This is a history cheatsheet and an overview for quick orientation, it may be inaccurate and/or subjective/biased.

                        -13 799 000 000  The Universe starts its existence with the Big Bang. Everything is just a hot plasma, radiation dominates over matter.
                        -13 798 623 000  The Universe cools down and becomes transparent, neutral atoms form, basic elements like hydrogen and helium start to exist.
                        -13 600 000 000  First stars appear.
                        -13 300 000 000  Galaxies are slowly forming.
                        -4 568 000 000   The Sun and our solar system form.
              ___       -4 540 000 000   Earth forms out of debris, it is just a hot lava at this stage, with atmosphere mainly of hydrogen. Hadean eon begins with Earth.
 Hadean      |          -4 500 000 000   Moon is likely formed out of debris left after a Mars-sized body collides with Earth.
             |___       -4 000 000 000   1st single-cell life appears on Earth, in the ocean. They will soon start producing oxygen and creating air atmosphere. This ends Hadean and starts Archean.
 Archean     |___       -2 500 000 000   1st multi-cell organisms. Archean ends, Proterozoic begins.
 Proterozoic |___       -541 000 000     Complex life evolves, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is close to today's. With this Proterozoic ends and Phanerozoic, the current eon, begins.
             |          -225 000 000     1st dinosaurs and mammals appear. Compared to today the Moon in the sky is bigger, the day is 1 hour shorter and there is only one big continent called Pangea.
             |  Juras / -201 300 000     Jurassic, a geological period in the middle of "Age of Reptiles", begins after Triassic, after a mass extinction event.
             |   sic  | -175 000 000     Pangea supercontinent very slowly starts to break apart into continents that we have today.
             |        \ -145 000 000     Jurassic ends with another mass extinction event, to be followed by Cretaceous (Křída).
 Phanerozoic |          -66 000 000      An asteroid colliding with Earth (in today's Mexico) changes climate and makes dinosaurs go extinct, giving place to a rapid rise of mammals.
             .          -7 000 000       Australopithecus (likely future humans) split from chimpanzees (Pan); our last common ancestor dies around this time.
             .        / -3 400 000       Stone Age starts with to-be-humans (Australopithecus) beginning to use stone tools.
             .      / | -2 588 000       Ice Age (most recent of periodic glaciations) starts.
                    | | -2 000 000       Homo Habilis emerges, likely from Australopithecus, still similar to apes (about 1.3m tall, weighing about 37 kg), sometimes walks on two legs.
                    | | -1 800 000       Homo Erectus evolves from Homo Habilis, walking long distaances on two legs.
            Ice Age | | -1 750 000       Speech and language might have started evolving around this time.
                    | | -1 000 000       Humans start using fire around this time (but don't know how to create it).
                    | | -400 000         Humans learn how to start fire around this time.
                    | | -300 000         1st appearance of Homo Sapiens ("wise man", anathomically modern human) in Eastern Africa, evolves from Homo Erectus.
                  / | | -250 000         Neanderthals emerge in parallel to the line of future modern humans their relatives, but will later go extinct.
                  | | | -170 000         Humans start wearing clothes.
     Neanderthals | | | -64 000          Neanderthals make primitive cave paintings (hand stencils) by this time.
                  | | | -44 000          Some humans have migrated to Europe (even Britain) and Asia, start replacing Neanderthals that live there. Later they also reach Australia (during glaciation).
                  \ | | -40 000          Cave paintings of animals have been made by this time. Humans are using tally marks to count items. Neanderthals go extinct.
                    | | -33 000          Dogs are domesticated by man.
                    | | -15 000          Some humans have migrated into Americas (lower sea levels and glaciations made it possible to walk by foot to north America).
                    \ | -11 700          Ice Age ends.
                      | -10 000          World population of humans is over 1 million by this time.
                      |
            Stone Age | -9500            Agriculture (farming) is already developing by this time.
                      | -6000            1st (proto) writing systems emerge in China (marks on tortoise shells). Written recording of history will later end the prehistoric era.
                      | -5000            World population is about 10 million around this time.
                      | -4500            Wheel has been invented and used in primitive mechanisms.
                      | -4000            1st true city, Uruk, is established in Mesopotamia, enclosed by large walls (will be the subject of the poem Epic of Gilgamesh)
                      | -3500            In Mesopotamia (today's Iraq) the 1st civilization, Sumer, starts to form. Horses are probably domesticted around this time.
                      | -3300            In Indus valley (south Asia, Indus river) a civilization starts to form. True writing systems emerge simultaneously in several places (Mesopotamia, Egypt, ...).
                    / \ -3300            Bronze Age starts and Stone Age ends with humans learning to smelt ore (happened at different times around the world).
                    |   -3100            Ancient Egypt civilization starts forming along the Nile river.
                    |   -3000            Stonehenge (probably a burial site) construction begins. It will take at least 1500 years to complete. Meanwhile Egyptians start using papyrus.
                    |   -2600            Maya civilization starts emerging in central America. Meanwhile Egyptians start building pyramids.
         Bronze Age |   -2560            The Great Pyramid of Giza is built in Egypt over 20 years, probably as a tomb of faraon Khufu (also called Cheops). Other pyramids and the Sphinx will follow decades later.
                    |   -2200            4.2 kiloyear event, extreme ~100 year long drought with unknown cause, weakens all civilization greatly
                    |   -2100            In Canaan, an area around today's Israel, people (future Jews) called Israelites appear (Israel being a second name of Jacob, a son of Abraham, their religion patriarch).
                    |   -1792            Hammurabi becomes king of recently formed city-state Babylonia (with capital city Babylon) in Mesopotamia. He becomes known for his eye-for-eye laws.
                    |   -1600            Mycenaean civilization (Mycenae being near future Athens) starts emerging in mainland Greece. It will later grow into Ancient Greek civilization.
                    |   -1650            Mammoths go extinct (last woolly mammoths dies in the area of Syberia).
                    |   -1300            Epic of Gilgamesh, the 1st epic literary work (a poem), about Uruk city's king, is written on clay tablets by Babilonian Shin-Leqi-Unninni (but the story is probably much older)
                    \ / -1200            Iron Age starts and Bronze Age ends with humans learning to produce iron (happened at different times around the world).
                      | -1194            Trojan War (Greeks vs the city Troy) could have happened now (though mostly mythical), which will be described in Homer's Illiad and Oddysey.
                      | -1100            Celts (called Gauls by Romans) start emerging in the area of today's Austria. The will later set in the British isles.
                      | -1000            Nomadic people to be called Persians start settling west of Mesopotamia (north-west of today's Iran).
             Iron Age |
                      | -930             Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of Judah (south of the former) emerge, together covering roughly the area of today's Israel.
                      | -800             1st Ancient Greek cities (Polis) start appearing, an Archaic Greek period begins. The cities will grow (Athens the most) and take colonies, alphabet will emerge as well as culture and politics.
                      | -776             1st ancient Olympic Games are held. They start as a celebration of Zeus with a few sport contests, later will become the largest sport events in the world.
                  /   | -753             Rome, an important city, is founded (likely date). It will now be governed as monarchy, known as a Roman Kingdom.
        Rome City |   | -722             Kingdom of Israel stops existing after being invaded by expanding Assyria. The population is deported and exiled.
                  |   | -700             Ancient Greece (later with Rome defining Antiquity) starts around this time with Homer likely writing the two epic poems Illiad and Oddysey.
            /     |   | -600             Cartage, a city-state in north coast of Africa founded as Phoenician settlement, is becoming one of the leading commercial centers in Mediterranean sea.
            | /   |   | -563             Gautama Buddha (Siddhartha), founder of Buddhism, is born as a son of a king in south Asia (present Nepal). He will refuse to live in luxury and leave to seek and teach the meaing of life.
            | |   |   | -586             Kingdom of Judah is conquered by Babylonians (east) competing with Egyptians (west), creating a province named Yehud. The population (Jews) is captivated and deported to Babylon (some fled to Egypt).
            | |   | / | -570             Pyhagoras, one of the geatest Greek philosophers, is born on a greek island Samos around this time. He will contribute to mathematics and create a Pythagorean code.
            | |   | | | -550             Persian empire, called Achaemenid Empire, starts by Cyrus the Great getting to power and conquering large area, that will eventually become the largest empire so far.
            | |   | | | -540             Persian with Cyrus the Great invade and conquer Babylonia and allow Jews to return to their previous homeland.
            | | / \ | | -509             Rome transforms from kingdom to republic (ruled by two consuls, elected annually) with an overthrow of the king (Lucius Superbus) after his son raped a woman. It will be known as Roman Republic.
            | | |   | \ -500             Iron Age ends.
            | | |   \   -495             Pythagoras (Greek philosopher, mathematician) dies around this time. It is not clear how. Legends say he commited suicide or was killed after refusing to run through a corn field.
            | | |     / -492             Greco-Persian wars begin with Persians invading Greece. Greece will win this fight in Battle of Marathon (-490), but the Persians will return and the war will continue.
            | \ |     | -483             Buddha dies of old age, supposedly after predicting his own death and peacefuly accepting it.
   Carthage |   |     | -480             Battle of Thermopylae takes place between Sparta (Greek city-state under king Leonidas) and Persians (under king Xerxes) over 3 days. Persians win and kill Leonidas.
            |   |     \ -449             Greco-Persian wars end with a peace treaty.
            |   |     / -470             Socrates, a great Greek philosopher, is born around this time in Athens. He will contribute to moral philosophy and ethics.
            |   |   / | -427             Plato, a great Greek philosopher and a student of Socrates, is born around this time in Athens. He will create the 1st Academy (a university school).
            |   |   | \ -399             Socrates is senteced to death by drinking a poison for his political views (corrupting minds of the young, not worshipping state gods, ...). He faces the death bravely.
            |   |   | / -384             Aristotle, a great Greek philosopher, is born in northern Greece. He will study at Plato's school and will be interested in formal logic and will tutor Alexander the Grea.
            |   | / | | -356.07.20       Alexander the Great, one of the greatest military leaders of all time who will conquer the Persian empire, is born as a son of a King of Macedonia (Greece). Aristotle will be his tutor.
            |   | | \ | -348             Plato dies. It is not clear how.
            |   | \   | -323.06.10       Alexander the Great dies in Babylon at the age of 32 in circumstances that involved drinking.
            |   |     \ -322             Aristotle dies of natural causes in Euboea, Greece.
            |   |     / -264             Punic Wars, a series of wars between clashing empires of Rome and Carthage, begin.
            |   |     | -218             Hannibal, a Carthagean general, achieves a famous feat, crosses the Alps with nearly 50 000 men, and goes on to a successful campaign against Rome, but in the end he will be forced to return home.
            \   |     \ -146             Punic Wars end by Rome winning over Carthage, destroying and burning the city, selling the surviving Carthagians to slavery.
                |       -146             Rome starts to dominate over Greek after winning a battle of a Greek city Corinth and completely destroying it.
                |     / -100.07.12       Julius Caesar, an important Roman leader, general and writer, is born in Rome to an aristocratic family.
                |     \ -44.03.15        Julius Caesar is assasinated, stabbed by tens of people including Brutus ("Even you, Brutus?"), for having become too powerful (a dictator).
                \ /     -27              Roman Empire starts with transforming the Roman Republic to so called Principate -- a democracy ruled by a single emperor, Augustus being voted the 1st.
                  |   / -4               Jesus Christ, a jewish preacher to become the central figre of Christianity, is born in Nazareth (today's Israel) around this year, will be baptized by John the Baptist in the Jordan river.
                  |   |
                  |   | 1                The Common Era starts.
     Roman Empire |   \ 30               Jesus is crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the administrator of a Roman province Judea (the area where Jesus preached), after Jesus caused a disturbance in a temple.
                  |     64.07.18         A great fire erupts in Rome, for which many later blame the emperor Nero, allegedly for wanting to "purge" the city.
                  |     79               Mt. Vesuvius (coast of today's Italy) violently explodes (100000 times stronger than Hiroshima), destroying several Roman settlements including Pompeii, burying and preserving the people in stone.
                  |     140              Ptolemy, a Greek mathematician and astronomer, publishes (around this time) a book with a geocentric model of the Universe, which will be accepted for very long.
              / / \     293              Roman Empire is de facto split into two parts with emperor Diocletian constituting Tetrarchy (rule of 4 people): West and East (so called Byzantine Empire). This ends a decades-long Roman crisis.
              | |     / 375              Migration Period (Stehovani Narodu, also Barbarian Invasions), a period of large migrations of various peoples (Germanic, Hunnic, Slavic, ...) in and from the declining Roman Empire, starts with Hunn invasion from Asia.
            / | \     | 476.09.04        Middle Ages start with the end of Western Roman Empire when a germanic statesman Odoacer deposes a young Roman emperor and becomes the 1st king of Italy and accepts to rule under Eastern (Byzantine) Empire.
            | |       | 480              Slavic tribes settle in the area of today's Czech and Prague around this time, as a part of Migration Period.
            | |       | 500              Chess early predecessor, Chaturanga, exists by now in Gupta Empire (India). The rules of the game are different (and not completely known today), but the pieces are very similar.
            | |       | 536              "Worst year ever", volcanic eruption in Iceland causes a year-long fog, ash, darkness, world-wide climate change and subsequently a famine and plague.
            | |       \ 568              Migration Period ends with Lombards moving into Italy.
            | |     /   570              Mohammed, a prophet that will start the Islam religion, is born in Arabic city of Mecca.
 Middle Age | |     |   600              In Moravia region first fortified settlements are being built around this time, which will lead to forming Great Moravia, a majore central European state.
            | |     \   632              Mohammed, the prophet of Islam, falls ill and dies.
            | |       / 742.04.02        Charles the Great (Charlemane), a very important emperor that wil unite most of Europe, is born probably this year, as a son of Frankish king.
          / | |       | 800.12.25        Holy Roman empire, a loose a central Europe complex of territories (greatly independent, including Germany, Bohemia, Italy and others), starts by pope crowning Charles the Great an emperor.             
          | | |       \ 814.01.28        Charles the Great dies of lung illness.
          | | |         863              Cyril and Methodius, brother from the Byzantine Empire, bring Christianity to Moravia (along with a newly invented alphabet and translations), after being invited by Moravian prince Rastislav.
          | | |         870              Borivoj I, the first recorded duke of an important Premysl dynasty, takes reign over Bohemia (then under Great Moravia).
          | | |         935.09.28        Wenceslaus I (Sv. Vaclav), a Bohemian Duke from the Premysl dynasty who will be elevated to sainthood, is murdered by his brother Boleslav in order to take the reign.      
          | | |
          | | |         1085.06.15       Vratislaus II becomes the first king of Bohemia (before this there were dukes), the title being granted by the Holy Roman Emperor.
          | | |
          | | |         1120             Kosmas, a dean living in Prague, writes (in Latin) his Chronicles (Kronika), the first text on history of Czech people.
          | | | /       1173.08.09       Leaning Tower of Pisa is stared being built in Pisa (Italy), it will start to tilt during the construction 5 years later due to bad foundations. This tilt will make it famous.
          | | | |
          | | | |       1250             On Easter Island (isolated in the Pacific Ocean) Moai (mysterious big head statues) start being made by the aboriginal Rapa Nui peoplei around this time.
          | | | |     / 1299             Ottoman Empire is established by a chief Osman I near the area of Turkey. The Empire will grow and become very strong.
          | | | |     |
          | | | | /   | 1300             Renaissance, a time of return to Ancient Greece and Rome ideas and a transition from middle ages to modern days, starts around this time in Florence, Italy, with artists such as Dante.
          | | | | | / | 1316.05.14       Charles IV, an important ruler for the Czech, is born in Prague to Eliska Premyslovna and John of Bohemia (Luxembourgish).
          | | | | | | | 1347             Black Death, the biggest plague in history, is carried into Constantinople by fleeing traders. It will spread to whole Eurasia and kill up to 200 million people (42%) over the next years, greatly affecting the world.
          | | | | | | | 1348.04.07       Lands of Czech Crown (Zeme Koruny Ceske) come into existence by Charles IV declaring their existence in two newly released documents.
          | | | \ | | | 1372             Leaning Tower of Pisa is completed, with the tilt around 5 degrees (which will later be lowered).
          | | |   | \ | 1378.11.29       Charles IV dies, probably after having fallen from a horse.
          | | |   |   | 
          | | |   |   | 1442             The Great Wall of China is started being built by the Ming dynasty along the north border to protect China from Mongolians, although similar walls were built in there as early as 7th century BC.
          | | |   |   | 1450             Johannes Gutenberg (German metal-worker) invents (moveable) printing press, making book copying very cheap, which will lead to Renaissance.
          | | |   | / | 1452.04.15       Leonardo da Vinci is born in the town Vinci in Florence (today's Italy).
          | | \   | | | 1453.05.29       Byzantine Empire ends when after long wars its capital Constantinople is captured by the army of Ottoman Empire.
          | |   / | | | 1473.02.19       Nicolaus Copernicus, an important future brilliant polymath and astronomer, is born in Polish Prussia to merchant parents.
          | |   | | | | 1492.10.12       Christopher Columbus discovers America (not the 1st, but 1st significant), though this will be known only after his death.
          | \   | | | | 1492             Middle Ages end with the discovery of America.
          |     | | | | 1512             Holy Roman Empire is renamed by a decree to Holy Roman Empire of the Germany Nation, because of the bigger power of Germans and lost territries e.g. in Italy.
          |     | | | | 1500             World population is about 500 million around this time.
          |     | | | | 1504             Mona Lisa, maybe the most famous painting, is being created in Florence (Italy) by Leonardo Da Vinci around this year.
          |     | | | | 
          |     | | | | 1516.10.31       Martin Luther, a German monk, publishes his 95 Theses criticizing the Roman Catholic Church (mainly indulgences), which will lead to a reform and a split of the Protestant branch of the church.
          |     | | \ | 1519.05.02       Leonardo da Vinci dies in Clos Lucé (France), probably of stroke.
   Holy   |     | |   | 1543             Copernicus publishes a book proposing heliocentric universe (Sun in the center, but planets still only revolve around perfect circles), which will replace Ptolemy's geocentric model.
   Roman  |     \ |   | 1543.05.24       Nicolaus Copernicus dies on internal bleeding, shortly after publishing his most important work.
   Empire |       | / | 1564.04          William Shakespeare, regarded as the best (play)writer of all time, is born in Stantford upon Avon, England (exact birth date isn't known).
          |     / | | | 1571.12.27       Johannes Kepler, an future important astronomer and mathematician, is born in Germany to a mercenary and an inkeeper.
          |     | | | | 1595             Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet is premiered around this time.
          |     | | | | 
          |     | \ | | 1600             Renaissance ends around this time, transitioning to Modernity.
          |     |   | | 1600             Shakespeare's play Hamlet, maybe the most famous play of all time, is premiered around this time.
          |     |   | | 1606.02.26       Australia is discovered by Willem Janszoon (Dutch) who lands at its north coast. More Dutch explorers will follow to land at north and west and will name the continent New Holland.
          |     |   | | 1609             Kepler starts publishing his revolutionary laws of planetary motion, which correct the Copernicus' model (planets move along ellipses and with varying speed).
          |     |   \ | 1616.04.23       William Shakespeare dies in Stantfort upon Avon, for reasons not known today (probably of fever contracted by drinking too much).
          |     | /   | 1618.05.23       Thirty Years' War, a big European war over religion and politics, starts by Bohemian Revolt when Hussites (protestants) defenestrate Castholic councillors in Prague and put up a protestant government.
          |     | |   | 1620.11.08       Battle of White Mountain (Bitva na Bile hore), a big battle of 30 Years' War, is fought near Prague, Czech protestants lose to Ferdinand II Habsburg (catholic army) who takes place of the Czech king.
          |     \ |   | 1630.12.15       Johannes Kepler dies of an illness in Germany.
          |       |   | 1638             Galileo Galilei reports he tried to measure the speed of light by observing a lantern some distance away, but was unable to decide whether the speed of light is infinite of just very fast.
          |       | / | 1643.01.04       Isaac Newton is born in eastern England.
          |       \ | | 1648.05.15       Thirty Years' War ends by signing Peace of Westphalia between Holy Romain Empire, Habsburgs and other German princes, Spain, France and others.
          |         | | 1662             Dodo, a species of bird living on Mauritius island, is last seen around this time before its extinction, most probably caused by humans.
          |  Newton | | 1687             Isaac Newton publishes Principia, one of the most important works of science which describes laws of motion, gravity and planetary movements.
          |         | | 
          |         | | 1707.04.19       James Cook lands at the east coast of Australia and claims it for Britain.
          |         | | 1712             Steam engine by an English inventor Thomas Newcomen becomes the 1st commercially successful steam engine with piston (though simpler steam devices have already been used even in previous century).
          |         \ | 1727.03.31       Isaac Newton dies peacefully in his sleep.
          |     /     | 1756.01.27       Wolfgand Amadeus Mozart, the most famous composer, is born in Salzburg, Austria. He is a child prodigy who will start composing at the age of 5.
          |   M |     | 1760             Industrial Revolution begins in the UK with many new innovations (steam power, machines, tranport, ...), hand production will be replaced by machines, people will move to cities to work in factories.
          |   o |   / | 1769.08.15       Napoleon Bonaparte, a famous general and emperor, is born in Corsica (blonging to France). He will fight in French revolution as well as abroad and become general.
          |   z | / | | 1775.04.19       American Revolutionary War (War of Independence), between Britain and its 13 American colonies who demand independence, begins by siege of Boston, after the colonies refuse to accept taxing laws.
          |   a | | | | 1776.07.04       US Declaration of Independence is pronounced on a congress in Philadelphia, stating why the 13 colonies regard themselves sovereign states, laying foundation to the USA.
          |   r | \ | | 1783.09.03       American Revolutionary War ends by Britain recognizing the sovereignty of the United States in a treaty.
          |   t | / | | 1789.07.14       French Revolution starts with the Storming of the Bastille (fortress in Paris, got overthrown), when the people grew tired of too much power of the king Louis XVI and the nobles, and demanded more power.
          |     \ | | | 1791.12.05       Mozart dies in his home in Vienna after an illness, aged only 35.
          |       | | | 1792.09.21       France becomes a republic by a vote on a convention. The king, Louis XVI, will be executed by guilotinne the next year.
          |       \ | | 1799.11.09       French Revolution ends when Napoleon takes over the parliament in Paris and as a war hero is elected the First Consul of France, replacing a post-revolution rule of 5 people.
          |         | |
          |         | | 1802             1st steam locomotive (full scale and working) is built by Richard Trevithick in England.
          |       / | | 1804.12.02       Napoleonic Wars (between France and other countries) start when Napoleon crowns himself an Emperor of France.
          |       | | | 1805.12.02       Battle of Austerlitz is won by Napoleon at Slavkov against the bigger army of Russians and Austrians.
          \       | | | 1806.08.06       Holy Roman Empire (of the German Nation) ends after emperor Francis II's abdicated after his deafeat by Napoleon, who reorganizes it into a Confederation of of the Rhine.
                  | | | 1814             Napoleon is exiled to an island Elba (Italy) by his enemies, after an unsuccessful invasion of Russia, retreat and abdication. He will be allowed to rule the island, will build a small army and escape.
                  \ | | 1815.06.18       Napoleonic Wars end by France, lead by Napoleon by again becoming its rules, losing a Battle of Waterloo (today's Belgium) against British and Prussian armies.
                    | | 1815.12          Napoleon is exiled to the island Saint Helena (SW from Africa), after having lost his popularity, abdicating, being hunted by Prussians and being forced to ask for asylum from the Brits.
                    | | 1816             Year without summer -- weather abnoralities with extremely cold weather for the whole year result in an agricultural disaster in the north hemisphere.
    /               | | 1818.03.05       Karl Marx, the philosopher who will come with the idea of Communism, is born in the west of Germany, to a relatively wealthy middle-class family.
    |               | | 1820             World population reaches 1 billion around this time.
    |               \ | 1821.05.05       Napoleon Bonaparte dies on Saint Helena island, probably of stomach cancer.
    |                 | 1826             1st photography is taken by Nicéphore Niépce in France -- a view from a window of his estate.
    |                 | 1845.01          Raven, one of the most famous poems in history, is published by Edgar Allan Poe.
    |           /     | 1847.02.11       Thomas Alva Edison, a famous inventor, is born in Ohio, USA.
/   |           |     | 1850.03.07       Tomas Masaryk (TGM), the future first Czechoslovak president and a professor, is born to a poor family in Hodonin.
|   |    Edison |     | 1853             Karel Jaromir Erben publishes Kytice, a very famous Czech poem collection.
|   |           |     | 1855             Bozena Nemcova publishes Babicka (Grandma), a very famous Czech book.
|   |         / |     | 1856.07.10       Nikola Tesla, a famous inventor, is born in the place of today's Croatia, then Austrian Empire.
|   |         | |     | 1859.11.24       Charles Darwin publishes the revolutionary book On the Origin of Species which scientifically explains the evolution of life. This is in conflict with the Bible.
|   |   Tesla | |     | 1860             1st sound recording, a person singing Au clair de la lune, is recorded on paper. It can not be played back, but will later be replayable.
|   |         | |     | 1860             1st bicycle with pedals (velocipede, enlarged front wheel) is invented around this time.
|   |         | |   / | 1861.04.12       American Civil War starts by Confederation (11 souhern states where slavery is legal and wants to split from the USA) attacking Union (North, with Abraham Lincoln as president).
|   |         | |   | | 1863.01.01       Slavery ends with Abraham Lincoln issuing Emancipation Proclamation. This frees all slaves, but those in Confederation stay effectively slaves until the end of war.
|   |         | |   | | 1865.04.14       Abraham Lincoln is shot by a South sympathizer, and dies.
|   |         | |   \ | 1865.05.09       American Civil War ends with the Confederation surrending, the Union winning.
|   |     /   | |     | 1867.05.29       Austria-Hungary is established by Franz Joseph and Deák (Hungarian statesman) signig a Compromise which unifies a weakened Austrian empire with Hunagry (who insist on equality to Austria).
|   | /   |   | |     | 1869.10.02       Mahatma Ghandi, a important indian activist and proponent of nonviolent resistance, is born in western India.
|   | | / |   | |     | 1870.04.22       Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, a revolutionary and a future head of Soviet Russia, is born in the south-west of Russian Empire as one of 8 children. He will study to become a lawyer.
|   | | | |   | |   / | 1875.09          Statue of Liberty is started being built by the French, to be given as a gift to the Union (USA) for having won the Civil War and ending slavery.
|   | | | |   | |   | | 1877             Thomas Edison invents phonograph cylinder, a practical sound recorder and player, which starts the recording industry.
| / | | | |   | |   | | 1878.12.18       Joseph Stalin (born Ioseb Jughashvili), a future leader of the Soviet Union, is born in Georgia (southeast of Europe).
| | | | | |   | | / | | 1879.03.14       Albert Einstein, arguably the most famous scientist, is born in Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | / | | | | | 1881.10.25       Pablo Picasso, maybe the most famous painter, is born in Málaga, Spain.
| | \ | | | | | | | | | 1883.03.14       Karl Marx dies of bronchosis in London, as a stateless person.
| |   | | | | | | | \ | 1886.10.28       Statue of liberty is dedicated to the USA by the French.
| |   | | | | | | |   | 1887.01.28       Eiffel Tower starts being built in Paris for the 100th anniversary of French revolution by Gustave Eiffel (but the tower was designed by other people). It will take 2 years to finish.
| |   | | | | | | |   | 1888             Jack the Ripper (probably), a famous uncaught killer, performs a series of five murders in Whitechapel district of London in this year.
| |   | | | | | | |   | 1888.10.14       1st video footage (2 second shot of his family) is taken Louis Le Prince on his self-invented single-lens camera.
| |   | | | | | | |   | 1889             Starry Night, one of the most famous paintings in history, is created by vincent Van Gogh.
| |   | | | | | | | / | 1889.04.20       Adolf Hitler is born near Germany border in Austria (then under Austria-Hungary).
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1894.08.24       Tomas Bata with his siblings founds the Bata shoe company in Zlin, Czech. He will later become the only owner, he will become very famous as the company will become one of the most successful in the world.
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1895.11.27       Nobel Prize is established by Alfred Nobel, a famous swedish inventor of dynamite, in his last will after he has read a mistakingly published negative obituary of himself.
| |   | | | | | | | | |
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1903.08.23       Lenin becomes a leader of a group called Bolsheviks ("majority", also the Reds) at a congress of Russian socialist party (which he is a member of), splitting from the rest called Mensheviks ("minority") after disagreeing on important issues.
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1903.12.17       1st sustained flight (lasting 12 seconds) with a heavier-than-air airplane is performed by Wright brothers (USA).
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1905             Albert Einstein's miracle year. He gets his PhD and publishes 4 works (including theory of relativity) that change the understanding of the Universe.
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1909.04.06       North Pole is claimed to have been stood on for the 1st time by Robert Peary, reached with dogsleds, but this is disputed (undoubtedly it was reached later in 1948 by Soviets).
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1911.12.14       South Pole is reached in 56 days by Norwegian Roald Amundsen after a dramatic race with Roebrt Scott (Brit), whose party will get there 33 days later and die on the way back.
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1912.04.14       Titanic, the biggest ship yet, sinks on its first sail (from UK Southampton to USA New York) after hitting an iceberg. Over 1500 people die.
| | / | | | | | | | | | 1914.07.28       World War I (WW1) starts when Gavrilo Princip assasinates Franz Ferdinand and his wife on their visit to Sarajevo.
| | | | | | | | | | | | 1914.08          Hitler voluntarily enters the German army where he will fight and serve as a messenger until the end of the war. He will be wounded and receive honors.
| |WW1| | \ | | | | | | 1918.10          Austria-Hunagry, with the end of the war becoming clear, starts breaking apart quickly with its nations claiming independence and creating separate counties (Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, ...).
| | | | |   | | | | | | 1917             Russian revolution happens in two revolutions during this year, ending the Russian Empire, forcing Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate, replacing his rule with so called soviets (workers' councils), with Lenin as a leader, creating Soviet Russia.
| | | | |   | | | | | | 1918.10.28       Czechoslovakia (so called first republic) becomes an independent state, out of Lands of Bohemian Crown (Zeme Koruny Ceske), splitting from Austria-Hungary.
| | \ | |   | | | | | | 1918.11.11       World War I ends with an armistice between the Allies and Germany.
| |   | | / | | | | | | 1920.01.17       Prohibition of all alcohol goes into effect in the USA. The temperance movement, who blame alcohol for society decline, manages to make it a law. This will give rise to mafia who will profit from illegal alcohol.
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1920             Karel Capek publishes R.U.R., a very famous Czech play which invents the word "robot".
| |   | | | | | | | | | 1921.07.29       Hitler becomes the leader of national socialist party (NSDAP, the Nazi party), having proven a very good speaker, after having been a member for two years.
| | / | | | | | | | | | 1922.12.30       Soviet Union (USSR) is established as a union of (until now mostly independent) socialist soviet (run by workers) states: mainly Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.
| | | | | | | | | | | \ 1923.11.01       Ottoman Empire ends and the republic of Turney is declared instead.
| | | | | | | | | | |   1924             Car is owned by about 50% of households in the USA.
| | | | \ | | | | | |   1924.01.21       Lenin dies after a period of deteriorating health, in the west of Russia. He will have a huge funeral and his body will be embalmed and put on display in a mausoleum in Moscow. Stalin will later become the new leader of USSR.
| | | |   | | | | | |   1924.04.01       Hitler is imprisoned for trying to start a revolution by force. He will spend 1 year in prison and write his famous Mein Kampf there.
| | | |   | | | | | |   1925.10.22       Transistor, a key component of an electronic computer, is invented in Canada, though it will not be practically used until 1953.
| | | |   | | | | | |   1928.09.28       Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist, accidentally discover penicillin, one of the 1st antibiotics, which is a revoltion for medicine.
| | | |   | | | | | | / 1929.01.15       Marti Luther King Jr., an important non-violent resistance activist (inspired by Ghandi) who will promote equallity betwen races of people, is born in Atlanta, USA.
| | | | / | | | | | | | 1929.09.04       Great Depression, the worst economic crisis of the century, starts with stock prices dropping in the USA. People will be unemployed and commit suicides. The crisis will affect the whole world.
| | | | | | | | \ | | | 1931.10.18       Thomas Edison dies of diabetes in his home in New Jersey.
| | | | \ | | |   | | | 1933             Countries start recovering from the great depression, but its consequences will last for many years.
| | | |   | | |   | | | 1933.03.23       Hitler (now the chancellor) and his Nazi party achieves absolute political power in Germany, using the great depression for populism, speeches, illegal steps and rewriting constitution.
| | | |   | | |   | | | 1933.10          Einstein emigrates to the USA after having given up German citizenship and staying in various countries for months, because of Hitler getting to power in Germany.
| | | |   \ | |   | | | 1933.12.05       Prohibition of alcohol ends in the USA after pressure from companies and people because of its many negative effects including crime and economy.
| | | |     | | / | | | 1935.01.08       Elvis Presley, meaybe the most famous singer who will make the Rock and Roll music genre popular, is born in Mississippi.
| | | | /   | | | | | | 1936.10.05       Václav Havel is born in Prague to a wealthy family. He will help overthrow the Czechoslovakia totalitarianism and become its president.
| | | | |   | | | | | | 1937.05.06       Hindenburg, a German airship, catches fire and burns while docking in New Jersey. 36 people died. The disaster is widely covered in media.
\ | | | |   | | | | | | 1937.09.14       Tomas Garrigue Masaryk dies from lung sickness at 87 in Lany, Czechoslovakia.
  | | | |   | | | | | | 1938.09.30       Munich Agreement is signed in Munich, which says France will allow Nazis to seize Sudetenland -- border areas of Czechoslovakia where a lot of Germans live, on a condition they won't demand more land.
  | | | |   | | | | | | 1938.10.30       Adaptation of a sci-fi novel The War of The Worlds is broadcast on radio, by many mistaken for news broadcast causes wide panic about Earth being under attack by aliens.
  | | | |   | | | | | | 1939.03.16       Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia is established from Prague by Hitler after invading the country. Prezident Beneš has exiled to London, the new one -- Emil Hácha -- submits and is kept as a head of the protectorate.
  | | | | / | | | | | | 1939.09.01       World War II (WW2) starts by Germany invading Poland (1st blitzkrieg). Allies (UK, France, USA, China, Canada, ...) will fight against Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan, ...).
  | | | | | | | | | | | 1939.09.17       Soviet Union, having a secret mutual non-aggression pact with Germany, invades Poland too and takes part of it. They will continue in other countries which will later become the Eastern bloc (communist states under USSR).
  | | | | | | | | | | | 1940.07.21       Beneš Decrees start being published by Czechoslovakia president Edvard Beneš in London exile (coutry is occupied by Nazis), describing post-war denazification, deportation of Germans etc.
  | | | | | | | | | | | 1941.05          1st fully programmable electromechanical computer, Z3, is created in Berlin by Konrad Zuse.
  | | | | | | | | | | | 1941.06.22       Germany invades the Soviet Union (breaking their mutual non-aggression pact) which makes the Soviets join the Allies in WW2.
  | | | | | | | | | | | 1942.05.27       Reinhard Heydrich, the Nazi protector in Czechoslovakia, is assasinated in Prague by 3 (Gabčík, Kubiš, Valčík) of 7 parachutists of the Czech army in exile. The parachutists hide after the attack.
  | | | |WW2| | | | | | 1942.06.16       After Nazis having destroyed Lidice and Ležáky, killing hundreds, in reaction to the killing of Heydrich, Čurda, a Czech soldier, betrays the assasins and reveals them to Nazis, who kill them all after an 8 hour fight.
  | | | | | | \ | | | | 1943.01.07       Nikola Tesla dies alone in a hotel room in New York.
  | | | | | |   | | | | 1944.06.06       Normandy (north France) is invaded by Allies (D-Day) to liberate France from Nazis -- this includes a battle of Omaha beach, one of the bloodiest battles of WW2. Over 15000 people died.
  | | | | | |   | | \ | 1945.04.30       Hitler commits suicide by shooting himself in his bunker in Berlin, on his order his body is burned immediatelly.
  | | | | | |   | |   | 1945.05.08       Germany surrenders, ending WW2 in Europe, protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ends as well. However, the war still continues elsewhere in the world.
  | | | | | |   | |   | 1945.08          USA destroy Hiroshima (6th) and Nagasaki (9th) (Japan cities) with atomic bombs (Little Boy and Fat Man), killing about 200000 people.
  | | | | | |   | |   | 1945.08.02       The winning Allies divide Germany and Berlin to 4 zones governed by UK, USA, France and Soviet Union. This division will laer become the Iron Curtain and Berlin Wall.
  | | | | \ |   | |   | 1945.09.02       World War II ends with Japanese foreign minister signing surrender documents on board of a US ship at Tokyo Bay.
  | | | |   |   | |   | 1945.10.24       Allies from WW2 form United Nations (UN) -- an organization to maintain peace, prevent future wars, uphold international law and human rights.
  | | | |   |   | |   | 1945.10.28       Czechoslovak president Edvard Beneš wants deportation of Germans (mainly from Sudetenland) to Germany according to Beneš Decrees, which happens and results in 15 to 270 thousand of deaths of these.
  | | | |   |   | |   | 1945.11.20       Nuremberg trials, the trials with Nazis, begin in Germany. Many of the leaders (Hitler, Goebbels -- minister of propaganda, Himmler -- leader of the SS, ...) have commited suicide and wouldn't be punished.
  | | | |   | / | |   | 1947.03.12       Cold war, a political tension between USA and Soviet Union, starts by US president Truman announcing Truman Doctrine, a policy against Soviet totaliatarian regimes.   
  | | \ |   | | | |   | 1948.01.30       Mahatma Ghandi is assasinated in a prayer meeting by a man with a gun, who blamed him for a suffering of a lot of people.
  | |   |   | | | |   | 1948.02.25       "Victorious February" in Czechoslovakia gives the communist party absolute power, creating a totalitarian regime.
  | |   |   | | | |   | 1949.04.04       NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), an alliance between many world countries (similat to UN but focused on military), is created.
  | |   |   | | | |   | 1950.05.30       Dr. Milada Horáková's trial starts for her protests against the Czechoslovakia communist party. She will become famous for her brave defense despite torture before the trial. She will be sentenced to death and executed.
  \ |   |   | | | |   | 1953.03.05       Stalin dies of stroke in Moscow and has a huge funeral. Nikita Khrushchev will later become the new leader of the USSR as the first secretary.
    |   |   | | | |   | 1953.05.29       1st man, Edmund Hillary, climbs the highest mountain on Earth, Mount Everest, with the help of sherpa Tenzing Norgay.
    |   |   | C | \   | 1955.04.17       Albert Einstein dies in Princeton Hospital, aged 76, after refusing a surgery of his aortal bleeding.
    |   |   | o |     | 1957             TV is present in about 50% of homes in the developed countries.
    |   |   | l |     | 1958.12.31       Cuban revolution, led by Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, ends victoriously, overthrowing the current USA-assigned leader Batista, setting up socialism with Fidel Castro as the leader.
    |   |   | d |   / | 1960.08          The Beatles, perhaps the most famous musical band ever, forms.
    |   |   | | |   | | 1961.04.12       Yuri Gagarin (Soviet Union) becomes the 1st human to journey to outer space by leaving Earth and orbiting it once in his Vostok spacecraft.
    |   |   | W |   | | 1963.11.22       J.F.Kennedy is assasinated in Texas by a long-range rifle by Lee Harvey Oswald (this will become a conspiracy theory). Vice persident Lyndon Johnson takes up the presidency 2 hours later.
    |   |   | a |   | | 1967.10.09       Che Guevara is executed by a gun after being captured in Bolivia, where he went to lead another communist revolution, this time unsuccessfully. He will remain known as a great symbol of revolution.
    |   |   | r | / | | 1968.01.05       Prague Spring starts with a newly elected first secretary of the communist party, Alexander Dubček, starting to grant additional freedoms to Czechoslovak people (so called Socialsm with Human Face).
    |   |   | | | | | \ 1968.04.04       Martin Luther King is fatally shot while standing on a balcony in Memphis, by a criminal man.
    |   |   | | | \ |   1968.08.21       Czechoslovakia is invaded by a Warsaw Pack Army (mainly Soviet Russia) in order to end Prague Spring. 137 civilians die. Dubček is arrested, later kept at office but without continuing his liberation efforts.
USSR|   |   | | |   |   1969.01.16       Jan Palach, a student of Charles University in Prage, self-immolates in protest of the Russian invasion and censorship. A few others will follow him, but he will be partly forgotten until the Velvet revolution.
    |   |   | | |   |   1969.07.20       Neil Armstrong (USA) becomes the 1st human to walk on the Moon as a part of Apollo 11 NASA program.
    |   |   | | |   \   1970.04.10       The Beatles break up after a long time of disagreements in the band. John McCartney, the frontman, announces he's leaving.
    |   |   \ | |       1973.04.08       Picasso dies from heart attack in France, after a period of high creativity.
    |   |     | |       1973.07.10       Olga Hepnarová (19) drives over people in Prague with her truck as a revenge to society she hates, killing 8. She will be sentenced to death by hanging and the last person to be executed in Czechoslovakia.
    |   |     | |       1975             Microsoft and Apple, the most unethical companies that will enslave humans via personal computers, are founded around this time.
    |   |     | \       1977.08.16       Elvis Presley is found dead from heart attack in his bathrhoom, after a period of health problems and drug abuse.
    |   |     |         1979.05          Václav Havel goes to prison for 4 years for his political activity, after also having been banned from his work in theathre.
    |   |     |         1980.12.08       John Lennon, an ex-member of the Beatles, is shot and killed in New York by his fan, out of religious reasons.
    |   |     |         1987             World population reaches 5 billion.
    |   |     |         1989.11.09       Berlin Wall, the symbol of Cold War that separated east and west Berlin, is taken down.
    |   |     |         1989.12.29       Velvet Revolution starts in Czechoslovakia with student protests and leads to an end of 41 years of Communist party rule, creating a democratic republic with Václav Havel as president.
    |   |     |         1991.11.24       Freddie Mercury, frontman of one of the most famous bands, Queen, dies of AIDS. He records songs until the very last moments.
    \   |     \         1991.12.26       Soviet Union dissolves, ending the cold war. The Union's last president, Michail Gorbatchev, introduce some freedoms, which led to countries demanding independence, leading to the collapse.
        |               1993.01.01       Czechoslovakia splits into two states: Czech and Slovak republic, because of growing national tension.
        |               1997.05.11       Deep Blue becomes the first computer to beat the world champion (Garry Kasparov) in a chess tournament.
        |               1997.08.31       Princess Diana of the British Royal Family dies in a car accident in Paris. The event will become a subject of conspiracy theories.
        |
  Havel |               2000             About 50% of the USA household have a personal computer and about 50% of USA population is using the Internet.
        |               2001.09.11       9/11 terrorist attacks by abducted planes on the USA by al-Queda, Twin Towers in New York are destroyed, 3000 people die.
        |             / 2001.10.07       USA (supported by UK and others) invades Afghanistan, starting a war ("on terror") to dismantle al-Qaeda and remove ruling Taliban (al-Qaeda supporter) from power.
        |             | 2003.04.14       Human genome has been completely mapped after 13 years of work.
        |             | 2004.05.01       Czech Republic joins the EU.
        |             | 2011.07.22       Anders Breivik, a right wing extremist, kills 77 people in Oslo and on Utoya island in Norway in a protest against immigration.
        \             | 2011.12.18       Václav Havel dies in his home in Czech, a week after having met with his friend Dalai Lama.
                      | 2012.08.25       1st man made object, space probe Voyager 1, leaves the Solar System at the speed of 61000 km/h, 35 years after its launch.
                        2019.12.24       1st care of COVID-19 (coronavirus), a virus that will cause a huge world-wide pandemic, kill millions and cause financial crisis, is recorded in China 

                        2061.07.28       Halley's Comet returns to the Solar System.
                        2150.06.25       Over 7 minute Sun eclipse will occur.
                        10 000           Antares star explodes in supernova which can be very clearly seen from Earth even in daylight.
                        26 000           Chernobyl's radiation levels return to normal.
                        1 000 000        Apollo footprints on the Moon fade away.
                        300 000 000      Continents on Earth join into one supercontinent.
                        1 000 000 000    High-level life on Earth is slowly ending as it warms up, makes photosynthesis impossible, making plants and by extension animals die.
                        2 000 000 000    Oceans on Earth evaporate.
                        3 000 000 000    All life on Earth is extinct by now.
                        4 000 000 000    Our Milky Way galaxy collides with Andromeda, forming a new Milkomeda galaxy.
                        5 500 000 000    The Sun runs out of hydrogen and starts to become a red giant.
                        7 600 000 000    Earth is destroyed by falling into Sun which has expanded its size by more than 200 times.
                        8 000 000 000    The Sun becomes a white dwarf.
       Degenerate Era /     5 * 10^13    Stars stopped forming because gas clouds in space disappear. The existing stars slowly die off, transitioning the Universe into Degenerate Era.
                      |     3 * 10^27    Black holes are devouring all black dwarves and other matter left in the Universe.
     Black Hole Era / \     3 * 10^40    Protons decay, matter disappears, leaving only radiation behind. Black holes are now the only celestial bodies.
                  / \          10^100    Black holes evaportate and explode into subatomic particles, transitioning the Universe into the very low energy Dark Era.
         Dark Era \         10^10^100    The Universe ends, reaching its final energy state. With this time disappears.
                  
                

TODO:

Speed of light measurement
Kepler
Galilo Galilei
Ptolemy's geocentric model
Chalres IV
Franks
Premyslovci
Rasputin
Tibet
protestants
crusades
Marshal's plan
Slavkov battle
Al Capone
Vietnam war
Korean war
European Union
Prussia
Bay of Pigs
Evita Peron
Popes
Byzantine empire
Vikings
Carthage
Great Plague
Hussites
NATO
Mussolini
Europen Union
Syria
Palestina
Czech manuscripts
Churchill
Manhattan project
Putin
French revolution
Great Wall of China
Menova Reforma
mass extinctions
Silk Road
Fudalism vs Capitalism
