Here is an example using @code{case} in a script that could be used to "
"describe one interesting feature of an animal:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:958
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"echo -n \"Enter the name of an animal: \"\n"
"read ANIMAL\n"
"echo -n \"The $ANIMAL has \"\n"
"case $ANIMAL in\n"
"  horse | dog | cat) echo -n \"four\";;\n"
"  man | kangaroo ) echo -n \"two\";;\n"
"  *) echo -n \"an unknown number of\";;\n"
"esac\n"
"echo \" legs.\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:970
msgid ""
"If the @samp{;;} operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after "
"the first pattern match.  Using @samp{;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes "
"execution to continue with the @var{command-list} associated with the next "
"clause, if any.  Using @samp{;;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes the shell to "
"test the patterns in the next clause, if any, and execute any associated "
"@var{command-list} on a successful match, continuing the case statement "
"execution as if the pattern list had not matched."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:973
msgid ""
"The return status is zero if no @var{pattern} is matched.  Otherwise, the "
"return status is the exit status of the @var{command-list} executed."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:979
msgid ""
"The @code{select} construct allows the easy generation of menus.  It has "
"almost the same syntax as the @code{for} command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:982
#, no-wrap
msgid "select @var{name} [in @var{words} @dots{}]; do @var{commands}; done\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:997
msgid ""
"The list of words following @code{in} is expanded, generating a list of "
"items.  The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error output "
"stream, each preceded by a number.  If the @samp{in @var{words}} is omitted, "
"the positional parameters are printed, as if @samp{in \"$@@\"} had been "
"specified.  The @env{PS3} prompt is then displayed and a line is read from "
"the standard input.  If the line consists of a number corresponding to one "
"of the displayed words, then the value of @var{name} is set to that word.  "
"If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again.  If "
"@code{EOF} is read, the @code{select} command completes.  Any other value "
"read causes @var{name} to be set to null.  The line read is saved in the "
"variable @env{REPLY}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1001
msgid ""
"The @var{commands} are executed after each selection until a @code{break} "
"command is executed, at which point the @code{select} command completes."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1005
msgid ""
"Here is an example that allows the user to pick a filename from the current "
"directory, and displays the name and index of the file selected."
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1012
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"select fname in *;\n"
"do\n"
"\techo you picked $fname \\($REPLY\\)\n"
"\tbreak;\n"
"done\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1014
#, no-wrap
msgid "((@dots{}))"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1017
#, no-wrap
msgid "(( @var{expression} ))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1023
msgid ""
"The arithmetic @var{expression} is evaluated according to the rules "
"described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).  If the value of the expression "
"is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status is 1.  This "
"is exactly equivalent to"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1025
#, no-wrap
msgid "let \"@var{expression}\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1028
msgid "@xref{Bash Builtins}, for a full description of the @code{let} builtin."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1029
#, no-wrap
msgid "[[@dots{}]]"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1030
#, no-wrap
msgid "[["
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1031
#, no-wrap
msgid "]]"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1034
#, no-wrap
msgid "[[ @var{expression} ]]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1046
msgid ""
"Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional "
"expression @var{expression}.  Expressions are composed of the primaries "
"described below in @ref{Bash Conditional Expressions}.  Word splitting and "
"filename expansion are not performed on the words between the @code{[[} and "
"@code{]]}; tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic "
"expansion, command substitution, process substitution, and quote removal are "
"performed.  Conditional operators such as @samp{-f} must be unquoted to be "
"recognized as primaries."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1049
msgid ""
"When used with @code{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort "
"lexicographically using the current locale."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1063
msgid ""
"When the @samp{==} and @samp{!=} operators are used, the string to the right "
"of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to the rules "
"described below in @ref{Pattern Matching}, as if the @code{extglob} shell "
"option were enabled.  The @samp{=} operator is identical to @samp{==}.  If "
"the @code{nocasematch} shell option (see the description of @code{shopt} in "
"@ref{The Shopt Builtin})  is enabled, the match is performed without regard "
"to the case of alphabetic characters.  The return value is 0 if the string "
"matches (@samp{==}) or does not match (@samp{!=}) the pattern, and 1 "
"otherwise.  Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted "
"portion to be matched as a string."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1084
msgid ""
"An additional binary operator, @samp{=~}, is available, with the same "
"precedence as @samp{==} and @samp{!=}.  When it is used, the string to the "
"right of the operator is considered a @sc{posix} extended regular expression "
"and matched accordingly (using the @sc{posix} @code{regcomp} and "
"@code{regexec} interfaces usually described in @i{regex}(3)).  The return "
"value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise.  If the "
"regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional expression's "
"return value is 2.  If the @code{nocasematch} shell option (see the "
"description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin})  is enabled, the "
"match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.  Any "
"part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched "
"as a string.  Bracket expressions in regular expressions must be treated "
"carefully, since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between "
"brackets.  If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the "
"variable expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1096
msgid ""
"The pattern will match if it matches any part of the string.  Anchor the "
"pattern using the @samp{^} and @samp{$} regular expression operators to "
"force it to match the entire string.  The array variable @code{BASH_REMATCH} "
"records which parts of the string matched the pattern.  The element of "
"@code{BASH_REMATCH} with index 0 contains the portion of the string matching "
"the entire regular expression.  Substrings matched by parenthesized "
"subexpressions within the regular expression are saved in the remaining "
"@code{BASH_REMATCH} indices.  The element of @code{BASH_REMATCH} with index "
"@var{n} is the portion of the string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized "
"subexpression."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1103
msgid ""
"For example, the following will match a line (stored in the shell variable "
"@var{line})  if there is a sequence of characters anywhere in the value "
"consisting of any number, including zero, of characters in the @code{space} "
"character class, zero or one instances of @samp{a}, then a @samp{b}:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1105
#, no-wrap
msgid "[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1110
msgid ""
"That means values like @samp{aab} and @samp{ aaaaaab} will match, as will a "
"line containing a @samp{b} anywhere in its value."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1119
msgid ""
"Storing the regular expression in a shell variable is often a useful way to "
"avoid problems with quoting characters that are special to the shell.  It is "
"sometimes difficult to specify a regular expression literally without using "
"quotes, or to keep track of the quoting used by regular expressions while "
"paying attention to the shell's quote removal.  Using a shell variable to "
"store the pattern decreases these problems.  For example, the following is "
"equivalent to the above:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1122
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"pattern='[[:space:]]*(a)?b'\n"
"[[ $line =~ $pattern ]]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1134
msgid ""
"If you want to match a character that's special to the regular expression "
"grammar, it has to be quoted to remove its special meaning.  This means that "
"in the pattern @samp{xxx.txt}, the @samp{.} matches any character in the "
"string (its usual regular expression meaning), but in the pattern "
"@samp{\"xxx.txt\"} it can only match a literal @samp{.}.  Shell programmers "
"should take special care with backslashes, since backslashes are used both "
"by the shell and regular expressions to remove the special meaning from the "
"following character.  The following two sets of commands are @emph{not} "
"equivalent:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1136
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"pattern='\\.'\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1139
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[[ . =~ $pattern ]]\n"
"[[ . =~ \\. ]]\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1142
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[[ . =~ \"$pattern\" ]]\n"
"[[ . =~ '\\.' ]]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1152
msgid ""
"The first two matches will succeed, but the second two will not, because in "
"the second two the backslash will be part of the pattern to be matched.  In "
"the first two examples, the backslash removes the special meaning from "
"@samp{.}, so the literal @samp{.} matches.  If the string in the first "
"examples were anything other than @samp{.}, say @samp{a}, the pattern would "
"not match, because the quoted @samp{.} in the pattern loses its special "
"meaning of matching any single character."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1155
msgid ""
"Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in "
"decreasing order of precedence:"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1157
#, no-wrap
msgid "( @var{expression} )"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1160
msgid ""
"Returns the value of @var{expression}.  This may be used to override the "
"normal precedence of operators."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1161
#, no-wrap
msgid "! @var{expression}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1163
msgid "True if @var{expression} is false."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1164
#, no-wrap
msgid "@var{expression1} && @var{expression2}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1166
msgid "True if both @var{expression1} and @var{expression2} are true."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1167
#, no-wrap
msgid "@var{expression1} || @var{expression2}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1169
msgid "True if either @var{expression1} or @var{expression2} is true."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1175
msgid ""
"The @code{&&} and @code{||} operators do not evaluate @var{expression2} if "
"the value of @var{expression1} is sufficient to determine the return value "
"of the entire conditional expression."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsubsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1178
#, no-wrap
msgid "Grouping Commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1179
#, no-wrap
msgid "commands, grouping"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1185
msgid ""
"Bash provides two ways to group a list of commands to be executed as a "
"unit.  When commands are grouped, redirections may be applied to the entire "
"command list.  For example, the output of all the commands in the list may "
"be redirected to a single stream."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1187
#, no-wrap
msgid "()"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1190
#, no-wrap
msgid "( @var{list} )\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1197
msgid ""
"Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell environment "
"to be created (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and each of the "
"commands in @var{list} to be executed in that subshell.  Since the "
"@var{list} is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in "
"effect after the subshell completes."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1198
#, no-wrap
msgid "@{@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1199
#, no-wrap
msgid "@{"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1200
#, no-wrap
msgid "@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1203
#, no-wrap
msgid "@{ @var{list}; @}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1208
msgid ""
"Placing a list of commands between curly braces causes the list to be "
"executed in the current shell context.  No subshell is created.  The "
"semicolon (or newline) following @var{list} is required."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1217
msgid ""
"In addition to the creation of a subshell, there is a subtle difference "
"between these two constructs due to historical reasons.  The braces are "
"@code{reserved words}, so they must be separated from the @var{list} by "
"@code{blank}s or other shell metacharacters.  The parentheses are "
"@code{operators}, and are recognized as separate tokens by the shell even if "
"they are not separated from the @var{list} by whitespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1220
msgid ""
"The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of "
"@var{list}."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1223
#, no-wrap
msgid "coprocess"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1230
msgid ""
"A @code{coprocess} is a shell command preceded by the @code{coproc} reserved "
"word.  A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the "
"command had been terminated with the @samp{&} control operator, with a "
"two-way pipe established between the executing shell and the coprocess."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1232
msgid "The format for a coprocess is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1234
#, no-wrap
msgid "coproc [@var{NAME}] @var{command} [@var{redirections}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1242
msgid ""
"This creates a coprocess named @var{NAME}.  If @var{NAME} is not supplied, "
"the default name is @var{COPROC}.  @var{NAME} must not be supplied if "
"@var{command} is a simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}); otherwise, it "
"is interpreted as the first word of the simple command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1258
msgid ""
"When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable "
"(@pxref{Arrays})  named @env{NAME} in the context of the executing shell.  "
"The standard output of @var{command} is connected via a pipe to a file "
"descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to "
"@env{NAME}[0].  The standard input of @var{command} is connected via a pipe "
"to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is "
"assigned to @env{NAME}[1].  This pipe is established before any redirections "
"specified by the command (@pxref{Redirections}).  The file descriptors can "
"be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard "
"word expansions.  Other than those created to execute command and process "
"substitutions, the file descriptors are not available in subshells."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1263
msgid ""
"The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as "
"the value of the variable @env{NAME}_PID.  The @code{wait} builtin command "
"may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1267
msgid ""
"Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the @code{coproc} "
"command always returns success.  The return status of a coprocess is the "
"exit status of @var{command}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1273
msgid ""
"There are ways to run commands in parallel that are not built into Bash.  "
"GNU Parallel is a tool to do just that."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1281
msgid ""
"GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run commands in "
"parallel.  You may run the same command with different arguments, whether "
"they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files.  GNU "
"Parallel provides shorthand references to many of the most common operations "
"(input lines, various portions of the input line, different ways to specify "
"the input source, and so on).  Parallel can replace @code{xargs} or feed "
"commands from its input sources to several different instances of Bash."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1284
msgid ""
"For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation.  A few "
"examples should provide a brief introduction to its use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1287
msgid ""
"For example, it is easy to replace @code{xargs} to gzip all html files in "
"the current directory and its subdirectories:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1289
#, no-wrap
msgid "find . -type f -name '*.html' -print | parallel gzip\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1293
msgid ""
"If you need to protect special characters such as newlines in file names, "
"use find's @option{-print0} option and parallel's @option{-0} option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1296
msgid ""
"You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when the "
"number of files is too large to process with one @code{mv} invocation:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1298
#, no-wrap
msgid "printf '%s\\n' * | parallel mv @{@} destdir\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1306
msgid ""
"As you can see, the @{@} is replaced with each line read from standard "
"input.  While using @code{ls} will work in most instances, it is not "
"sufficient to deal with all filenames. @code{printf} is a shell builtin, and "
"therefore is not subject to the kernel's limit on the number of arguments to "
"a program, so you can use @samp{*} (but see below about the @code{dotglob} "
"shell option).  If you need to accommodate special characters in filenames, "
"you can use"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1309
#, no-wrap
msgid "printf '%s\\0' * | parallel -0 mv @{@} destdir\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1313
msgid "as alluded to above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1317
msgid ""
"This will run as many @code{mv} commands as there are files in the current "
"directory.  You can emulate a parallel @code{xargs} by adding the "
"@option{-X} option:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1319
#, no-wrap
msgid "printf '%s\\0' * | parallel -0 -X mv @{@} destdir\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1323
msgid ""
"(You may have to modify the pattern if you have the @code{dotglob} option "
"enabled.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1326
msgid ""
"GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines read "
"from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line):"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1331
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\twhile IFS= read -r x; do\n"
"\t\tdo-something1 \"$x\" \"config-$x\"\n"
"\t\tdo-something2 < \"$x\"\n"
"\tdone < file | process-output\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1335
msgid "with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1338
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"cat list | parallel \"do-something1 @{@} config-@{@} ; do-something2 < "
"@{@}\" |\n"
"           process-output\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1342
msgid ""
"Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which "
"lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1344
#, no-wrap
msgid "ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 \"zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1352
msgid ""
"This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending in "
".gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.  (We use "
"@code{ls} for brevity here; using @code{find} as above is more robust in the "
"face of filenames containing unexpected characters.)  Parallel can take "
"arguments from the command line; the above can also be written as"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1355
#, no-wrap
msgid "parallel \"zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}\" ::: *.gz\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1359
msgid ""
"If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in "
"the output.  For instance, the following command"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1365
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"@{\n"
"    echo foss.org.my ;\n"
"    echo debian.org ;\n"
"    echo freenetproject.org ;\n"
"@} | parallel traceroute\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1369
msgid ""
"will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first.  "
"Adding the @option{-k} option"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1375
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"@{\n"
"    echo foss.org.my ;\n"
"    echo debian.org ;\n"
"    echo freenetproject.org ;\n"
"@} | parallel -k traceroute\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1378
msgid ""
"will ensure that the output of @code{traceroute foss.org.my} is displayed "
"first."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1385
msgid ""
"Finally, Parallel can be used to run a sequence of shell commands in "
"parallel, similar to @samp{cat file | bash}.  It is not uncommon to take a "
"list of filenames, create a series of shell commands to operate on them, and "
"feed that list of commands to a shell.  Parallel can speed this up.  "
"Assuming that @file{file} contains a list of shell commands, one per line,"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1388
#, no-wrap
msgid "parallel -j 10 < file\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1393
msgid ""
"will evaluate the commands using the shell (since no explicit command is "
"supplied as an argument), in blocks of ten shell jobs at a time."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1396
#, no-wrap
msgid "shell function"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1397
#, no-wrap
msgid "functions, shell"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1406
msgid ""
"Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution using a "
"single name for the group.  They are executed just like a \"regular\" "
"command.  When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command "
"name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed.  "
"Shell functions are executed in the current shell context; no new process is "
"created to interpret them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1408
msgid "Functions are declared using this syntax:"
msgstr ""

#. type: rwindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1408
#, no-wrap
msgid "function"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1411
#, no-wrap
msgid "@var{fname} () @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1414 ./bashref.texi:1912 ./bashref.texi:2402 ./bashref.texi:2465
msgid "or"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1417
#, no-wrap
msgid "function @var{fname} [()] @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1441
msgid ""
"This defines a shell function named @var{fname}.  The reserved word "
"@code{function} is optional.  If the @code{function} reserved word is "
"supplied, the parentheses are optional.  The @var{body} of the function is "
"the compound command @var{compound-command} (@pxref{Compound Commands}).  "
"That command is usually a @var{list} enclosed between @{ and @}, but may be "
"any compound command listed above, with one exception: If the "
"@code{function} reserved word is used, but the parentheses are not supplied, "
"the braces are required.  @var{compound-command} is executed whenever "
"@var{fname} is specified as the name of a command.  When the shell is in "
"@sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), @var{fname} must be a valid shell "
"@var{name} and may not be the same as one of the special builtins "
"(@pxref{Special Builtins}).  In default mode, a function name can be any "
"unquoted shell word that does not contain @samp{$}.  Any redirections "
"(@pxref{Redirections}) associated with the shell function are performed when "
"the function is executed.  A function definition may be deleted using the "
"@option{-f} option to the @code{unset} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell "
"Builtins})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1446
msgid ""
"The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error "
"occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.  When "
"executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the last "
"command executed in the body."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1455
msgid ""
"Note that for historical reasons, in the most common usage the curly braces "
"that surround the body of the function must be separated from the body by "
"@code{blank}s or newlines.  This is because the braces are reserved words "
"and are only recognized as such when they are separated from the command "
"list by whitespace or another shell metacharacter.  Also, when using the "
"braces, the @var{list} must be terminated by a semicolon, a @samp{&}, or a "
"newline."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1464
msgid ""
"When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the "
"positional parameters during its execution (@pxref{Positional Parameters}).  "
"The special parameter @samp{#} that expands to the number of positional "
"parameters is updated to reflect the change.  Special parameter @code{0} is "
"unchanged.  The first element of the @env{FUNCNAME} variable is set to the "
"name of the function while the function is executing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1478
msgid ""
"All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical between a "
"function and its caller with these exceptions: the @env{DEBUG} and "
"@env{RETURN} traps are not inherited unless the function has been given the "
"@code{trace} attribute using the @code{declare} builtin or the @code{-o "
"functrace} option has been enabled with the @code{set} builtin, (in which "
"case all functions inherit the @env{DEBUG} and @env{RETURN} traps), and the "
"@env{ERR} trap is not inherited unless the @code{-o errtrace} shell option "
"has been enabled.  @xref{Bourne Shell Builtins}, for the description of the "
"@code{trap} builtin."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1483
msgid ""
"The @env{FUNCNEST} variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, "
"defines a maximum function nesting level.  Function invocations that exceed "
"the limit cause the entire command to abort."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1497
msgid ""
"If the builtin command @code{return} is executed in a function, the function "
"completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function "
"call.  Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} trap is executed before "
"execution resumes.  When a function completes, the values of the positional "
"parameters and the special parameter @samp{#} are restored to the values "
"they had prior to the function's execution.  If a numeric argument is given "
"to @code{return}, that is the function's return status; otherwise the "
"function's return status is the exit status of the last command executed "
"before the @code{return}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1502
msgid ""
"Variables local to the function may be declared with the @code{local} "
"builtin.  These variables are visible only to the function and the commands "
"it invokes.  This is particularly important when a shell function calls "
"other functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1508
msgid ""
"Local variables \"shadow\" variables with the same name declared at previous "
"scopes.  For instance, a local variable declared in a function hides a "
"global variable of the same name: references and assignments refer to the "
"local variable, leaving the global variable unmodified.  When the function "
"returns, the global variable is once again visible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1520
msgid ""
"The shell uses @var{dynamic scoping} to control a variable's visibility "
"within functions.  With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their values "
"are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused execution to "
"reach the current function.  The value of a variable that a function sees "
"depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether that caller is the "
"\"global\" scope or another shell function.  This is also the value that a "
"local variable declaration \"shadows\", and the value that is restored when "
"the function returns."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1526
msgid ""
"For example, if a variable @var{var} is declared as local in function "
"@var{func1}, and @var{func1} calls another function @var{func2}, references "
"to @var{var} made from within @var{func2} will resolve to the local variable "
"@var{var} from @var{func1}, shadowing any global variable named @var{var}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1529
msgid ""
"The following script demonstrates this behavior.  When executed, the script "
"displays"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1532
#, no-wrap
msgid "In func2, var = func1 local\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1540
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"func1()\n"
"@{\n"
"    local var='func1 local'\n"
"    func2\n"
"@}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1545
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"func2()\n"
"@{\n"
"    echo \"In func2, var = $var\"\n"
"@}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1548
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"var=global\n"
"func1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1560
msgid ""
"The @code{unset} builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a "
"variable is local to the current scope, @code{unset} will unset it; "
"otherwise the unset will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as "
"described above.  If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will "
"remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns.  "
"Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope "
"will become visible.  If the unset acts on a variable at a previous scope, "
"any instance of a variable with that name that had been shadowed will become "
"visible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1572
msgid ""
"Function names and definitions may be listed with the @option{-f} option to "
"the @code{declare} (@code{typeset})  builtin command (@pxref{Bash "
"Builtins}).  The @option{-F} option to @code{declare} or @code{typeset} will "
"list the function names only (and optionally the source file and line "
"number, if the @code{extdebug} shell option is enabled).  Functions may be "
"exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with the "
"@option{-f} option to the @code{export} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell "
"Builtins})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1577
msgid ""
"Functions may be recursive.  The @code{FUNCNEST} variable may be used to "
"limit the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of "
"function invocations.  By default, no limit is placed on the number of "
"recursive calls."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1580
#, no-wrap
msgid "parameters"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1581
#, no-wrap
msgid "variable, shell"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1582
#, no-wrap
msgid "shell variable"
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1587 ./bashref.texi:1679 ./bashref.texi:1680
#, no-wrap
msgid "Positional Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1587
msgid "The shell's command-line arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1587 ./bashref.texi:1699 ./bashref.texi:1700
#, no-wrap
msgid "Special Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1587
msgid "Parameters denoted by special characters."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1596
msgid ""
"A @var{parameter} is an entity that stores values.  It can be a @code{name}, "
"a number, or one of the special characters listed below.  A @var{variable} "
"is a parameter denoted by a @code{name}.  A variable has a @var{value} and "
"zero or more @var{attributes}.  Attributes are assigned using the "
"@code{declare} builtin command (see the description of the @code{declare} "
"builtin in @ref{Bash Builtins})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1600
msgid ""
"A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value.  The null string is a "
"valid value.  Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using the "
"@code{unset} builtin command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1602
msgid "A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1604
#, no-wrap
msgid "@var{name}=[@var{value}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1624
msgid ""
"If @var{value} is not given, the variable is assigned the null string.  All "
"@var{value}s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, "
"command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (detailed "
"below).  If the variable has its @code{integer} attribute set, then "
"@var{value} is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the "
"@code{$((@dots{}))} expansion is not used (@pxref{Arithmetic Expansion}).  "
"Word splitting is not performed, with the exception of @code{\"$@@\"} as "
"explained below.  Filename expansion is not performed.  Assignment "
"statements may also appear as arguments to the @code{alias}, @code{declare}, "
"@code{typeset}, @code{export}, @code{readonly}, and @code{local} builtin "
"commands (@var{declaration} commands).  When in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash "
"POSIX Mode}), these builtins may appear in a command after one or more "
"instances of the @code{command} builtin and retain these assignment "
"statement properties."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1642
msgid ""
"In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell "
"variable or array index (@pxref{Arrays}), the @samp{+=} operator can be used "
"to append to or add to the variable's previous value.  This includes "
"arguments to builtin commands such as @code{declare} that accept assignment "
"statements (@var{declaration} commands).  When @samp{+=} is applied to a "
"variable for which the @var{integer} attribute has been set, @var{value} is "
"evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current "
"value, which is also evaluated.  When @samp{+=} is applied to an array "
"variable using compound assignment (@pxref{Arrays}), the variable's value is "
"not unset (as it is when using @samp{=}), and new values are appended to the "
"array beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed "
"arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.  "
"When applied to a string-valued variable, @var{value} is expanded and "
"appended to the variable's value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1657
msgid ""
"A variable can be assigned the @var{nameref} attribute using the @option{-n} "
"option to the @code{declare} or @code{local} builtin commands (@pxref{Bash "
"Builtins})  to create a @var{nameref}, or a reference to another variable.  "
"This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly.  Whenever the nameref "
"variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its attributes modified "
"(other than using or changing the nameref attribute itself), the operation "
"is actually performed on the variable specified by the nameref variable's "
"value.  A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a "
"variable whose name is passed as an argument to the function.  For instance, "
"if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first argument, "
"running"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1659
#, no-wrap
msgid "declare -n ref=$1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1666
msgid ""
"inside the function creates a nameref variable @var{ref} whose value is the "
"variable name passed as the first argument.  References and assignments to "
"@var{ref}, and changes to its attributes, are treated as references, "
"assignments, and attribute modifications to the variable whose name was "
"passed as @code{$1}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1678
msgid ""
"If the control variable in a @code{for} loop has the nameref attribute, the "
"list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a name reference will be "
"established for each word in the list, in turn, when the loop is executed.  "
"Array variables cannot be given the nameref attribute.  However, nameref "
"variables can reference array variables and subscripted array variables.  "
"Namerefs can be unset using the @option{-n} option to the @code{unset} "
"builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).  Otherwise, if @code{unset} is "
"executed with the name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable "
"referenced by the nameref variable will be unset."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1681
#, no-wrap
msgid "parameters, positional"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1695
msgid ""
"A @var{positional parameter} is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, "
"other than the single digit @code{0}.  Positional parameters are assigned "
"from the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using "
"the @code{set} builtin command.  Positional parameter @code{N} may be "
"referenced as @code{$@{N@}}, or as @code{$N} when @code{N} consists of a "
"single digit.  Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment "
"statements.  The @code{set} and @code{shift} builtins are used to set and "
"unset them (@pxref{Shell Builtin Commands}).  The positional parameters are "
"temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (@pxref{Shell "
"Functions})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1698
msgid ""
"When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is "
"expanded, it must be enclosed in braces."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1701
#, no-wrap
msgid "parameters, special"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1705
msgid ""
"The shell treats several parameters specially.  These parameters may only be "
"referenced; assignment to them is not allowed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1707 ./bashref.texi:5593 ./bashref.texi:5660 ./bashref.texi:8468
msgid "@vtable @code"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1708 ./bashref.texi:2610
#, no-wrap
msgid "*"
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1709
#, no-wrap
msgid "$*"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1724
msgid ""
"($*) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.  When the "
"expansion is not within double quotes, each positional parameter expands to "
"a separate word.  In contexts where it is performed, those words are subject "
"to further word splitting and filename expansion.  When the expansion occurs "
"within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the value of each "
"parameter separated by the first character of the @env{IFS} special "
"variable.  That is, @code{\"$*\"} is equivalent to "
"@code{\"$1@var{c}$2@var{c}@dots{}\"}, where @var{c} is the first character "
"of the value of the @code{IFS} variable.  If @env{IFS} is unset, the "
"parameters are separated by spaces.  If @env{IFS} is null, the parameters "
"are joined without intervening separators."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1725
#, no-wrap
msgid "@@"
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1726
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@@"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1746
msgid ""
"($@@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.  In contexts "
"where word splitting is performed, this expands each positional parameter to "
"a separate word; if not within double quotes, these words are subject to "
"word splitting.  In contexts where word splitting is not performed, this "
"expands to a single word with each positional parameter separated by a "
"space.  When the expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting "
"is performed, each parameter expands to a separate word.  That is, "
"@code{\"$@@\"} is equivalent to @code{\"$1\" \"$2\" @dots{}}.  If the "
"double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first "
"parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word, and the "
"expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of the original "
"word.  When there are no positional parameters, @code{\"$@@\"} and "
"@code{$@@} expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed)."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1747
#, no-wrap
msgid "#"
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1748
#, no-wrap
msgid "$#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1750
msgid "($#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1751 ./bashref.texi:2618
#, no-wrap
msgid "?"
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1752
#, no-wrap
msgid "$?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1755
msgid ""
"($?) Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground "
"pipeline."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1756 ./bashref.texi:5153
#, no-wrap
msgid "-"
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1757
#, no-wrap
msgid "$-"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1762
msgid ""
"($-, a hyphen.)  Expands to the current option flags as specified upon "
"invocation, by the @code{set} builtin command, or those set by the shell "
"itself (such as the @option{-i} option)."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1763
#, no-wrap
msgid "$"
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1764
#, no-wrap
msgid "$$"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1767
msgid ""
"($$) Expands to the process @sc{id} of the shell.  In a @code{()} subshell, "
"it expands to the process @sc{id} of the invoking shell, not the subshell."
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1769
#, no-wrap
msgid "$!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1773
msgid ""
"($!) Expands to the process @sc{id} of the job most recently placed into the "
"background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or using the "
"@code{bg} builtin (@pxref{Job Control Builtins})."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1774
#, no-wrap
msgid "0"
msgstr ""

#. type: vindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1775
#, no-wrap
msgid "$0"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1783
msgid ""
"($0) Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.  This is set at shell "
"initialization.  If Bash is invoked with a file of commands (@pxref{Shell "
"Scripts}), @code{$0} is set to the name of that file.  If Bash is started "
"with the @option{-c} option (@pxref{Invoking Bash}), then @code{$0} is set "
"to the first argument after the string to be executed, if one is present.  "
"Otherwise, it is set to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by "
"argument zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1787
#, no-wrap
msgid "expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1791
msgid ""
"Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into "
"@code{token}s.  There are seven kinds of expansion performed:"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1793 ./bashref.texi:1847
#, no-wrap
msgid "brace expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1794 ./bashref.texi:1918
#, no-wrap
msgid "tilde expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1795
#, no-wrap
msgid "parameter and variable expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1796 ./bashref.texi:2392
#, no-wrap
msgid "command substitution"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1797 ./bashref.texi:2432
#, no-wrap
msgid "arithmetic expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1798 ./bashref.texi:2490
#, no-wrap
msgid "word splitting"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1799 ./bashref.texi:2539
#, no-wrap
msgid "filename expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:1845 ./bashref.texi:1846
#, no-wrap
msgid "Brace Expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1815
msgid "Expansion of expressions within braces."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:1916 ./bashref.texi:1917
#, no-wrap
msgid "Tilde Expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1815
msgid "Expansion of the ~ character."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:1992 ./bashref.texi:1993
#, no-wrap
msgid "Shell Parameter Expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1815
msgid "How Bash expands variables to their values."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2390 ./bashref.texi:2391
#, no-wrap
msgid "Command Substitution"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1815
msgid "Using the output of a command as an argument."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2429 ./bashref.texi:2430
#, no-wrap
msgid "Arithmetic Expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1815
msgid "How to use arithmetic in shell expansions."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2453 ./bashref.texi:2454
#, no-wrap
msgid "Process Substitution"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1815
msgid "A way to write and read to and from a command."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2488 ./bashref.texi:2489
#, no-wrap
msgid "Word Splitting"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1815
msgid "How the results of expansion are split into separate arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2532 ./bashref.texi:2533
#, no-wrap
msgid "Filename Expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1815
msgid "A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:1815 ./bashref.texi:2696 ./bashref.texi:2697
#, no-wrap
msgid "Quote Removal"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:1815
msgid "How and when quote characters are removed from words."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1823
msgid ""
"The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter and "
"variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution (done in "
"a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and filename expansion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1829
msgid ""
"On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion available: "
"@var{process substitution}.  This is performed at the same time as tilde, "
"parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command substitution."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1833
msgid ""
"After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the "
"original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves "
"(@var{quote removal})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1841
msgid ""
"Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion can increase "
"the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word "
"to a single word.  The only exceptions to this are the expansions of "
"@code{\"$@@\"} and @code{$*} (@pxref{Special Parameters}), and "
"@code{\"$@{@var{name}[@@]@}\"} and @code{$@{@var{name}[*]@}} "
"(@pxref{Arrays})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1844
msgid ""
"After all expansions, @code{quote removal} (@pxref{Quote Removal})  is "
"performed."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1848
#, no-wrap
msgid "expansion, brace"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1861
msgid ""
"Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.  "
"This mechanism is similar to @var{filename expansion} (@pxref{Filename "
"Expansion}), but the filenames generated need not exist.  Patterns to be "
"brace expanded take the form of an optional @var{preamble}, followed by "
"either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression between "
"a pair of braces, followed by an optional @var{postscript}.  The preamble is "
"prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is "
"then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1866
msgid ""
"Brace expansions may be nested.  The results of each expanded string are not "
"sorted; left to right order is preserved.  For example,"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1869
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"bash$ echo a@{d,c,b@}e\n"
"ade ace abe\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1887
msgid ""
"A sequence expression takes the form "
"@code{@{@var{x}..@var{y}[..@var{incr}]@}}, where @var{x} and @var{y} are "
"either integers or single characters, and @var{incr}, an optional increment, "
"is an integer.  When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each "
"number between @var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive.  Supplied integers may be "
"prefixed with @samp{0} to force each term to have the same width.  When "
"either @var{x} or @var{y} begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force "
"all generated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where "
"necessary.  When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each "
"character lexicographically between @var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive, using "
"the default C locale.  Note that both @var{x} and @var{y} must be of the "
"same type.  When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference "
"between each term.  The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1893
msgid ""
"Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any characters "
"special to other expansions are preserved in the result.  It is strictly "
"textual.  Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of "
"the expansion or the text between the braces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1898
msgid ""
"A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing "
"braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence expression.  Any "
"incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1904
msgid ""
"A @{ or @samp{,} may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being "
"considered part of a brace expression.  To avoid conflicts with parameter "
"expansion, the string @samp{$@{} is not considered eligible for brace "
"expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing @samp{@}}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1908
msgid ""
"This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of the "
"strings to be generated is longer than in the above example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1910
#, no-wrap
msgid "mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/@{old,new,dist,bugs@}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:1914
#, no-wrap
msgid "chown root /usr/@{ucb/@{ex,edit@},lib/@{ex?.?*,how_ex@}@}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1919
#, no-wrap
msgid "expansion, tilde"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1933
msgid ""
"If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (@samp{~}), all of the "
"characters up to the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if there is no "
"unquoted slash) are considered a @var{tilde-prefix}.  If none of the "
"characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the "
"tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible @var{login "
"name}.  If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with "
"the value of the @env{HOME} shell variable.  If @env{HOME} is unset, the "
"home directory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead.  "
"Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated "
"with the specified login name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1938
msgid ""
"If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~+}, the value of the shell variable @env{PWD} "
"replaces the tilde-prefix.  If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~-}, the value of "
"the shell variable @env{OLDPWD}, if it is set, is substituted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1947
msgid ""
"If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a "
"number @var{N}, optionally prefixed by a @samp{+} or a @samp{-}, the "
"tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory "
"stack, as it would be displayed by the @code{dirs} builtin invoked with the "
"characters following tilde in the tilde-prefix as an argument (@pxref{The "
"Directory Stack}).  If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a "
"number without a leading @samp{+} or @samp{-}, @samp{+} is assumed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1950
msgid ""
"If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is left "
"unchanged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1957
msgid ""
"Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately "
"following a @samp{:} or the first @samp{=}.  In these cases, tilde expansion "
"is also performed.  Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in "
"assignments to @env{PATH}, @env{MAILPATH}, and @env{CDPATH}, and the shell "
"assigns the expanded value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1959
msgid "The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes:"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1961
#, no-wrap
msgid "~"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1963
msgid "The value of @code{$HOME}"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1963
#, no-wrap
msgid "~/foo"
msgstr ""

#. type: file{#1}
#: ./bashref.texi:1965
msgid "$HOME/foo"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1966
#, no-wrap
msgid "~fred/foo"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1969
msgid "The subdirectory @code{foo} of the home directory of the user @code{fred}"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1970
#, no-wrap
msgid "~+/foo"
msgstr ""

#. type: file{#1}
#: ./bashref.texi:1972
msgid "$PWD/foo"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1973
#, no-wrap
msgid "~-/foo"
msgstr ""

#. type: file{#1}
#: ./bashref.texi:1975
msgid "$@{OLDPWD-'~-'@}/foo"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1976
#, no-wrap
msgid "~@var{N}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1978 ./bashref.texi:1981
msgid "The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs +@var{N}}"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1979
#, no-wrap
msgid "~+@var{N}"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:1982
#, no-wrap
msgid "~-@var{N}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:1984
msgid "The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs -@var{N}}"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:1991
msgid ""
"Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of "
"variable assignments (@pxref{Shell Parameters})  when they appear as "
"arguments to simple commands.  Bash does not do this, except for the "
"@var{declaration} commands listed above, when in @sc{posix} mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1994
#, no-wrap
msgid "parameter expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:1995
#, no-wrap
msgid "expansion, parameter"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2003
msgid ""
"The @samp{$} character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, "
"or arithmetic expansion.  The parameter name or symbol to be expanded may be "
"enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the variable to "
"be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be "
"interpreted as part of the name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2008
msgid ""
"When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first @samp{@}} not "
"escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded "
"arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2017
msgid ""
"The basic form of parameter expansion is $@{@var{parameter}@}.  The value of "
"@var{parameter} is substituted.  The @var{parameter} is a shell parameter as "
"described above (@pxref{Shell Parameters}) or an array reference "
"(@pxref{Arrays}).  The braces are required when @var{parameter} is a "
"positional parameter with more than one digit, or when @var{parameter} is "
"followed by a character that is not to be interpreted as part of its name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2036
msgid ""
"If the first character of @var{parameter} is an exclamation point (!), and "
"@var{parameter} is not a @var{nameref}, it introduces a level of "
"indirection.  Bash uses the value formed by expanding the rest of "
"@var{parameter} as the new @var{parameter}; this is then expanded and that "
"value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather than the expansion of the "
"original @var{parameter}.  This is known as @code{indirect expansion}.  The "
"value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command "
"substitution, and arithmetic expansion.  If @var{parameter} is a nameref, "
"this expands to the name of the variable referenced by @var{parameter} "
"instead of performing the complete indirect expansion.  The exceptions to "
"this are the expansions of $@{!@var{prefix}*@} and $@{!@var{name}[@@]@} "
"described below.  The exclamation point must immediately follow the left "
"brace in order to introduce indirection."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2039
msgid ""
"In each of the cases below, @var{word} is subject to tilde expansion, "
"parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2046
msgid ""
"When not performing substring expansion, using the form described below "
"(e.g., @samp{:-}), Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.  "
"Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.  "
"Put another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both "
"@var{parameter}'s existence and that its value is not null; if the colon is "
"omitted, the operator tests only for existence."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2049
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:@minus{}@var{word}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2053
msgid ""
"If @var{parameter} is unset or null, the expansion of @var{word} is "
"substituted.  Otherwise, the value of @var{parameter} is substituted."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2054
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:=@var{word}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2061
msgid ""
"If @var{parameter} is unset or null, the expansion of @var{word} is assigned "
"to @var{parameter}.  The value of @var{parameter} is then substituted.  "
"Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this "
"way."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2062
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:?@var{word}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2069
msgid ""
"If @var{parameter} is null or unset, the expansion of @var{word} (or a "
"message to that effect if @var{word} is not present) is written to the "
"standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits.  Otherwise, "
"the value of @var{parameter} is substituted."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2070
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:+@var{word}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2074
msgid ""
"If @var{parameter} is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the "
"expansion of @var{word} is substituted."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2075
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemx
#: ./bashref.texi:2076
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}:@var{length}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2088
msgid ""
"This is referred to as Substring Expansion.  It expands to up to "
"@var{length} characters of the value of @var{parameter} starting at the "
"character specified by @var{offset}.  If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, an "
"indexed array subscripted by @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, or an associative array "
"name, the results differ as described below.  If @var{length} is omitted, it "
"expands to the substring of the value of @var{parameter} starting at the "
"character specified by @var{offset} and extending to the end of the value.  "
"@var{length} and @var{offset} are arithmetic expressions (@pxref{Shell "
"Arithmetic})."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2099
msgid ""
"If @var{offset} evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as "
"an offset in characters from the end of the value of @var{parameter}.  If "
"@var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an "
"offset in characters from the end of the value of @var{parameter} rather "
"than a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between "
"@var{offset} and that result.  Note that a negative offset must be separated "
"from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the "
"@samp{:-} expansion."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2102
msgid ""
"Here are some examples illustrating substring expansion on parameters and "
"subscripted arrays:"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2108
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ string=01234567890abcdefgh\n"
"$ echo ${string:7}\n"
"7890abcdefgh\n"
"$ echo ${string:7:0}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2116
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo ${string:7:2}\n"
"78\n"
"$ echo ${string:7:-2}\n"
"7890abcdef\n"
"$ echo ${string: -7}\n"
"bcdefgh\n"
"$ echo ${string: -7:0}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2125
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo ${string: -7:2}\n"
"bc\n"
"$ echo ${string: -7:-2}\n"
"bcdef\n"
"$ set -- 01234567890abcdefgh\n"
"$ echo ${1:7}\n"
"7890abcdefgh\n"
"$ echo ${1:7:0}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2133
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo ${1:7:2}\n"
"78\n"
"$ echo ${1:7:-2}\n"
"7890abcdef\n"
"$ echo ${1: -7}\n"
"bcdefgh\n"
"$ echo ${1: -7:0}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2142
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo ${1: -7:2}\n"
"bc\n"
"$ echo ${1: -7:-2}\n"
"bcdef\n"
"$ array[0]=01234567890abcdefgh\n"
"$ echo ${array[0]:7}\n"
"7890abcdefgh\n"
"$ echo ${array[0]:7:0}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2150
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo ${array[0]:7:2}\n"
"78\n"
"$ echo ${array[0]:7:-2}\n"
"7890abcdef\n"
"$ echo ${array[0]: -7}\n"
"bcdefgh\n"
"$ echo ${array[0]: -7:0}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2155
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo ${array[0]: -7:2}\n"
"bc\n"
"$ echo ${array[0]: -7:-2}\n"
"bcdef\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2163
msgid ""
"If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, the result is @var{length} positional "
"parameters beginning at @var{offset}.  A negative @var{offset} is taken "
"relative to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset "
"of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter.  It is an expansion error "
"if @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2166
msgid ""
"The following examples illustrate substring expansion using positional "
"parameters:"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2172
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ set -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
"$ echo ${@:7}\n"
"7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
"$ echo ${@:7:0}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2184
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ echo ${@:7:2}\n"
"7 8\n"
"$ echo ${@:7:-2}\n"
"bash: -2: substring expression < 0\n"
"$ echo ${@: -7:2}\n"
"b c\n"
"$ echo ${@:0}\n"
"./bash 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
"$ echo ${@:0:2}\n"
"./bash 1\n"
"$ echo ${@: -7:0}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2193
msgid ""
"If @var{parameter} is an indexed array name subscripted by @samp{@@} or "
"@samp{*}, the result is the @var{length} members of the array beginning with "
"@code{$@{@var{parameter}[@var{offset}]@}}.  A negative @var{offset} is taken "
"relative to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array.  It "
"is an expansion error if @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2196
msgid "These examples show how you can use substring expansion with indexed arrays:"
msgstr ""

#. type: verbatim
#: ./bashref.texi:2212
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ array=(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h)\n"
"$ echo ${array[@]:7}\n"
"7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
"$ echo ${array[@]:7:2}\n"
"7 8\n"
"$ echo ${array[@]: -7:2}\n"
"b c\n"
"$ echo ${array[@]: -7:-2}\n"
"bash: -2: substring expression < 0\n"
"$ echo ${array[@]:0}\n"
"0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h\n"
"$ echo ${array[@]:0:2}\n"
"0 1\n"
"$ echo ${array[@]: -7:0}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2217
msgid ""
"Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined "
"results."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2222
msgid ""
"Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, "
"in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.  If @var{offset} is 0, "
"and the positional parameters are used, @code{$0} is prefixed to the list."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2223
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{!@var{prefix}*@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemx
#: ./bashref.texi:2224
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{!@var{prefix}@@@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2229
msgid ""
"Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with @var{prefix}, "
"separated by the first character of the @env{IFS} special variable.  When "
"@samp{@@} is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each "
"variable name expands to a separate word."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2230
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{!@var{name}[@@]@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemx
#: ./bashref.texi:2231
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{!@var{name}[*]@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2238
msgid ""
"If @var{name} is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices "
"(keys) assigned in @var{name}.  If @var{name} is not an array, expands to 0 "
"if @var{name} is set and null otherwise.  When @samp{@@} is used and the "
"expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2239
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{#@var{parameter}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2251
msgid ""
"The length in characters of the expanded value of @var{parameter} is "
"substituted.  If @var{parameter} is @samp{*} or @samp{@@}, the value "
"substituted is the number of positional parameters.  If @var{parameter} is "
"an array name subscripted by @samp{*} or @samp{@@}, the value substituted is "
"the number of elements in the array.  If @var{parameter} is an indexed array "
"name subscripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as "
"relative to one greater than the maximum index of @var{parameter}, so "
"negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 "
"references the last element."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2252
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}#@var{word}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemx
#: ./bashref.texi:2253
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}##@var{word}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2268
msgid ""
"The @var{word} is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the "
"rules described below (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).  If the pattern matches "
"the beginning of the expanded value of @var{parameter}, then the result of "
"the expansion is the expanded value of @var{parameter} with the shortest "
"matching pattern (the @samp{#} case) or the longest matching pattern (the "
"@samp{##} case) deleted.  If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the "
"pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, "
"and the expansion is the resultant list.  If @var{parameter} is an array "
"variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the pattern removal "
"operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion "
"is the resultant list."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2269
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}%@var{word}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemx
#: ./bashref.texi:2270
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}%%@var{word}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2285
msgid ""
"The @var{word} is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the "
"rules described below (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).  If the pattern matches a "
"trailing portion of the expanded value of @var{parameter}, then the result "
"of the expansion is the value of @var{parameter} with the shortest matching "
"pattern (the @samp{%} case)  or the longest matching pattern (the @samp{%%} "
"case) deleted.  If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the pattern "
"removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the "
"expansion is the resultant list.  If @var{parameter} is an array variable "
"subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the pattern removal operation is "
"applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the "
"resultant list."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2286
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}/@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2313
msgid ""
"The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename "
"expansion.  @var{Parameter} is expanded and the longest match of "
"@var{pattern} against its value is replaced with @var{string}.  The match is "
"performed according to the rules described below (@pxref{Pattern "
"Matching}).  If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{/}, all matches of "
"@var{pattern} are replaced with @var{string}.  Normally only the first match "
"is replaced.  If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{#}, it must match at the "
"beginning of the expanded value of @var{parameter}.  If @var{pattern} begins "
"with @samp{%}, it must match at the end of the expanded value of "
"@var{parameter}.  If @var{string} is null, matches of @var{pattern} are "
"deleted and the @code{/} following @var{pattern} may be omitted.  If the "
"@code{nocasematch} shell option (see the description of @code{shopt} in "
"@ref{The Shopt Builtin})  is enabled, the match is performed without regard "
"to the case of alphabetic characters.  If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or "
"@samp{*}, the substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter "
"in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If @var{parameter} is an "
"array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the substitution "
"operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion "
"is the resultant list."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2314
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}^@var{pattern}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemx
#: ./bashref.texi:2315
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}^^@var{pattern}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemx
#: ./bashref.texi:2316
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter},@var{pattern}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemx
#: ./bashref.texi:2317
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter},,@var{pattern}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2339
msgid ""
"This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in "
"@var{parameter}.  The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as "
"in filename expansion.  Each character in the expanded value of "
"@var{parameter} is tested against @var{pattern}, and, if it matches the "
"pattern, its case is converted.  The pattern should not attempt to match "
"more than one character.  The @samp{^} operator converts lowercase letters "
"matching @var{pattern} to uppercase; the @samp{,} operator converts matching "
"uppercase letters to lowercase.  The @samp{^^} and @samp{,,} expansions "
"convert each matched character in the expanded value; the @samp{^} and "
"@samp{,} expansions match and convert only the first character in the "
"expanded value.  If @var{pattern} is omitted, it is treated like a @samp{?}, "
"which matches every character.  If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, "
"the case modification operation is applied to each positional parameter in "
"turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If @var{parameter} is an "
"array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the case modification "
"operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion "
"is the resultant list."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2340
#, no-wrap
msgid "$@{@var{parameter}@@@var{operator}@}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2344
msgid ""
"The expansion is either a transformation of the value of @var{parameter} or "
"information about @var{parameter} itself, depending on the value of "
"@var{operator}.  Each @var{operator} is a single letter:"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2346
#, no-wrap
msgid "U"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2349
msgid ""
"The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with "
"lowercase alphabetic characters converted to uppercase."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2349
#, no-wrap
msgid "u"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2352
msgid ""
"The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with the "
"first character converted to uppercase, if it is alphabetic."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2352
#, no-wrap
msgid "L"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2355
msgid ""
"The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with "
"uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lowercase."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2355
#, no-wrap
msgid "Q"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2358
msgid ""
"The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} quoted in a "
"format that can be reused as input."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2358
#, no-wrap
msgid "E"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2361
msgid ""
"The expansion is a string that is the value of @var{parameter} with "
"backslash escape sequences expanded as with the @code{$'@dots{}'} quoting "
"mechanism."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2361
#, no-wrap
msgid "P"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2364
msgid ""
"The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of "
"@var{parameter} as if it were a prompt string (@pxref{Controlling the "
"Prompt})."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2364
#, no-wrap
msgid "A"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2368
msgid ""
"The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or "
"@code{declare} command that, if evaluated, will recreate @var{parameter} "
"with its attributes and value."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2368
#, no-wrap
msgid "K"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2373
msgid ""
"Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of @var{parameter}, except "
"that it prints the values of indexed and associative arrays as a sequence of "
"quoted key-value pairs (@pxref{Arrays})."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2373
#, no-wrap
msgid "a"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2376
msgid ""
"The expansion is a string consisting of flag values representing "
"@var{parameter}'s attributes."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2385
msgid ""
"If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the operation is applied to "
"each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  "
"If @var{parameter} is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or "
"@samp{*}, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and "
"the expansion is the resultant list."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2388
msgid ""
"The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and filename "
"expansion as described below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2397
msgid ""
"Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace the command "
"itself.  Command substitution occurs when a command is enclosed as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2399
#, no-wrap
msgid "$(@var{command})\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2404
#, no-wrap
msgid "`@var{command}`\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2414
msgid ""
"Bash performs the expansion by executing @var{command} in a subshell "
"environment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output "
"of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted.  Embedded newlines are "
"not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting.  The command "
"substitution @code{$(cat @var{file})} can be replaced by the equivalent but "
"faster @code{$(< @var{file})}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2422
msgid ""
"When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash retains "
"its literal meaning except when followed by @samp{$}, @samp{`}, or "
"@samp{\\}.  The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the "
"command substitution.  When using the @code{$(@var{command})} form, all "
"characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated "
"specially."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2425
msgid ""
"Command substitutions may be nested.  To nest when using the backquoted "
"form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2428
msgid ""
"If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and "
"filename expansion are not performed on the results."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:2431
#, no-wrap
msgid "expansion, arithmetic"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2436
msgid ""
"Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression and "
"the substitution of the result.  The format for arithmetic expansion is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2439
#, no-wrap
msgid "$(( @var{expression} ))\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2447
msgid ""
"The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double "
"quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially.  All tokens in the "
"expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, "
"and quote removal.  The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be "
"evaluated.  Arithmetic expansions may be nested."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2452
msgid ""
"The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below "
"(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).  If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a "
"message indicating failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:2455
#, no-wrap
msgid "process substitution"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2460
msgid ""
"Process substitution allows a process's input or output to be referred to "
"using a filename.  It takes the form of"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2462
#, no-wrap
msgid "<(@var{list})\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2467
#, no-wrap
msgid ">(@var{list})\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2483
msgid ""
"The process @var{list} is run asynchronously, and its input or output "
"appears as a filename.  This filename is passed as an argument to the "
"current command as the result of the expansion.  If the @code{>(@var{list})} "
"form is used, writing to the file will provide input for @var{list}.  If the "
"@code{<(@var{list})} form is used, the file passed as an argument should be "
"read to obtain the output of @var{list}.  Note that no space may appear "
"between the @code{<} or @code{>} and the left parenthesis, otherwise the "
"construct would be interpreted as a redirection.  Process substitution is "
"supported on systems that support named pipes (@sc{fifo}s) or the "
"@file{/dev/fd} method of naming open files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2487
msgid ""
"When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with "
"parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic "
"expansion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2495
msgid ""
"The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution, "
"and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for word "
"splitting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2515
msgid ""
"The shell treats each character of @env{$IFS} as a delimiter, and splits the "
"results of the other expansions into words using these characters as field "
"terminators.  If @env{IFS} is unset, or its value is exactly "
"@code{<space><tab><newline>}, the default, then sequences of @code{ "
"<space>}, @code{<tab>}, and @code{<newline>} at the beginning and end of the "
"results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any sequence of "
"@env{IFS} characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words.  "
"If @env{IFS} has a value other than the default, then sequences of the "
"whitespace characters @code{space}, @code{tab}, and @code{newline} are "
"ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace "
"character is in the value of @env{IFS} (an @env{IFS} whitespace character).  "
"Any character in @env{IFS} that is not @env{IFS} whitespace, along with any "
"adjacent @env{IFS} whitespace characters, delimits a field.  A sequence of "
"@env{IFS} whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.  If the "
"value of @env{IFS} is null, no word splitting occurs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2528
msgid ""
"Explicit null arguments (@code{\"\"} or @code{''}) are retained and passed "
"to commands as empty strings.  Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting "
"from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed.  If a "
"parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument "
"results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string.  When a "
"quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is non-null, "
"the null argument is removed.  That is, the word @code{-d''} becomes "
"@code{-d} after word splitting and null argument removal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2531
msgid "Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsubsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2536 ./bashref.texi:2595 ./bashref.texi:2596
#, no-wrap
msgid "Pattern Matching"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:2536
msgid "How the shell matches patterns."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:2537
#, no-wrap
msgid "expansion, filename"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:2538
#, no-wrap
msgid "expansion, pathname"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:2540
#, no-wrap
msgid "pathname expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2558
msgid ""
"After word splitting, unless the @option{-f} option has been set (@pxref{The "
"Set Builtin}), Bash scans each word for the characters @samp{*}, @samp{?}, "
"and @samp{[}.  If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then "
"the word is regarded as a @var{pattern}, and replaced with an alphabetically "
"sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).  "
"If no matching filenames are found, and the shell option @code{nullglob} is "
"disabled, the word is left unchanged.  If the @code{nullglob} option is set, "
"and no matches are found, the word is removed.  If the @code{failglob} shell "
"option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the "
"command is not executed.  If the shell option @code{nocaseglob} is enabled, "
"the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2565
msgid ""
"When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character @samp{.} at the "
"start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be matched "
"explicitly, unless the shell option @code{dotglob} is set.  The filenames "
"@samp{.} and @samp{..} must always be matched explicitly, even if "
"@code{dotglob} is set.  In other cases, the @samp{.} character is not "
"treated specially."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2570
msgid ""
"When matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched "
"explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can "
"be matched by a special pattern character as described below (@pxref{Pattern "
"Matching})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2574
msgid ""
"See the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin}, for a "
"description of the @code{nocaseglob}, @code{nullglob}, @code{failglob}, and "
"@code{dotglob} options."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2594
msgid ""
"The @env{GLOBIGNORE} shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file "
"names matching a pattern.  If @env{GLOBIGNORE} is set, each matching file "
"name that also matches one of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE} is removed "
"from the list of matches.  If the @code{nocaseglob} option is set, the "
"matching against the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE} is performed without "
"regard to case.  The filenames @file{.} and @file{..} are always ignored "
"when @env{GLOBIGNORE} is set and not null.  However, setting "
"@env{GLOBIGNORE} to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the "
"@code{dotglob} shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a "
"@samp{.} will match.  To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames "
"beginning with a @samp{.}, make @samp{.*} one of the patterns in "
"@env{GLOBIGNORE}.  The @code{dotglob} option is disabled when "
"@env{GLOBIGNORE} is unset."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:2597
#, no-wrap
msgid "pattern matching"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:2598
#, no-wrap
msgid "matching, pattern"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2607
msgid ""
"Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern "
"characters described below, matches itself.  The @sc{nul} character may not "
"occur in a pattern.  A backslash escapes the following character; the "
"escaping backslash is discarded when matching.  The special pattern "
"characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2609
msgid "The special pattern characters have the following meanings:"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2618
msgid ""
"Matches any string, including the null string.  When the @code{globstar} "
"shell option is enabled, and @samp{*} is used in a filename expansion "
"context, two adjacent @samp{*}s used as a single pattern will match all "
"files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.  If followed by a "
"@samp{/}, two adjacent @samp{*}s will match only directories and "
"subdirectories."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2620
msgid "Matches any single character."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2620
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@dots{}]"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2634
msgid ""
"Matches any one of the enclosed characters.  A pair of characters separated "
"by a hyphen denotes a @var{range expression}; any character that falls "
"between those two characters, inclusive, using the current locale's "
"collating sequence and character set, is matched.  If the first character "
"following the @samp{[} is a @samp{!} or a @samp{^} then any character not "
"enclosed is matched.  A @samp{@minus{}} may be matched by including it as "
"the first or last character in the set.  A @samp{]} may be matched by "
"including it as the first character in the set.  The sorting order of "
"characters in range expressions is determined by the current locale and the "
"values of the @env{LC_COLLATE} and @env{LC_ALL} shell variables, if set."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2643
msgid ""
"For example, in the default C locale, @samp{[a-dx-z]} is equivalent to "
"@samp{[abcdxyz]}.  Many locales sort characters in dictionary order, and in "
"these locales @samp{[a-dx-z]} is typically not equivalent to "
"@samp{[abcdxyz]}; it might be equivalent to @samp{[aBbCcDdxXyYz]}, for "
"example.  To obtain the traditional interpretation of ranges in bracket "
"expressions, you can force the use of the C locale by setting the "
"@env{LC_COLLATE} or @env{LC_ALL} environment variable to the value @samp{C}, "
"or enable the @code{globasciiranges} shell option."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2648
msgid ""
"Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, @var{character classes} can be specified using "
"the syntax @code{[:}@var{class}@code{:]}, where @var{class} is one of the "
"following classes defined in the @sc{posix} standard:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2651
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"alnum   alpha   ascii   blank   cntrl   digit   graph   lower\n"
"print   punct   space   upper   word    xdigit\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2656
msgid ""
"A character class matches any character belonging to that class.  The "
"@code{word} character class matches letters, digits, and the character "
"@samp{_}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2661
msgid ""
"Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, an @var{equivalence class} can be specified "
"using the syntax @code{[=}@var{c}@code{=]}, which matches all characters "
"with the same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as the "
"character @var{c}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2664
msgid ""
"Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, the syntax @code{[.}@var{symbol}@code{.]} "
"matches the collating symbol @var{symbol}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2672
msgid ""
"If the @code{extglob} shell option is enabled using the @code{shopt} "
"builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized.  In the "
"following description, a @var{pattern-list} is a list of one or more "
"patterns separated by a @samp{|}.  Composite patterns may be formed using "
"one or more of the following sub-patterns:"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2674
#, no-wrap
msgid "?(@var{pattern-list})"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2676
msgid "Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2677
#, no-wrap
msgid "*(@var{pattern-list})"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2679
msgid "Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2680
#, no-wrap
msgid "+(@var{pattern-list})"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2682
msgid "Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2683
#, no-wrap
msgid "@@(@var{pattern-list})"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2685
msgid "Matches one of the given patterns."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2686
#, no-wrap
msgid "!(@var{pattern-list})"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2688
msgid "Matches anything except one of the given patterns."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2695
msgid ""
"Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, "
"especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings contain "
"multiple matches.  Using separate matches against shorter strings, or using "
"arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be faster."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2702
msgid ""
"After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters "
"@samp{\\}, @samp{'}, and @samp{\"} that did not result from one of the above "
"expansions are removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:2705
#, no-wrap
msgid "redirection"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2720
msgid ""
"Before a command is executed, its input and output may be @var{redirected} "
"using a special notation interpreted by the shell.  Redirection allows "
"commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to "
"different files, and can change the files the command reads from and writes "
"to.  Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the current "
"shell execution environment.  The following redirection operators may "
"precede or appear anywhere within a simple command or may follow a command.  "
"Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2731
msgid ""
"Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may "
"instead be preceded by a word of the form @{@var{varname}@}.  In this case, "
"for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a "
"file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to @{@var{varname}@}.  If >&- "
"or <&- is preceded by @{@var{varname}@}, the value of @var{varname} defines "
"the file descriptor to close.  If @{@var{varname}@} is supplied, the "
"redirection persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell "
"programmer to manage the file descriptor's lifetime manually."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2738
msgid ""
"In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and "
"the first character of the redirection operator is @samp{<}, the redirection "
"refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0).  If the first character of "
"the redirection operator is @samp{>}, the redirection refers to the standard "
"output (file descriptor 1)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2744
msgid ""
"The word following the redirection operator in the following descriptions, "
"unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde expansion, "
"parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, quote "
"removal, filename expansion, and word splitting.  If it expands to more than "
"one word, Bash reports an error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2747
msgid ""
"Note that the order of redirections is significant.  For example, the "
"command"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2749
#, no-wrap
msgid "ls > @var{dirlist} 2>&1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2753
msgid ""
"directs both standard output (file descriptor 1) and standard error (file "
"descriptor 2) to the file @var{dirlist}, while the command"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2755
#, no-wrap
msgid "ls 2>&1 > @var{dirlist}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2760
msgid ""
"directs only the standard output to file @var{dirlist}, because the standard "
"error was made a copy of the standard output before the standard output was "
"redirected to @var{dirlist}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2766
msgid ""
"Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirections, "
"as described in the following table.  If the operating system on which Bash "
"is running provides these special files, bash will use them; otherwise it "
"will emulate them internally with the behavior described below."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2768
#, no-wrap
msgid "/dev/fd/@var{fd}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2770
msgid "If @var{fd} is a valid integer, file descriptor @var{fd} is duplicated."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2771
#, no-wrap
msgid "/dev/stdin"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2773
msgid "File descriptor 0 is duplicated."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2774
#, no-wrap
msgid "/dev/stdout"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2776
msgid "File descriptor 1 is duplicated."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2777
#, no-wrap
msgid "/dev/stderr"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2779
msgid "File descriptor 2 is duplicated."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2780
#, no-wrap
msgid "/dev/tcp/@var{host}/@var{port}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2784
msgid ""
"If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port} is an "
"integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open the corresponding "
"TCP socket."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:2785
#, no-wrap
msgid "/dev/udp/@var{host}/@var{port}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:2789
msgid ""
"If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port} is an "
"integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open the corresponding "
"UDP socket."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2792
msgid "A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2796
msgid ""
"Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with care, "
"as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses internally."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2797
#, no-wrap
msgid "Redirecting Input"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2803
msgid ""
"Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expansion "
"of @var{word} to be opened for reading on file descriptor @code{n}, or the "
"standard input (file descriptor 0) if @code{n} is not specified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2805
msgid "The general format for redirecting input is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2807
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@var{n}]<@var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2809
#, no-wrap
msgid "Redirecting Output"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2816
msgid ""
"Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion "
"of @var{word} to be opened for writing on file descriptor @var{n}, or the "
"standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n} is not specified.  If the "
"file does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero "
"size."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2818
msgid "The general format for redirecting output is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2820
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@var{n}]>[|]@var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2829
msgid ""
"If the redirection operator is @samp{>}, and the @code{noclobber} option to "
"the @code{set} builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the "
"file whose name results from the expansion of @var{word} exists and is a "
"regular file.  If the redirection operator is @samp{>|}, or the redirection "
"operator is @samp{>} and the @code{noclobber} option is not enabled, the "
"redirection is attempted even if the file named by @var{word} exists."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2830
#, no-wrap
msgid "Appending Redirected Output"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2837
msgid ""
"Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name results "
"from the expansion of @var{word} to be opened for appending on file "
"descriptor @var{n}, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n} is "
"not specified.  If the file does not exist it is created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2839
msgid "The general format for appending output is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2841
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@var{n}]>>@var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2843
#, no-wrap
msgid "Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2849
msgid ""
"This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the "
"standard error output (file descriptor 2)  to be redirected to the file "
"whose name is the expansion of @var{word}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2852
msgid "There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2854
#, no-wrap
msgid "&>@var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2857
msgid "and"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2859
#, no-wrap
msgid ">&@var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2863
msgid ""
"Of the two forms, the first is preferred.  This is semantically equivalent "
"to"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2865
#, no-wrap
msgid ">@var{word} 2>&1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2869
msgid ""
"When using the second form, @var{word} may not expand to a number or "
"@samp{-}.  If it does, other redirection operators apply (see Duplicating "
"File Descriptors below) for compatibility reasons."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2870
#, no-wrap
msgid "Appending Standard Output and Standard Error"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2876
msgid ""
"This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the "
"standard error output (file descriptor 2)  to be appended to the file whose "
"name is the expansion of @var{word}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2878
msgid "The format for appending standard output and standard error is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2880
#, no-wrap
msgid "&>>@var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2883
msgid "This is semantically equivalent to"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2885
#, no-wrap
msgid ">>@var{word} 2>&1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2887
msgid "(see Duplicating File Descriptors below)."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2888
#, no-wrap
msgid "Here Documents"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2894
msgid ""
"This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current "
"source until a line containing only @var{word} (with no trailing blanks) is "
"seen.  All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard "
"input (or file descriptor @var{n} if @var{n} is specified) for a command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2896
msgid "The format of here-documents is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2900
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[@var{n}]<<[@minus{}]@var{word}\n"
"        @var{here-document}\n"
"@var{delimiter}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2913
msgid ""
"No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic "
"expansion, or filename expansion is performed on @var{word}.  If any part of "
"@var{word} is quoted, the @var{delimiter} is the result of quote removal on "
"@var{word}, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.  If "
"@var{word} is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to "
"parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the "
"character sequence @code{\\newline} is ignored, and @samp{\\} must be used "
"to quote the characters @samp{\\}, @samp{$}, and @samp{`}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2919
msgid ""
"If the redirection operator is @samp{<<-}, then all leading tab characters "
"are stripped from input lines and the line containing @var{delimiter}.  This "
"allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural "
"fashion."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2920
#, no-wrap
msgid "Here Strings"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2922
msgid "A variant of here documents, the format is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2924
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@var{n}]<<< @var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2934
msgid ""
"The @var{word} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, "
"command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal.  Filename "
"expansion and word splitting are not performed.  The result is supplied as a "
"single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its standard input "
"(or file descriptor @var{n} if @var{n} is specified)."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2935
#, no-wrap
msgid "Duplicating File Descriptors"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2937 ./bashref.texi:2968 ./bashref.texi:2986
msgid "The redirection operator"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2939
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@var{n}]<&@var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2950
msgid ""
"is used to duplicate input file descriptors.  If @var{word} expands to one "
"or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by @var{n} is made to be a copy "
"of that file descriptor.  If the digits in @var{word} do not specify a file "
"descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs.  If @var{word} "
"evaluates to @samp{-}, file descriptor @var{n} is closed.  If @var{n} is not "
"specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2952
msgid "The operator"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2954
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@var{n}]>&@var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2965
msgid ""
"is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors.  If @var{n} is not "
"specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.  If the digits "
"in @var{word} do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a "
"redirection error occurs.  If @var{word} evaluates to @samp{-}, file "
"descriptor @var{n} is closed.  As a special case, if @var{n} is omitted, and "
"@var{word} does not expand to one or more digits or @samp{-}, the standard "
"output and standard error are redirected as described previously."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2966
#, no-wrap
msgid "Moving File Descriptors"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2970
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@var{n}]<&@var{digit}-\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2975
msgid ""
"moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n}, or the "
"standard input (file descriptor 0) if @var{n} is not specified.  @var{digit} "
"is closed after being duplicated to @var{n}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2977
msgid "Similarly, the redirection operator"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2979
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@var{n}]>&@var{digit}-\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2983
msgid ""
"moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n}, or the "
"standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n} is not specified."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:2984
#, no-wrap
msgid "Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:2988
#, no-wrap
msgid "[@var{n}]<>@var{word}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:2994
msgid ""
"causes the file whose name is the expansion of @var{word} to be opened for "
"both reading and writing on file descriptor @var{n}, or on file descriptor 0 "
"if @var{n} is not specified.  If the file does not exist, it is created."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3012 ./bashref.texi:3013
#, no-wrap
msgid "Simple Command Expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3010
msgid "How Bash expands simple commands before executing them."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3058 ./bashref.texi:3059
#, no-wrap
msgid "Command Search and Execution"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3010
msgid "How Bash finds commands and runs them."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3115 ./bashref.texi:3116
#, no-wrap
msgid "Command Execution Environment"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3010
msgid "The environment in which Bash executes commands that are not shell builtins."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3211 ./bashref.texi:3212
#, no-wrap
msgid "Environment"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3010
msgid "The environment given to a command."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3249 ./bashref.texi:3250
#, no-wrap
msgid "Exit Status"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3010
msgid "The status returned by commands and how Bash interprets it."
msgstr ""

#. type: subsection
#: ./bashref.texi:3010 ./bashref.texi:3287 ./bashref.texi:3288
#, no-wrap
msgid "Signals"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3010
msgid "What happens when Bash or a command it runs receives a signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3014
#, no-wrap
msgid "command expansion"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3019
msgid ""
"When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following "
"expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the "
"following order."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3025
msgid ""
"The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those "
"preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3032
msgid ""
"The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are expanded "
"(@pxref{Shell Expansions}).  If any words remain after expansion, the first "
"word is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the "
"arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3035
msgid "Redirections are performed as described above (@pxref{Redirections})."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3040
msgid ""
"The text after the @samp{=} in each variable assignment undergoes tilde "
"expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, "
"and quote removal before being assigned to the variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3047
msgid ""
"If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current "
"shell environment.  Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment of "
"the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment.  If "
"any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable, an "
"error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3051
msgid ""
"If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not affect "
"the current shell environment.  A redirection error causes the command to "
"exit with a non-zero status."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3057
msgid ""
"If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as "
"described below.  Otherwise, the command exits.  If one of the expansions "
"contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is the exit "
"status of the last command substitution performed.  If there were no command "
"substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3060
#, no-wrap
msgid "command execution"
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3061
#, no-wrap
msgid "command search"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3066
msgid ""
"After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple command "
"and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3072
msgid ""
"If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate it.  "
"If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is invoked as "
"described in @ref{Shell Functions}."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3077
msgid ""
"If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for it in the list "
"of shell builtins.  If a match is found, that builtin is invoked."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3095
msgid ""
"If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no "
"slashes, Bash searches each element of @env{$PATH} for a directory "
"containing an executable file by that name.  Bash uses a hash table to "
"remember the full pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple @env{PATH} "
"searches (see the description of @code{hash} in @ref{Bourne Shell "
"Builtins}).  A full search of the directories in @env{$PATH} is performed "
"only if the command is not found in the hash table.  If the search is "
"unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named "
"@code{command_not_found_handle}.  If that function exists, it is invoked in "
"a separate execution environment with the original command and the original "
"command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit status becomes "
"the exit status of that subshell.  If that function is not defined, the "
"shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3102
msgid ""
"If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more "
"slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execution "
"environment.  Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining "
"arguments to the command are set to the arguments supplied, if any."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3108
msgid ""
"If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, and "
"the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a @var{shell script} and "
"the shell executes it as described in @ref{Shell Scripts}."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3112
msgid ""
"If the command was not begun asynchronously, the shell waits for the command "
"to complete and collects its exit status."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3117
#, no-wrap
msgid "execution environment"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3121
msgid ""
"The shell has an @var{execution environment}, which consists of the "
"following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3126
msgid ""
"open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections "
"supplied to the @code{exec} builtin"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3130
msgid ""
"the current working directory as set by @code{cd}, @code{pushd}, or "
"@code{popd}, or inherited by the shell at invocation"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3134
msgid ""
"the file creation mode mask as set by @code{umask} or inherited from the "
"shell's parent"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3137
msgid "current traps set by @code{trap}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3141
msgid ""
"shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with @code{set} or "
"inherited from the shell's parent in the environment"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3145
msgid ""
"shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's "
"parent in the environment"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3149
msgid ""
"options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line "
"arguments) or by @code{set}"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3152
msgid "options enabled by @code{shopt} (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin})"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3155
msgid "shell aliases defined with @code{alias} (@pxref{Aliases})"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3160
msgid ""
"various process @sc{id}s, including those of background jobs "
"(@pxref{Lists}), the value of @code{$$}, and the value of @env{$PPID}"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3168
msgid ""
"When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be "
"executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of "
"the following.  Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited from the "
"shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3173
msgid ""
"the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by "
"redirections to the command"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3176
msgid "the current working directory"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3179
msgid "the file creation mode mask"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3183
msgid ""
"shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables "
"exported for the command, passed in the environment (@pxref{Environment})"
msgstr ""

#. type: itemize
#: ./bashref.texi:3187
msgid ""
"traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's "
"parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3192
msgid ""
"A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's "
"execution environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3201
msgid ""
"Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchronous "
"commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate of the "
"shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the "
"values that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation.  Builtin "
"commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a "
"subshell environment.  Changes made to the subshell environment cannot "
"affect the shell's execution environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3205
msgid ""
"Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the "
"@option{-e} option from the parent shell.  When not in @sc{posix} mode, Bash "
"clears the @option{-e} option in such subshells."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3210
msgid ""
"If a command is followed by a @samp{&} and job control is not active, the "
"default standard input for the command is the empty file @file{/dev/null}.  "
"Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling "
"shell as modified by redirections."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3213
#, no-wrap
msgid "environment"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3218
msgid ""
"When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the "
"@var{environment}.  This is a list of name-value pairs, of the form "
"@code{name=value}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3234
msgid ""
"Bash provides several ways to manipulate the environment.  On invocation, "
"the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter for each name "
"found, automatically marking it for @var{export} to child processes.  "
"Executed commands inherit the environment.  The @code{export} and "
"@samp{declare -x} commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and "
"deleted from the environment.  If the value of a parameter in the "
"environment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, "
"replacing the old.  The environment inherited by any executed command "
"consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modified in "
"the shell, less any pairs removed by the @code{unset} and @samp{export -n} "
"commands, plus any additions via the @code{export} and @samp{declare -x} "
"commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3240
msgid ""
"The environment for any simple command or function may be augmented "
"temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described in "
"@ref{Shell Parameters}.  These assignment statements affect only the "
"environment seen by that command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3244
msgid ""
"If the @option{-k} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}), then all "
"parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just "
"those that precede the command name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3248
msgid ""
"When Bash invokes an external command, the variable @samp{$_} is set to the "
"full pathname of the command and passed to that command in its environment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3260
msgid ""
"The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the "
"@var{waitpid} system call or equivalent function.  Exit statuses fall "
"between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values "
"above 125 specially.  Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound "
"commands are also limited to this range.  Under certain circumstances, the "
"shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3269
msgid ""
"For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status has "
"succeeded.  A non-zero exit status indicates failure.  This seemingly "
"counter-intuitive scheme is used so there is one well-defined way to "
"indicate success and a variety of ways to indicate various failure modes.  "
"When a command terminates on a fatal signal whose number is @var{N}, Bash "
"uses the value 128+@var{N} as the exit status."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3273
msgid ""
"If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it returns a "
"status of 127.  If a command is found but is not executable, the return "
"status is 126."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3276
msgid ""
"If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the "
"exit status is greater than zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3280
msgid ""
"The exit status is used by the Bash conditional commands (@pxref{Conditional "
"Constructs}) and some of the list constructs (@pxref{Lists})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3286
msgid ""
"All of the Bash builtins return an exit status of zero if they succeed and a "
"non-zero status on failure, so they may be used by the conditional and list "
"constructs.  All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect "
"usage, generally invalid options or missing arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3289
#, no-wrap
msgid "signal handling"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3299
msgid ""
"When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores "
"@code{SIGTERM} (so that @samp{kill 0} does not kill an interactive shell), "
"and @code{SIGINT} is caught and handled (so that the @code{wait} builtin is "
"interruptible).  When Bash receives a @code{SIGINT}, it breaks out of any "
"executing loops.  In all cases, Bash ignores @code{SIGQUIT}.  If job control "
"is in effect (@pxref{Job Control}), Bash ignores @code{SIGTTIN}, "
"@code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3308
msgid ""
"Non-builtin commands started by Bash have signal handlers set to the values "
"inherited by the shell from its parent.  When job control is not in effect, "
"asynchronous commands ignore @code{SIGINT} and @code{SIGQUIT} in addition to "
"these inherited handlers.  Commands run as a result of command substitution "
"ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals @code{SIGTTIN}, "
"@code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3319
msgid ""
"The shell exits by default upon receipt of a @code{SIGHUP}.  Before exiting, "
"an interactive shell resends the @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs, running or "
"stopped.  Stopped jobs are sent @code{SIGCONT} to ensure that they receive "
"the @code{SIGHUP}.  To prevent the shell from sending the @code{SIGHUP} "
"signal to a particular job, it should be removed from the jobs table with "
"the @code{disown} builtin (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}) or marked to not "
"receive @code{SIGHUP} using @code{disown -h}."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3323
msgid ""
"If the @code{huponexit} shell option has been set with @code{shopt} "
"(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), Bash sends a @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs when an "
"interactive login shell exits."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3332
msgid ""
"If Bash is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which "
"a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the command "
"completes.  When Bash is waiting for an asynchronous command via the "
"@code{wait} builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set "
"will cause the @code{wait} builtin to return immediately with an exit status "
"greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed."
msgstr ""

#. type: cindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3335
#, no-wrap
msgid "shell script"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3345
msgid ""
"A shell script is a text file containing shell commands.  When such a file "
"is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash, and neither the "
"@option{-c} nor @option{-s} option is supplied (@pxref{Invoking Bash}), Bash "
"reads and executes commands from the file, then exits.  This mode of "
"operation creates a non-interactive shell.  The shell first searches for the "
"file in the current directory, and looks in the directories in @env{$PATH} "
"if not found there."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3352
msgid ""
"When Bash runs a shell script, it sets the special parameter @code{0} to the "
"name of the file, rather than the name of the shell, and the positional "
"parameters are set to the remaining arguments, if any are given.  If no "
"additional arguments are supplied, the positional parameters are unset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3357
msgid ""
"A shell script may be made executable by using the @code{chmod} command to "
"turn on the execute bit.  When Bash finds such a file while searching the "
"@env{$PATH} for a command, it spawns a subshell to execute it.  In other "
"words, executing"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3359
#, no-wrap
msgid "filename @var{arguments}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3362
msgid "is equivalent to executing"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3364
#, no-wrap
msgid "bash filename @var{arguments}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3373
msgid ""
"if @code{filename} is an executable shell script.  This subshell "
"reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been "
"invoked to interpret the script, with the exception that the locations of "
"commands remembered by the parent (see the description of @code{hash} in "
"@ref{Bourne Shell Builtins})  are retained by the child."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3381
msgid ""
"Most versions of Unix make this a part of the operating system's command "
"execution mechanism.  If the first line of a script begins with the two "
"characters @samp{#!}, the remainder of the line specifies an interpreter for "
"the program and, depending on the operating system, one or more optional "
"arguments for that interpreter.  Thus, you can specify Bash, @code{awk}, "
"Perl, or some other interpreter and write the rest of the script file in "
"that language."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3394
msgid ""
"The arguments to the interpreter consist of one or more optional arguments "
"following the interpreter name on the first line of the script file, "
"followed by the name of the script file, followed by the rest of the "
"arguments supplied to the script.  The details of how the interpreter line "
"is split into an interpreter name and a set of arguments vary across "
"systems.  Bash will perform this action on operating systems that do not "
"handle it themselves.  Note that some older versions of Unix limit the "
"interpreter name and a single argument to a maximum of 32 characters, so "
"it's not portable to assume that using more than one argument will work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3402
msgid ""
"Bash scripts often begin with @code{#! /bin/bash} (assuming that Bash has "
"been installed in @file{/bin}), since this ensures that Bash will be used to "
"interpret the script, even if it is executed under another shell. It's a "
"common idiom to use @code{env} to find @code{bash} even if it's been "
"installed in another directory: @code{#!/usr/bin/env bash} will find the "
"first occurrence of @code{bash} in @env{$PATH}."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:3414 ./bashref.texi:3449 ./bashref.texi:3450
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bourne Shell Builtins"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3414
msgid "Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne Shell."
msgstr ""

#. type: node
#: ./bashref.texi:3414 ./bashref.texi:4009
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bash Builtins"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3414
msgid "Table of builtins specific to Bash."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:3414 ./bashref.texi:4871 ./bashref.texi:4872
#, no-wrap
msgid "Modifying Shell Behavior"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3414
msgid "Builtins to modify shell attributes and optional behavior."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:3414 ./bashref.texi:5543 ./bashref.texi:5544
#, no-wrap
msgid "Special Builtins"
msgstr ""

#. type: menuentry
#: ./bashref.texi:3414
msgid "Builtin commands classified specially by POSIX."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3422
msgid ""
"Builtin commands are contained within the shell itself.  When the name of a "
"builtin command is used as the first word of a simple command (@pxref{Simple "
"Commands}), the shell executes the command directly, without invoking "
"another program.  Builtin commands are necessary to implement functionality "
"impossible or inconvenient to obtain with separate utilities."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3426
msgid ""
"This section briefly describes the builtins which Bash inherits from the "
"Bourne Shell, as well as the builtin commands which are unique to or have "
"been extended in Bash."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3433
msgid ""
"Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin commands "
"which provide the Bash interface to the job control facilities (@pxref{Job "
"Control Builtins}), the directory stack (@pxref{Directory Stack Builtins}), "
"the command history (@pxref{Bash History Builtins}), and the programmable "
"completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion Builtins})."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3435
msgid "Many of the builtins have been extended by @sc{posix} or Bash."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3448
msgid ""
"Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented as accepting options "
"preceded by @samp{-} accepts @samp{--} to signify the end of the options.  "
"The @code{:}, @code{true}, @code{false}, and @code{test}/@code{[} builtins "
"do not accept options and do not treat @samp{--} specially.  The "
"@code{exit}, @code{logout}, @code{return}, @code{break}, @code{continue}, "
"@code{let}, and @code{shift} builtins accept and process arguments beginning "
"with @samp{-} without requiring @samp{--}.  Other builtins that accept "
"arguments but are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments "
"beginning with @samp{-} as invalid options and require @samp{--} to prevent "
"this interpretation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:3454
msgid ""
"The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell.  "
"These commands are implemented as specified by the @sc{posix} standard."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3456
#, no-wrap
msgid ":    @r{(a colon)}"
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3457
#, no-wrap
msgid ":"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3460
#, no-wrap
msgid ": [@var{arguments}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3464
msgid ""
"Do nothing beyond expanding @var{arguments} and performing redirections.  "
"The return status is zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3465
#, no-wrap
msgid ".    @r{(a period)}"
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3466
#, no-wrap
msgid "."
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3469
#, no-wrap
msgid ". @var{filename} [@var{arguments}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3489
msgid ""
"Read and execute commands from the @var{filename} argument in the current "
"shell context.  If @var{filename} does not contain a slash, the @env{PATH} "
"variable is used to find @var{filename}.  When Bash is not in @sc{posix} "
"mode, the current directory is searched if @var{filename} is not found in "
"@env{$PATH}.  If any @var{arguments} are supplied, they become the "
"positional parameters when @var{filename} is executed.  Otherwise the "
"positional parameters are unchanged.  If the @option{-T} option is enabled, "
"@code{source} inherits any trap on @code{DEBUG}; if it is not, any "
"@code{DEBUG} trap string is saved and restored around the call to "
"@code{source}, and @code{source} unsets the @code{DEBUG} trap while it "
"executes.  If @option{-T} is not set, and the sourced file changes the "
"@code{DEBUG} trap, the new value is retained when @code{source} completes.  "
"The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero "
"if no commands are executed.  If @var{filename} is not found, or cannot be "
"read, the return status is non-zero.  This builtin is equivalent to "
"@code{source}."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3490 ./bashref.texi:3491
#, no-wrap
msgid "break"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3494
#, no-wrap
msgid "break [@var{n}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3500
msgid ""
"Exit from a @code{for}, @code{while}, @code{until}, or @code{select} loop.  "
"If @var{n} is supplied, the @var{n}th enclosing loop is exited.  @var{n} "
"must be greater than or equal to 1.  The return status is zero unless "
"@var{n} is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3501 ./bashref.texi:3502
#, no-wrap
msgid "cd"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3505
#, no-wrap
msgid "cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@@] [@var{directory}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3517
msgid ""
"Change the current working directory to @var{directory}.  If @var{directory} "
"is not supplied, the value of the @env{HOME} shell variable is used.  Any "
"additional arguments following @var{directory} are ignored.  If the shell "
"variable @env{CDPATH} exists, it is used as a search path: each directory "
"name in @env{CDPATH} is searched for @var{directory}, with alternative "
"directory names in @env{CDPATH} separated by a colon (@samp{:}).  If "
"@var{directory} begins with a slash, @env{CDPATH} is not used."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3521
msgid ""
"The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links "
"are resolved while @code{cd} is traversing @var{directory} and before "
"processing an instance of @samp{..} in @var{directory}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3525
msgid ""
"By default, or when the @option{-L} option is supplied, symbolic links in "
"@var{directory} are resolved after @code{cd} processes an instance of "
"@samp{..} in @var{directory}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3529
msgid ""
"If @samp{..} appears in @var{directory}, it is processed by removing the "
"immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the beginning "
"of @var{directory}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3534
msgid ""
"If the @option{-e} option is supplied with @option{-P} and the current "
"working directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful "
"directory change, @code{cd} will return an unsuccessful status."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3537
msgid ""
"On systems that support it, the @option{-@@} option presents the extended "
"attributes associated with a file as a directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3540
msgid ""
"If @var{directory} is @samp{-}, it is converted to @env{$OLDPWD} before the "
"directory change is attempted."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3545
msgid ""
"If a non-empty directory name from @env{CDPATH} is used, or if @samp{-} is "
"the first argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute "
"pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard output."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3548
msgid ""
"The return status is zero if the directory is successfully changed, non-zero "
"otherwise."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3549 ./bashref.texi:3550
#, no-wrap
msgid "continue"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3553
#, no-wrap
msgid "continue [@var{n}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3561
msgid ""
"Resume the next iteration of an enclosing @code{for}, @code{while}, "
"@code{until}, or @code{select} loop.  If @var{n} is supplied, the execution "
"of the @var{n}th enclosing loop is resumed.  @var{n} must be greater than or "
"equal to 1.  The return status is zero unless @var{n} is not greater than or "
"equal to 1."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3562 ./bashref.texi:3563
#, no-wrap
msgid "eval"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3566
#, no-wrap
msgid "eval [@var{arguments}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3573
msgid ""
"The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is then "
"read and executed, and its exit status returned as the exit status of "
"@code{eval}.  If there are no arguments or only empty arguments, the return "
"status is zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3574 ./bashref.texi:3575
#, no-wrap
msgid "exec"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3578
#, no-wrap
msgid "exec [-cl] [-a @var{name}] [@var{command} [@var{arguments}]]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3598
msgid ""
"If @var{command} is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a new "
"process.  If the @option{-l} option is supplied, the shell places a dash at "
"the beginning of the zeroth argument passed to @var{command}.  This is what "
"the @code{login} program does.  The @option{-c} option causes @var{command} "
"to be executed with an empty environment.  If @option{-a} is supplied, the "
"shell passes @var{name} as the zeroth argument to @var{command}.  If "
"@var{command} cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell "
"exits, unless the @code{execfail} shell option is enabled.  In that case, it "
"returns failure.  An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be "
"executed.  A subshell exits unconditionally if @code{exec} fails.  If no "
"@var{command} is specified, redirections may be used to affect the current "
"shell environment.  If there are no redirection errors, the return status is "
"zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3599 ./bashref.texi:3600
#, no-wrap
msgid "exit"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3603
#, no-wrap
msgid "exit [@var{n}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3608
msgid ""
"Exit the shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's parent.  If "
"@var{n} is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.  "
"Any trap on @code{EXIT} is executed before the shell terminates."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3609 ./bashref.texi:3610
#, no-wrap
msgid "export"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3613
#, no-wrap
msgid "export [-fn] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3624
msgid ""
"Mark each @var{name} to be passed to child processes in the environment.  If "
"the @option{-f} option is supplied, the @var{name}s refer to shell "
"functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables.  The @option{-n} "
"option means to no longer mark each @var{name} for export.  If no "
"@var{names} are supplied, or if the @option{-p} option is given, a list of "
"names of all exported variables is displayed.  The @option{-p} option "
"displays output in a form that may be reused as input.  If a variable name "
"is followed by =@var{value}, the value of the variable is set to "
"@var{value}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3628
msgid ""
"The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of the "
"names is not a valid shell variable name, or @option{-f} is supplied with a "
"name that is not a shell function."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3629 ./bashref.texi:3630
#, no-wrap
msgid "getopts"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3633
#, no-wrap
msgid "getopts @var{optstring} @var{name} [@var{arg} @dots{}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3653
msgid ""
"@code{getopts} is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.  "
"@var{optstring} contains the option characters to be recognized; if a "
"character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an "
"argument, which should be separated from it by whitespace.  The colon "
"(@samp{:}) and question mark (@samp{?}) may not be used as option "
"characters.  Each time it is invoked, @code{getopts} places the next option "
"in the shell variable @var{name}, initializing @var{name} if it does not "
"exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable "
"@env{OPTIND}.  @env{OPTIND} is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a "
"shell script is invoked.  When an option requires an argument, "
"@code{getopts} places that argument into the variable @env{OPTARG}.  The "
"shell does not reset @env{OPTIND} automatically; it must be manually reset "
"between multiple calls to @code{getopts} within the same shell invocation if "
"a new set of parameters is to be used."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3658
msgid ""
"When the end of options is encountered, @code{getopts} exits with a return "
"value greater than zero.  @env{OPTIND} is set to the index of the first "
"non-option argument, and @var{name} is set to @samp{?}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3662
msgid ""
"@code{getopts} normally parses the positional parameters, but if more "
"arguments are supplied as @var{arg} values, @code{getopts} parses those "
"instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3671
msgid ""
"@code{getopts} can report errors in two ways.  If the first character of "
"@var{optstring} is a colon, @var{silent} error reporting is used.  In normal "
"operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid options or missing "
"option arguments are encountered.  If the variable @env{OPTERR} is set to 0, "
"no error messages will be displayed, even if the first character of "
"@code{optstring} is not a colon."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3677
msgid ""
"If an invalid option is seen, @code{getopts} places @samp{?} into @var{name} "
"and, if not silent, prints an error message and unsets @env{OPTARG}.  If "
"@code{getopts} is silent, the option character found is placed in "
"@env{OPTARG} and no diagnostic message is printed."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3683
msgid ""
"If a required argument is not found, and @code{getopts} is not silent, a "
"question mark (@samp{?}) is placed in @var{name}, @code{OPTARG} is unset, "
"and a diagnostic message is printed.  If @code{getopts} is silent, then a "
"colon (@samp{:}) is placed in @var{name} and @env{OPTARG} is set to the "
"option character found."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3684 ./bashref.texi:3685
#, no-wrap
msgid "hash"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3688
#, no-wrap
msgid "hash [-r] [-p @var{filename}] [-dt] [@var{name}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3711
msgid ""
"Each time @code{hash} is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the "
"commands specified as @var{name} arguments, so they need not be searched for "
"on subsequent invocations.  The commands are found by searching through the "
"directories listed in @env{$PATH}.  Any previously-remembered pathname is "
"discarded.  The @option{-p} option inhibits the path search, and "
"@var{filename} is used as the location of @var{name}.  The @option{-r} "
"option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations.  The @option{-d} "
"option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each "
"@var{name}.  If the @option{-t} option is supplied, the full pathname to "
"which each @var{name} corresponds is printed.  If multiple @var{name} "
"arguments are supplied with @option{-t}, the @var{name} is printed before "
"the hashed full pathname.  The @option{-l} option causes output to be "
"displayed in a format that may be reused as input.  If no arguments are "
"given, or if only @option{-l} is supplied, information about remembered "
"commands is printed.  The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not "
"found or an invalid option is supplied."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3712 ./bashref.texi:3713
#, no-wrap
msgid "pwd"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3716
#, no-wrap
msgid "pwd [-LP]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3726
msgid ""
"Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.  If the "
"@option{-P} option is supplied, the pathname printed will not contain "
"symbolic links.  If the @option{-L} option is supplied, the pathname printed "
"may contain symbolic links.  The return status is zero unless an error is "
"encountered while determining the name of the current directory or an "
"invalid option is supplied."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3727 ./bashref.texi:3728
#, no-wrap
msgid "readonly"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3731
#, no-wrap
msgid "readonly [-aAf] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3752
msgid ""
"Mark each @var{name} as readonly.  The values of these names may not be "
"changed by subsequent assignment.  If the @option{-f} option is supplied, "
"each @var{name} refers to a shell function.  The @option{-a} option means "
"each @var{name} refers to an indexed array variable; the @option{-A} option "
"means each @var{name} refers to an associative array variable.  If both "
"options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence.  If no @var{name} "
"arguments are given, or if the @option{-p} option is supplied, a list of all "
"readonly names is printed.  The other options may be used to restrict the "
"output to a subset of the set of readonly names.  The @option{-p} option "
"causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.  If a "
"variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of the variable is set "
"to @var{value}.  The return status is zero unless an invalid option is "
"supplied, one of the @var{name} arguments is not a valid shell variable or "
"function name, or the @option{-f} option is supplied with a name that is not "
"a shell function."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3753 ./bashref.texi:3754
#, no-wrap
msgid "return"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3757
#, no-wrap
msgid "return [@var{n}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3780
msgid ""
"Cause a shell function to stop executing and return the value @var{n} to its "
"caller.  If @var{n} is not supplied, the return value is the exit status of "
"the last command executed in the function.  If @code{return} is executed by "
"a trap handler, the last command used to determine the status is the last "
"command executed before the trap handler.  If @code{return} is executed "
"during a @code{DEBUG} trap, the last command used to determine the status is "
"the last command executed by the trap handler before @code{return} was "
"invoked.  @code{return} may also be used to terminate execution of a script "
"being executed with the @code{.} (@code{source}) builtin, returning either "
"@var{n} or the exit status of the last command executed within the script as "
"the exit status of the script.  If @var{n} is supplied, the return value is "
"its least significant 8 bits.  Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} "
"trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or script.  The "
"return status is non-zero if @code{return} is supplied a non-numeric "
"argument or is used outside a function and not during the execution of a "
"script by @code{.} or @code{source}."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3781 ./bashref.texi:3782
#, no-wrap
msgid "shift"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3785
#, no-wrap
msgid "shift [@var{n}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3798
msgid ""
"Shift the positional parameters to the left by @var{n}.  The positional "
"parameters from @var{n}+1 @dots{} @code{$#} are renamed to @code{$1} @dots{} "
"@code{$#}-@var{n}.  Parameters represented by the numbers @code{$#} down to "
"@code{$#}-@var{n}+1 are unset.  @var{n} must be a non-negative number less "
"than or equal to @code{$#}.  If @var{n} is zero or greater than @code{$#}, "
"the positional parameters are not changed.  If @var{n} is not supplied, it "
"is assumed to be 1.  The return status is zero unless @var{n} is greater "
"than @code{$#} or less than zero, non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3799 ./bashref.texi:3801
#, no-wrap
msgid "test"
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3800 ./bashref.texi:3802
#, no-wrap
msgid "["
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3805
#, no-wrap
msgid "test @var{expr}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3814
msgid ""
"Evaluate a conditional expression @var{expr} and return a status of 0 (true) "
"or 1 (false).  Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.  "
"Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in @ref{Bash "
"Conditional Expressions}.  @code{test} does not accept any options, nor does "
"it accept and ignore an argument of @option{--} as signifying the end of "
"options."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3817
msgid ""
"When the @code{[} form is used, the last argument to the command must be a "
"@code{]}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3822
msgid ""
"Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in "
"decreasing order of precedence.  The evaluation depends on the number of "
"arguments; see below.  Operator precedence is used when there are five or "
"more arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3824
#, no-wrap
msgid "! @var{expr}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3826
msgid "True if @var{expr} is false."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3827
#, no-wrap
msgid "( @var{expr} )"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3830
msgid ""
"Returns the value of @var{expr}.  This may be used to override the normal "
"precedence of operators."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3831
#, no-wrap
msgid "@var{expr1} -a @var{expr2}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3833
msgid "True if both @var{expr1} and @var{expr2} are true."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3834
#, no-wrap
msgid "@var{expr1} -o @var{expr2}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3836
msgid "True if either @var{expr1} or @var{expr2} is true."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3840
msgid ""
"The @code{test} and @code{[} builtins evaluate conditional expressions using "
"a set of rules based on the number of arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3842
#, no-wrap
msgid "0 arguments"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3844
msgid "The expression is false."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3845
#, no-wrap
msgid "1 argument"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3847
msgid "The expression is true if, and only if, the argument is not null."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3848
#, no-wrap
msgid "2 arguments"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3856
msgid ""
"If the first argument is @samp{!}, the expression is true if and only if the "
"second argument is null.  If the first argument is one of the unary "
"conditional operators (@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the expression "
"is true if the unary test is true.  If the first argument is not a valid "
"unary operator, the expression is false."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3857
#, no-wrap
msgid "3 arguments"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3859
msgid "The following conditions are applied in the order listed."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3868
msgid ""
"If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators "
"(@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the result of the expression is the "
"result of the binary test using the first and third arguments as operands.  "
"The @samp{-a} and @samp{-o} operators are considered binary operators when "
"there are three arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3871
msgid ""
"If the first argument is @samp{!}, the value is the negation of the "
"two-argument test using the second and third arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3875
msgid ""
"If the first argument is exactly @samp{(} and the third argument is exactly "
"@samp{)}, the result is the one-argument test of the second argument."
msgstr ""

#. type: enumerate
#: ./bashref.texi:3877
msgid "Otherwise, the expression is false."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3879
#, no-wrap
msgid "4 arguments"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3884
msgid ""
"If the first argument is @samp{!}, the result is the negation of the "
"three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments.  Otherwise, "
"the expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the "
"rules listed above."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:3885
#, no-wrap
msgid "5 or more arguments"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3888
msgid ""
"The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the "
"rules listed above."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3892
msgid ""
"When used with @code{test} or @samp{[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators "
"sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3893 ./bashref.texi:3894
#, no-wrap
msgid "times"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3897
#, no-wrap
msgid "times\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3901
msgid ""
"Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children.  The "
"return status is zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3902 ./bashref.texi:3903
#, no-wrap
msgid "trap"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3906
#, no-wrap
msgid "trap [-lp] [@var{arg}] [@var{sigspec} @dots{}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3925
msgid ""
"The commands in @var{arg} are to be read and executed when the shell "
"receives signal @var{sigspec}.  If @var{arg} is absent (and there is a "
"single @var{sigspec}) or equal to @samp{-}, each specified signal's "
"disposition is reset to the value it had when the shell was started.  If "
"@var{arg} is the null string, then the signal specified by each "
"@var{sigspec} is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.  If @var{arg} "
"is not present and @option{-p} has been supplied, the shell displays the "
"trap commands associated with each @var{sigspec}.  If no arguments are "
"supplied, or only @option{-p} is given, @code{trap} prints the list of "
"commands associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as "
"shell input.  The @option{-l} option causes the shell to print a list of "
"signal names and their corresponding numbers.  Each @var{sigspec} is either "
"a signal name or a signal number.  Signal names are case insensitive and the "
"@code{SIG} prefix is optional."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3938
msgid ""
"If a @var{sigspec} is @code{0} or @code{EXIT}, @var{arg} is executed when "
"the shell exits.  If a @var{sigspec} is @code{DEBUG}, the command @var{arg} "
"is executed before every simple command, @code{for} command, @code{case} "
"command, @code{select} command, every arithmetic @code{for} command, and "
"before the first command executes in a shell function.  Refer to the "
"description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt} builtin "
"(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}) for details of its effect on the @code{DEBUG} "
"trap.  If a @var{sigspec} is @code{RETURN}, the command @var{arg} is "
"executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the @code{.} "
"or @code{source} builtins finishes executing."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3955
msgid ""
"If a @var{sigspec} is @code{ERR}, the command @var{arg} is executed whenever "
"a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a "
"compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the following "
"conditions.  The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is "
"part of the command list immediately following an @code{until} or "
"@code{while} keyword, part of the test following the @code{if} or "
"@code{elif} reserved words, part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or "
"@code{||} list except the command following the final @code{&&} or "
"@code{||}, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's "
"return status is being inverted using @code{!}.  These are the same "
"conditions obeyed by the @code{errexit} (@option{-e})  option."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3959
msgid ""
"Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.  Trapped "
"signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a "
"subshell or subshell environment when one is created."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3962
msgid ""
"The return status is zero unless a @var{sigspec} does not specify a valid "
"signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3963 ./bashref.texi:3964
#, no-wrap
msgid "umask"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3967
#, no-wrap
msgid "umask [-p] [-S] [@var{mode}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3980
msgid ""
"Set the shell process's file creation mask to @var{mode}.  If @var{mode} "
"begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; if not, it is "
"interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by the "
"@code{chmod} command.  If @var{mode} is omitted, the current value of the "
"mask is printed.  If the @option{-S} option is supplied without a @var{mode} "
"argument, the mask is printed in a symbolic format.  If the @option{-p} "
"option is supplied, and @var{mode} is omitted, the output is in a form that "
"may be reused as input.  The return status is zero if the mode is "
"successfully changed or if no @var{mode} argument is supplied, and non-zero "
"otherwise."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:3984
msgid ""
"Note that when the mode is interpreted as an octal number, each number of "
"the umask is subtracted from @code{7}.  Thus, a umask of @code{022} results "
"in permissions of @code{755}."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:3985 ./bashref.texi:3986
#, no-wrap
msgid "unset"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:3989
#, no-wrap
msgid "unset [-fnv] [@var{name}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4007
msgid ""
"Remove each variable or function @var{name}.  If the @option{-v} option is "
"given, each @var{name} refers to a shell variable and that variable is "
"removed.  If the @option{-f} option is given, the @var{name}s refer to shell "
"functions, and the function definition is removed.  If the @option{-n} "
"option is supplied, and @var{name} is a variable with the @var{nameref} "
"attribute, @var{name} will be unset rather than the variable it references.  "
"@option{-n} has no effect if the @option{-f} option is supplied.  If no "
"options are supplied, each @var{name} refers to a variable; if there is no "
"variable by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.  "
"Readonly variables and functions may not be unset.  Some shell variables "
"lose their special behavior if they are unset; such behavior is noted in the "
"description of the individual variables.  The return status is zero unless a "
"@var{name} is readonly."
msgstr ""

#. type: section
#: ./bashref.texi:4010
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bash Builtin Commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: ./bashref.texi:4015
msgid ""
"This section describes builtin commands which are unique to or have been "
"extended in Bash.  Some of these commands are specified in the @sc{posix} "
"standard."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:4018 ./bashref.texi:4019
#, no-wrap
msgid "alias"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:4022
#, no-wrap
msgid "alias [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4031
msgid ""
"Without arguments or with the @option{-p} option, @code{alias} prints the "
"list of aliases on the standard output in a form that allows them to be "
"reused as input.  If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each "
"@var{name} whose @var{value} is given.  If no @var{value} is given, the name "
"and value of the alias is printed.  Aliases are described in @ref{Aliases}."
msgstr ""

#. type: btindex
#: ./bashref.texi:4032 ./bashref.texi:4033
#, no-wrap
msgid "bind"
msgstr ""

#. type: example
#: ./bashref.texi:4041
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-lpsvPSVX]\n"
"bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-q @var{function}] [-u @var{function}] [-r "
"@var{keyseq}]\n"
"bind [-m @var{keymap}] -f @var{filename}\n"
"bind [-m @var{keymap}] -x @var{keyseq:shell-command}\n"
"bind [-m @var{keymap}] @var{keyseq:function-name}\n"
"bind [-m @var{keymap}] @var{keyseq:readline-command}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4051
msgid ""
"Display current Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing})  key and function "
"bindings, bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro, or set a "
"Readline variable.  Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear "
"in a Readline initialization file (@pxref{Readline Init File}), but each "
"binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., "
"@samp{\"\\C-x\\C-r\":re-read-init-file}."
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4053 ./bashref.texi:4403 ./bashref.texi:4591
msgid "Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:"
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4055
#, no-wrap
msgid "-m @var{keymap}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4069
msgid ""
"Use @var{keymap} as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings.  "
"Acceptable @var{keymap} names are @code{emacs}, @code{emacs-standard}, "
"@code{emacs-meta}, @code{emacs-ctlx}, @code{vi}, @code{vi-move}, "
"@code{vi-command}, and @code{vi-insert}.  @code{vi} is equivalent to "
"@code{vi-command} (@code{vi-move} is also a synonym); @code{emacs} is "
"equivalent to @code{emacs-standard}."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4070 ./bashref.texi:4244 ./bashref.texi:4785 ./bashref.texi:6582 ./bashref.texi:7448 ./bashref.texi:8347
#, no-wrap
msgid "-l"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4072
msgid "List the names of all Readline functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4073 ./bashref.texi:4795 ./bashref.texi:5065 ./bashref.texi:7451 ./bashref.texi:8354
#, no-wrap
msgid "-p"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4076
msgid ""
"Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way that they can be "
"used as input or in a Readline initialization file."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4077 ./bashref.texi:4820 ./bashref.texi:5116
#, no-wrap
msgid "-P"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4079
msgid "List current Readline function names and bindings."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4080 ./bashref.texi:4813 ./bashref.texi:5088 ./bashref.texi:7454
#, no-wrap
msgid "-v"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4083
msgid ""
"Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that they can be "
"used as input or in a Readline initialization file."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4084
#, no-wrap
msgid "-V"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4086
msgid "List current Readline variable names and values."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4087 ./bashref.texi:4409 ./bashref.texi:4483 ./bashref.texi:4641 ./bashref.texi:4804 ./bashref.texi:5196 ./bashref.texi:6596 ./bashref.texi:8360
#, no-wrap
msgid "-s"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4091
msgid ""
"Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output "
"in such a way that they can be used as input or in a Readline initialization "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4092 ./bashref.texi:4755
#, no-wrap
msgid "-S"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4094
msgid "Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4095
#, no-wrap
msgid "-f @var{filename}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4097
msgid "Read key bindings from @var{filename}."
msgstr ""

#. type: item
#: ./bashref.texi:4098
#, no-wrap
msgid "-q @var{function}"
msgstr ""

#. type: table
#: ./bashref.texi:4100
msgid "Query about wh