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<div class="header">
The NakedMud Tutorial :: Mail Module
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<div class="head">The Mail Module</div>
<div class="info">
This basic incarnation of the mail module will allow players to send written
messages to one another. Send mail will not be persistent (it will not save
over reboots or crashes). That feature will be postponed until the section on
Storage Sets.
<p></p>
To start, create a new structure to represent a piece of sent mail. Add this to
<i>mail.c</i>:

<pre class="code">
typedef struct {
  char *sender;       // name of the char who sent this mail
  char   *time;       // the time it was sent at
  BUFFER *mssg;       // the accompanying message
} MAIL_DATA;
</pre>

Now, write some functions for a couple procedures that will be needed down
the road -- the creation and deletion of mail:

<pre class="code">
// create a new piece of mail.
MAIL_DATA *newMail(CHAR_DATA *sender, const char *mssg) {
  MAIL_DATA *mail = malloc(sizeof(MAIL_DATA));
  mail->sender = strdup(charGetName(sender));
  mail->time   = strdup(get_time());
  mail->mssg   = newBuffer(strlen(mssg));
  bufferCat(mail->mssg, mssg);
  return mail;
}

// free all of the memory that was allocated to make this piece of mail
void deleteMail(MAIL_DATA *mail) {
  if(mail->sender) free(mail->sender);
  if(mail->time)   free(mail->time);
  if(mail->mssg)   deleteBuffer(mail->mssg);
  free(mail);
}
</pre>

Now that the basic steps for creating and deleting mail are complete, we
can set up some commands to allow players to send mail:

<pre class="code">
// mails a message to the specified person. This command must take the 
// following form:
//   mail <person>
//
// The contents of the character's notepad will be used as the body of the
// message. The character's notepad must not be empty.
COMMAND(cmd_mail) {
  // make sure the character exists
  if(!player_exists(arg))
    send_to_char(ch, "Noone named %s is registered on %s.\r\n",
                 arg, "<insert mud name here>");
  // make sure we have a socket - we'll need access to its notepad
  else if(!charGetSocket(ch))
    send_to_char(ch, "Only characters with sockets can send mail!\r\n");
  // make sure our notepad is not empty
  else if(!*bufferString(socketGetNotepad(charGetSocket(ch))))
    send_to_char(ch, "Your notepad is empty. "
                 "First, try writing something with {cwrite{n.\r\n");
  // the character exists. Let's parse the items and send the mail
  else {
    MAIL_DATA *mail = newMail(ch, bufferString(socketGetNotepad(charGetSocket(ch))));
    
    // if we had some way of storing mail, we'd now do that. But since we
    // don't, let's just delete the mail.
    //***********
    // FINISH ME
    //***********
    deleteMail(mail);

    // let the character know we've sent the mail
    send_to_char(ch, "You send a message to %s.\r\n", arg);
  }
}
</pre>

We will also want to add this new command to the main command table. To do that,
make a call to add_cmd in init_mail:

<pre class="code">
// boot up the mail module
void init_mail(void) {
  // add all of the commands that come with this module
  add_cmd("mail", NULL, cmd_mail, "player", FALSE);
}
</pre>

The first incarnation of the mail module is just about complete. The only thing
needed now is a way to store mail that has been sent. To do this, there needs
to be some way of mapping characters to their received mail, and a command for
them to access that mail. Let us create a hashtable to map character names to
their mail. Do this at the top of mail.c, just before the MAIL_DATA structure
is defined:

<pre class="code">
// maps charName to a list of mail they have received
HASHTABLE *mail_table = NULL;
</pre>

The hashtable will also need to be initialized. This can be done in the
init_mail function:

<pre class="code">
// boot up the mail module
void init_mail(void) {
  // initialize the mail table
  mail_table = newHashtable();

  // add all of the commands that come with this module
  add_cmd("mail", NULL, cmd_mail, "player", FALSE);
}
</pre>

Earlier, the mail command was left unfinished because there was no way to store
mail. Now that there is a hashtable for serving this function, go back to
cmd_mail and fill in the unfinishedp art:

<pre class="code">
  // the character exists. Let's parse the items and send the mail
  else {
    MAIL_DATA *mail = newMail(ch, bufferString(socketGetNotepad(charGetSocket(ch))));
    
    // see if the receiver already has a mail list
    LIST *mssgs = hashGet(mail_table, arg);
    
    // if he doesn't, create one and add it to the hashtable
    if(mssgs == NULL) {
      mssgs = newList();
      hashPut(mail_table, arg, mssgs);
    }

    // add the new mail to our mail list
    listPut(mssgs, mail);

    // let the character know we've sent the mail
    send_to_char(ch, "You send a message to %s.\r\n", arg);
  }
</pre>

It's all well and good being able to send mail, but what about receiving mail?
Here is a way to write a command for performing that function:

<pre class="code">
// checks to see if the character has any mail. If he does, convert each piece
// of mail into an object, and transfer them all into the character's inventory.
COMMAND(cmd_receive) {
  // Remove the character's mail list from our mail table
  LIST *mail_list = hashRemove(mail_table, charGetName(ch));

  // make sure the list exists
  if(mail_list == NULL || listSize(mail_list) == 0)
    send_to_char(ch, "You have no new mail.\r\n");
  // hand over all of the mail
  else {
    // go through each piece of mail, make an object for it, 
    // and transfer the new object to us
    LIST_ITERATOR *mail_i = newListIterator(mail_list);
    MAIL_DATA       *mail = NULL;
    ITERATE_LIST(mail, mail_i) {
      OBJ_DATA *obj  = newObj();
      objSetName      (obj, "a letter");
      objSetKeywords  (obj, "letter, mail");
      objSetRdesc     (obj, "A letter is here.");
      objSetMultiName (obj, "A stack of %d letters");
      objSetMultiRdesc(obj, "A stack of %d letters are here.");
      bprintf(objGetDescBuffer(obj),
             "Sender   : %s\r\n"
             "Date sent: %s\r\n"
             "%s", mail->sender, mail->time, bufferString(mail->mssg));
      
      // give the object to the character
      obj_to_game(obj);
      obj_to_char(obj, ch);
    } deleteListIterator(mail_i);

    // let the character know how much mail he received
    send_to_char(ch, "You receive %d letter%s.\r\n", 
                 listSize(mail_list), (listSize(mail_list) == 1 ? "" : "s"));
  }
  
  // delete the mail list, and all of its contents
  if(mail_list != NULL) deleteListWith(mail_list, deleteMail);
}
</pre>

Like with cmd_mail, add the receive command to the global command table. You
can copy and paste from what already exists. Once that is done, you have the
first pass at a mail module. You could probably add lots to this module, like
parcels of items, fees for sending mail, checks to make sure mail is only sent
at mailboxes, etc... but for our purposes of demonstrating how modules work,
this will suffice. The rest of the features will be left to you as an exercise.
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<!--div class="footer">Edit Date: Nov 15, 2008. By Geoff Hollis</div-->
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