base-2 arithmetic:  0 1
base-10 arithmetic: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

the binary number 10110.1 is converted to base-10 as follows:
10110.1 = 1*2^4 + 0*2^3 + 1*2^2 + 1*2^1 + 0*2^0 + 1*2^-1
        = 16 + 4 + 2 + 1/2
        = 22.5

Similarly to base-10, the position of the digits relative to decimal point determine the
value of the digit - if a digit is n places to the left of the decimal point, it has a 
value of 2^n-1, whilst if it is n places to the right, it has a value of 2^-n.   
